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Dispersão da lignina Kraft em PBSA e suas interações: efeito da concentração e condições de processamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-29) Possari, Laís Taguchi; Bettini, Sílvia Helena Prado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3687551763124327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0698601164327683
Serious environmental issues have been caused by the massive consumption of plastic products. One of many strategies to reduce the environmental impacts is the development of bio-based and biodegradable polymeric materials. In general, biodegradable polymers have limited production capacity and, consequently, higher costs. Lignin, on the other hand, is abundant in vegetable tissues and is obtained majorly as by-product of the paper industry. Consequently, it exhibits renewability, high availability and low cost. The incorporation of lignin in the biodegradable polymer poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) can provide more competitive costs and functional properties to it, like UV radiation protection. In this work, PBSA-based films were extruded with lignin nominal concentrations from 0 to 15 wt.%, with different processing parameters. The influence of composition and extrusion conditions (temperature and screw rotation) were assessed by structural, thermal, rheological, morphological and mechanical analysis. The results showed that lignin dispersion is strongly influenced by the processing conditions. Phase compatibility was observed and, also, evidences of possible partial miscibility between lignin and PBSA were found. However, the presence of lignin catalyzed the hydrolytic degradation of PBSA during the extrusion processes due to lignin’s acid character. Additionally, experimental results clarified, to a certain extent, the dualistic particle-macromolecular behavior of lignin, which seem to vary with the conditions of extrusion and analysis. Lignin restricted the molecular mobility of PBSA when the samples were in the solid state and during their crystallization, but caused a lubricating effect when the system was submitted to shear strain in the melt state. The extent of these effects was shown to depend on lignin dispersion levels and, consequently, on the processing parameters.
A escola no Estado plurinacional da Bolívia (2005 – 2019)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-29) Araujo, Thiago Matias de Sousa; Ferreira Junior, Amarilio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3562022071007654
Esta tesis tiene el objetivo general de comprender cómo los cambios políticos y sociales derivados de la construcción del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia repercutieron en la educación regular del sistema educativo boliviano. Considerando la temática, todo el proceso de construcción del conocimiento se ha convertido en una amplia investigación de campo, debido a que la mayor parte de la bibliografía es extranjera – lo que exigió una búsqueda in loco de las fuentes –, así como por la necesaria presencia física para proceder con el conjunto de las entrevistas y observaciones en diferentes unidades educativas de la ciudad de La Paz, altiplano boliviano. Para un acercamiento más ajustado al objeto, primero se trató de los elementos histórico-organizativos de la sociedad boliviana, entrelazados con la historia de la educación en Bolivia, en un recorrido que parte del período preinca, pasa por la invasión europea y Colonia, llega a la República y avanza en la consolidación del Estado Plurinacional, lo que coincide con el marco temporal específico de esta tesis. A continuación, trayendo datos de las observaciones y las voces de los maestros entrevistados, pasamos al propio modelo educativo, caminando en sus fundamentos, sus características, su trayectoria formativa y, finalmente, su proceso de gestión. La perspectiva inicial fue que, en la construcción de un modelo educativo cuyo lastre corresponde al producto de las luchas del estrato históricamente subalternado que ascendió a la dirección del Estado, la educación podría, dialécticamente, colaborar en la conformación de un nuevo consenso, guiado por una sociabilidad superior. Como resultado, se percibe que el cambio en los fundamentos del Estado y del Sistema Educativo ha provocado mejoras en la estructura del modelo, en la cobertura educativa, en las condiciones de permanencia, en el proceso educativo y en los resultados de este proceso, y que los maestros apoyan y reconocen este cambio. Sin embargo, la implementación aún reciente resalta, a nivel escolar, las propias contradicciones de la sociedad boliviana, en el afán de afirmar estándares previos, ajustados a otros fundamentos, incluso incompatibles con los del Sistema Educativo Plurinacional. Así, la maduración del modelo sería necesaria para un abordaje más acertado, pero el golpe de Estado llevado a cabo en 2019 deja incierto si habrá tiempo para el ajuste de esta brecha.
