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Tempos escolares e qualidade da educação na legislação: uma incursão pela história
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Santos, Fabiano Pereira dos
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Fortunato, Ivan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8293044394759438
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0639736880221018
From the study of educational legislation from a historiographical point of view, we analyzed the relationship between school time and the quality of education, using historical-dialectical materialism as a theoretical-methodological basis. From the qualitative and quantitative approaches, we try to answer the following problem: why do school times vary throughout the history of Brazilian education? We supported our analysis in the categories school start and end time, schooling time and time at school proposed by Parente (2010; 2006) and identified the (re)emergence of a fourth category: “time corresponding to school”. We used the studies by Dourado and Oliveira (2009), Gadotti (2013) and Soares (2016) to reflect on school times and the quality of education announced in the educational legislation, in particular Law 9.394/1996, in order to understand the motivations for changes in school times and their relationship with the social quality of education. This dissertation is structured in four chapters, which discuss the following: (i.) School times and the quality of education, which serves as a guide for our reflections in the two subsequent chapters; (ii.) the construction of school times in educational legislation from the Colonial period to the First Republic; (iii.) the consolidation of the school days of the Vargas Era until the year 2020; (iv.) the analysis methodology and the results of our research. Given this path, we realize that the category time corresponding to school in the year 2021 results from the use of TDIC, but that its past dates to the Jesuits' time when study times were factors of distinction, inequality and social discrimination. In the end, this research is justified by presenting the historicity of education based on educational legislation, and the transformation of school times is related to educational concepts, principles and purposes. Supposed in educational practices, we recognize “time corresponding to school” as a possibility to improve the quality of education, but we warn of the need to prevent the risks of its use, justifying the search for the hegemonic quality of education.
O corpo (des)conhecido na docência da educação infantil: narrativas docentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Doin, Rafael Romeiro
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Santos, Maria Walburga dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9984036089729552
The relations between body, child education, and teaching practices are built with the interaction of the individuals, whose conceptions of world bring about their interrelation across their political, economic, social, and cultural agenda. This research aims at understanding how the interviewed teachers manage the implications of their body in their practices with the primary children’s schools, and how their daily job is affected in their working spaces in primary education. When I speak about the body in this research, I refer to its relation with art, culture, and education. My body was affected in such relations, and it is from this life experience that I started to reflect on my own body. To conduct this research, I have adopted a qualitative approach with the oral narrative technique, i.e., a memoir of moments in my life. I also considered the data collected in CAPES’ thesis and dissertations repository and the narrative of the interviewers as the mains axis of this work, particularly because this research topic has not had much debate in education. I interviewed for this research five instructors in the State of São Paulo: three cisgender women, one transgender woman, and a cisgender man. The content of such interviews reveals rich and important data of the relations of their teaching-bodies with their lives, their formation, and their professional activities, showing the diversity of their teaching-bodies in their work in child education. Those narratives enabled a reflection about gender, about the interaction of instructors with their bodies, about their relationship with space, about ethnical and racial relations and about children with disabilities. I seek in this work to approach the need of studying the body in child education.
Energy consumption and reaction rate optimization combining turbulence promoter and current modulation for electrochemical mineralization
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Faria, Lúrima Uane Soares
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Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6167735734348703
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2331081455441069
In the current world scenario, one of the environmental and public health problems that still needs a more efficient intervention is the pollution caused by industrial effluents containing toxic organic compounds, typically treated by biological processes. However, this method is inefficient for the degradation of biorefractory compounds, in addition to generating a large amount of sludge and requiring a larger physical area. Due to these factors, electrochemical techniques have stood out as a promising treatment alternative, mainly for their efficiency and environmental compatibility. However, the energy consumption of the process still represents a factor to be improved for its effective application. In this sense, two strategies were approached in this study to overcome this problem. Current modulation is one of them and consists of controlling the applied current so that its value is always close to the limiting value. Using this technique, it is possible to improve the mineralization efficiency and consequently reduce energy consumption; however, there is the drawback that the processing time becomes longer. Considering this, the second proposed strategy consisted of the use of turbulence promoters (TPs) to increase the mass transfer in the system, also contributing to the reaction kinetics and thus, reducing the electrooxidation time. In this way, the time increase due to the application of modulated current (MC) can be compensated, maintaining the efficiency of the process. In this context, this work aimed to optimize the electrooxidation process by combining current modulation with TPs to simultaneously improve energy consumption and mineralization time. Phenol was used as a model molecule in this study and its electrooxidation was evaluated in an electrochemical flow reactor, using the boron-doped diamond anode (BDD). The plastic mesh turbulence promoter (MTP) and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) were evaluated. The combined approach enabled the reduction of the energy consumption from 168 ±31 kWh per kg of total organic carbon (TOC) (galvanostatic mode) to 72 ±6 kWh kg-1 TOC (modulated current + MTP). Additionally, considering 75% TOC removal, the use of turbulence promoters allowed a reduction in electrolysis time from 420 min to 295 min (~ 30%) in the processes applying MC. Under galvanostatic conditions and mass transfer control regime, the use of RVC as turbulence promoter outperformed the mineralization performance observed using the MTP, mainly due to its porous matrix. However, the variation in the type of promoter had less influence on electrolysis under current modulation conditions, with similar efficiency observed at low flow velocities. The results reinforced the potential of electrooxidation for the treatment of effluents, paving the way for obtaining a process with rapid degradation kinetics and high mineralization efficiency, resulting in low energy consumption.
