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A Revista Criança e a Educação Infantil no Brasil: entre (in)definições e (re)significações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-30) Faria, Mariana de Oliveira; Hai, Alessandra Arce; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3845288858275245; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4003449739655511
Based on the interest in Brazilian Early Childhood Education, an attempt was made to unveil its historical construction process in the country between 1982 and 2008. For this purpose, the Revista Criança, periodical with a great repercussion among educators in this time period, produced by the Ministry of Education, was used as a reference and object of research. Thus, in order to accomplish the goal of understanding how Early Childhood Education was constituted in the country based in the selected object, 46 issues of the Revista Criança were analyzed. The study focused on the ‘Articles’ section, based on three analysis categories: child conception; teacher's role; and the function of Early Childhood Education. Furthermore, the material was periodized into four periods. The periods are not dissociated, and although in each of them certain ideas stand out at the expense of others, it is noted that the same ideas are reframed and remodeled in other periods. Thus, each period was assigned with a title which summarizes the highlighted ideas at that time, namely: 1st The monitor and the practical guidelines for health, care and education; 2nd The Federal Constitution and the search for pedagogical intentionality; 3rd The child as a person with rights and teacher education; and 4th Child protagonism and the search for innovative practices. Based on two main conceptual tools: the grammar of schooling (TYACK; CUBAN, 1995) and the discourse on practice (DEPAEPE, 2005; HAI, SIMON, DEPAEPE, 2015; 2016), it was concluded that both, the constructed journal’s practical discourse, as well as the grammatical constituent points of Early Childhood Education, revealed certain continuities in all periods of the Revista Criança, in a constant process of reframing ideas, practices and conceptions. Such results led to the Thesis ‘construction that Brazilian Early Childhood Education has always been, and still remains, in search of its definition, and in this process there are more permanencies than great ruptures. In this sense, the Revista Criança represents a locus for understanding the complex historical and cultural relations waged in Early Childhood Education in the country. Therefore, it is expected that this Thesis will contribute to the understanding of Brazilian Early Childhood Education, besides to supporting new paths and possibilities in the face of the challenges found in these spaces.
Evolução da mortalidade de motociclistas em acidentes de trânsito no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-30) Chaves Filho, Wilson Ferreira; Guerreiro, Thais de Cassia Martinelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2650555786682535; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5324040844169985
Between 2000 and 2012, 177 thousand indemnities were paid for the death of motorcyclists and 781 thousand for permanent disability in Brazil. These figures show that studies in this field are necessary in order to understand the general situation and mitigate the damages of the use of this means of transportation that continues to grow in Brazil. This study, regarding the national scenario, used morbidity and mortality numbers provided by the Ministry of Health through a database called DATASUS, population data from the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) and fleet data provided by DENATRAN (Traffic National Department). With this data, the desired indexes were calculated to each region and state in Brazil. To get to other countries indexes, data from WHO reports were used, to show the mortality of motorcyclists in traffic accidents in those countries. It was noticeable the significant increase of the mortality of motorcyclists in Brazil, during the analyzed period, just presenting an apparent stability from 2012. It was also noted that the Northeast region is a problematic one in this respect, presenting the highest rates both in relation to the population and in relation to the fleet for the last year analyzed (2016). The Southeast region had the lowest rates not only in 2016, but throughout the analyzed period. When comparing the Brazilian indexes to the indexes of other economic similar countries (between 2006 and 2016), it was clear that the Brazilian ones are usually higher, when these other countries were the ones that had reached a high income level in the established period. It was also observed a tendency for the motorcycle to be more present in the country's fleet when it has a lower income.