A digitalização do trabalho dos motoristas de aplicativo no Brasil e no Chile: entre redes, plataformas e projetos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-29) Unda, Agustín Gabriel Rubilar; Saltorato, Patrícia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4086015205835355; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0838023981398626
The structural changes in the world economy and the current technological advances have fostered a new business model operated through digital platforms, giving rise to new forms of work organization in which data extraction and processing become new sources of raw material, giving shape and meaning to what many authors have been calling platform capitalism. This research aims to contribute to the understanding of this context, by exploring the potential impacts of this business model. While considering a complementary concept, that of a connectionist capitalism, the focus is on two of its main attributes: professional insertion via networks and flexible work. This research sought to explore the emerging theme of platform capitalism and its impacts on the work organization of drivers who use transport passenger applications in Brazil and Chile. To do this, the research employed both a theoretical approach through a systematic bibliographic review and narrative bibliographic research, as well as an empirical approach, (i) through a survey of 54 Brazilian drivers and 56 Chilean drivers, (ii) semi-structured interviews with 30 Brazilian drivers and 17 Chilean drivers; (iii) observant participation in 13 Facebook groups and two WhatsApp groups, one of them with 144 participants and the other with one 48. Among the results found it is highlighted that: (i) the bibliographic review of the literature on the subject provided the scope for systematization of the researched studies around three main axes: new work practices, job insecurity, and labor legislation, (ii) the empirical research revealed that despite the driver’s perceptions (from both countries) of exploitation, excessive poorly paid work hours, and high job insecurity. Yet, the flexibility is considered the great advantage of this process of professional insertion in a context of unemployment and increasingly precarious work.
A descentralização da gestão ambiental pública: estudo de caso no município de Ribeirão Preto/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-29) Saquy, Sammy Dutra; Gonçalves, Juliano Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1803562162325019; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3747761281022550
Nature conservation has been shown to be extremely important for the quality of life of the population with the maintenance of ecosystem services. There is pressure on public authorities to create, maintain, improve and increase actions in favor of the environment. A point that has been discussed is about these actions adapting to local peculiarities, making conservation of environmental resources increasingly viable, since Brazil has great heterogeneity in the characteristics and distribution of these resources throughout its territory. The decentralization of public environmental management transfers responsibilities from the Union to the states and from the states to the municipalities, in an attempt to achieve local environmental governance and strengthen social participation. The model of cooperative federalism in the country allows decentralization to occur without excluding cooperation between federal entities. The present study aimed to investigate the process of decentralization of environmental attributions and the fragmentation of environmental performance in different agencies and institutions within the public environmental management system in the city of Ribeirão Preto / SP. This study carried out a bibliographic and documentary survey and semi-structured interviews with the representatives of each environmental agency with a physical unit in the city of Ribeirão Preto, which were transcribed, and analyzed based on content analysis with the aid of the software. From the results obtained, it is possible to infer that decentralization in the city of Ribeirão Preto has its process supported by laws and has an institutional apparatus that makes it possible to achieve the objectives of this transfer of authority. The fragmentation was seen by the interviewees as a positive aspect when related to the specialization of the areas as a result of this process, however, efficiency in communication and interinstitutional cooperation is essential for public policies to function correctly. As one of the main points cited by the interviewees as a positive aspect, the proximity of the local government and the environmental agencies of the population enables social participation and provides easier access to the organs. On the other hand, this proximity to decision-making agencies in public environmental management can have negative consequences such as clientelistic practices that influence public authorities in order to seek private interests. Therefore, decentralization does not present itself as a problem, however, opportunistic actions by actors and sectors that take advantage of this process of transferring responsibilities to the local government generate negative consequences for sustainable development and collective interest, which may compromise the entire governance process. local environmental policy. Politicians with an active mandate have the power to influence environmental agencies, weakening them with the intention of hindering institutional actions or marginalizing the environmental issue. The lack of technical and financial resources at the municipal level compromises environmental defense and the local environmental governance process. These are major problems to be faced. In this way, environmental education must be worked on in search of changes in posture, mainly of the public power. The improvement of environmental decentralization is a great challenge and a permanent need in search of sustainability.