Percepções de estudantes sobre o trabalho do enfermeiro na estratégia saúde da família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Carloni, Pablo Ramon
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Borges, Flávio Adriano
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Stofel, Natália Sevilha
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Ogata, Márcia Niituma
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Rézio, Larissa de Almeida
Objetivo: compreender as percepções de estudantes de enfermagem sobre o trabalho do enfermeiro na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida com 19 estudantes de diferentes períodos do curso de graduação em enfermagem. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, procedendo-se, depois de organizadas, à análise temática e confrontação com alguns conceitos da Análise Institucional. Resultados: a análise dos dados deu origem a três temas: 1) Percepções dos estudantes sobre o processo de trabalho do enfermeiro, 2) O vínculo no trabalho do enfermeiro e 3) Limites estruturais e relacionais do trabalho do enfermeiro. Conclusão: o trabalho do enfermeiro na Estratégia Saúde da Família é algo em constante processo de institucionalização, requerendo uma gama de conhecimento teórico-científico e habilidades que se expressam pela autonomia e vínculo com os usuários. Contudo, enfrenta alguns atravessamentos como a escassez de infraestrutura, recursos humanos, materiais e a dificuldade no trabalho em equipe.
Enfrentamento e resiliência de cuidadores informais de idosos com demência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Santos, Bruna Rodrigues dos
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Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2218092217850425
Knowing and recognizing positive aspects, which can assist in understanding the best adaptation to the role of caregiver, is an important gerontological investigation path, in a scenario where care for the elderly with dementia becomes a serious public health problem. The main objectives of this study were: to analyze the factors related to resilience and coping in caregivers of elderly people with dementia; compare these variables with a group of non-caregivers; and reevaluate them over a period of one year. This is a longitudinal and exploratory study, with quantitative analyzes. The research was carried out in the coverage area of 19 Family Heath Units in the urban area of the city of São Carlos-SP, with two groups: the first, formed by informal caregivers of elderly people with dementia (n=70) and the second, formed by non-caregivers, matched by sex, age and education (n=70). The instruments used for data collection with the research participants were: questionnaire of sociodemographic and health characterization, Zarit Overload Scale (ZOS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination – Revised (ACE-R), Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) an Resilience Scale (RS). The evaluations were previously scheduled and carried out on the participants’ homes. The data were analyzed using descriptive comparative statistics and regression. The results showed: (a) A strong negative correlation between RS and PSS (rho= -0.78; p<0.01) and ZOS (rho= -0.79; p<0.01). (b) The score obtained in the CSI also showed a strong and inversely proportional relationship with the score obtained in the PSS (rho= -0.85; p<0.01) and with the score obtained in the ZOS (rho= -0.86; p<0.01). (c) In the multiple regression model using the RS, the variables overload and stress presented negative coefficients (-0.816 and -1.554, respectively), indicating that when we add a unit on the ZOS or on the PSS, we have a decrease in the variable Resilience. (d) In the multiple regression model using the CSI, the stress variables and the attention and orientation domains of the ACE-R showed negative coefficients (-1.027 and -1.056, respectively), indicating that when adding a unit on the PSS or on the ACE-R attention and orientation, we have a decrease in the Coping variable. (e) The participant’s chance of being a caregiver decreases by 3.7% (OR=0.963) when increasing a unit in the RS and increases by 13.1% (OR=1.131) when increasing a unit in the CSI. That is, the greater the resilience, the lower the chances of being a caregiver. And the grater the coping strategies, the greater the chances of being a caregiver. (f) Caregivers’ perceived stress decreased over time (p=0.039). Therefore, for this sample of participants, the length of care had a positive influence on the care experience, confirming the study hypothesis.
