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Percepção de atores sociais e análise de políticas públicas locais visando a provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Fernandes, Jamily da Silva
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Sais, Adriana Cavalieri
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Borsatto, Ricardo Serra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0115095851353833
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5988987575101933
Landscape changes have been often characterized by bad land use planning and ecosystem management, highlighting the need for strategies that maintain or restore services and generate benefits for human well-being and environmental quality. This research aimed the evaluation of two interrelated and complementary municipal programs in Louveira, SP: the first (Municipal Fruit Growing Incentive Program - PROMIF), focuses on good practices in land use and strengthening family farming, and the second (Louveira Environmental Services Payment Program - PSAL) focuses on payment for environmental services, linked to forest restoration in areas of public water supply. Thus, we sought to: (i) analyze the relationship of these programs with the agenda of sustainability and ecosystem services, (ii) analyze their relationship with land use in Louveira, (iii) analyze the perception of farmers in relation to forest restoration and its association with ecosystem services, (iv) evaluate the participation and engagement of farmers in the process of implementing both programs, (v) analyze the perception of different social actors about these two public policies and understand their expectations, (vi) identify the main factors that influence their operational environment, limiting or fostering their effectiveness. For this, we collected primary and secondary data, and adopetd a series of different strategies: presence and participation of the research team in meetings and events about the programs, consultations on public documents and dialogues with the municipal secretariats responsible for them, application of questionnaires, focal groups and semi-structured interviews. We found that PROMIF and PSAL are causally related to the sustainability agenda, recognizing the role of rural landscapes in promoting local development and providing for actions aimed at the provision of ecosystem services. Farmers recognize the importance of forests for the provision of these services, especially the protection of water resources. However, their participation has been limited only to the condition of beneficiaries, without involvement in decision-making processes. From a SWOT analysis, two factors were considered by the interviewed actors as threats to the permanency of the programs: dependence on political decisions and financial sources to fund them. The main strengths identified in the statements were the practice of sustainability, through good practices, environmental concern by the farmers, and the payment of subsidies to them. All weaknesses and some threats refer to gaps in farmers' participation and understanding of the programs. It was concluded that decision makers need to seek more alternatives to bring farmers closer to the programs, making them more than mere recipients of the developed actions. Therefore, even with the subsidies granted, farmers still have an impasse to balance environmental issues - through the maintenance or inclusion of the tree and forestry component in the properties - and the economic and productive needs.
A Educação Especial no estado de São Paulo no contexto da primeira república: uma análise da construção histórica dos alunos anormais e das propostas pedagógicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Oliveira, Isabelle Karolline Chaves de
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Coutinho, Luciana Cristina Salvatti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2688318704089723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7588235846223203
In this work, we set out to investigate how, the historical construction of the “abnormal” student and the pedagogical proposals aimed at this student profile in the context of the First Republic, having a central role in this process, the republican education project, expressed in the model of School Groups, as a civilizing landmark for a modern society. This research is structured and develops from three chapters. In the first chapter, we bring the reader an initial overview, contextualizing about the modernization of Brazilian society, which unfolded during the First Republic, about its political, cultural, economic aspect and the issue of education, highlighting the civilizing project of school groups, since the republican ideal, which places education as a redemptor of social problems, the school model and its representation as the motto of the republic. The second chapter discusses the historical production of the “abnormal” student, from the historical understanding with the advent of modernity and capitalist society, as well as that same issue in the Brazilian reality, the theories and proposals formulated by some important intellectuals used as a reference by the Instruction Pública Paulista in the first Republic linked to inequality and what education was thought for this project in the new modern society, bringing up the issue of the poor student and the handicapped. In this sense, the last chapter brings the documentary analysis of the yearbooks of public education in São Paulo between 1907-1926 and the document of the medical inspection of 1917, in order to analyze the pedagogical proposals thought by the directors and inspectors of public education, for those who did not attend to the expectations created for modern education, since the creation of school groups, the concept of school and education and those that should be considered unfit for the new society and, therefore, should be adjusted to the needs of the market.
