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Sentimento de pertença de adolescentes na interface com a saúde mental: uma revisão de escopo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Speranza, Marina
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Cid, Maria Fernanda Barboza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8595043315867424
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4401290437133133
Epidemiological studies have pointed out a high prevalence of psychological distress in adolescents, which have been increasing over the last few years, at the same time that there is a scarcity of research that focuses on elements involved in the production of Mental Health among this population. In order to contribute to the expansion of this debate, the present study adds the variable sense of belonging, which has been identified as an important construct for understanding Mental Health of people in general, especially in adolescence. In this direction, the present study aimed to map and analyze the scientific literature on the theme of sense of belonging of adolescents in its interface with Mental Health. This is a Scoping Review, which adopted the approach proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute-JBI for scoping reviews as a theoretical framework. The search was carried out in the Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo and BVS databases, and the terms used were “sense of belong*”, teenage*, adolescen*, youth, “mental health” and “well-being”, and their respective correspondents in Portuguese and Spanish. The search in the databases generated a total of 270 results, 21 of which were considered eligible because they addressed, in an articulated way, the three central themes of this review, namely adolescence, Mental Health and a sense of belonging. In addition, a consultation process was carried out on the reference lists of these studies, adding nine additional sources to the sample of the present review, totaling 30 studies in the final sample. It is observed that 247 studies were excluded because they did not respond to the research objectives and/or because they were duplicated in the databases. Regarding the results, the quantitative data were analyzed through quantitative descriptive analyzes and organized in graphs and tables, and the qualitative data, derived from the objectives of the productions found, through the Thematic Analysis. It is pointed out that 23 studies used quantitative methodologies, that more than half of the researches were developed in the school context, and that no productions were found in Latin America. Regarding qualitative data, the following categories of analysis emerged: 1) The centrality of the school in the construction of the sense of belonging of adolescents 2) Sense of belonging and the psychological suffering in adolescents; 3) Sense of belonging as a protective factor for the Mental Health of adolescents; 4) Other factors related to the adolescents' sense of belonging; 5) Validation of scales that assess the sense of belonging. It is observed from the results from the selected productions, that the sense of belonging is related to the adolescents' Mental Health, as it involves the way these individuals engage in their activities and social relationships, also influencing the processes of social participation in the different contexts in which this population circulates. It points out the need for future studies carried out in a qualitative way, especially in a participatory way, encompassing the different contexts in which Brazilian adolescents circulate or have the right to circulate and also the different populations of adolescents.
Formas grotescas: a representação da violência em contos de Verônica Stigger
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Azevedo-Roberto, Ana Carolina
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Rocha, Rejane Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5669300635333699
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4018546297913113
Studies in the contemporary Brazilian literature area claim that violence is one of the most common subjects in our literature. It was observed that violence is usually represented by the need for dialogue with social issues which motivate it, especially in the big cities’ context. In most cases, such texts use realistic representation schemes as an explicit form of denunciation of Brazilian reality, but they also run the risk of becoming a trivial spectacle of violence. It is possible to delineate a trajectory of the representation of violence in contemporary Brazilian fiction and indicate structural and thematic tendencies that are repeated over centuries and the writers them are related to, but it is also possible to recognize how some authors differ by using aesthetic solutions. Therefore, we discuss the works Gran cabaret demenzial (2007) and Os anões (2010), by the contemporary Brazilian author Veronica Stigger, setting them in the literary series that chooses the violence theme and which can be distinguished by the concept of refracted realism (Pellegrini , 2012). This work proposes that because Stigger uses the aesthetic procedure of grotesque to represent violence, her short stories distinguish themselves from the realistic representation of violence in which the reality is the scenery or the argument for social criticism that has become paradigmatic in contemporary Brazilian literature. To support our analysis, we traced the course of the representation of violence in contemporary Brazilian narrative, from the 1970s to the first decade of the 2000s, indicating the main literary tendencies related to the aesthetic procedures used by the authors to approach this theme, and then we identified what is dissonant in Stigger's short stories in comparison to them. In the developing of this research, we used literary theory and criticism that talks about the representation of violence in contemporary Brazilian literature, namely Bosi (2002), Candido (1987), Pellegrini (1996, 2004, 2008), Schøllhammer (2009); works by Pellegrini (2007, 2012) which discuss realistic representation schemes in contemporary Brazilian literature; works about the genre short story related to contemporary Brazilian narratives, such as Bosi (1975) and Dalcastagnè (2001); and discussions about the grotesque by Kayser (2009) and Sodré and Paiva (2002).
