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Artificialização do sedimento fluvial em corpos hídricos da bacia do córrego da Água Branca – Itirapina/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-01)
Toyama, Daniele
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Menezes, Denise Balestrero
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329605467080208
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3375429227573050
The human being, as a modifying agent of the physical environment, causes environmental degradation and the aquatic compartment, including streambed sediments, has a high capacity to accumulate and absorb traces of these changes. Understanding the uses of the hydrographic basin is an important environmental management tool given that the type and intensity of the degradation suffered varies according to the type and intensity of land use. In the present work, an investigation was carried out on the occurrence of the artificialization of river deposits and quantification of this phenomenon considering a core sample of the sediment. For this purpose, collections of core samples were carried out in the rainy and dry season, in locations that covered a variety of uses, and the land use was mapped. For the analysis of the sediment, granulometric separation, degradation of organic matter, visual analysis with a magnifying glass of the thicker material, and analysis of medium granulometry material with a stereomicroscope were performed. Additionally, the finer material was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope, and chemical mapping by dispersive energy spectroscopy and thermogravimetry and differential exploratory calorimetry tests were conducted in order to detect the presence of plastics. It was observed that sedimentation of artificial material occurs in the bed of streams in the study area (macroplastics, construction waste, rubber and cardboard). The most abundant materials incorporated into the sediment profile are microplastics (fragments and fibers). In the thinnest portion of the sediment, anthropogenic microparticles were observed and the presence of some types of plastic (nylon, LDPE and PET) was detected. Areas of more intense urban occupation and with less riparian vegetation suffer more from this degradation and areas of rural use, less. The existing dam in the basin accumulates more materials (both macro and microplastics), also playing the role of preventing these residues from being transported downstream of the water body. The importance of investing in environmental management measures is highlighted, such as environmental education, restoration of riparian vegetation, inspection of environmental legislation, and public cleaning to settle the impacts that poor management of solid waste causes in the aquatic environment.
Gamification based learning activities in elementary Brazilian public school
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-01)
Ferraz Junior, Wilton Moreira
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Martinelli, Suéllen Rodolfo
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Santos, Carlos Henrique da Silva
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Homem, Murillo Rodrigo Petrucelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4099700446922080
This work presents an iterative method which is based on the serious games development in elementary and high school classes, focusing on the students and teachers experiences from Brazilian scholar reality. Furthermore, it does not require strong background in game development and it is planned to be introduced any area of knowledge. It has been considered as a motivational method to engage the teachers and students' in-depth discussions. It follows some Agile Methods practices, such as the Extreme Programming (XP) and Scrum Agile Methods to guide them along the continuous exploration of game design in classrooms. This method also considers the design patterns techniques to reuse (re-guise) some well-known digital games engines and educational concepts, as example a guided game design based on the spaceships battles to associate electric charges concepts. The results obtained in experiments occurred in public schools show successful acceptance and they contribute to improve the students' academic performance. This method is now introduced in some undergraduate and graduate practices to analyze its impact in entrepreneurship courses.
Fiscalização de contratos: proposta de aprimoramento a partir de um estudo em campi selecionados do IFSP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-02)
Cavecci, Juliana Aparecida Ferreira
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Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7223018894553579
Aiming to identify and classify the weaknesses and virtues of the inspection contracts system in selected campi of the IFSP, in the period from 2013 to 2019, for cleaning and security contracts, this research brings notes about this reality, analyzing positive aspects observed, as well as vulnerability points, which demand improvements, to then, point out suggestions that would benefit the activity. The whole analysis disclose the importance of inspection for the effectiveness of public contracts, in order to seek an adequate execution of services ensuring that the needs of its users are met, for the best use of public resources and to increase the transparency of Public Administration acts. It is also evident the lack of instructions and regulations that establish guidelines within which the inspection would, in fact, be considered adequate. Finally, it is made an approach about the IFSP and Avaré, Boituva and Salto campi, selected for this research, to then perform the analysis of the results obtained, through a survey applied to the contract inspectors, which, in many cases, confirmed the notes found in the literature, that evidence the problem of an inspection contract performance, many times, in the background and concomitantly with other activities executed by these, most of the time, low-skilled workers to perform the function. The methodological strategy of this research focused in the qualitative approach, outlined by action research, of an exploratory nature, using documentary research, participant observation and the application of a semi-structured questionnaire for data collection.
