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Design participativo para o envelhecimento saudável: engajar usuários mais velhos a uma vida urbana ativa impulsionada por jogos digitais lúdicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-10)
Campos, Lucas Bueno de
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Castro, Paula Costa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3790263464498111
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0488541659728913
Older adults tend to be underactive, which is a risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases, which are equally painful for the individual as they are costly to the public health system. Maintaining levels of physical activity throughout life is a motivational challenge. Digital tools have been used to change this pattern, such as smartphone apps to support physical activity; but in-depth research on personalization is lacking to drive sedentary behavior change, considering what end users really want. Objective: To propose the concept and design vision of a new mobile physical activity application (PAUL) used in urban areas. Method: A qualitative focus group study was carried out, involving by prototype co-design; 24 volunteers divided into 2 focus groups from two Brazilian cities: São Carlos - elderly people who are not users of an app for physical activity and Santos (adults over 35, app users). The following procedures were performed: (i) baseline assessments; (ii) a focus group (iii) develop activities with both groups to redesign the Prototype. Data analysis: Thematic content analysis was performed. Results: the development of physical activity applications in urban environments, for people over 35 years old, should consider the following resources: custom-made and customizable application. Younger adults prefer resources such as self-monitoring, goal setting and social influence. Older adults prefer a simple interface, with self-monitoring, goal setting and reminders. This study provided recommendations for translating motivational strategies theoretically embedded in functional elements that can guide the development of health interventions to engage urban residents in an active urban life.
Avaliação das leveduras Torulaspora globosa e Trichosporon asahii no controle da podridão negra em frutos de tomate
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-10)
Dorta, Caroline
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Rosa Magri, Márcia Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4166319985147604
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1315166264090327
Post-harvest rot has been responsible for losses by producers, a fact which has limited the commercialization of agricultural products for consumption in natura, fruits and vegetables. The fungus Alternaria alternata is the cause of black rot in post-harvest tomatoes; its control is carried out with fungicides, which contributes to the need for alternatives that present less risk to human health. In that context, yeasts have been studied as biological control agents in fruits. Considering the above, the objective of this research was to determine the potential of the yeasts Trichosporon asahii (3S44) and Torulaspora globosa (5S55) in the control of the fungus A. alternata in tomato fruits. The production of organic compounds volatile (VOCs) was evaluated using closed containers with the inoculated fruit with A. alternata spores, uncovered Petri dishes inoculated with T cells. asahii or T. globosa, and a gauze moistened with sterile distilled water. To the evaluation of yeast survival in the fruit wound, formulations with T. asahii or T.globosa and Tween 80 vehicles, saline, corn starch, colorless gelatin and sodium alginate were inoculated into the tomato wounds, and after 48 hours the portion of the injured region for dilution and plating. The control of the fungus by yeast in the fruit was evaluated by inoculating T. globosa cells in the wounds, and after 3 hours, spores of A. alternata. After 7 days, evaluations of the outer and inner diameter and qualitative assessments. As a result, it was observed in the test of volatile compounds the internal control of the progress of rot in the treatment with T. globosa and decreased spore production in the presence of T. asahii. O corn starch and the yeast Torulaspora globosa showed the best survival results of yeast in the fruit. In the in vivo test of fungus control, the treatment with the yeast T. globosa differed statistically from the control treatment both in relation to external and internal symptom, in addition to decreased production of mycelium. Therefore, the observed results showed that the yeast T. globosa has the potential to control the Alternaria alternata fungus in tomato fruits.