Estudantes brasileiros e colombianos de ciências sociais: percepções sobre raça, ações afirmativas e currículo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Conceição, Iberê Araujo da
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Silvério, Valter Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2721151919726557
The Third World Conference against Racism, held in Durban in South Africa and organized by UNESCO in 2001, was an important milestone for the struggles of the peoples of the African Diaspora in the Americas, which stimulated the adoption of Affirmative Action policies for black people. In this perspective, this dissertation sought to identify whether the increase in the presence of black students in higher education opened or not the possibility of a process of curricular decolonization. Our focus was on two courses, Social Sciences in Brazil and Sociology in Colombia. The methodology used was qualitative, through the analysis of the documents of Pedagogical Political Projects, menus and teaching plans between 2001 and 2018, as well as the application of in-depth interviews with four black students from two important universities in both countries. The results indicated that, first, there is an incipient approach to the theme of ethnic-racial relations in the curriculum of both courses, limited to the optional subjects, however, we observe an opening to the theme a little greater in Brazil. Second, there were convergences in the impacts of Affirmative Actions on the identity shifts experienced by students, at the time of access to higher education, which reflect on family dynamics, especially with regard to ethnic-racial belonging and educational opportunities. Third, we identified that participations in student collectives, research and extension groups, as well as the influence of the RAP culture, have fundamental roles for the parallel formation of students and, for the most part, helped to build the theoretical-political position and the students' ethnic-racial belonging. Fourth, the students' perceptions, for the most part, associated the absence of disciplines on the themes with racism present in the academy, also pointing out the predominance of a Eurocentric bias in the curricula and a desire for curricular change towards a model that contemplates other matrices of thought and recognize the black population from its historical agency. The difference between the two countries can be explained by the difference in the size of the black population in both countries, the difference between the Colombian ethnic model and the Brazilian racial Affirmative Action. In addition, the absence of black teachers and researchers on ethnic-racial issues creates an unfavorable scenario for curricular change at both universities.
Ozualdo Candeias e a representação das mulheres nos filmes Aopção ou As Rosas da estrada e As bellas da Billings
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Santos, Susana Aparecida dos
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Araújo, Luciana Sá Leitão Corrêa de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9890886509956837
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3818283742214450
This dissertation investigates the films Aopção ou As rosas da estrada (1981) and As bellas da Billings (1986), directed by Ozualdo Candeias. Through film analysis, articulated with the concepts of feminist and gender theory, the research focus on the construction of female characters in both films. The central concern is to discuss the construction of the characters through cinematographic resources, relying on gender theories, thus valuing the ambiguity of the representations. We also seek to relate the representation of women in these films with Candeias’ other works and with Boca do Lixo.
Função endotelial em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica exacerbada: discriminação de fenótipo exacerbador, capacidade funcional como determinante e proposta de intervenção precoce e acessível
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Kabbach, Erika Zavaglia
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Mendes, Renata Gonçalves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4456979306195044
Severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are associated with worse health outcomes, which include an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events and exercise intolerance. In view of this gap, the first study investigated the association between exercise capacity and endothelial function in patients with AECOPD and demonstrated that the greater distance covered in the six-minute walk test reflects in greater endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In addition, some cutoff values for FMD have already been able to distinguish healthy individuals from those with risk factors or CV diseases, however, the ability of endothelial function to differentiate COPD phenotypes has not yet been investigated. Thus, the second study was developed, which aimed to discriminate the severe exacerbator phenotype in AECOPD and to evaluate clinical and functional features according to the cut-off point. Additionally, physical exercise has been shown to be beneficial for endothelial function, but there is still a lack of evidence regarding its benefit in Pulmonary Rehabilitation and even more specifically in AECOPD. In this sense, the third study was conducted and investigated the effect of early low-cost PR with elastic bands on endothelial function in patients with exacerbated COPD during hospitalization, which resulted in better endothelial function in those patients who received the proposed early PR. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that exercise capacity is associated with endotelial function in patients with severe AECOPD. In addition, a cut-off point was identified for FMD discriminatory for severe exacerbating and non-exacerbating phenotypes in COPD. Moreover, the implementation of early resistance trainning with elastic bands during hospitalization resulted in better endotelial function in severe exacerbation of COPD patients. Therefore, CV diseases are relevant in COPD with the need for integrative and accessible perspectives for the management of this disease.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on cognitive frailty in community-dwelling older adults: risk and associated factors
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Vatanabe, Izabela Pereira
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Pedroso, Renata Valle
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Teles, Ramon Handerson Gomes
;
Ribeiro, Julio Cesar
;
Manzine, Patricia Regina
To identify which factors are associated with cognitive frailty (CF), as well as the impact of CF on the incidence of dementia and mortality. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out using papers that enrolled a total of 75,379 participants and were published up to January 2020. Results: Of the 558 identified records, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed that CF has a significant association of having an older age and a history of falls. In longitudinal studies, the analysis showed a significant increase in risk of mortality and dementia for those with CF. Discussion: This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on CF, which addressed a wide variety of factors associated with the theme and which pointed out some as a potential target for prevention or management with different interventions or treatments, showing the clinical importance of its identification in the most vulnerable and susceptible groups.