Programa ACT: avaliação de uma intervenção com profissionais para prevenção universal da violência contra crianças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-02)
Pontes, Luciana Barbalho
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Brino, Rachel de Faria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5100941521054834
The Brazilian “Boy Bernardo” law provides for the elaboration of public policies and the implementation of actions such as professional training programs, in order to prevent the use of physical punishment and to spread positive parenting practices. The first chapter of this thesis discusses that law as an agent of cultural change in Brazil. Professional training on the ACT Program fits perfectly into the scope of the law, as it aims to teach parents and professionals about the consequences of violence, child development, anger management and positive parenting strategies and thus contribute to child abuse prevention. Chapters 2 and 3 aim to evaluate a 21-hour ACT Facilitator Training Workshop through a feasibility and a quasi-experimental study, with pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up measures. Finally, chapter 4 presents a qualitative evaluation of the program dissemination after two years. As a result, in both quantitative studies, participants significantly increased their knowledge on child development over time, but there were no significant differences regarding their child abuse potential score. The feasibility study also obtained increased knowledge on parenting styles and reduced levels of rigidity after training. The quasi-experimental study found no difference between groups, but it did significantly reduce levels of distress and increase ego-strength levels of professionals over time. Although the rate of program dissemination in the study was zero, the informal dissemination of its content and its integration into their professional practice occurred. Therefore, the ACT Training Workshop proved to be effective in increasing and disseminating knowledge related to violence prevention. However, adjustments are necessary to make the train-the-trainer model and the evaluation of program dissemination work successfully in order to achieve a large-scale implementation of the ACT Program as a public policy in Brazil, in compliance with the law.
Estudo do comportamento mecânico das ligas de titânio beta metaestável TMZF e Ti15%Mo durante processamento termomecânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-02)
Guerra, Ana Paula de Bribean
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Jorge Júnior, Alberto Moreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6360362248108490
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
Stress-strain curves of two metastable beta titanium alloys, the Ti-15%Mo alloy and the TMZF alloy were evaluated. The curves were obtained from isothermal hot compression tests in a temperature range from 650 to 900 ° C, strain rates between 0.172 and 17.2 s-1 and also under continuous cooling. Hardening and softening phenomena that occurred during hot deformation were evaluated by means of stress x strain curves and microstructural analyzes. Based on the obtained data, constitutive equation’s constants of phenomenological models available in the literature were determined in order to evaluate their stress prediction ability. The evaluated models were the strain compensated Arrhenius equation model, modified Johnson-Cook model and modified Zerilli-Armstrong model. From the microstructural analyzes of the deformed samples, the occurrence of dynamic recovery phenomena was very pronounced, delaying the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization for the highest temperatures under the analyzed conditions. Through the energy dissipation efficiency maps and deformation instability maps it was possible to delimit regions of improved processing efficiency within the evaluated processing conditions. The athermic omega phase was present in all deformed samples; there was no alpha phase precipitation during deformation. It was not possible to obtain a processing condition that would make possible a completely recrystallized microstructure constituted by the beta phase for any of the processing conditions, since the regions of the analyzed samples did not show homogeneity and the recovery by formation of sub-grains occurred preferably in grain boundary regions, where a high density of dislocations was detected.