Influência da estrutura de estanhossílicas mesoporosas na isomerização da glicose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-30) Lorenti, Juliana Pimenta; Marques, Clelia Mara de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660; Gallo, Jean Marcel Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3485408327490746; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4127135869127019
The use of biomass in order to obtain chemicals and fuels that can substitute the fossil matrix has been investigated and treated with high interest. This way, the research in catalysis becomes essential to overpass barriers and to consolidate the use of such renewable sources. Tin silicas have been showed as a promisor candidates in glucose to fructose isomerization, given the fact the last hexose is very interesting regarding its conversion to HMF, a platform molecule with a high potential to substitute monomers obtained from fossil fuels. Therefore, this work has as objective to synthesize water-resistant catalysts, with Lewis acidity properties, high concentration of silanol groups and a high pore diameter, as a way of surpassing the limitations imposed by the Sn-Beta zeolite, which is the most studied catalyst for the isomerization reaction. This way, the effect of the synthesis parameters on Sn-MCM-41 and Sn-SBA-15 will be investigated. Furthermore, we seek to understand, by synthetizing Sn-MCM-48 and Sn-SBA-16, how the change in the mesoporous’ structures (M41S and SBA) influences the catalysts’ properties, in a way that the main goal is to suit the catalytic properties with the structural and textural properties. Increasing the acid concentration and the Sn loading led to a bimodal distribution of the unit cell parameter for the Sn-SBA-15, while for the Sn-MCM-48, the increase in the last parameter to 4,5% prevented the ordered formation of such material. Thus, the best synthesis parameters for the formation of a well-organized structure were 3,0% Sn for both Sn-SBA-15 and Sn-MCM-48 materials, and 0,049 mol L-1 for Sn-SBA-15. It was observed a good structural ordainment for the Sn-MCM-41 materials synthetized with NH4OH, while the same was not observed for the ones synthetized with TMAOH. The superficial area and the microporosity formation were not significantly affected by the synthesis parameters among the materials, but they were actually affected by the different scaffolds studied. A study regarding the catalytic activity of Sn-SBA-15 showed that the reaction depended on the identity of the solvent used, in a way that the initial TOF for fructose formation increased in the following order: methanol
Desenvolvimento de dispositivo microfluídico descartável contendo arranjos de biossensores para a determinação multiplexada de espécies de interesse biológico em diferentes matrizes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-30) Fava, Elson Luiz; Fatibello Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0721522437095061
16 sensing points for the construction of an array of biosensors. The components of this device have been individually evaluated and their construction design has been optimized for the best performance of the sensors. Once the good performance of µPBDMA was proven, the construction of the biosensor was then carried out to determine D-(+)-Glucose. Using the cyclic voltammetry technique for a D-(+)-Glucose Glucose solution, the highest peak currents obtained were for films containing carbon black CB, thus selecting this carbon nanomaterial in the manufacture of the biosensor. The analytical curve obtained showed a linear response range for D-(+)-Glucose concentrations from 0.1 to 40 mmol L-1, and a detection limit of 0.03 mmol L-1, showing the success of the proposed architecture of the built biosensor, being later used for the consolidation of the project proposal which is the analysis multiplexing using the µPBDMA. As an alternative to the enzymatic method for the determination of creatinine, a sensor was developed based on the complexation of the Fe3 + ion with the analyte, thus indirectly determining the concentration of creatinine in the sample by differential pulse voltammetry, monitoring the reduction of free Fe3 + (not complexed) to Fe2 +. This architecture was successfully applied on two platforms, using a low volume device (3 µL), obtaining a linear working range for creatinine (CNN) from 0.1 to 6.5 mmol L-1, with a limit detection of 0.043 mmol L-11. In µPBDMA, studies were performed sequentially with D-(+)-Glucose, creatinine and uric acid, obtaining linear ranges from 0.625 to 20 mmol L-1 for D-(+)-Glucose, from 0.106 to 4.500 mmol L-1 for creatinine and 0.047 to 3.000 mmol L-1 for uric acid, with detection limits of 0.12, 0.084 and 0.012 mmol L-1 for D-(+)-Glucose, creatinine and uric acid, respectively. Repeatability studies of the proposed system were carried out, with RSDs of less than 6.25% being obtained. Studies on the influence of potential interferents were also investigated, with the RDSs being less than 8.25%. In addition, the performance of µPBDMA was assessed using urine samples, obtaining recoveries between 97.4 and 104% for all biomarkers. A microfluidic device coupled to an immunosensor was also developed to detect high levels of PSA. For the use of this system, it was adapted to a Spinner, a toy that has a central bearing to rotate it around its axis. For this, a base with a rod was used and fixed to the Spinner bearing to use it as a centrifuge. This system was developed to load the solutions from the injection point to the disposal point and to separate the blood serum and red blood cells in capillary tubes. The results obtained for the determination of PSA by the immunosensor proved to be promising, given the good linear range obtained (0.5 to 25.0 ng mL-1), and also the detection limit (0.0014 ng mL-1) . The performance of the immunosensor was verified for synthetic human serum fortified with three different concentrations of PSA, obtaining good recoveries of the analyte.