A formação para a cidadania no ensino médio estadual paulista no contexto pós-LDB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Silva, Damaris Daiane Dias da
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Martins, Marcos Francisco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515924584428591
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0906655051533561
the present research, entitled “The background for the citizenship in the State secondary school in São Paulo in the post LDB context”, aims to identify and analyze the type of citizen which have been formed in public secondary schools of São Paulo State. Aware of the problems involving the multiplicity of concepts of citizenship, the research has as the issue getting to know about the effective background for the exercise of citizenship and how it interferes, if that is what happens, in daily actions of the learners. Methodologically, the types of research employed were bibliographical, documentary and field search, with qualitative approach. Among the main theoretical references employed in the study, the most outstanding authors considered classics when it comes to discussions about citizenship, such as Aristotle (2001) and Marshall (1967), and some contemporary academics, such as Severino (1994), Saviani (1976), Ferreira (1993) and Martins (2019). The textual structure starts with the conceptualization of the multivocal term citizenship, its historical origin and concepts in different contexts, that is followed by the analysis about how the phenomenon is presented in the official education documents, national and from São Paulo State, to comprehend how the scholar education of the young people from São Paulo understands and works for the citizen background. In summary, the conclusion points out that the citizenship present in the guiding materials of teaching practice has been nearing of a liberal concept which associates to the knowledge and access to the citizen’s rights and duties formally established and, despite being always related to a positive dimension of the human relationship, it’s marked by the lack of consensus, generalities and abstractions. In addition, studies on the most recent norms have also shown that the current interferences of neoliberal logic in education, have advanced in the sense of submitting the citizen practice to be forged by schools as a market necessity.
Can respiratory muscle training change the blood pressure levels in hypertension? A systematic review with meta-analysis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Silva, Claudio Donisete da
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Abreu, Raphael Martins de
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Santos, Patrícia Rehder dos
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Noronha, Marcos de
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
Experimentos de baixo custo e uso de tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação (TDICs): proposta de aulas para ensino de mecânica, física térmica e eletromagnetismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Cannavan, Marilin Celisa
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Silva, Fernanda Keila Marinho da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567
;
Brandl, Ana Lúcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308757619164141
In this dissertation, three didactic sequences are proposed that take up some physics content with regular high school students (EM), aiming to prepare them for the National High School Exam (ENEM) and entrance exams. Starting from this reasoning, when structuring this research, we look for experiments built with low cost materials, with options for reusing parts found in everyday objects and of easy acquisition, these experiments involve in their functioning essential contents to be worked in High School, believing that these can awakening the students' interest. Other methodologies used in this work were: demonstration of simulations from the PhET Colorado website, work with small groups of students and videos. Care was taken to suggest methodologies that were accessible in various aspects for use in public schools. The pedagogical reference was the historical and cultural theory of Lev Semenovich Vygotsky, whose main point is the study of human development, under the influence of the environment in which the individual is inserted. The proposed classes were taught in a third-year high school class in October/2019, at a state school in the North Zone of the city of Sorocaba, with this group consisting of 43 students. However, it is worth mentioning that only 11 of them participated fully in the activities (they did not miss any of the days of the application of the classes and signed all the authorization terms to participate in the research), for this reason, we consider the data of the evaluations of these 11 students. The application of the product was divided into three stages with four classes of fifty minutes each, totaling 12 classes for the entire process. The topics covered in each of the stages were: Mechanics - Energies, Thermal Physics and Electromagnetism. For each stage, an experiment was proposed that collaborated with the learning of the concepts covered in the classes, which are: cardboard roller coaster, thermoelectric mini generator and electromagnetic induction generator.