Contribuições para modelos de diagnóstico cognitivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Oliveira, Eduardo Schneider Bueno de
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Bazán Guzmán, Jorge Luis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7302778157579178
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8239816795599294
Cognitive Diagnostic Models (CDMs) are latent variable models which are useful for identifying the profile of respondents through tests or assessments. They are mainly used in educational assessments, but can also be considered to analyze other types of latent variables, including personality traits and other areas in psychometrics, as well as any type of data that fits in item analysis. Unlike the Item Response Theory (IRT) models, in which the latent variable is continuous, in an CDM the latent variable is discrete, however, the responses can have multiple formats. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the CDMs state of the art, filling gaps that still exist, with special emphasis on the CDMs under a Bayesian approach. The chapters of this thesis follow a sequence of construction of CDMs for different types of response variables. First, a collaborative study with the dichotomous DINA model, already present in the literature, is shown, aiming at a better understanding of the CDMs and showing a comparison of estimation methods already explored with a new MCMC method, through the No-U-Turn Sampler algorithm (NUTS). Simulation studies are shown and the methodology is used for an application in the mental health area. Next, considering continuous responses, we develop the extension of the DINA model for this type of response (C-DINA), under a Bayesian approach, carrying out a priors sensitivity study and evaluating the performance of the methodology through simulation studies, as well as providing a more detailed explanation of the construction logic behind models of this class and showing an application related to risk perception. Then, we propose a CDM for limited responses in the unit interval (B-DINA), which is unprecedented in the literature, explaining the details of its formulation and estimation, under a Bayesian approach, evaluating the recovery of parameters of the proposed estimation methodology through a simulation study and also showing the potential of its use in an application for social-demographic data. Finally, we propose new probability distributions for random variables limited to the unit interval, with the development of quantile regression for mixed-effects models, carrying out simulation studies and an application for extreme poverty data. The different simulation and application studies throughout the text show that the proposals bring good results and have the potential to be used by researchers from different areas, with the codes used to estimate the parameters also made available.
Cinema, televisão e documentários: possibilidades imaginativas em contextos de ensino técnico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Neto, Armando Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5414466437997230
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Costa, Alan Victor Pimenta de Almeida Pales
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5414466437997230
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7513487480792409
This dissertation discusses the possibility of a reflection on the school, education and the ways of seeing that are constituted in these spaces. In this way, we observe the educational processes and visuality projects that run through the films presented by one of the students as works of completion of the technical course in Audio and Video Production at the Escola Técnica Estadual “Jornalista Roberto Marinho” in São Paulo. We opted for a methodological direction of the analysis of this film sample according to the sociology of cinema proposed by Pierre Sorlin (1985). To this end, we undertake an “internal analysis” of the mechanisms and conditions for the interpretation of society that are guiding the cut-outs of the world expressed in these audiovisual works. This is an exploratory study, of a “constellation of the possible”, which invokes the practices of visual creation and realization, the sensory and social perception of images, varied theoretical frameworks, and the aesthetic and political processes to reflect on how they constitute regimes of visuality, often demarcated as a space of power and dispute. Hence the concern with what the films revealed to us: the sensitive and curious concern in relation to documentaries, as an audiovisual form of construction and appropriation of discourses about the “real”, the true, and the historical. This factor marks the subjects in their subjectivation processes and relationship with the world, ventilating the possibility of thinking about education, constituting itself, not as a disciplinary, rigid and reproductive process, but as deviations, between the cracks and openings that the institutionalized forms suggest, especially when talking about audiovisual realization.
Instagram como instrumento de Divulgação Científica para a Biologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Pereira, Gabriele Cristina Catosso
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Fernandes, Hylio Laganá
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1315602045624096
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2603283973961881
The work developed is based on the premise of the intense interaction of young people through social networks verified in today's reality, and from there proposes to investigate possibilities of this media space for education, directing its focus to Instagram, a social network much used today among young people, and at the same time the one with less jobs academics with a focus on Education or the dissemination of science. It can be said that the social networks, in particular, is a topic that there is a lot of investment in research today, it can also consider that a large part of the Brazilian (and worldwide) population has access to them. So, why not use them, in favor of science and turn it into an instrument for scientific dissemination? The methodology for the development of the project involves the creation of a Profile, production of images, posting of these in the feed and in the stories, were questions and polls were created with the aim of encouraging followers to interact - in where elements were obtained for analysis of the posted material. This work explores powers of Instagram as a tool for Scientific Dissemination for Biology.