Avaliação da pegada de escassez hídrica: um comparativo entre duas metodologias de pegada hídrica aplicada no campus Sorocaba da Universidade Federal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-30) Marins, Manoela Anechini Simões; Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8902697118886081
The water crisis has been highlighted on the international scene. Although the water available on the planet is sufficient to meet the demands, its poor distribution compromises the supply in various regions of the world and at specific times of the year. Several communities have been developing tools to estimate the potential impacts of water use by man, and a tool that is gaining prominence is the water footprint. Proposed by two communities, the Water Footprint Network (WFN) and the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) standardized by ISO 14046: 2017, the tool measures the appropriation of water resources by man and their impacts. Thus, this research aims to compare the two water footprint approaches and the application of the two methodologies in a Federal Institution of Higher Education (IFES) located in the Sorocaba River Basin, as a support for decision making. Although the two methodologies present consistent subsidies, the WFN focuses on the volume of water consumed, it is more efficient in raising awareness about the amount of water appropriate for man and less complex for application, however there are uncertainties regarding the calculation of the gray water footprint, because it does not assess the potential impact of the pollutant, but the amount of water needed for its dilution in the basin. ISO 14046: 2017 is more efficient in demonstrating the potential impacts and risks related to the use of water resources, but it is complex and requires greater efforts for application. The norm does not define the method leaving the subjective choice. In addition, the methodology does not include the use of green water. For the application on campus, the available data was sufficient to carry out the assessment of water scarcity from direct water use. In the application of the methodologies, the unsustainability of the basin was identified between the months of May and November in both methods, however, the LCA approach showed greater sensitivity in the result, presenting water scarcity in the annual basis, which did not occur in the WFN.
Por um repertório de práticas pedagógicas antirracistas na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-30) Santos, Érika Carolina Salomé de Figueiredo; Souza, Geraldo Tadeu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3516168011612531; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2315327586718451
This course conclusion paper aims to reflect on the construction of a repertoire of anti-racist pedagogical practices. In the first part, I try to show the paths taken before DCNERER (BRASIL,2004) and present practices that happened in the school before its implementation. I also seek to present how ethnic-racial relations take place in early childhood education and how anti-racist pedagogical practices can contribute to a future generation of less racist subjects. In the second part, I present the practices that happened after the implementation DCNERER (BRASIL,2004). Considering how the theme is discussed and worked through anti-racist practices in early childhood education, I try to present examples of some practices in dialogue with the BNCC so that we can build an initial repertoire of how these practices can contribute to the valorization of black children and in the construction of your positive self-identity. The main objective of building this repertoire is to contribute to my practice and that of my friends and my educating friends in the classroom. Thus, we can have a way of inserting the issue of ethnic-racial relations in our daily lives in a healthy and natural way, so that together we can contribute to the construction of future conscious subjects who respect their neighbors and are respected, regardless of their physical characteristics. , cultural and social.