Representação do corpo do homem negro na dança: visibilidade e racialização acerca do Grupo de Dança Contemporânea "Filhos de Afrodite" Unemat/Cáceres - MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-02)
Baccin, Adriana Nolibos
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Leite Júnior, Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253561448346772
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4560001203209684
The key point of this research was to identify and analyze the possible conflicts that emerge from the representations of men's bodies in dance, concerning to the differences of gender, race and sexuality. The men who participated in this thesis are part of the contemporary dance group entitled “Filhos de Afrodite” (Sons of Aphrodite) and are/were all academics of the Degree Course in Physical Education at the State University of Mato Grosso (Unemat), University Campus “Jane Vanini” in Cáceres-MT. We have as contribution, to the discussion, the (dis)constructions of masculinity(ies) and femininity(ies), to which the body is genderized and genderizer; the racialization and its imbrications with the sexuality; and, the dance, as a corporeal-social practice historical and culturally systematized. In addition, we intend to think in relation to the constructions of subjectivities, constituents of and about the body of these men. The research is based on constant dialogue with Michel Foucault (2006; 2005; 2004; 1996; 1994; 1987; 1985; 1984) , Judith Lynne Hanna (1999), Raewin Connell (1995a; 1995b; 1993; 1987) Connell and Messerschmidt (2013a), Connell, Hamlin and Vanderberghe (2013b), Connell and Hamlin (2000), Connell and Dowsett (1992), Frantz Fanon (2008); 1980; 1979), Stuart Hall (2005; 2003; 2000; 1997a, 1997b; 1996), among others, which work with dance and the differences marked by racialization, sexuality and the generification of bodies and power relations. As methodological choices, in addition to the updated reference on the themes, strategies were used such as participant observation, questionnaires, conversation circles, and, mainly, field diaries, as well as records of the presentations of the group under study. Race and sexuality, intertwined, led to stigmatization in relation to the body of these men, marking not only the black men of the group as the most sensual and beautiful, reaffirming questions of structural prejudices in relation to the sexualization of the race, but also, the a discussion about the body of these men and the body of the white woman who runs them. Another fundamental issue, which was initially raised, was the affirmation of naturalized gender violence through sexualization with / among the dance group participants, in the Physical Education course at Unemat and in the “evaluations” made by the audience that attended them.
Uma abordagem holística para o desenvolvimento de software multiplataforma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-06)
Blanco, Juliano Zanuzzio
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Vincenzi, Auri Marcelo Rizzo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0611351138131709
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7759806751523441
Background: Software systems have become fundamental in the activities of individuals and companies in recent years. The possibility of easy access became possible after the popularization of the web platform in the first moment, followed by the mobile platform, have been changing the need for access and information processing. Given this scenario, software development gains a new challenge, beyond the requirement for quality and productivity. In many cases, it must be cross-platform and consider differences and limitations of the various existing and future devices. Cross-platform systems are normally composed of several individual solutions, each for a different device or platform. This separation increases the development cost, as different development teams are often needed for dealing with the specific requirements for each device. There are cross-platform solutions available in the industry and academia, but these are normally restricted to preconfigured platforms. They also normally consider that each individual solution is equal or similar, in terms of functionality, to each other. Objective: Motivated by this scenario, this doctoral thesis presents an approach where the development and maintenance of cross-platform software occurs as a single software entity, taking a more holistic view. The approach takes advantage of existing cross-platform solutions but adds three new aspects regarding the developer's autonomy: support to include new platforms, extension of the approach and support to distribute functionality across the devices. Method: The approach is based on a general-purpose language (GPL), which allows the developer to specify domain concepts in an abstraction level that is higher than a normal programming language, as it is free from platform details and includes some modeling elements. Automatic transformations are used to produce executable code that can be properly divided and deployed separately into different platforms. The proposed approach was evaluated in three ways. In the first evaluation, an existing cross-platform system was recreated using the approach. The second evaluation was conducted with 5 experts, who tested the cross-platform approach in practice. The last evaluation was the solution of a pointed out by the specialists through the possibility of extending the approach, demonstrating its robustness. Results: The results have brought evidence supporting the contributions of the approach, mainly: the possibility to use a single environment to create a high abstraction representation of the software, the ability to reuse similar concepts between platforms and the potential to reduce costs. The evaluations also pointed out some limitations, mainly: the need for an initial effort to properly create and prepare the platform using the native IDEs, the need for additional tests and some missing implementation details.
Potencial da semeadura direta em áreas de pastagens em Floresta Decidual do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-07)
López, Alex Mauri Tello
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Silva, José Mauro Santana da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1206055452889306
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Piña-Rodrigues, Fatima Conceição Márquez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675
Direct seeding in forest restoration can be a viable alternative for the restoration of ecological processes in degraded ecosystems, providing increased diversity and rapid soil coverage. The present study is divided into two chapters, the first chapter 1, through the literature review, the main concepts and the general situation of ecological restoration, direct sowing techniques and use of green manure in direct sowing were presented. Chapter 2 sought to answer the following questions: (a) was the green cover (green manure) effective in reducing weed infestation and allowing the establishment of sown species? (b) how did these cultivation practices affect the development and establishment of the native species sown? (c) which species were sensitive to competition with green manure? Of the tree species tested, six showed potential for large-scale use in restoration by direct seeding and green fertilizers were efficient in promoting initial soil cover, reducing weed competition, most affecting some species in development and establishment.