Influência da força e potência muscular sobre o desempenho físico de indivíduos com DPOC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Bueno, Leonardo Garbin
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Di Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9071791546812165
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1122641058639637
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition to pulmonary changes, several extrapulmonary manifestations can appear with the worsening of the disease, among the most prevalent is muscle dysfunction, which consequently generates less physical performance. Despite the previous literature addressing the relationship between these two aspects, there are still gaps on the influence of the components of muscle function on physical performance, assessed by different functional tests. Aim: To analyze the influence of quadriceps muscle function on physical performance, assessed using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and the 6-minute step test (6MST), in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: This is a cross-sectional and observational study that evaluated individuals with COPD of both sexes, aged between 60 and 80 years. It took two days of evaluations with an interval of one week, in which evaluations were carried out as anamnesis; body composition with electrical bioimpedance equipment; dyspnea and daily physical activity with the mMRC scale and the DASI questionnaire, respectively; quadriceps muscle function by a computerized dynamometer and physical performance by Six Minute Step Test (6MST) and Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT). The sample size calculation was performed using G* Power software version 3.1.9.2. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Data distribution was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Variables with parametric distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, while variables with non-parametric distribution were expressed as median and interquartile range. To analyze the correlations, Pearson's correlation coefficients were used for parametric variables and Spearman's for non-parametric variables. Then, if there was a correlation between the variables (strength, endurance or power with 6MWT and 6MST), a multiple linear regression model would be applied to verify the influencing factors (strength, endurance and power) in the main outcome variable (physical performance – 6MWT and 6MST – separately). Results: The peak torque - 60°/s (Nm) and power - 90°/s (W) had a strong positive correlation with the 6MST (r = 0.729 and 0.725 respectively; p ≤ 0,000). Muscle powers - 60°/s and 90°/s (W) showed a moderate positive correlation with the 6MWT (r = 0.576 and 0.596 respectively; p ≤ 0,010). The results of multiple linear regressions showed that the peak torque - 60°/s (Nm) was the variable with significant participation in the model with the 6MST (adjusted R² = 0.504; p ≤ 0,000). For the model involving the 6MWT, the only variable included was muscle power - 90°/s (W) (adjusted R² = 0.318; p ≤ 0,007). Conclusion: The quadriceps muscle function differently influences the physical performance assessed by means of the 6MST and 6MWT. While muscle strength was able to explain performance in the 6MST more, muscle power had more influence on the 6MWT variation. These findings showed that the strength and power of the quadriceps muscle can significantly influence the performance of physical activities such as walking up and down steps and walking.
Alterações cinemáticas e características de carga de treinamento em corredores e corredoras com dor patelofemoral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Luz, Bruna Calazans
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Dos Santos, Ana Flávia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2621235843235000
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Serrão, Fábio Viadanna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8137335642635433
Recreational running is one of the most practiced physical activities in the world. Although this activity offers numerous physiological and psychological health benefits, running has a high incidence of injuries. Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is one of the running-related injuries that most affect runners, and females are twice as likely to develop it. Although the etiology of PFP is not yet fully understood, several etiological factors are proposed for this musculoskeletal disorder. Among them, intrinsic factors, such as altered kinematics of the lower limbs, and extrinsic factors, such as training load characteristics, have been reported as possible causes for the development of PFP. However, the relationship of these factors with the intensity of pain and physical function of female and male runners with PFP, in addition to the possible influence of sex on the kinematics of these runners, has not yet been reported in the literature. Therefore, the objectives of the thesis were: 1- to verify whether there is an association between hip and knee kinematics and running training load with pain intensity and functional status in males and females with PFP and 2- to investigate whether changes in hip and knee kinematics during running in runners with PFP are sex-specific. Runners of both sexes, with and without PFP and aged between 18 and 35 years, were evaluated. The kinematic evaluation was performed on a treadmill during the stance phase using a 3D system and the variables of interest were: hip adduction, hip internal rotation and knee abduction. To assess pain and physical function, the visual analogue scale and the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS) questionnaire validated for the Portuguese language were used. Results indicated that longer weekly distance was associated with greater pain intensity in females with PFP, but there was no association between lower limb kinematics or running pace with pain intensity and physical function in both males and females with PFP. Furthermore, although females had greater hip adduction than males, regardless of the presence of PFP, there was no difference between females with and without PFP for this variable. Alterations in other kinematic variables evaluated (knee abduction and hip internal rotation) were also not sex-specific in runners with PFP. We conclude that hip and knee altered kinematics in runners with PFP are not sex-specific; in addition, clinicians should not only assess and treat the biomechanical factors of runners with PFP, but also be aware of training loads, especially with increasing weekly distance.