O debate sobre o federalismo na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1933-34
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Souza, José Augusto Marques de
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1629566453277162
In this work, we analyze the constitucional process of the period 1933-34, questioning whether federalism was in fact a central dispute in the National Constituent Assembly and in the 1934 Constitution itself. Therefore, we have reconstructed the Brazilian constitutional trajectory and the period before the summoning of the constituent, examining the players and interests in dispute at those times, especially in the period immediately after the 1930’s Revolution when the conflict between the São Paulo primary-exporting elites and the Vargas project engaged together, more directly in conflict. In the first group, the emphasis was on the defense of decentralization and regionalism, while for the Government the post-1930 modernization process of the Brazilian State would require centralization, which brought with it expansion of state power, increase of industrialization, guarantee from labor rights to urban masses, institutional renewal, need for economic regulation and, above all, defense of a national project. The constituent process of 1933-34 amplified the debate, since it involved political players from all Brazilian states, getting close to the Government's arguments, sometimes to the São Paulo primary-exporting group. Given this context, the 1934 Constitution was the first one to deal with the Modern, dealing with themes that had not previously been discussed in the previous constituents. However, it did not last a long period, since it was soon replaced by the 1937 Constitution that inaugurated the authoritarian period of the Estado Novo. Based on this, our hypothesis is that the unresolved tensions in the constituent process of 1933-34 between the groups in favor of decentralization and the centralizing project may be the key to explain the brief decline of the 1934 Act, the twenty-two volumes of the Annals of the National Constituent Assembly of 1933-34, the Electoral Code of 1932, the preliminary draft of the Itamaraty Commission, the substitute of the Committee of 26 and the 1934 Constitution, mapping how the debate about federalism occurred in that period. Through this mapping, we highlight players, groups and speeches, concluding that, in fact, federalism was central to that constituent and that the contest between federalists and centralizers is structural to understand both the 1930-1934 context and the Constitution itself.
Henri Bergson e a questão da linguagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Silva, Fábio Coelho da
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Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9515723516821425
This research aims to analyze the topic of language in the philosophy of Henri Bergson. More specifically, we seek to explain that the interlacing of different considerations about the topic converges into a malleable and fluid conception of philosophy. We divided the study into three phases. First, we focus on the elaboration of method in philosophy and show the meaning of concept criticism and the appeal to images. Second, we use the Bergsonian interpretation of the evolutionary process to describe the link between intelligence and language in the human interaction with things, or, in other words, the way intelligent signs are decisive in not only defining the scope of actions, but also inaugurating the speculative field. Third, we evaluate the role of language in society life, sometimes acting as an instrument to maintain the “closed societies”, and other times acting as an expression impregnated with emotion that stimulates deep contact between individuals and with humanity as a whole.
Idoso, familiares e garantias de direitos: um estudo de demandas na Defensoria Pública de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Santos, Luiz Eduardo dos
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Zazzetta, Marisa Silvana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2350656835896699
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6301539350405220
The increase in longevity causes more time in the relationship of people with the daily space of life, with an impact on family contexts, which brings to the discussion issues related to the human aging process as a relevant issue and that needs attention, particularly on issues of violation of rights involving family members. This study aimed to investigate the judicialized demands by the elderly before the Public Defender's Office of the district of São Carlos-SP, related to the search for the guarantee of rights related to issues involving family members. It was discovered who they are, where they live and what demands are judicialized by the elderly. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, based on the investigation method using quantiqualitavivo, carried out by consulting the processes initiated in the period between 2015 to 2019, using the system of digitized procedural consultations of the Public Defender. Data analysis revealed a sample of 263 people, with a prevalence of women (74.9%) in the search for the right and that the majority of the elderly seek the judicialization of rights for themselves. Issues related to patrimonial law, family dysfunction and physical and mental incapacity, formed the thematic categories revealed by the study. The study showed that there is a process of social disqualification of individuals, in contradiction to the public policies that they should support. The study concluded that there is a context that imposes public policies in line with the needs of offering adequate services to the new demographic reality, such as greater social support and trained human resources in the specificities of the elderly population.