Boa postura para alguns sistemas de equações dispersivas e para uma equação dispersiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-30) Pes, Ronaldo Bressan; Kondo, Cezar Issao; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0900348462714778; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714247356061726
The main aim of this work is to establish the well posedness for a dispersive partial differential equations systems and for a partial differential equation, with initial data belonging to Gevrey space. The proof relies on estimates in norms adapted to the linear part of the equations. In particular, estimates in Bourgain spaces are proven for the linear and nonlinear terms of the system and the main result is obtained by a contraction principle. The class of system in view contains a number of systems arising in the modeling of waves in fluids, stability and instability of solitary waves and models for wave propagation in physical systems where both nonlinear and dispersive effects are important. The techniques presented in this work were based in Grujić and Kalisch, see [21], who studied the well posedness of a IVP associated to a general equation, whose the initial data belongs to Gevrey spaces.
Quintais produtivos: do saber ao fazer segurança alimentar no assentamento Zumbi dos Palmares em Mari, Paraíba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-30) Soares, Ailsa Cristiane Arcanjo; Souza-Esquerdo, Vanilde Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9535960068552016; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0793307834437143
Productive backyards are multifunctional spaces that are very present in the context of family farming. These spaces present in the productions of the farming families their cultural characteristics, through specific techniques and also regional plants capable of guaranteeing the food security of the families. The present work was elaborated from a case study with the objective of verifying what is produced in the productive backyards in the Zumbi dos Palmares settlement in the municipality of Mari, in the state of Paraíba, analyzing its diversity and its contribution to food security and income of farming families. The methodology used was qualitative and quantitative and the instruments used were semi-structured interviews, as well as informal conversations in 41 batches of family farmers who had productive yards in the settlement. There was also a tour for a better observation of the productions as well as for the photographic records. In the results, we found 13 animal species, from seven different families and 87 plant species, with 45 different families, among fruit, medicinal and tuber species, totaling 100 species in general. We conclude that the productive backyards of the Zumbi dos Palmares settlement show that, even with the relatively low number of species, animals and vegetables, but with the presence of several fruit and food species in the region, families maintain local food security and improve the composition family income with the sale of surpluses.
A vida urbana transformada a partir da valoração da caminhabilidade. Explorações Urbanas em Zaragoza (ES)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-30) Oliveira, Liliane Torres de; Naya, Raimundo Bambó; Falcoski, Luiz Antonio Nigro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3200660670856698; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1856889753390631
Urban walkability, an insurgent topic in contemporaneity, brings us new perspectives for the qualitative improvement of the urban environment in relation to the human scale. Since the exacerbated growth of cities in the 20th century and the phenomenon of urban sprawl, the predominance of motorised transport as the main means of displacement, we have observed the unfair overlapping of pedestrian space by that modal and the consequent devaluation of public space. Theoretical debates on the subject, especially since the 1960s, have gradually promoted rethinking about cities, and the contemporary way of life in the social, economic and environmental sphere. In this multifaceted context, walkability stands out as a qualitative value because it is able to establish connections with the public space and develop the relationship of belonging with the city environment. In this way, this investigation was based on a dialectical analysis between concepts, theories and practical experiences of plans and projects as a way to identify the guidelines and the essential elements of design for the valuation of urban walkability. As a practical experience, the city of Zaragoza (Spain) has in recent years presented a development process in its plans, projects and urban requalifications, which culminated in new perspectives and spatial concreteness for walking with the Pedestrian Network. As a result, it was possible to synthesize the guidelines for the formation of the Pedestrian Network and the design elements for assessing walkability. In view of the complexity that urban walking encompasses, this study shows that the concept of the Pedestrian Network is the main way of valuing walking in the urban space, as this is the most egalitarian way of moving and experiencing our cities.