Capacidade tecnológica e inovação em empresas de base tecnológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-29) Santos, Enise Aragão dos; Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2321084184622795; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4814645131606900
This research aimed to identify what are the components of the technological capabilities and the teemed innovation dimensions presented in technological-based companies (TBC). Precisely, it was investigated how the TBC develops the technological capabilities to generate innovation, due to the pressure to adapt themselves to the continuous technological changes. In doing so, qualitative research was developed and the method selected was multiple case studies. The techniques adopted were semi-structured interviews with TBC top management, direct and non-participative observation, and document analysis. The results showed that in small TBC, research and development (R&D) tends to be carried out with other external partners, including 'intermediaries' or informally, as the company does not have enough capacity to internalize the entire R&D process. Besides, in the innovation processes used by managers to develop R&D, experimentation, imitation, and the inclusion of 'adoption' stand out. The five theoretical dimensions of innovation (product, process, behavioral, market, and strategy), were manifested in the studied TBC, and the most evoked by the leaders was the 'innovation in strategy', because as companies grow, they become more complex and sophisticated, requiring a more transparent and more effective corporate strategy. The technological capacity, initially represented by four components (human capital, physical capital, organizational capital and products, and services) was also identified in the interviewees' speech, and human capital was presented as the most remembered by them, due to the recognition of that employees can drive the organization to success. Finally, the theoretical and empirical research model was consolidated, with the integration of a new component of technological capacity, called 'cultural capital', which facilitates the development of innovative processes. It is believed that this thesis may provide meaningful contributions to studies on TBC, helping to identify the theoretical and empirical links that bring innovation and technological capacity together, aiming at adapting them to continuous technological changes.
Avaliação das características físicas, físico-químicas e tecnológicas de diferentes variedades de soja cultivadas no sudoeste do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-29) Barros, Larissa Domingues; Pereira, Gustavo das Graças; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6055750211001915; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8210121455200393
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is one of the most important raw materials in the national and international scenarios due to its chemical composition, economic importance and diversity of application in the food market. The composition of soybeans can present significant differences depending on the variety used, the agricultural management, the place of cultivation and the edaphoclimatic conditions. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physical, physical-chemical and technological characteristics of different soybean varieties cultivated in the southwest of the State of São Paulo. The experimental part was divided into three stages. The first consisted of characterizing four varieties of commercial soybean (SA, SB, RA and RB) regarding some physical and physical-chemical parameters usually applied in grain quality control. In the second stage, the soybean’s flour cultivars was obtained and these were evaluated for certain physical-chemical and technological parameters. Finally, in the third stage, the oils extracted from the different varieties were evaluated for the specific extinction and free acidity. With this work it was possible to identify the similarities and differences in relation to the chemical constituents and the physical characteristics of these soybean varieties. The varieties of high agronomic efficiency (SA and SB) stood out in terms of physical parameters, and the SB variety also had higher protein content (40%), which together with the lipid content presents the main physical-chemical parameters. As for technological characteristics, the traditional SB variety, once again, stood out from the others in relation to the water absorption capacity (2.85 g water / g sample). In contrast, the RA refuge variety stood out in terms of emulsifying capacity (61.44%). Regarding the quality of the oils obtained, the oil extracted from the SB variety showed greater free acidity and specific extinction. It was possible to conclude that the soybean varieties, both those used as a refuge strategy and those of high productivity differed in relation to their chemical, physical and technological characteristics. Thus, the results obtained in this work can assist in decision making regarding the choice of certain varieties for a specific application in the food industry