Cuidar/educar: formação de profissionais de creche em contexto de Extensão Universitária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-10)
Martins, Andressa de Oliveira
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Sommerhalder, Aline
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4775432120371947
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236537649957580
This research is the result of a University Extension course aimed at caring/educating at the daycare center. The course was created for professionals who work with babies and young children in a municipal daycare center in the city of São Carlos, SP. We hypothesize that University Extension can be an important opportunity for teacher education, especially for changing and expanding conceptions about teaching in the daycare center, with an emphasis on caring and education. How can a University Extension course contribute to the training of professionals working in early childhood education, especifically with regard to the meanings attributed by the participants about caring and education? This thesis proposes a University Extension Course to analyze how it contributes to the training of professionals working in this scenario. We adopted a theoretical framework on the themes of early childhood education, caring and teacher training. In the field of early childhood education, we rely on legislation, official documents and authors who discuss the bond and credit the child with rights, understanding pedagogical action as a shared activity. We anchor in references that understand teacher training as something permanent and contextualized. With a qualitative approach, the investigation was carried out based on a case study in the scope of intervention. The organization of this action took place in three stages: 1 - Characterization of the group, survey of training needs and initial understandings about caring/educating in early childhood; 2 - Intervention based on the needs presented in the first stage; 3 - Analysis of care/educating after the second stage. We adopted the focus group for the main analysis, with footage and transcriptions of images and audio. This research was conducted in a Municipal Center for Early Childhood Education (CEMEI), having as participants the 25 professionals involved in the Extension course. Data organization was carried out through content analysis. These were organized into three thematic categories: “Understanding caring/educating in Early Childhood Education”; “Training of Professionals in Early Childhood Education in a University Extension Activity”; "Perspectives, reflections and understandings about caring/educating in Early Childhood Education". The results showed that initially the research participants understood the care in the daycare center associated with welfarism. Through participation in the University Extension course, they expanded their understanding on care/education as inseparable and anchored in human relations based on the affection, respect and listening of babies and young children. The University Extension proved to be a privileged opportunity for teacher education as a way to transform and improve their conceptions and practices. This researched proposed how to run an extension course, based on listening to teachers about their difficulties and demands, allowing them to reflect collaboratively on theories and practices. We intend to show that training is accomplished in context and that these professionals are historically situated subjects. That is why the partnership between university and the public education network is necessary and effective, providing quality education that cares/educates these professionals and that impacts teaching.
Mal-estar entre professores em início de carreira diante de pressões do Saresp
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-10)
Silva, Natália Menin da
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Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7494119639272185
This study aims to comprehend the pressures faced by teachers in the beginning of their careers within the school environment while pursuing the bonus from Saresp (Evaluation System of Learning Performance of the State of São Paulo), and also to grasp which are the premises that benefit (or not) the valorization of those professionals. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with teachers who had up until five years of teaching experience in two state schools of basic education I and II, both in the city of São Carlos, SP. Those schools are used to receiving the Saresp bonus, a cash prize given to the teachers rewarding the “learning” of their students. The results were achieved through the qualitative methodology as a tool to analyze the interviews as well as its contents. In order to substantiate the research, Critical Theory and some of its thinkers were employed, especially regarding discussions of autonomy, emancipation and conformism. The study confirms that the pressures experienced by the teachers in the analyzed schools are in fact resulting from the state educational system’s demands, which end up causing tensions among the teachers who prepare their students to achieve Saresp’s desired goals. Such pressure initially causes a feeling of uneasiness, affecting newcomers, however, after some time of work, it can also be identified as an inherent feeling of the teaching/learning process, besides the “race” against time to meet the expectations of the bonus’ policy. It is clear the control of the administered world, which prescribes the teacher’s consciousness, making them relate with what has been imposed to them and meeting Saresp’s goals to receive the bonus, which forces said professionals to abide by the existing domination process. And even when teachers ponder about the damages caused by the oppressive work dynamics, through the impositions of the state educational system as well as other dynamics within the school, they don’t quit this identification with the prevailing values of a society that imposes such structure, emphasizing an adaptation to the dominant system. Consequently, the full training, in other words, the real education, which presents itself to the educational system as the possibility of emancipation and autonomy is, in fact, a semi education. Education moves away from its essential value, the real enlightenment. Thus, the teacher ends up conforming within the current situation and all of their pedagogical practices become exploited into this logic. Such pedagogical practices end up curbing the development of critical thinking and autonomy, which result in adaptation and conformism, in the other words, semi education.
Análise da dinâmica vertical de um protótipo baja SAE para dimensionamento da suspensão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-10)
Zucolotto, João Victor
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Malavolta, Alexandre Tácito
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8477313173581967
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6787521261043697
The present work lists and explains the main considerations for the suspension design of a mini Baja off-road prototype, based on the modeling and multibody analysis of its vertical dynamics. The work includes both the front and rear suspension, in which parameters of stiffness and damping and their respective influences on the behavior of the suspension and the vehicle are analyzed. It is an iterative process of simulations with the objective of establishing ideal values of parameters in order to obtain a dynamic behavior close to the expected one within the limitations imposed on this type of vehicle, such as the competition regulations for example. An improvement in vehicle performance is expected, and, for this type of vehicle, this boils down to high capacity to overcome obstacles combined with minimizing of the efforts transmitted to other car subsystems, including the driver. Several conditions which are found in the competition environment and considered to be among the most critical ones are simulated. The terrain type the car is subjected to, the types of tests and obstacles in competitions, as well as the characteristics of tires, shock absorbers and springs are the parameters of the greatest importance. The UFSCar Baja Team does not have a properly documented suspension project that will serve as a basis for future performance studies and improvements. The objective of this work is the adequate development of the vertical dynamics project of the suspension of the UFSCar Baja, using design methodologies such as: analysis of dynamic systems, design documentation and computer simulations. As a result, it is expected to obtain a suspension proposal that satisfies the demands of the UFSCar Baja project.
Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF): discutindo potencialidades e fragilidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-10)
Silva, Luís Eduardo de Oliveira
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Figueiredo, Wagner dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5780408703746760
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-299X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7568780855612938
This research aimed to study the meanings of the Family Health Support Centers (NASF) in the Unified Health System (SUS), taking as a reference the scientific production on the subject since its creation and the performance of a NASF according to the health workers of a municipality in the interior of São Paulo. Created through the ordinance nº154 of January 24, 2008, the NASF aims to expand the actions of prevention and health promotion within the territories. Its proposal is exactly to qualify these spaces of care and health assistance, having as target public the teams and subjects of a certain territory, this way, contributing for the performance in Basic Care to be carried out in a qualified way, expanding the resolutiveness and generating good results. Methodologically, it is characterized as a qualitative study, through the case study. The research project was approved and authorized by the UFSCar's Committee of Ethics in Research with Human Beings and also approved by the Municipal Health Secretariat. The study was divided into two articles, the first of which is a bibliographical review, where a reflection of the ten years of creation and implementation of NASF in Brazil, from 2008 to 2018, is made. The second article presents the results of the field research, carried out in the first NASF in the countryside of São Paulo that started its work in March 2008. The discussion of the results showed that the team faces some difficulties to perform its work, such as management support, lack of proper space and understanding of Basic Care about its role. The lack of understanding by municipal managers about the work and the objectives of NASF in Basic Health Care is also highlighted.
É doce, mas não é mole, não!: Representações sociais dos canavieiros alagoanos sobre o processo de “modernização” agrícola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-10)
Lima, José Rodolfo Tenório
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Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0934203685819594
Agricultural modernization through the mechanization of harvest presents itself as an expanding reality in the sugarcane fields of Brazil. The substitution of manual labor for machines has direct implications on work processes. Much is already known about what modernization is from a business perspective – for it is the entrepreneurs themselves who modernize – and what impacts the hegemonic ways of implementing it have on workers; but little is known about the meaning of modernization for subjects who are directly impacted by such actions. Therefore, the question that leads the research is: How do the subjects linked to the sugarcane world interpret and attribute meaning to the process of agricultural modernization that has been occurring in the sugar cane fields of Alagoas? The methodological path of the research has its predominance in the qualitative approach. However, it has also mobilized quantitative strategies when it was necessary. The research field took place in the state of Alagoas and the microregion of São Miguel dos Campos was the chosen territory. Within this micro-region, it was chosen as a research strategy to pick a production unit to carry out a case study. The survey data was collected from interviews (31 in total), field trips, access to government documents and databases, and entities representing the sector. To carry out the analysis, the collected and/or constructed data was compared and contrasted from the primary and secondary sources with the selected reference bibliography. The Theory of Social Representations was the theoretical choice made to help in understanding the subjectivities of workers on the modernization that took place in the sugarcane fields. From the outset, the representations are social, as they are developed from the context in which the subjects are inserted. Given this premise, three levels were investigated: national / regional, state and local. For the national / regional context, the exclusionary modernization process was identified, as the changes, resulting from the technological incorporation that allow the mechanization of work processes, have generated a great reduction in manual labor. In the local context, Alagoas, there is a type of modernization here called retarded, since archaic and modern go hand in hand. Finally, in the local context, the plant chosen for the case study presented itself as the most mechanized in the state. From this context, the investigated subjects positively represent modernization as an event that has enabled: a) better working conditions; b) higher yields; and c) greater professional development. However, the same event also presented, on the part of the interviewed subjects, a negative side, linked to the enormous unemployment that the technological incorporation generates. Thus, this type of representation was here called “rapadura”, because the popular saying that tries to express the multidimensionality of phenomena was used here: it is sweet, but it is not soft!. “Sweet” for a few and hard for many. Oxygenating the debate involving the world of sugarcane work based on the understanding of those directly involved in the modernization process is the contribution expected by the research.