Compósitos reticulados de Eversa® Transform e nanopartículas magnéticas como biocatalisadores para a síntese de biodiesel em reator de fluxo em vórtices
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-30) Miranda, Letícia Passos; Tardioli, Paulo Waldir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6108902722681389
The enzymatic production of biodiesel is a promising alternative to the conventional production by the alkaline route in a homogeneous medium. The enzymatic process allows using raw material with any concentration of free fatty acids due to the specificity of the lipases and lower energy consumption, because the enzymes act at mild temperature conditions. The liquid formulations of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus, Eversa® Transform and Eversa® Transform 2.0, were launched by Novozymes A/S to be used in the biodiesel production in their free forms. After characterizing the two formulations, it was identified that both are very similar, differing in the greater thermal stability of the second formulation, which is used to give segment to this work. The immobilization of enzymes can improve theior performance in the production of biodiesel, in addition to enabling the recovery and reuse of the biocatalyst. In this work, Eversa lipase was immobilized by the technique of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs), a simple, economical and unsupported technique, capable of generating insoluble biocatalysts with high volumetric activity and improved stability. The preparation conditions were optimized in order to improve the properties of the biocatalyst. The nature of the precipitant and concentration of the crosslinking agent were evaluated. To improve the crosslinking step, bovine serum albumin (BSA), soy protein (SP) or polyethyleneimine (PEI) were co-precipitated and evaluated as co-feeders and additives. Starch (later enzymatically degraded) was used as a porogenic agent to reduce the diffusion limitations of the substrate. Magnetic silica nanoparticles functionalized with amino-octyl groups (MNPS) were also used to simplify the handling of CLEA, which are incorporated into the CLEAs by inter and/or intra crosslinks particle-enzyme with glutaraldehyde as bifunctional agent, but a great percentage of enzyme could also to be adsorbed on the nanoparticle surface before the aggregation step. The best CLEA was prepared using PEI, starch and MNPS (Eversa m-CLEA). Under these conditions, the biocatalyst showed an immobilization yield of 98.9%, recovered activity of 30.1%, a porous structure, and a thermal stability at 70°C around 40-fold higher than that of the free enzyme. In the transesterification reaction of refined soybean oil with anhydrous ethanol (molar ratio oil/ethanol 1:6), the best performance obtained was using 12 Uest/oil of Eversa m- CLEA at 40ºC. A mass yield of 89.8% of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) was found after 12 h of reaction, while the soluble enzyme required 48 h of reaction to give the same yield. A caustic polishing step of the product yielded a biodiesel containing 98.9 wt.% of FAEEs and a content of free fatty acids (FFAs) below 0.25 wt.%, meeting the international standards of a biodiesel to be commercialized as biofuel. The immobilized biocatalyst could be reused for at least five cycles of 12 h, maintaining 89.6% of the first-cycle mass yield, showing the efficient recovery of the catalyst by applying an external magnetic field. From an experimental design (DCCR)23 , it was possible to define a range of optimized values to produce enzymatic biodiesel using also Eversa m-CLEA, however in the transesterification of raw materials oil, degummed soy oil, and hydrated ethanol. At a molar ratio oil/ethanol of 1:6, 4 Uest/oil at 40 ºC, a mass yield of 81.45 wt.% of FAEEs, with a FFAs content of 3.9 wt.% was obtained after 24h of reaction. After a caustic polishing, a yield of 89.88 wt.% of FAEEs with a FFAs content of 0.17 wt.% was obtained. The use of Eversa m-CLEA, a biocatalyst that is easy to recover and reuse, together with unrefined raw materials with lower added value, is a promising combination to contribute to the economic viability of the enzymatic route, aiming to make it competitive to the traditional alkaline route.