Vamos refletir sobre a prática? Apresentação de uma ferramenta reflexiva para sustentar o raciocínio profissional em terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Gomes, Laysla Demonari
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Marcolino, Taís Quevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6759395773791257
Professional practices have been investigated from the perspective of the Epistemology of Practical Rationality, which understands that the practice as a complex, singular, uncertain and permeated by a conflict of values phenomena, and for which is possible and necessary to build practical knowledge. One of the ways to understand professional practice in occupational therapy embraces research on reflexive processes and clinical/professional reasoning. Professional reasoning has been investigated since the 1980's, with a growing number of works since then. This research is the result of a previous research that aimed at building a reflexive tool to support professional reasoning in occupational therapy in the process of identifying needs in the practice scenario of Primary Health Care (PHC). To better understand the potential of this tool for reflection on practice, it was necessary to analyze its content and its practical applicability by occupational therapists of other PHC services. Eleven occupational therapists from the state of São Paulo, identified by snowball sampling, participated utilizing the tool, analyzing it through an online questionnaire of agreement, and suggesting modifications through comments in the questionnaire, in individual interviews and in a group interview - conducted after a first change of the tool. The data analysis was carried out in a descriptive way for the agreement data from the questionnaire and thematic analysis for the interviews. The results demonstrate the applicability of the tool in the practice of occupational therapists, emphasizing the promotion of reflection on practice; the greater clarity in identifying the core of occupational therapy interventions presenting them to PHC teams; and its applicability to other contexts of professional practice.
Co-cultivo fúngico como estratégia para obtenção de metabólitos biologicamente ativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-23)
Silva, Airton Damasceno
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Vieira, Paulo Cezar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4803553923188852
In this work, the bactericidal, antiprotozoal, and inhibition of cathepsin V proteolytic activity of extracts from the axenic cultivation of six fungal species (Fusarium guttiforme, Pestalotiopsis diospyri, Phoma caricae-papayae, Colletotrichum horii, Phytophthora palmivora, and C. gloeosporioides) and all combinations of co-cultures among them were evaluated, resulting in 57 co-cultivation extracts. The results obtained showed that the co-culture increased the biological activity of the samples since all the extracts active against super resistant bacteria, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania infantum were obtained from co-culture combinations. Bacterial growth was inhibited totally or partially by 46% of the extracts. Two of them that contained mostly fusaric and 9,10-dehydrofusaric acids were exceptionally active. The presence of the fungus F. guttiforme in co-cultures may be associated with the high biological activity of these extracts against L. infantum. A single axenic culture considerably decreased the proteolytic activity of cathepsin V, being an exception to an observed trend. Thus, the results of biological activities indicated that the fungal co-cultivation increased the biological potential of the samples. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the 1H NMR spectra of the 63 extracts allowed the development of a new method to assess fungicidal activity and antagonism between fungal species within a collection. The results showed that the developed method was able to predict fungicidal activity and antagonism between species. Traditional in vitro antifungal tests of active and inactive extracts were performed in order to prove the predictions made by the PCAs. The results obtained showed that the developed method is an excellent tool to obtain and evaluate, simultaneously, bioactive samples because it was able to predict the fungicidal activity of 5 different extracts in a collection of 63 samples against 4 fungi of different genera, which would be more difficult, laborious and time consuming if they were rehearsed at random, allowing time and money savings. Finally, in order to investigate environmentally friendly alternatives in the control of diseases caused by anthracnose and black rot, this work evaluated the chemical profile of volatile organic compounds produced by the fungus F. guttiforme in the presence of the fungi C. horii, C. gloeosporioides, and P. caricae-papayae. The volatiles produced by F. guttiforme significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of phytopathogens C. horii (91.7%), C. gloeosporioides (93.7%), and P. caricae-papayae (92.5%). The production of the kaur-15-eno and kaur-16-en diterpenes by F. guttiforme may be associated with a possible long-distance defense mechanism as well as with the observed fungistatic activity. The inhibition results indicate, even in a preliminary way, that these diterpenes are promising biocontrol agents against the phytopathogens P. caricae-papayae, C. horii, and C. gloeosporioides.