Preparation and characterization of bionanocomposites based on protein and cellulose nanocrystals by continuous casting
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-11)
Leite, Liliane Samara Ferreira
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Moreira, Francys Kley Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7156680316782417
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Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
This Ph.D. thesis covers the production and characterization of gelatin-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) bionanocomposite films intended for multifunctional food packaging. The up-scalability of the gelatin/CNCs films was attained by continuous casting and the rheological parameters of the film-forming solutions and drying temperature required to produce 12 m film/h were established. The continuous casting processing was proven to be advantageous when compared to the bench solution casting method. Tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis, and water vapor permeability analysis showed that the continuously cast gelatin/CNCs films had exceptionally better performance than the films obtained by bench casting. The physical and structural properties of the gelatin/CNCs bionanocomposites as tailored by pH-dependent electrostatic interactions were investigated. The suitability of CNCs was successfully extended by functionalization with rosin (r-CNCs), thus giving rise to antimicrobial reinforcing agents. Tensile test and antimicrobial analysis showed that r-CNCs served as bacterial nanofillers in gelatin-based films, which otherwise would suffer from limited physical and biological properties. Plant-derived tannic acid was successfully used as an antioxidant and bactericidal additive, as another perspective of extending the potential of the gelatin/CNCs films as a packaging material. Non-oxidized tannic acid favored non-covalent interactions and intermolecular connections between gelatin, CNCs, and tannic acid. These physico chemical interactions showed to have a greater influence on the antioxidant and physical properties of gelatin/CNCs/Tannic acid films. This thesis provides a comprehensive understanding of how CNCs can be explored to develop biodegradable films based on gelatin with enhanced properties or extra functionalities. A continuous solution casting was applied for scaling up the production of gelatin/CNCs-based films making them highly desirable for packaging applications.
Práticas educativa e pedagógica dos professores que ensinam matemática: um estudo a partir dos trabalhos do ENEM e ENDIPE
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-11)
Santos, Cicero Inacio dos
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Nakayama, Bárbara Cristina Moreira Sicardi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9746628149674449
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7237845853370358
This master thesis aims to guide and characterize the pedagogical and educational practices of the teacher who teaches Mathematics from the annals of the Encontro Nacional de Educação Matemática (ENEM) and the Encontro Nacional de Didática e Prática de Ensino (ENDIPE), in addition to having carried out a initial mapping in the Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Dissertações e Teses (BDBDT) e da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), so we have a total of 14 theses and dissertations and 107 articles. The methodology of this master thesis is quantitative-qualitative and a systematic review was carried out based on the considerations of Falbo, Souza and Felizardo (2017). The production of the mapping was carried out from the file of each research and article, where in the first we used the abstracts as a basis and in the second, we made the file highlighting the author, title, studied theme, problem or research question (when present), objectives, theoretical framework, methodological procedures and main results obtained. The results show that the pedagogical and educational practice can be guided in 6 axes, from the theses and dissertations, and 4 guiding axes from the articles, in which two have already appeared in the mapping of theses and dissertations. In addition, with a new regrouping, we were able to look at the characterization of pedagogical and educational practices, based on what the authors brought as methodologies, and based on authors who debate pedagogical and educational practices in the context of didactics, such as Libâneo (1990); Franco (2016) and Bandeira and Ibiapina (2014),which shows us that they are related to the processes and methodologies used by the teacher who teaches Mathematics to achieve the goal. learning by students, intentionally. These practices are guided and characterized in the relationship with teacher training, continued or initial, in their influence on students' learning, in addition to being related to the use of didactic resources for teaching and learning (educational technologies, games, problem solving, interdisciplinarity), with the reflection and conception of teachers about their own practice, since pedagogical practice is one of the aspects of educational practice. In this bias, a gap that appeared in the works and that was the motivation that triggered this research is, perhaps, the understanding that pedagogical and educational practices are the same concepts, so it opens precepts for new studies in this area, in addition, there were few works from the perspective of talking about educational practice, the subject of experiences, whether from the teacher or the student, for teaching Mathematics and the context in which the student is inserted becomes more present.
Mulheres em trânsitos poligâmicos: uma leitura de O alegre canto da perdiz, de Paulina Chiziane
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-11)
Carvalho, Larissa Peres Vitti de
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Valentim, Jorge Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427303771174064
;
https://wwws.cnpq.br/cvlattesweb/PKG_MENU.menu?f_cod=C60D14BD96B4F38A5AA8F2242628D944#
This research aims to analyze the novel O alegre canto da perdiz (2008), by Mozambican writer Paulina Chiziane, through a reading on the thematic axis of polygamy, seeking to observe its preponderance within the fictional constructions of her literary project. Taking as a starting point of discussion some theoretical and conceptual assumptions of post-coloniality and their connections with the articulation of the theme under study, the intention here is to investigate and demonstrate how the novel invests in reflecting on the role of women within the Mozambican society.