Um mecanismo de tratamento de exceções sensível ao contexto aplicado a internet das coisas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-08)
Gomes, Gabriel Henrique Faustini
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Otsuka, Joice Lee
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8235968002513082
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2777839334365894
Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which can range from smart watches to health monitors, are increasingly intrinsic and ubiquitously connected in people’s routine. With such ubiquitous devices and applications growing in numbers, and our society increasingly relying on such systems ubiquitous, a number of software development challenges have emerged. More sophisticated applications should be able to control and exploit the dynamics of changing contextual information of users and the surrounding environment. Thus, such systems need to meet stringent requirements related to application-specific fault tolerance, integrity, and availability. This fundamental issue in the development of reliable ubiquitous systems lies in how properly handle application errors in the presence of frequent contextual changes and asynchronous communication. In this context, aiming to overcome these inerent challenges, this research proposes a Context-aware Exception Handling (CAEH) Mechanism Applied to Internet of Things. The mechanism consists of publish/subscribe middleware to communicate the devices in conjunction with a proposed architecture to handle contextual exceptions. The validation of the proposed CAEH mechanism was accomplished through the development of a the simulation of a practical application (case study) that explore and evaluate its use in the construction of context-sensitive asynchronous systems. All source code as the simulation was made available on a platform so that developers can use the guidelines created to implement exception handling.
Nanoformulação do [10]-Gingerol em células de câncer de mama triplo negativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-08)
Baptista, Ideli Zanesco Fontes
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Martin, Ana Carolina Baptista Moreno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0612591885565016
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Cominetti, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272
Breast cancer is the neoplasm that most affects women worldwide and can be classified into different types. Among them, triple negative breast cancer (TN) is characterized by not having hormone receptors, nor receptors for HER2. This type of cancer corresponds to approximately 20% of cases, has great metastatic potential, especially for vital organs such as bones, lungs and brain, and consequently has a worse prognosis. Due to its cellular characteristics, TN breast cancer does not have target therapies, and therefore the search for new treatments is extremely important. Thus, natural products are rich sources for the search for new molecules that can be applied to therapy against TN breast cancer, some of which have already been shown to have anti-tumor and anti-metastatic properties. Previous results from our research group have already demonstrated the effectiveness of the [10]-gingerol (10G) molecule in its cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic action in vitro and in vivo antimetastatic in animal models of TN breast cancer. However, due to its low solubility in aqueous buffers, its effectiveness may be reduced, especially in vivo. Thus, this study aimed to study a pharmaceutical formulation of 10G and verify its activity in vitro. The results obtained show that the formulated compound not only maintains its initial anti-tumor characteristics, but in some cases they are potentiated, indicating optimistic perspectives for possible in vivo tests.
Investigação dos mecanismos envolvidos na herança mitocondrial: o papel da dinâmica mitocondrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-08)
Macabelli, Carolina Habermann
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Chiaratti, Marcos Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0392078007500289
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6577717546370427
Diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are the most common genetic diseases in humans. Despite this, there is no effective treatment for these diseases and the mechanisms of inheritance are not fully understood. Several studies in mice and humans have shown that deleterious mutations (e.g., non-synonymous) in mtDNA are negatively selected in the germline (e.g., oocytes or embryos) leading to a direct impact on the following generations. This mechanism seems to be closely associated with mitochondrial dynamics (e.g., mitochondrial fusion and fission events), which act on the segregation of mutant and wild-type molecules. However, there is a lack of evidence on the action of these mechanisms on mitochondrial inheritance, especially in the germline of mammals. This work aims to study the role of mitochondrial dynamics on the inheritance of mtDNA during the development of the female germline. For this, the following development phases were used as a model: i) initial embryogenesis; ii) establishment of primordial germ cells (PGCs); iii) oogenesis. Our results indicate a purifying mechanism acting on mutant mtDNA, which is dependent on Mfn2, and acts during the development of oocytes. In addition, we highlight the derivation of PGCs in Mfn2 knockout mice, and the specification of PGCLCs (PGC-like cells) from Drp1-deficient mice embryonic stem cells (mESCs), both with an effect on the mtDNA copy number. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in regulating the mitochondrial inheritance.