A Capoeira entre os fundamentos e movimentos de criação: um estudo sobre cultura, gênero e sexualidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Caciatori, Eduarda Gava
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Ambrózio, Aldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0680232021190747
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Ferreira, Dulcinéia de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9339578170693084
This research followed and mapped two experiences of Contemporary Capoeira in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, seeking to identify the displacements in its current dynamics, highlighting their foundations and following the ongoing transformation and creation movements - taking questions relating to gender relations and sexualities, but also considering ethnic-racial and class markers. One of the spaces is the Centro de Referência LGBT de Campinas/SP, where Capoeira classes are held for the LGBTQIA + community, taught by Professor Luiz Otávio, Puma Camillê; the other space is the Capoeira academy “Cordão de Ouro Tatuí”, coordinated by Meriele, Professor Pepê, in the city of Tatuí/SP. Capoeira is a traditional popular manifestation that proposes to be bound to its essence and to preserve it, so, how do these processes of changes and resignifications occur? The aim of this research was to identify how this dialogue between preserving and creating in traditional popular culture happens, especially in these two specific Capoeira experiences. The research was based on the cartographic perspective and aimed to draw the route and record the ways in which these displacements are happening. It also sought to point out and discuss the relationship between Capoeira and popular education, highlighting the emancipatory potential of these practices.
Mecanismos de Transferência de Tecnologia previstos pela Lei de Inovação e sua adoção pelas universidades federais brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Spinola, Adriana Tahereh Pereira
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Bueno, Alexandre
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6407503018881551
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Faria, Leandro Innocentini Lopes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0767710394930118
Technological innovation performs a central role in the current knowledge economy. A way of speeding-up the innovation process is through Tech Transferring (TT) from Scientific and Technological Institutions (STI) to enterprises. As the Innovation Law was promulgated in 2004, the Brazilian government has been attempting to create a regulatory environment suited to innovation. These actions have promoted an enhancement on the scientific and technological production levels, particularly within public universities. The most prominent legal advances are, however, relatively new and no significant studies on its influence on the overall TT of STI-enterprises results have been documented so far. Hence, the present research aimed to identify the STI-enterprises’ tech transfer mechanisms embodied in the Innovation Law over the 2004-2019 time period, and study its adoption by the Brazilian federal universities. An information gathering from their Technology Transfer Offices (TTO) was then attained through an e-Sic questionnaire. Also, a deep research on the Innovation Law’s changes over time was conducted in order to identify the TT mechanisms it allows. A group of indicators concerning the TTO’s structure, the of innovation policies deployment, patenting and licensing activities, and, particularly, the federal universities’ appropriation of the TT mechanisms allowed by law. A total of 25 TT mechanisms present in the Innovation Law were then identified. Also, the overall results have also unveiled traces of an important growth of the patenting and patent licensing over time. Despite these advances, deep inequalities among the TTO regarding their TT performance were observed. A significant number of universities didn’t even presented any TT result over the time period studied. Researches like this one are of great interest once they broaden out the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the TT of STI-enterprises, at the same time they can support the strategic decision making process of the government, the enterprises and the universities on behalf of technological innovation ever growing results that can benefit the Brazilian society.
Efeito da microadição de oxigênio na estabilidade microestrutural da liga Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4,6Zr processada via deformação plástica severa e envelhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Silva, Murillo Romero da
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Gargarella, Piter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
Gum Metal corresponds to a family of β-Ti alloys that are currently receiving great attention due to its outstanding properties such as low elastic modulus, superelasticity, and high tensile strength. These alloys show only β-stabilizing, non-toxic, and biocompatible alloying elements. For the production of Gum Metal, it is recommended the addition of oxygen that is not tightly defined in the literature, as well as an accentuated cold work, which is usually obtained by cold rolling or swaging. The present work proposed to produce Gum Metal Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr-xO (wt.%) with three different oxygen contents (700, 2200, and 4600 ppm) by an alternative processing route composed of rotary forging and severe plastic deformation (SPD) by HPT. Also, the work proposes to investigate alloy behavior during aging. This thesis aimed to find a microstructural condition that provides high mechanical strength while maintaining the Gum Metal typical low elastic modulus. The processed alloy in this work had its microstructure, mechanical, thermal, and physical properties investigated. An increase in β-phase stability, to the detriment of αʺ, as well as in the mechanical properties was observed with the combined effect of oxygen addition, HPT processing, and aging. The increase in mechanical properties was attributed to the microstructural refinement, with a grain size up to 50 nm, and to the high dislocation density, both obtained after SPD, and to the formation of finely dispersed precipitates in the β-matrix after aging. Microhardness of approximately 400 HV was obtained for samples in two different combinations of processing and oxygen level. The elastic modulus did not change significantly for the different oxygen levels, obtaining values between 58 to 70 GPa. The typical properties of Gum Metal were achieved in the present thesis, which is related to the deformation mechanisms such as slip, twinning, transformation-induced martensite as well as reverse martensitic transformation.