Processos de tornar-se pesquisadora da própria experiência: indícios narrativos de professoras que ensinam matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-11)
Leandro, Everaldo Gomes
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Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2297203444364327
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8396222420157779
Camille was born in the city of Getúlio Vargas in Rio Grande do Sul. Nádia is from Minas Gerais just like me. Maria Auxiliadora, or rather, Dora Megid is from São Paulo. Camille studied while her parents were at the mate's wheel. Dora Megid was a very good student in mathematics and was literate in the Montessori method. Nádia lost her father at a very young age and he said things like: a woman has to study to be someone in life. Camille learned to play the piano. Dora Megid and Nádia have grandchildren. Camille lived in Curitiba, Nádia in Porto Velho. Camille earned a bachelor's degree and read texts in other languages. Dora Megid studied at a school for nuns. Nádia suffered to get a job during the Military Dictatorship, while Dora Megid took to the streets to protest. At that time, Camille was not even born. A priest was an example for Nádia. Lots of memories... But what do these women have in common? Camille, Nádia and Dora Megid, each following their own path, became teachers who teach mathematics and research their own experiences. The present study aimed to understand the processes of becoming a researcher of her own experience based on the narrative evidence left by these teachers. Narrative clues are the clues and signs found in the narratives of Camille, Nádia and Dora Megid. The narrative evidence made it possible to answer the question: how did teachers who teach mathematics become researchers of their own experience? The teachers' narratives confirmed the following thesis: “being a teacher who teaches mathematics in the 21st century, for the participants of this research, is related to the construction of a professional posture that understands the need to be a researcher of her own experience, considering objective and subjective conditions of life that enable processes of becoming a research teacher”. To face a narrative is to be surprised...
Efeitos da Lei Maria da Penha na Região Sudeste
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-11)
Oliveira, Amanda Torres de
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Moura, Maria Sílvia de Assis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9410151859448447
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0646396459732644
In Brazil, records of domestic violence and femicide are considered very high and represent one of the most expressive forms of violence in the country. It is of interest to investigate the behavior of these registered numbers, because with the information collected and from the analysis it can become a possible starting point to motivate new interventions, these being through public policies that seek to change the scenario current in relation to femicide and violence in the domestic environment. One of these interventions occurred with the creation of the Maria da Penha law in 2006, for the study in question, the objective is to describe and apply time series and regression techniques. with structural change to analyze the changes caused by the law in the Southeast region of Brazil.
Inferência em grafos aleatórios exponenciais através de métodos MCMC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-11)
Lima, Guilherme Antonio Alves de
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Cerqueira, Andressa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1934493281651316
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7738629170117896
In this work we study statistical inference methods for random graphs. In particular, we study the Exponential Random Graph Model and we study Bayesian estimator based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. We apply the inferential method to model the Brazilian Airport Network.
Análise numérica de lajes alveolares protendidas submetidas ao esforço cortante com a presença de aberturas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-11)
Silva, Igor Pacchioni Cândido da
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Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4526141281957025
The use of prestressed precast hollow core slabs has intensified as technological advances, and as part is manufactured in industry, this element needs adjustments during its application, as for example, when need openings in the hollow core panels. Therefore, the presente study aims to analyze the structural behavior of the shear test of prestressed hollow core slabs with front openings. For that, a methodology for the shear test was proposed with the ABAQUS® software using the finite element method, seeking the total representation of the manufacturing process and loading of the hollow core panel, from the prestressing application step, prestressing step and final loading step, using the tools available in the software for this. Initially, a reference hollow core slab without openings was modeled for the validation of the methodology and later the methodology was applied to hollow core slabs with central and lateral opening, comparing the results according to experimental studies already presented in the national technical literature. In this way, it was possible to understand the behavior of hollow core slabs with front openings when subjected to the shear test. Finally, the results demonstrated that the openings significantly influence the redistribution of the stresses of the web, and for the hollow core slab with central opening the rupture occurred in the web adjacent to the opening, and for the hollow core slab with lateral opening the rupture occurred in the web the end. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that the openings intensify the main tension stresses of the webs, being responsible for the diagonal tension rupture of the models, in addition to decreasing the resistant capacity of the panels by 27.25% for the case of the central opening and 50, 22% for the most critical case of the lateral opening.