Análise exploratória de constituintes inorgânicos em tecido, líquido ruminal e fezes de bovinos da raça Nelore (Bos Taurus Indicus)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-08)
Santos, Mykaelli Andrade
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0491485411953509
The inorganic constituents supplied in the diet are essential for the development of cattle. This dissertation aimed to propose a procedure for the multi-element determination of Ca, Mg, P, K, S, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, Cr, Mo, Se, and V in ruminal liquid samples, muscle, and feces of cattle submitted to two different diets, as well as to evaluate possible alterations according to the diets, in the contents of these analytes in the different samples evaluated. The experiment developed out with 52 male Nellore steers to evaluate possible changes depending on the diets in the analytes' levels in the different samples evaluated. The animals were confined and divided into 2 groups. The first was submitted to a conventional diet (with silage and soybean meal) and the second to a diet with by-products (citrus pulp and peanut meal). The samples were lyophilized, ground, and microwave-assisted digested in dilute nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide media. The analytes were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The accuracy was determined using certified reference materials (CRMs), NIST 8414, NIST 1577a, NIST 1573, and NIST 1515. Satisfactory results were obtained for the evaluated CRMs, and adequate detection and quantification limits for the intended use. Due to the large volume of results generated, the Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test were performed for each analyte to verify if there was a statistical difference between the diets. The results indicated significant differences for Ca, P, Fe, Mn, Mg, Cr, and V in the feces and ruminal liquid samples. Feces samples also showed significant differences for Na, Zn, S, Cu, and Co. In muscle samples, only K showed a significant difference between diets. Exploratory data analysis was performed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), principal component analysis (PCA), and random forest algorithm (RF). The results obtained by the LDA indicated that the groups (ruminal liquid, muscle, and feces) are very well defined and distinct and that the levels of nutrients are specific to each group. Through the PCA, it was possible to observe that only the feces samples had a clear separation between the groups of animals submitted to the conventional diet and the diet with by-products. The RF algorithm was used to verify whether the analyte's concentration could be used as a predictor of treatment groups and to verify which analytes would be the most important for this classification. The results obtained by the algorithm showed that it is only possible to classify the samples using the concentration of analytes present in the feces sample, confirming the results obtained by the PCA. The elements that contributed most to this classification were P, Zn, Mg, Ca, and K.
A permanência na universidade de estudantes oriundos das ações afirmativas: uma revisão de escopo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-08)
Medeiros, Bianca Casseb
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Magalhães, Lilian Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8695787131933459
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1141472980713196
Affirmative Actions (AA) are special and temporary measures that seek to remediate a discriminatory past. They aim to accelerate the fight against inequalities faced by socially vulnerable groups, such as ethnic and racialized groups. At the academy level, AA have been implemented through strategic policies, practices and social resources that provide access and permanence for groups historically excluded in these spaces, in order to promote social change within the principles of equality. With the diversity that exists and the inequalities that still remain, it is necessary that universities are prepared to deal with the new challenges. This study investigates how Brazilian literature has approached the permanence processes of students who entered Brazilian universities through AA policies, taking as basis for reflection, the students' own narratives. Based on the theoretical framework of occupational justice (OJ), a scope review was carried out following the parameters proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, studies published in the last five years, on the subject were examined. The review aimed to reflect on the Brazilian social contemporary experience, after the consolidation of Federal Law no. 12,711 / 2012 (Quota Law), which through its execution destinates 50% of the vacancies in undergraduate courses to self-declared afro descendants, mixed race, indigenous people, people with disabilities and students who attended high school entirely in publicly funded schools. From a thematic analysis of the data, it was possible to understand the challenges, strengths and meanings of staying in the academy, revealing the ways in which the occupational possibilities of this audience are built in the university context.