Verificação de altas capacidades em crianças e adolescentes em situação de acolhimento no Brasil e na Espanha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Colozio, Amanda Rodrigues de Souza
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Borges del Rosal, Maria de África
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Rangni, Rosemeire de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399149504309769
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8358553161048690
Getting to know the places where people in poverty live, under risks, disadvantages and dangers, trying to find some talent for a promising reality is auspicious. To stand out positively in contexts of risk, proves that the person has a potential to be developed, despite the unfavourable environmental factors. The present research is divided into two studies. Study 1 had the objective of identifying indicators of high abilities in children and adolescents in Residential Care Institutions in a Canary Island, Tenerife, in Spain; to characterise the participants; and to know how the assistance is organised in the residential care institutes. Study 2 aimed to identify indicators of high abilities in children and adolescents in residential institutions in the interior of the State of São Paulo; to present the profile of the teachers of these students; and finally, to attend as enrichment the students indicated as having high abilities. The methodological design of the research was exploratory and descriptive. For the study 1- Indication of high abilities in Spain, 26 children and/or adolescents from 15 residential care institutions throughout the island of Tenerife and 22 educators from these institutions participated. The data collected were analysed in two stages, namely: Stage 1. Indication of high abilities and characterisation, MATRICES-TAI, SENA and attendance; and Stage 2. Structure and Functioning of the residential care institutions. The instruments used were: Escala de apreciación para educadores/as; Instrumento Sistema de Evaluación de Niños y Adolescentes (SENA); MATRICES - Test Adaptativo Informatizado (TAI), and Questionnaire sobre la Unidad Orgánica de Infancia y Familia del IASS. As results, it was obtained in Study 1, 6 (six) fostered with indications of high abilities, being 4 (four) boys and 2 (two) girls in the areas of general intelligence, creativity, socio-affective and verbal. These 6 students, together with 4 previously identified with intelligence tests, were referred to two programmes: the Comprehensive Programme for High Abilities (PIPAC) and Tagoror, carried out at the University of La Laguna, Tenerife. In Study 2 - Indication of high abilities in Brazil, participated 14 schools, 94 teachers, 5 institutions of Reception, 12 professionals of the institutions and 30 receivers of two cities (A and S) in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The instruments used were: Guide for Observation of Students in the Classroom (Guide); Questionnaire on the profile of the teacher, and the Enrichment, based on the interests and the formation of positive self-concept. The data collected was in three stages: Stage 1. Indication of high abilities in students in county A and S; Stage 2. Teacher profile questionnaire; Stage 3. Enrichment offered to the student. As for the results, the Guide applied with the teachers returned with 1 (one) fostered (A) indicated with high abilities in three domains: High Ability in General, Verbal and Socio-affective Intelligence. The other respondents were not indicated as outstanding in any domain. As for the response of the professionals, 4 (four) were indicated as gifted in General Intelligence, Creativity and Socio-affective. Respondent A was indicated and referred to care in the form of enrichment aimed at developing his interests and contributing to the formation of his positive self-concept.