Estudo de metodologias e materiais para barreira reativa permeável (BRP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-11)
Ikuta, Leticia Ayumi
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Menezes, Denise Balestrero
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329605467080208
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3048294873531810
Due to increasing environmental contamination by human activity, interventions are necessary to minimize damage in soil, aquifers and rivers, either preventing or hindering the dissemination of contaminants in the environment. One of the methods used to help to contain these harmful substances is Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB), which can be constituted by different materials. Many of them from recycling such as rice husk charcoal. This study aimed to gather research data on PBR, as well as its applicability, and therewith the author discussed the different types of materials, their applicability and overall potential of this technology. From twenty four selected researches, sixteen submitted diverse reactive materials laboratorial results of which seven were studding for hydrocarbons retention, seven for heavy metals retention and two for nitrogen retention. The experimental difficulties and their authors' suggestions were indicated for the continuation of the research in order to obtain a material and a suitable method for field application. It is interesting to observe that the other eight studies presented PRB applications in the environment, and five of them used only metal as a reactive material, even with the diversity in the materials that had been studied until then. This research proved that PRBs, in general, have favorable results for their usage, decreasing concentration of the contaminants proposed for their execution. Also could be verified PRBs diverse function when explore the materials, its applicabilities and their adequation in shapes and function, however, investment is still needed to continue the work, as well as incentives to have more field application and generate more thorough results of a technology with so much potential.
Avaliação da atividade citotóxica de complexos fosfínicos de Ru(II) com ligantes mercaptos e aciltioureias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-11)
Ribeiro, Gabriel Henrique
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3701616795598511
In this thesis, two series of new Ru-phosphine complexes containing mercapto or acylthiourea ligands were synthesized, characterized and assessed their cytotoxic activities. The first series is composed of five complexes of general formula [Ru(NS)(dphppy)(dppb)]PF6 (AMP1-AMP5) [dpphpy = diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine, NS = 2-mercaptopyridine (pyS; AMP1), 2-thiazoline-2-thiol (tzdt; AMP2), 6-mercaptopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (mpca, AMP3), 2-mercaptopyrimidine (pySm, AMP4) and 4,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidine (damp, AMP5); dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane]. In the second series, complexes present the general formula [Ru(OS)(dphppy)(dppb)]PF6 (SPPM2-SPPM6) [OS= N,N-(dimethyl)-N'-benzoylthiourea (dmbth; SPPM2), N, N-(diethyl)-N'-benzoylthiourea (debth, SPPM3), N,N-(dipropyl)-N'-benzoylthiourea (SPPM4), N,N-(dibutyl)-N'-benzoylthiourea (dbbth, SPPM5), N,N-(diphenyl)-N'-benzoylthiourea (dpbth, SPPM6)]. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV/Visible, 1D and 2D NMR) and X-ray diffraction. In the characterization, the correlation between the phosphorous atoms with their respective aromatic hydrogens of the compounds in the assignment stands out, by 1H-31P HMBC experiments. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes was evaluated against cell lines derived from human tumors, MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) and A549 (lung cancer) and against non-tumoral human cell lines derived from lung MCR-5 and breast MCF-10A. The compounds showed good to excellent anticancer activities against cancer cell lines, with IC50 values significantly lower than the free ligands and cisplatin. For A549 tumor cells, the complexes with mercaptos had IC50 values in the range of 0.12-2.59 µM, and the complexes with acylthiourea in the range of 0.10-0.98 µM. In the breast tumor cells, IC50 values were in the range of 0.08-0.36 µM and 0.25-1.05 µM for the AMP and SPPM series, respectively. All complexes were also selective for tumor cells in comparison to the respective non-tumoral cell lines. The complexes with acylthiourea showed expressive selectivity toward lung tumor cells, with selectivity indexes (SI) values above (or equal to) 10. The compounds AMP4 (SI= 6.7) and SPPM4 (SI= 33) were chosen for further studies in lung tumor cells, due to the better selectivity index in their respective series. Both complexes were able to inhibit colony formation and alter the morphology of tumor cells A549. In the cell cycle analysis of the cells, the complexes induced an accumulation of cells with abnormal content, called Sub-G1 cells, which represents the fraction of dead cells and fragmented DNA. The fragmentation of DNA is due to the cell apoptosis process, confirmed for cells treated with the AMP4. For A549 cells treated with the SPPM4 complex, possibly other cell death processes are involved. The possible biological targets of the complexes that could act as triggers for the cell death process were also studied. The complexes presented weak reversible interactions via minor groove of the DNA. The complexes caused no significant changes in the tertiary and secondary DNA structures, indicating that this biomolecule is probably not the primary target for them. Study with enzymatic target, especially targets overexpressed in tumor cells that justify the cytotoxic activity of the compounds were carried out. And it was found that the complexes are capable of partially inhibiting the Top IB catalytic activity, at low concentrations, close to the IC50 values of cancer cell lines. Overall, the proteasome enzyme can be a biological target for these complexes. The results indicate that ruthenium complexes containing mercaptos or acylthiourea present promising cytotoxic activities for the development of chemotherapeutics for the treatment of cancer. Among the complexes assayed in HEK293T-uGFP cells, complex AMP5 was able to diminish the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity to a greater extent, indicating that the proteasome 26S enzyme can be a biological target of the compound.