Otimização da programação de montagens estruturais na Indústria Aeronáutica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-09)
Silva, Bruno Jensen Virginio da
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Pureza, Vitória Maria Miranda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9202201560058916
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
In this research, the structural assembly schedule of activities in the aeronautical industry is studied. Structural assemblies are the manufacturing stage in which the parts, sub-assemblies and the main structural parts of the airplanes, like wings, stabilizer, front, rear and fuselage, are assembled together, forming the aerostructures. Essentially, the problem studied in this thesis is how to allocate the assembly activities over time and resources, considering the use of assembly fixtures and workers, with different specializations, respecting the production plans and technological constraints at a minimum cost. The objective of this research is to optimize the labor cost of the airplane structural assembly scheduling problem, based on a real case in the aerospace industry. To do that, optimizations approaches based in mathematical models and heuristic methods were developed. Another objective of this research is to contribute to the practice of the operational research, considering that the structural assembly is described in details and it is proposed a model to represent it mathematically in a way that its description could be used instead of idealized problems to motivated future correlated research. In this work, a mixed integer linear programming model is developed to represent the problem, based on resource constrained project scheduling and resource availability models. Computational experiments were performed with real data provided by a Brazilian aerospace company, and the results showed that the proposed model is capable of generating solutions to real size problems. Constructive heuristic methods, specialized local searches, random multistart and mathematical programming heuristics were developed and applied using Java and GAMS/CPLEX, in order to obtain good solutions in acceptable computational times in practice. The results of the computational experiments showed that the heuristics achieve different combinations of computational time and solution quality. In general, the computational times used to generate solutions using heuristic methods are shorter than those used by mathematical models with CPLEX and, sometimes, with very close solution quality. The solutions generated using the mathematical model and CPLEX use a long computational time in some cases, however, they generated the best solutions in all experiments. The results showed that is possible to generate good quality solutions for the aeronautical assembly scheduling using the proposed methods. Structural assembly of airplanes requires several operations, with a complex precedence network and interaction among many productive resources, which makes assembly and scheduling and planning a complex activity to be performed manually by humans, without the support of computer and analytical technology. In addition, this research studies an industry with great economic relevance to Brazil. The development of technology aiming competitive benefits to this industry has the potential to contribute to its development and competitiveness in Brazil and worldwide.
Aproveitamento biotecnológico do soro de queijo porungo para obtenção da enzima β-galactosidase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-09)
Coelho, Rafaela de Jesus Silva
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Gabardo, Sabrina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9732593816895465
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4828132520085840
Cheese whey are the main by-product of the dairy industry, characterized as an alternative substrate rich in nutrients and applicable in bioprocess. It has a high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and when associated with inadequate disposal can lead to several environmental problems. One alternative use of this by-product is in biotechnological processes, such as for the production of β-galactosidase. This study aimed to use porungo cheese whey for β-galactosidase (lactase) production, an enzyme widely applied in the food industry to manufacture lactose-free products. In the first stage of this work, different lines of Kluyveromyces marxianus (CCT 4086 and CBS 6556) and different culture media (porungo cheese whey (S); porungo cheese whey supplemented with yeast extract (SE) and porungo cheese whey supplemented with yeast extract and bacteriological peptone (SEP)) were tested on a rotational shaker at 200 rpm and a temperature of 30 ºC. The best results of enzymatic activity were followed by the strain K. marxianus CCT 4086 in SE (16.73 U mL-1). Therefore, this line was chosen for the second stage, and the influence of the process variables temperature (30ºC and 37ºC) and pH (5, 6 and 7) was evaluated, in a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design. Enzymatic activity reached a maximum value in 20 h of cultivation for all experiments, ranging from 11.41 U mL-1 to 15.93 U mL-1 for temperature of 30 ° C and 10.62 U mL-1 to 13.93 U mL-1 for temperature of 37 ° C. The best process condition was achieved at pH 7.0 and temperature of 30 ºC.