Avaliação de diferentes condições geométricas e operacionais de precipitadores eletrostáticos na coleta de nanopartículas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Lima, Felipe de Aquino
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Béttega, Vádila Giovana Guerra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0752059622240208
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8335700003224104
The development and optimization of equipment aimed at removing nanoparticles from atmospheric air have been gaining importance in the current scenario. The adverse effects of these ultrafine particles on human health and the environment motivate the development of techniques for their removal, both for the processes’ sustainability and the mitigation of pollutants. Among the commonly used equipment, electrostatic precipitators stand out for their versatility and, for certain configurations, efficiencies are up to 99.9% in a wide size range. The recent literature has employed wet precipitators with good performance. However, the formation of a new liquid effluent and the difficulty of recovering particles with added value encourages the search for other alternatives. With this, dry operation stands out for the correction of these problems and the lower operating costs. Thus, the present work aims to evaluate the influence of the electric field, velocity, and the following geometric parameters: plate spacing (4 and 6.5 cm) and wire spacing (4, 6, and 12 cm). For this, a scan will be performed between the electric fields of 0.0 kV/cm and 5.0 kV/cm for different air velocities (1.9, 2.9, and 3.9 cm/s). Two electrostatic precipitators with different plate spacing were used, both with single stage wire-plate type, with two collecting plates with length and height of 30 and 10 cm, respectively, with three discharge electrodes with a diameter of 0.4 mm. The results showed the efficiency of the precipitator in removing nanoparticles, with efficiencies above 99.9% for electric fields of 5.0 kV/cm in both precipitators. The increase in velocity did not present a well-defined behavior, with increased efficiency by increasing the velocity in some conditions. In general, the use of 4 cm wire spacing showed a decrease in the efficiency of nanoparticle collection with the reduction of residence time. In the scanning of the electric field to verify the influence of plate spacing, greater variations in the collection efficiency occurred between the fields of 3.1 and 3.4 kV/cm for the precipitator with spacing between plates of 6.5 cm, and between fields of 4.0 and 4.5 kV/cm for the precipitator with a spacing of 4 cm. For the same electric field, the precipitator with a plate spacing of 6.5 cm presented better collection capacity. Efficiencies above 99% were obtained with electric fields above 3.4 kV/cm and 4.5 kV/cm for spacings between 6.5 cm and 4 cm, respectively. It should be noted that higher efficiencies are obtained with a lower voltage applied in the precipitator with less plate spacing. Therefore, even though the precipitator with the spacing of 6.5 cm presented better efficiencies based on the electric field, the energy cost is higher due to the higher voltage applied. In the evaluation of the wire spacing, the increase in the values of this parameter provided greater current and, in general, better collection efficiencies. However, few significant differences were obtained by increasing the electric field, with removals of 99.9% for all spacings at 5.0 kV/cm. The overall efficiency curves by the electric field showed sigmoid behavior, with a higher rate of efficiency increase near the beginning of the corona. By statistical analysis, it was possible to verify the significant effect of plate spacing and wire spacing. Also, statistically, the plate spacing and electric field are more influential than the velocity and wire spacing.
Determinação do equilíbrio sólido-líquido de princípios ativos farmacêuticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-22)
Assis, Gabriel Pereira
;
Derenzo, Silas
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6648449443508838
;
Bernardo, André
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708
Solubility is one of most important property to produce active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), beyond of being related to its bioavailability. In this context, it was determined paracetamol and nicotinamide solid-liquid equilibrium in temperatures from 20 to 50°C for two solvent systems: water - ethanol and water- propylene glycol (PG), by refractometry method and the crystals formed were characterized by optical microcopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The experimental results were compared with five thermodynamic models (Apelblat, Wilson, UNIQUAC, NRTL and λh) and data from the literature, showing good correlations among the correlative models for Apelblat in all cases among the activity coefficient models, the best adjustment, in all cases, were the NRTL model with the solvent-solvent parameters determined on this work. For water-ethanol-paracetamol system were observed maximum values of solubility with composition of 75% w/w of ethanol, which is not usual, but presented on previous works from literature, not occurring with PG. For water-PG-nicotinamide system was observed a point of local maximum on 25% w/w concentration and a point of local minimum on 75% w/w concentration. Beside that the temperatures of 20ºC and 25ºC showed a distinguished comportment compered to temperatures between 30ºC and 50ºC. The solubility curves on water-ethanol-nicotinamide system showed differences among the temperatures evaluated. The experimental data of nicotinamide solubility in pure water and pure ethanol showed similarity with literature data validating the methodology used and the water-PG system data. X-ray diffraction measurements on the crystals of paracetamol in equilibrium with the liquid indicate that maximum solubility is not associated with a change in the crystalline structure of the solid; optical microscopy of nicotinamide crystals indicated a possible change in the crystalline habit. X-ray diffraction of nicotinamide indicate a possible change in the crystalline structure or a possible preferred orientation, been necessary more studies.