Sequência didática para abordagem da Segunda Lei da Termodinâmica no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-11)
Nogueira, Mauro Rodrigues Alves
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Souza, James Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5933772773994964
A very common characteristic of science education curricula is the expectation that students learn the proposed scientific content, its methodologies and about science itself, which includes its nature, its interaction with society and different cultures, its history and how these are different from non-scientific approaches. The use of historical context combined with experimentation in physics classes can significantly contribute to demonstrate the relationship between science and a wider world of ideas, and can motivate students to explore contemporary issues. In this work we consider the historical context to discuss the evolution of some concepts of thermodynamics, such as caloric and its consideration in Carnot's work, the emergence of heat terminology, the importance of heat engines in the industrial revolution until the establishment of the second law of thermodynamics and its most modern conception through the concept of entropy. In order to demonstrate such concepts, two experiments were used, the drinking bird and Hero's Aeolipile (Hero's engine), usually considered as the first known heat engine. The concept of heat engine was explored by the students using the second law of thermodynamics in order to verify whether the two experiments can be considered as heat engines. Through this approach and the experimental tests carried out, it was possible to show that the drinking bird is a heat engine and an excellent didactic device for the treatment of the second law of thermodynamics in the classroom, while Hero's Aeolipile cannot be considered as such. The latter can be considered as the first steam action and reaction turbine prototype in history, being useful to discuss how a rotational motion can be produced through thermal energy and pressurized steam. The activities were conducted in the classroom using the Flipped Classroom methodology, in which the moments and roles of teaching can be inverted and the content, usually taught by the teacher, can be watched in school time by the student using multimedia tools. The practical activities, normally assigned to be done at home, were carried out in the classroom in an interactive and collaborative manner. Our proposal was successful in the classroom, motivating the students to participate more actively during the activities. It has also enabled a treatment of more complex subjects of thermodynamics such as the concept of entropy. Our educational product consists of a teaching sequence to approach several concepts of thermodynamics, with particular attention to the second law of thermodynamics. It was prepared in a simplified language to better assist the high school physics teacher.
Intervenção baseada em mindfulness e psicoeducação para mulheres com histórico de violência pelo parceiro íntimo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-12)
Dantas, Amanda Soares
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D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381029115416584
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6160345498552345
The literature in the area of intimate partner violence (IPV) indicates that women who have experienced violence are more likely to develop psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. In addition, risk factors present in the community and society contribute to the perpetuation and re-victimization of women. Thus, an intervention for this population needs to take into consideration an educational and therapeutic perspective. Interventions using psychoeducation about IPV and mindfulness meditation have shown promising results to deal with the effects of IPV and, at the same time, teach skills such as acceptance of difficult feelings and non-judgmental contemplation of the present moment. This paper aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an individual intervention program in women with a history of IPV. Four participants with a history of IPV were recruited to participate in this study. One of them did not complete the intervention. Twelve individual sessions of about one hour divided into two modules were conducted: psychoeducation (4 sessions) and mindfulness (8 sessions). Assessments of depression and anxiety symptoms, with the Beck scales (BDI-II and BAI), as well as of mindfulness components (acceptance and awareness) were conducted at different moments of the intervention. To check whether the changes were clinically significant, the JT Method was used. The data indicated a decrease in depression and anxiety symptoms over the sessions, but clinically significant change only for anxiety symptoms. Analysis of the sessions indicated that the content addressed by the participants concerned their own history of violence, perceptions about meditating, and feedback from the intervention. It is discussed that this intervention model appears to be feasible, however further studies are needed.