Análise elementar de carnes: desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos e estratégias para técnicas com fonte de plasma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-13)
Silva, Ana Beatriz Santos da
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5816161183502861
Meat is widely consumed around the world. Besides, this food has a significant influence on the Brazilian economy. Regarding the nutritional terms, it is considered as a source of essential elements (e.g., molybdenum, copper, and manganese) that are important to the human organism. In this context, this thesis's goal is the development of analytical methods and the investigation of strategies for the determination of essential and toxic elements in meat by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES) and inductively coupled plasma – Tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). The use of MIP OES was investigated for the determination of phosphorus from phospholipids in meat. Due to the introduction of organic solvent, some strategies were adopted, such as the employment of an external gas control module (EGCM) and the signal correction applying internal standardization (Te) and molecular species (OH). The accuracy was estimated by comparing the results obtained with ion chromatography. The recovery found using the internal standardization was 95%, while molecular specie was 94%. These results indicated that these signal corrections were effective, and their employment significantly improved accuracy. The dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was used to enhance the procedure’s sensitivity for the determination of molybdenum in meat by MIP OES. In this study, the selection of extracting and dispersing solvents was based on the mixture design. Additionally, the DLLME parameters were optimized by applying a Box-Behnken design. A bovine liver certified reference material (1577c, NIST) was employed to check the accuracy and a recovery of 92% was obtained. The enhancement factor and the limit of detection estimated were 4.5 and 0.20 µg g-1, respectively. In another work, a critical evaluation of nebulizer effects in a nitrogen plasma was performed. Four nebulizers (concentric, MiraMist, OneNeb series 1 and 2) were investigated concerning the plasma fundamental parameters (e.g., temperature and number of electron density) and solvent transport efficiency. Besides, the reproducibility was evaluated in different matrices, and the accuracy was investigated by analyzing four CRMs and s spiked sample from sugarcane spirit due to its alcoholic composition. The results demonstrated that the plasma fundamental parameters were considerably affected by the nebulizer type. Besides, the OneNeb series 2 showed the best performance considering the sensitivity, solvent transport efficiency and precision. The determination of nine essential and toxic elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sr, and V) in meat samples was performed by ICP-MS/MS. Initially, the use of gases (O2, H2, and He) in the reaction octopolar system (ORS) was explored to minimize the spectral interferences. The best operating mode was selected evaluating the recoveries obtained during the CRM analysis (1577b, NIST). For Cd, Co, Mo, Pb, and V, the ORS's gas use was not required. On the other hand, for chromium and arsenic, He was more suitable, and for Sr, H2 was the best. The limit of detection varied from 0.08 µg kg-1 (Cd) to 16 µg kg-1 (Mo). Then, meat samples were digested and analyzed by ICP-MS/MS using the optimal conditions. A correlation graphic showed the occurrence of a positive correlation between Cd – Pd and Sr – Pb.
A formação do Engenheiro Químico no contexto da Indústria 4.0
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-13)
Pinto, Regina Carneiro
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Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061
In 2018, the Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo (Fiesp) carried out a survey to identify the degree of knowledge of Brazilian companies related to the concept of industry 4.0 and the challenges to be faced for its adoption. Two hundred and twenty-seven companies were interviewed, 55% of which were small, 30% medium and 15% large. Initially, 32% of companies said they did not know the terms "fourth industrial revolution", "industry 4.0" or "advanced manufacturing". For the remaining 68%, some other results were obtained: 90% agree that the fourth industrial revolution will have positive impacts on productivity, 67% expect to feel a medium impact with the implementation of advanced manufacturing, but only 5% feel very prepared for the transformations to be faced. Asked about the biggest challenges, que workforce qualification was one of the mentioned points. Since chemical engineering is so close to industry, reflection on the consequences of the fourth industrial revolution in the graduation is necessary. A demonstration of the importance of the theme is that updating regarding innovation, science and technology are topics directly cited in Resolução CNE / CES nº2, of April 24, 2019, which establishes the national curriculum guidelines for the undergraduate engineering course. As a study tool, a research was carried out with graduates of the chemical engineering course at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). All respondents are inserted in the job market in functions directly related to the area of performance of the chemical engineer and answered questions related to the tools used in their daily work and the challenges faced in their professional performance. In addition to the research, the undergraduate curriculum offered by the Department of Chemical Engineering at UFSCar was studied in order to find options for the insertion of new themes in the course structure, using as a resource also the comparison with curricular grades of other universities in the country. The modernization proposals were developed following two paths: the adaptation of existing subjects and the addition of new subjects, helping with ideas to restructure the curriculum.