Práticas declaradas por professores e gestores sobre o ensino de matemática: estudo de uma escola com alto índice na Prova Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-30) Thomé, Roberto Jefferson; Gama, Renata Prenstteter; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153572041829838; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3434253238980710
This research has as general objective to identify and understand the declared practices of polyvalent teachers and managers about the teaching of mathematics in a municipal public school in the city of Rio Claro in the interior of the state of São Paulo, which presents high rates in external evaluations. The theoretical analysis of this work was based on the related themes on the theme and in Tardif (2014) and Gauthier (2013) on teaching knowledge, in Shulman apud Mizukami (2004) on knowledge base and in Serrazina (1999), Pais (2013) and Nacarato; Mengali; Passos (2017) on Mathematics Education in the early years. A survey of the main legal documents related to the topic was carried out. Methodologically, the study was based on the qualitative interpretative approach. The research had the voluntary participation of twelve teachers and two managers of the selected school. For this, we used as a data collection instrument mixed questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. For data analysis, we used the data triangulation technique with the intersection of information and built the following categories: continuing education in mathematics, external evaluation, development of mathematics teaching challenges and possibilities in mathematics teaching, teacher training development. As a result of the triangulation of the interview data from the questionnaires, documents and theoretical contributions, we verified the declared practices of teachers and managers presented the following indications: development of simulations, training practices involving chess, development of reading practice for the resolution of problems at the Brazil Math Test, lower teacher turnover, knowledge sharing, development of school planning based on the data acquired at Brazil Tasting, with the development of logical reasoning activities and challenges, teaching materials available within the school environment. All of these indications may have contributed to the development of mathematics education and the results of the educational unit in the Basic Education Assessment System (SAEB). We also observed in these manifestations some challenges pointed out by teachers and managers, such as the lack of mastery of the content to be taught, the absence of courses focused on the area of mathematics, lack of knowledge to deal with the target audience of Specialized Educational Assistance (AEE) and the lack of space for sharing the knowledge of the experience. The results indicate the need for a continuous training policy focused on the area of mathematics for teachers and managers in the municipal network.
Influência de múltiplos fatores no desaguamento de lodo de ETA em leitos de drenagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-30) Minatel, Matheus Morais; Reis, Renan Felicio dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1840510720475585; Achon, Cali Laguna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0307406069325793; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9999687284213012
The sludge generated in Water Treatment Plants (WTP) has a high moisture content, normally greater than 95%, and is considered to be solid waste according to Law 12,305/2010, which foresees non-generation and reduction of solid waste as priorities, closely followed by reuse and recycling. The volume reduction of WTP sludge can be carried out through dewatering, a process consisting of the removal of free water, which is supernatant and can be found in the interstices of solids, using natural or mechanical systems. Among the natural dewatering systems, Draining Beds (DB) have shown promise, however, the process needs to be further researched. Thus, the main objective of this research was to study the influence of multiple factors, such as sludge solids content, sludge layer height, solids application rate (SAR) and different types of geotextiles, during the free water drainage stage of the dewatering process using DB. For this purpose, a Draining Bed system was built at bench scale, with a total of 335 drainage simulations being carried out, using 6 different types of geotextiles; 6 raw sludge total solids (TS) contents and 5 sludge layer heights. The analysis of the results allowed us to conclude that the stabilization of a pre-filter formed by the sedimentation of solids present in the sludge has an overriding role in the drainage process compared to the role of the different types of geotextiles. It was also concluded that the TS content of the raw sludge has an indirect relationship with the final percentage of drained liquid; the beds with higher SAR had higher percentages of good quality drained liquid and registered longer times until the end of free water flow; the drainage in beds with small sludge layer height and low levels of TS is not very efficient in promoting good quality drained liquids; the filter opening in the geotextile fabric is related to the promotion of drained liquids with high apparent color rates; and the characterization of the different types of sludges, mainly regarding particle size distribution and composition, can influence the drainage process.
Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation associated with dynamic exercise on functional capacity and heart rate variability after bariatric surgery: a randomized, double-blind and sham-controlled trial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-30) Ricci, Paula Angélica; Di Thommazo-Luporini, Luciana; Jurgensen, Soraia Pilon; André, Larissa Delgado; Haddad, Guilherme Focchi; Arena, Ross; Silva, Audrey Borghi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0234035256976156; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3990285037066747; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7009295438910018; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0450624418380267; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895