Tempos escolares e qualidade da educação na legislação: uma incursão pela história
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Santos, Fabiano Pereira dos
;
Fortunato, Ivan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8293044394759438
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0639736880221018
From the study of educational legislation from a historiographical point of view, we analyzed the relationship between school time and the quality of education, using historical-dialectical materialism as a theoretical-methodological basis. From the qualitative and quantitative approaches, we try to answer the following problem: why do school times vary throughout the history of Brazilian education? We supported our analysis in the categories school start and end time, schooling time and time at school proposed by Parente (2010; 2006) and identified the (re)emergence of a fourth category: “time corresponding to school”. We used the studies by Dourado and Oliveira (2009), Gadotti (2013) and Soares (2016) to reflect on school times and the quality of education announced in the educational legislation, in particular Law 9.394/1996, in order to understand the motivations for changes in school times and their relationship with the social quality of education. This dissertation is structured in four chapters, which discuss the following: (i.) School times and the quality of education, which serves as a guide for our reflections in the two subsequent chapters; (ii.) the construction of school times in educational legislation from the Colonial period to the First Republic; (iii.) the consolidation of the school days of the Vargas Era until the year 2020; (iv.) the analysis methodology and the results of our research. Given this path, we realize that the category time corresponding to school in the year 2021 results from the use of TDIC, but that its past dates to the Jesuits' time when study times were factors of distinction, inequality and social discrimination. In the end, this research is justified by presenting the historicity of education based on educational legislation, and the transformation of school times is related to educational concepts, principles and purposes. Supposed in educational practices, we recognize “time corresponding to school” as a possibility to improve the quality of education, but we warn of the need to prevent the risks of its use, justifying the search for the hegemonic quality of education.
O corpo (des)conhecido na docência da educação infantil: narrativas docentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Doin, Rafael Romeiro
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Santos, Maria Walburga dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9984036089729552
The relations between body, child education, and teaching practices are built with the interaction of the individuals, whose conceptions of world bring about their interrelation across their political, economic, social, and cultural agenda. This research aims at understanding how the interviewed teachers manage the implications of their body in their practices with the primary children’s schools, and how their daily job is affected in their working spaces in primary education. When I speak about the body in this research, I refer to its relation with art, culture, and education. My body was affected in such relations, and it is from this life experience that I started to reflect on my own body. To conduct this research, I have adopted a qualitative approach with the oral narrative technique, i.e., a memoir of moments in my life. I also considered the data collected in CAPES’ thesis and dissertations repository and the narrative of the interviewers as the mains axis of this work, particularly because this research topic has not had much debate in education. I interviewed for this research five instructors in the State of São Paulo: three cisgender women, one transgender woman, and a cisgender man. The content of such interviews reveals rich and important data of the relations of their teaching-bodies with their lives, their formation, and their professional activities, showing the diversity of their teaching-bodies in their work in child education. Those narratives enabled a reflection about gender, about the interaction of instructors with their bodies, about their relationship with space, about ethnical and racial relations and about children with disabilities. I seek in this work to approach the need of studying the body in child education.
Energy consumption and reaction rate optimization combining turbulence promoter and current modulation for electrochemical mineralization
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Faria, Lúrima Uane Soares
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Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6167735734348703
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2331081455441069
In the current world scenario, one of the environmental and public health problems that still needs a more efficient intervention is the pollution caused by industrial effluents containing toxic organic compounds, typically treated by biological processes. However, this method is inefficient for the degradation of biorefractory compounds, in addition to generating a large amount of sludge and requiring a larger physical area. Due to these factors, electrochemical techniques have stood out as a promising treatment alternative, mainly for their efficiency and environmental compatibility. However, the energy consumption of the process still represents a factor to be improved for its effective application. In this sense, two strategies were approached in this study to overcome this problem. Current modulation is one of them and consists of controlling the applied current so that its value is always close to the limiting value. Using this technique, it is possible to improve the mineralization efficiency and consequently reduce energy consumption; however, there is the drawback that the processing time becomes longer. Considering this, the second proposed strategy consisted of the use of turbulence promoters (TPs) to increase the mass transfer in the system, also contributing to the reaction kinetics and thus, reducing the electrooxidation time. In this way, the time increase due to the application of modulated current (MC) can be compensated, maintaining the efficiency of the process. In this context, this work aimed to optimize the electrooxidation process by combining current modulation with TPs to simultaneously improve energy consumption and mineralization time. Phenol was used as a model molecule in this study and its electrooxidation was evaluated in an electrochemical flow reactor, using the boron-doped diamond anode (BDD). The plastic mesh turbulence promoter (MTP) and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) were evaluated. The combined approach enabled the reduction of the energy consumption from 168 ±31 kWh per kg of total organic carbon (TOC) (galvanostatic mode) to 72 ±6 kWh kg-1 TOC (modulated current + MTP). Additionally, considering 75% TOC removal, the use of turbulence promoters allowed a reduction in electrolysis time from 420 min to 295 min (~ 30%) in the processes applying MC. Under galvanostatic conditions and mass transfer control regime, the use of RVC as turbulence promoter outperformed the mineralization performance observed using the MTP, mainly due to its porous matrix. However, the variation in the type of promoter had less influence on electrolysis under current modulation conditions, with similar efficiency observed at low flow velocities. The results reinforced the potential of electrooxidation for the treatment of effluents, paving the way for obtaining a process with rapid degradation kinetics and high mineralization efficiency, resulting in low energy consumption.