Percepção de atores sociais e análise de políticas públicas locais visando a provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Fernandes, Jamily da Silva
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Sais, Adriana Cavalieri
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Borsatto, Ricardo Serra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0115095851353833
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5988987575101933
Landscape changes have been often characterized by bad land use planning and ecosystem management, highlighting the need for strategies that maintain or restore services and generate benefits for human well-being and environmental quality. This research aimed the evaluation of two interrelated and complementary municipal programs in Louveira, SP: the first (Municipal Fruit Growing Incentive Program - PROMIF), focuses on good practices in land use and strengthening family farming, and the second (Louveira Environmental Services Payment Program - PSAL) focuses on payment for environmental services, linked to forest restoration in areas of public water supply. Thus, we sought to: (i) analyze the relationship of these programs with the agenda of sustainability and ecosystem services, (ii) analyze their relationship with land use in Louveira, (iii) analyze the perception of farmers in relation to forest restoration and its association with ecosystem services, (iv) evaluate the participation and engagement of farmers in the process of implementing both programs, (v) analyze the perception of different social actors about these two public policies and understand their expectations, (vi) identify the main factors that influence their operational environment, limiting or fostering their effectiveness. For this, we collected primary and secondary data, and adopetd a series of different strategies: presence and participation of the research team in meetings and events about the programs, consultations on public documents and dialogues with the municipal secretariats responsible for them, application of questionnaires, focal groups and semi-structured interviews. We found that PROMIF and PSAL are causally related to the sustainability agenda, recognizing the role of rural landscapes in promoting local development and providing for actions aimed at the provision of ecosystem services. Farmers recognize the importance of forests for the provision of these services, especially the protection of water resources. However, their participation has been limited only to the condition of beneficiaries, without involvement in decision-making processes. From a SWOT analysis, two factors were considered by the interviewed actors as threats to the permanency of the programs: dependence on political decisions and financial sources to fund them. The main strengths identified in the statements were the practice of sustainability, through good practices, environmental concern by the farmers, and the payment of subsidies to them. All weaknesses and some threats refer to gaps in farmers' participation and understanding of the programs. It was concluded that decision makers need to seek more alternatives to bring farmers closer to the programs, making them more than mere recipients of the developed actions. Therefore, even with the subsidies granted, farmers still have an impasse to balance environmental issues - through the maintenance or inclusion of the tree and forestry component in the properties - and the economic and productive needs.
A Educação Especial no estado de São Paulo no contexto da primeira república: uma análise da construção histórica dos alunos anormais e das propostas pedagógicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Oliveira, Isabelle Karolline Chaves de
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Coutinho, Luciana Cristina Salvatti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2688318704089723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7588235846223203
In this work, we set out to investigate how, the historical construction of the “abnormal” student and the pedagogical proposals aimed at this student profile in the context of the First Republic, having a central role in this process, the republican education project, expressed in the model of School Groups, as a civilizing landmark for a modern society. This research is structured and develops from three chapters. In the first chapter, we bring the reader an initial overview, contextualizing about the modernization of Brazilian society, which unfolded during the First Republic, about its political, cultural, economic aspect and the issue of education, highlighting the civilizing project of school groups, since the republican ideal, which places education as a redemptor of social problems, the school model and its representation as the motto of the republic. The second chapter discusses the historical production of the “abnormal” student, from the historical understanding with the advent of modernity and capitalist society, as well as that same issue in the Brazilian reality, the theories and proposals formulated by some important intellectuals used as a reference by the Instruction Pública Paulista in the first Republic linked to inequality and what education was thought for this project in the new modern society, bringing up the issue of the poor student and the handicapped. In this sense, the last chapter brings the documentary analysis of the yearbooks of public education in São Paulo between 1907-1926 and the document of the medical inspection of 1917, in order to analyze the pedagogical proposals thought by the directors and inspectors of public education, for those who did not attend to the expectations created for modern education, since the creation of school groups, the concept of school and education and those that should be considered unfit for the new society and, therefore, should be adjusted to the needs of the market.
A Capoeira entre os fundamentos e movimentos de criação: um estudo sobre cultura, gênero e sexualidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Caciatori, Eduarda Gava
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Ambrózio, Aldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0680232021190747
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Ferreira, Dulcinéia de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9339578170693084
This research followed and mapped two experiences of Contemporary Capoeira in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, seeking to identify the displacements in its current dynamics, highlighting their foundations and following the ongoing transformation and creation movements - taking questions relating to gender relations and sexualities, but also considering ethnic-racial and class markers. One of the spaces is the Centro de Referência LGBT de Campinas/SP, where Capoeira classes are held for the LGBTQIA + community, taught by Professor Luiz Otávio, Puma Camillê; the other space is the Capoeira academy “Cordão de Ouro Tatuí”, coordinated by Meriele, Professor Pepê, in the city of Tatuí/SP. Capoeira is a traditional popular manifestation that proposes to be bound to its essence and to preserve it, so, how do these processes of changes and resignifications occur? The aim of this research was to identify how this dialogue between preserving and creating in traditional popular culture happens, especially in these two specific Capoeira experiences. The research was based on the cartographic perspective and aimed to draw the route and record the ways in which these displacements are happening. It also sought to point out and discuss the relationship between Capoeira and popular education, highlighting the emancipatory potential of these practices.