Atuação docente no atendimento pedagógico domiciliar em casas de apoio para alunos em tratamento de saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Ziotti, Mariana Coimbra
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Gonçalves, Adriana Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3907378784787581
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602538509339174
Home Pedagogical Care (HPC) represents a right to educational care, which is guaranteed by law, since illness may have a transitory or permanent character. For sick children and teenagers, it is possible to carry out the HPC, which consists of pedagogical assistance that takes place in the home environment for the student who, due to a health problem, is unable to go to school. The present study had as general objective to analyze the performance of the teacher who performs the HPC in support houses for students in health treatment. The specific objectives were to: (a) Identify existing support homes in the state of São Paulo and verify which ones offer HPC; (b) Describe the organization and functioning of this type of care provided in support homes for students undergoing health treatment and (c) Analyze the pedagogical practices developed by teachers in the context of HPC in support homes for students undergoing health treatment. Two research stages were carried out. In the first, an exploratory study was carried out and the support homes for students undergoing health treatment in the state of São Paulo were mapped in order to identify which ones offered the HPC or other ways of monitoring the schooling process of these children and / or teenagers, as well as to identify if there was an expectation of offering this service, if the support home did not offer it. In this stage, the data were analyzed in thematic analysis. In the second stage of the research, a case study was performed with the teachers who worked in the HPC in this space. For this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with these professionals and observations were made of the pedagogical practices, in loco, of one of the homes to understand how the teacher performed the class, how teacher prepared the teaching environment, which pedagogical resources were used, how they record the activities, how is the moment when the teacher arrives at the support home to organize the class, among others that were recorded in a field diary. Data analysis were based on data triangulation. The results of stage one demonstrated that there are three support homes in the state of São Paulo that offer HPC and that in some institutions that do not offer this service, school-age patients attend regular school or hospital classes. The results of step two pointed out the specificities of the teaching performance in the HPC and highlighted how much this service is necessary both to maintain the link with the students' home school, and to provide the quality schooling process for the sick children and teenagers who are staying in support homes.
A função neurocardiovascular e a associação com diferentes componentes da capacidade física na exacerbação da Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Schafauser, Nathany Souza
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Roscani, Meliza Goi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1298051150234135
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Mendes, Renata Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052
Introduction: Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) present impairment of the neuro-cardiovascular system with a high risk for cardiovascular events, in addition to impairments in physical-functional capacity, both of which are potentially aggravated by periods of exacerbation of the disease (AECOPD). However, there is still no broad knowledge about the association of neuro-cardiovascular function with different parameters of physical capacity, which can be valuable and a precursor to strategies aimed at improving physical capacity with consequent potential for cardiovascular health. Objective: to investigate neuro-cardiovascular function and its association with different components of patients' physical capacity during acute COPD exacerbation. Methodology: Observational and cross-sectional study with the study population consisting of 50 patients with a diagnosis of COPD in exacerbation. The assessment of neuro-cardiovascular function included 1. Evaluation of endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), 2. Hemodynamic evaluation by analysis of pulse wave and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and 3. Evaluation of cardiac neuroautonomic modulation by frequency variability heart rate (HRV). The assessment of physical capacity included: 1. Walking capacity by the six-minute walk test (6MCW), 2. Handgrip strength and 3. Quadriceps peripheral muscle strength. Results: All parameters of physical capacity (walking ability, quadriceps strength and handgrip) showed a positive association with endothelial function (FMD%) (r=0.37, p=0.01; r=0.44, p<0.01 and r=0.31, p=0.03 respectively) and with the LF sympathetic index of HRV (r=0.31, p=0.05; r=0.37, p=0.31 and r=0,55, p<0.01 respectively). Arterial stiffness (cfPWV) was negatively associated with walking (r=-0.50, p<0.01) and peripheral muscle strength (r=-0.57, p<0.01). In addition, multiple regression analysis revealed peripheral quadriceps muscle strength and age as independent predictors of endothelial function (adjusted R2=0.19; F=4.47; p=0.008) and arterial stiffness (adjusted R2 = 0,35; F=5.86, p=0.004). Conclusion: Physical capacity through its different parameters (walking ability, quadriceps muscle strength and handgrip strength) is associated with endothelial, cardiac neuro-autonomic function and arterial stiffness in patients during severe COPD exacerbation. The greater peripheral muscle strength of the quadriceps is an independent predictor of better endothelial function and arterial stiffness. This study reinforces the need for integrative care in the management of patients with COPD exacerbated with a view to cardiovascular health and physical-functional capacity.