Ensino informatizado de leitura e de escrita: Atividade suplementar para alunos do 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-14)
Souza, Lorena Fernandes
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Silva, Érika Rímoli Mota da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8530538473591388
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Postalli, Lidia Maria Marson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2748282330028870
Reading and writing skills are essential for students' progressions to acquire the contents of different school disciplines. This study aimed to evaluate the reading and writing skills of simple words (consonant-vowel words) of the students of the 1st grade of elementary school by the application of Module 1 of the Aprendendo a Ler e a Escrever em Pequenos Passos (ALEPP: Learning to Read and Spell in Small Steps). The experimental activities were conducted during the second semester of 2019 as supplementary classroom activity. Six children (three girls and three boys) participated in this study that was conducted in a public school. The selection criteria was performances equal to or lower than 60% correct answers in dictated word tasks applied in the classroom. The research was carried out at the Federal University of São Carlos in an appropriate structure for data collection. The curriculum ALEPP was compound by three teaching modules. In this research, only Module 1 was employed. This Module was teaching regular portuguese words compound by consonant-vowel (for example, bolo/cake; vaca/cow; tapete/rug). The Module 1 was compound five units and each unit was compound by steps (teaching sessions). Unit 1 was compound by five steps; Units 2, 3, and 4 by four steps, and Unit 5 by three steps. Each step teaches three words. Pre and post-tests were carried out before and after each unit. Extensive tests were carried out after Units 2 and 5. In these tests were evaluation the reading and writing words compound by syllables and letters of teaching words (for example, boca/mouth composed by syllables of bolo/cake and vaca/cow). In addition, a general test of reading and writing test (DLE) composed by 14 relationships between stimuli and stimulus-response, involving selection and execution tasks (reading, dictation, and copying) was applied before start the of Module 1 (pre-test, beginning of the second semester) and at the end of the second semester of 2019 (posttest). At the end of the research, the social validity was applied to a teacher of two students. The results showed that the majority of students improved performances in reading and writing in the posttest. Initially, students presented between 0% to 60% of correct reading and writing responses at general test (DLE). In the posttest, three students (Luana, Fernando, and Breno) presented 100% correct responses in the reading of words; one student (Amanda) presented 40% of correct responses and two (Raissa and Jonas) presented 10% of correct responses. In composition writing, Luana, Amanda, Fernando, and Breno presented above 75% of correct responses; Jonas presented 37.5% of correct responses, and Raissa presented null performance. The students acquired the ability to read with comprehension by performances in the BC and CB relations were greater than 66% of correct responses. Most participants presented the expansion of reading and writing repertoires, considering the percentage of correct responses above 70% correct responses reading and writing of words of generalization. In the social validity, the teacher noticed an improvement of the students to the classroom in activities involving reading and writing skills. The results suggest that the program can provide adequate conditions for the student to progress in the literacy process, and can be used as a complementary and/or supplementary resource to classroom teaching for students who have difficulties in reading and/or writing skills.
Uma análise sobre as medidas para intensificar a sustentabilidade na indústria química brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-14)
Almeida, Osny Cocate
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Pádua, Thiago Faggion de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8909812973749651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0449050332763451
This undergraduate thesis aimed to create a measure to transform the strategies that involve sustainability in the chemical industry into reality. When raising points of improvement and causes for the low attendance of this industry to the result of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), it was evidenced that there is a dysfunction in the companies' tactical organizational level. The tactical level is responsible for deploying the strategic guidelines and the dysfunction implies in not letting those guidelines reach the operational level. Thus, results linked to sustainability are jeopardized, as it is at the tactical level that they are generated. Therefore, the Management by Guidelines methodology was used, which was adapted in five steps to deploy an SDG from the CEO to the shop floor, making it clear what each employee must do to generate results improving the sustainability level. The first step is to establish the annual target. Then it is discussed how to prioritize an SDG and establish a global goal with an objective, value and deadline. From this comes the second step, which is to establish a measure to reach the goal. When coupling this measure to the goal, there is a guideline, which in the third step is oriented as to deploy to lower hierarchical levels. With the deployment of the guidelines comes the fourth step, in which action plans are created, highlighting their importance, since they are the translation of the global goal related to the SDG for the responsibility of a specific employee. And, finally, in the fifth step, it is discussed the creation of a governance capable of monitoring the execution of the action plans created in the previous step and dealing with deviations from the goal. With this, there is an adequate methodology so that the chemical industries, and other companies in general, can change the direction of Brazil in relation to the achievement of the SDGs.