Mecanismos de Transferência de Tecnologia previstos pela Lei de Inovação e sua adoção pelas universidades federais brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Spinola, Adriana Tahereh Pereira
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Bueno, Alexandre
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6407503018881551
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Faria, Leandro Innocentini Lopes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0767710394930118
Technological innovation performs a central role in the current knowledge economy. A way of speeding-up the innovation process is through Tech Transferring (TT) from Scientific and Technological Institutions (STI) to enterprises. As the Innovation Law was promulgated in 2004, the Brazilian government has been attempting to create a regulatory environment suited to innovation. These actions have promoted an enhancement on the scientific and technological production levels, particularly within public universities. The most prominent legal advances are, however, relatively new and no significant studies on its influence on the overall TT of STI-enterprises results have been documented so far. Hence, the present research aimed to identify the STI-enterprises’ tech transfer mechanisms embodied in the Innovation Law over the 2004-2019 time period, and study its adoption by the Brazilian federal universities. An information gathering from their Technology Transfer Offices (TTO) was then attained through an e-Sic questionnaire. Also, a deep research on the Innovation Law’s changes over time was conducted in order to identify the TT mechanisms it allows. A group of indicators concerning the TTO’s structure, the of innovation policies deployment, patenting and licensing activities, and, particularly, the federal universities’ appropriation of the TT mechanisms allowed by law. A total of 25 TT mechanisms present in the Innovation Law were then identified. Also, the overall results have also unveiled traces of an important growth of the patenting and patent licensing over time. Despite these advances, deep inequalities among the TTO regarding their TT performance were observed. A significant number of universities didn’t even presented any TT result over the time period studied. Researches like this one are of great interest once they broaden out the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the TT of STI-enterprises, at the same time they can support the strategic decision making process of the government, the enterprises and the universities on behalf of technological innovation ever growing results that can benefit the Brazilian society.
Efeito da microadição de oxigênio na estabilidade microestrutural da liga Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4,6Zr processada via deformação plástica severa e envelhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Silva, Murillo Romero da
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Gargarella, Piter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
Gum Metal corresponds to a family of β-Ti alloys that are currently receiving great attention due to its outstanding properties such as low elastic modulus, superelasticity, and high tensile strength. These alloys show only β-stabilizing, non-toxic, and biocompatible alloying elements. For the production of Gum Metal, it is recommended the addition of oxygen that is not tightly defined in the literature, as well as an accentuated cold work, which is usually obtained by cold rolling or swaging. The present work proposed to produce Gum Metal Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr-xO (wt.%) with three different oxygen contents (700, 2200, and 4600 ppm) by an alternative processing route composed of rotary forging and severe plastic deformation (SPD) by HPT. Also, the work proposes to investigate alloy behavior during aging. This thesis aimed to find a microstructural condition that provides high mechanical strength while maintaining the Gum Metal typical low elastic modulus. The processed alloy in this work had its microstructure, mechanical, thermal, and physical properties investigated. An increase in β-phase stability, to the detriment of αʺ, as well as in the mechanical properties was observed with the combined effect of oxygen addition, HPT processing, and aging. The increase in mechanical properties was attributed to the microstructural refinement, with a grain size up to 50 nm, and to the high dislocation density, both obtained after SPD, and to the formation of finely dispersed precipitates in the β-matrix after aging. Microhardness of approximately 400 HV was obtained for samples in two different combinations of processing and oxygen level. The elastic modulus did not change significantly for the different oxygen levels, obtaining values between 58 to 70 GPa. The typical properties of Gum Metal were achieved in the present thesis, which is related to the deformation mechanisms such as slip, twinning, transformation-induced martensite as well as reverse martensitic transformation.
Atuação docente no atendimento pedagógico domiciliar em casas de apoio para alunos em tratamento de saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Ziotti, Mariana Coimbra
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Gonçalves, Adriana Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3907378784787581
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602538509339174
Home Pedagogical Care (HPC) represents a right to educational care, which is guaranteed by law, since illness may have a transitory or permanent character. For sick children and teenagers, it is possible to carry out the HPC, which consists of pedagogical assistance that takes place in the home environment for the student who, due to a health problem, is unable to go to school. The present study had as general objective to analyze the performance of the teacher who performs the HPC in support houses for students in health treatment. The specific objectives were to: (a) Identify existing support homes in the state of São Paulo and verify which ones offer HPC; (b) Describe the organization and functioning of this type of care provided in support homes for students undergoing health treatment and (c) Analyze the pedagogical practices developed by teachers in the context of HPC in support homes for students undergoing health treatment. Two research stages were carried out. In the first, an exploratory study was carried out and the support homes for students undergoing health treatment in the state of São Paulo were mapped in order to identify which ones offered the HPC or other ways of monitoring the schooling process of these children and / or teenagers, as well as to identify if there was an expectation of offering this service, if the support home did not offer it. In this stage, the data were analyzed in thematic analysis. In the second stage of the research, a case study was performed with the teachers who worked in the HPC in this space. For this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with these professionals and observations were made of the pedagogical practices, in loco, of one of the homes to understand how the teacher performed the class, how teacher prepared the teaching environment, which pedagogical resources were used, how they record the activities, how is the moment when the teacher arrives at the support home to organize the class, among others that were recorded in a field diary. Data analysis were based on data triangulation. The results of stage one demonstrated that there are three support homes in the state of São Paulo that offer HPC and that in some institutions that do not offer this service, school-age patients attend regular school or hospital classes. The results of step two pointed out the specificities of the teaching performance in the HPC and highlighted how much this service is necessary both to maintain the link with the students' home school, and to provide the quality schooling process for the sick children and teenagers who are staying in support homes.