Percepções de estudantes sobre o trabalho do enfermeiro na estratégia saúde da família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Carloni, Pablo Ramon
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Borges, Flávio Adriano
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Stofel, Natália Sevilha
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Ogata, Márcia Niituma
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Rézio, Larissa de Almeida
Objetivo: compreender as percepções de estudantes de enfermagem sobre o trabalho do enfermeiro na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida com 19 estudantes de diferentes períodos do curso de graduação em enfermagem. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, procedendo-se, depois de organizadas, à análise temática e confrontação com alguns conceitos da Análise Institucional. Resultados: a análise dos dados deu origem a três temas: 1) Percepções dos estudantes sobre o processo de trabalho do enfermeiro, 2) O vínculo no trabalho do enfermeiro e 3) Limites estruturais e relacionais do trabalho do enfermeiro. Conclusão: o trabalho do enfermeiro na Estratégia Saúde da Família é algo em constante processo de institucionalização, requerendo uma gama de conhecimento teórico-científico e habilidades que se expressam pela autonomia e vínculo com os usuários. Contudo, enfrenta alguns atravessamentos como a escassez de infraestrutura, recursos humanos, materiais e a dificuldade no trabalho em equipe.
Enfrentamento e resiliência de cuidadores informais de idosos com demência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Santos, Bruna Rodrigues dos
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Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2218092217850425
Knowing and recognizing positive aspects, which can assist in understanding the best adaptation to the role of caregiver, is an important gerontological investigation path, in a scenario where care for the elderly with dementia becomes a serious public health problem. The main objectives of this study were: to analyze the factors related to resilience and coping in caregivers of elderly people with dementia; compare these variables with a group of non-caregivers; and reevaluate them over a period of one year. This is a longitudinal and exploratory study, with quantitative analyzes. The research was carried out in the coverage area of 19 Family Heath Units in the urban area of the city of São Carlos-SP, with two groups: the first, formed by informal caregivers of elderly people with dementia (n=70) and the second, formed by non-caregivers, matched by sex, age and education (n=70). The instruments used for data collection with the research participants were: questionnaire of sociodemographic and health characterization, Zarit Overload Scale (ZOS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination – Revised (ACE-R), Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) an Resilience Scale (RS). The evaluations were previously scheduled and carried out on the participants’ homes. The data were analyzed using descriptive comparative statistics and regression. The results showed: (a) A strong negative correlation between RS and PSS (rho= -0.78; p<0.01) and ZOS (rho= -0.79; p<0.01). (b) The score obtained in the CSI also showed a strong and inversely proportional relationship with the score obtained in the PSS (rho= -0.85; p<0.01) and with the score obtained in the ZOS (rho= -0.86; p<0.01). (c) In the multiple regression model using the RS, the variables overload and stress presented negative coefficients (-0.816 and -1.554, respectively), indicating that when we add a unit on the ZOS or on the PSS, we have a decrease in the variable Resilience. (d) In the multiple regression model using the CSI, the stress variables and the attention and orientation domains of the ACE-R showed negative coefficients (-1.027 and -1.056, respectively), indicating that when adding a unit on the PSS or on the ACE-R attention and orientation, we have a decrease in the Coping variable. (e) The participant’s chance of being a caregiver decreases by 3.7% (OR=0.963) when increasing a unit in the RS and increases by 13.1% (OR=1.131) when increasing a unit in the CSI. That is, the greater the resilience, the lower the chances of being a caregiver. And the grater the coping strategies, the greater the chances of being a caregiver. (f) Caregivers’ perceived stress decreased over time (p=0.039). Therefore, for this sample of participants, the length of care had a positive influence on the care experience, confirming the study hypothesis.