Algoritmos de aprendizado de máquinas aplicados no dimensionamento e controle de estoque na indústria de bebidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-13)
Ganem, Alan Motta
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Horta, Antonio Carlos Luperni
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5923938048634505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0826732869672295
Inventory planning is an extremely important task within any industry. This importance becomes even more remarkable for industries that deals with complex and intricate supply chains, with plants spread around many regions of the country, varying lead times and different suppliers. In this work, we will use data science and machine learning techniques to carry out forecasting and inventory control of various supplies in different plants, in a large beer industry. For the consumption forecast, Holt-Winters, Gradient Boosting (LGBM implementation), Dense Neural Networks and a simple persistence model (predicting the future as being exactly the past values) were used. The predictive models generated were validated using the mean absolute error (MAE) metric and the residuals were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk), zero mean (t-test) and autocorrelation (Ljung-Box). A Python software was developed in order to simulate a predictive inventory control system using the prediction of each of these models alongside with a heuristic inventory policy provided by the company. The resizing of the inventory policy was also tested (lower bound threshold), taking into account the predictive performance of the models for each time series. Finally, using inventory metrics from simulation and the Pareto front technique for multiobjective optimization, the best candidates were selected for further validation in production stage.
Práticas de gestão da qualidade em compras: estudos de caso em empresas automotivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-14)
Oliveira, Adilson José Gomes de
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Martins, Manoel Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
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Toledo, José Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
In the last decades with the advent of increasingly demanding consumers, quality has gained prominence among companies. For an organization to satisfy the customer's needs, it must use quality in its products and services, as it reflects the requirements necessary to meet those needs and exceed customer expectations. Starting from the point that quality management is an important competitive advantage, some authors argue that it has synergy with the purchasing area and attribute that the quality of raw materials and inputs greatly interfere with the quality of the final product, with the application of quality management practices in purchasing can bring enormous benefits to companies. The sector chosen for the research was the automobile industry, in view of the numbers that the sector presents in sales of motor vehicles and the great participation in the dissemination and application of new forms of management. From an exploratory bibliographic review, few studies were found in this area, highlighting the work of Sánchez-Rodriguez et al. (2005) and Hemsworth et al. (2008) who used a model called QMPP (Quality Management Practices Purchasing) for a quantitative study. The Sánchez-Rodriguez et al. (2005) served as a basis for listing the Quality Management in Purchasing practices explored in this work and the breakdown of these practices into operational elements was used to develop a semi-structured questionnaire that applied to three vehicle manufacturers served as an instrument for data collection . The evidence collected presented situations in which it is possible to establish the use of all the operational elements of a given practice, as well as some discrepancies in the use of these elements, concluding that the companies studied demonstrate the importance of the purchasing area being managed by the principles of quality .
Percepções da influência das atividades extracurriculares durante uma trajetória acadêmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-14)
Curcelli, Emilio Martins
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Roscani, Meliza Goi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1298051150234135
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6020203353629171
The course conclusion work (TCC) is a mandatory instrument to graduate in medicine from the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). According to the pedagogical project1, the work should present the student's perception of “analyzing the individual capacity of the student to synthesize his education trajectory, considering the dimensions of teaching, assistance and research”. The UFSCar medical course, created in 2005, with a total workload of 9620 hours, has an active methodology with an integrated, constructivist and competence-oriented curriculum, seeking a more active and reflective participation of the student, while bringing theory closer with practice from the beginning. The course is structured in three educational cycles: Comprehensiveness of care I (first and second academic years); integrality of care II (third and fourth academic years) and integrality of Care III (fifth and sixth academic years, or boarding school). Through this organization, it is expected, at the end of the course, that the student will have competence within the three main areas: health (care for individual health needs and care for collective health needs), Management (organization of health work and health management). care) and education1. Extracurricular activities (AEC), also called complementary activities, include participation or organization in scientific events such as congresses and symposium, monitoring, study groups, academic leagues, scientific initiation, extension projects, paid or unpaid internships, cultural and social activities, among others2. The literature is vast in relation to students' motivation to pursue such activities, such as: going deeper into a specific topic, helping socializing with other students, bringing theory and practice together and complementing the basic curriculum. Participating in such AEC also correlated with several gains for the student, such as: academic / professional gains (higher performance, improvement of technical skills, lower dropout, greater professional satisfaction), cultural and social gains (such as improvement of leadership and interpersonal relationships, improvement in understanding of society, gain in humanity, approximation with different cultures) and psychological gains (serving as a strategy to protect against burnout) 2-5. Bearing in mind that, during the author's individual trajectory in the course, there was contact with diversified AEC, the study sought to analyze, in a self-critical manner and based on scientific evidence, how these activities could influence graduation and contribute to professional training, particularly in medical practice. As a secondary objective, we sought to reflect what were the motivations that led to carry out such AEC.