A função neurocardiovascular e a associação com diferentes componentes da capacidade física na exacerbação da Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Schafauser, Nathany Souza
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Roscani, Meliza Goi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1298051150234135
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Mendes, Renata Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052
Introduction: Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) present impairment of the neuro-cardiovascular system with a high risk for cardiovascular events, in addition to impairments in physical-functional capacity, both of which are potentially aggravated by periods of exacerbation of the disease (AECOPD). However, there is still no broad knowledge about the association of neuro-cardiovascular function with different parameters of physical capacity, which can be valuable and a precursor to strategies aimed at improving physical capacity with consequent potential for cardiovascular health. Objective: to investigate neuro-cardiovascular function and its association with different components of patients' physical capacity during acute COPD exacerbation. Methodology: Observational and cross-sectional study with the study population consisting of 50 patients with a diagnosis of COPD in exacerbation. The assessment of neuro-cardiovascular function included 1. Evaluation of endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), 2. Hemodynamic evaluation by analysis of pulse wave and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and 3. Evaluation of cardiac neuroautonomic modulation by frequency variability heart rate (HRV). The assessment of physical capacity included: 1. Walking capacity by the six-minute walk test (6MCW), 2. Handgrip strength and 3. Quadriceps peripheral muscle strength. Results: All parameters of physical capacity (walking ability, quadriceps strength and handgrip) showed a positive association with endothelial function (FMD%) (r=0.37, p=0.01; r=0.44, p<0.01 and r=0.31, p=0.03 respectively) and with the LF sympathetic index of HRV (r=0.31, p=0.05; r=0.37, p=0.31 and r=0,55, p<0.01 respectively). Arterial stiffness (cfPWV) was negatively associated with walking (r=-0.50, p<0.01) and peripheral muscle strength (r=-0.57, p<0.01). In addition, multiple regression analysis revealed peripheral quadriceps muscle strength and age as independent predictors of endothelial function (adjusted R2=0.19; F=4.47; p=0.008) and arterial stiffness (adjusted R2 = 0,35; F=5.86, p=0.004). Conclusion: Physical capacity through its different parameters (walking ability, quadriceps muscle strength and handgrip strength) is associated with endothelial, cardiac neuro-autonomic function and arterial stiffness in patients during severe COPD exacerbation. The greater peripheral muscle strength of the quadriceps is an independent predictor of better endothelial function and arterial stiffness. This study reinforces the need for integrative care in the management of patients with COPD exacerbated with a view to cardiovascular health and physical-functional capacity.
Estudo do desempenho de poliamina sobre a desestabilização de suspensões coloidais ricas em ferro e sílica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Segantini, Katiane
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Silva, Caio Marcio Paranhos da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7793686262868668
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240296030025257
The purpose of this Professional Master's project was to study the performance of polyamine on the destabilization of iron ore tailings suspensions, which are considered colloidal suspensions rich in iron and silica to improve the coagulation of the tailings thickening process. Optimizing and improving the thickening process allows you to recover a greater volume of water for the mine, decreasing the volume of water to be sent to tailings dams. For this study, a type of polyamine was chosen to be an auxiliary coagulant to the commonly used anionic polyelectrolyte, which is anionic polyacrylamide. The performance study was carried out in the tailing suspension in distilled water, thus simulating a colloidal suspension found in the iron ore tailings thickening processes. The waste was characterized using the X-ray dispersive energy (EDXRF) and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). To evaluate the interactions between the polyamine and the colloidal suspension of ore tailings, a study of the residual turbidity was performed using a nephelometric turbidimeter, Zeta potential (ζ), determination of the total elementary residuals by induced plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP -OES) and particle size determination by laser diffraction (LALLS). During the study project, the polyamine was characterized to identify the determination of molecular weight by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), solid content and Brookfield viscosity. The study concluded that the polyamine acts as an excellent destabilizer through the neutralization of electrostatic effects, improving the efficiency of removing turbidity at levels of 10 NTU.