Estudo do desempenho de poliamina sobre a desestabilização de suspensões coloidais ricas em ferro e sílica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Segantini, Katiane
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Silva, Caio Marcio Paranhos da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7793686262868668
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240296030025257
The purpose of this Professional Master's project was to study the performance of polyamine on the destabilization of iron ore tailings suspensions, which are considered colloidal suspensions rich in iron and silica to improve the coagulation of the tailings thickening process. Optimizing and improving the thickening process allows you to recover a greater volume of water for the mine, decreasing the volume of water to be sent to tailings dams. For this study, a type of polyamine was chosen to be an auxiliary coagulant to the commonly used anionic polyelectrolyte, which is anionic polyacrylamide. The performance study was carried out in the tailing suspension in distilled water, thus simulating a colloidal suspension found in the iron ore tailings thickening processes. The waste was characterized using the X-ray dispersive energy (EDXRF) and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). To evaluate the interactions between the polyamine and the colloidal suspension of ore tailings, a study of the residual turbidity was performed using a nephelometric turbidimeter, Zeta potential (ζ), determination of the total elementary residuals by induced plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP -OES) and particle size determination by laser diffraction (LALLS). During the study project, the polyamine was characterized to identify the determination of molecular weight by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), solid content and Brookfield viscosity. The study concluded that the polyamine acts as an excellent destabilizer through the neutralization of electrostatic effects, improving the efficiency of removing turbidity at levels of 10 NTU.
A percepção dos agentes prisionais sobre a expansão do PCC no sistema prisional do interior de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-24)
Macacari, Otávio
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Motta, Luana Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042165629261102
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2888802662338101
This research aims to understand how state agents involved in prison system activities perceive the expansion of the First Command of the Capital (PCC) in prisons of São Paulo's inland cities. In dialogue with discussions on mass incarceration, the interiorization of prisons, and criminal organizations, I analyzed semi-structured interviews conducted with police officers, prison directors, and correctional officers. Through this investigation, I argue for the convergence between the bibliographic contribution and the perspective of those who experience the daily reality of prisons. Furthermore, it was possible to explore the existence of a gap between the law and its practical implementation, as many of the agents reported living a reality that goes beyond what is prescribed in the norms.
Assistência farmacêutica enquanto política pública no município de São Carlos-SP: um olhar a partir do campo CTS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-25)
Chenchi, Luiz Henrique
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Machado, Maria Lúcia Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5703683100332513
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1892228305258753
This thesis assumes that the practice of the actions of municipal pharmaceutical services is not articulated with the conception of public policies conquered to guarantee access and the rational use of medicines. The review of the historical trajectory of pharmaceutical services policies in Brazil indicated an attempt to change the conformation of the logistic arrangement, when the perspective of pharmaceutical care was instituted with the user, already established in other countries, as a right to comprehensive health care. The need to guarantee inputs and medicines for the country's care, especially in situations such as public health emergencies, as in the recent COVID-19 pandemic, waved to the importance of the pharmaceutical area in ensuring the biopsychosocial aspects. Several actions have been institutionalized by the Ministry of Health and other interconnected sectors, with investments and guidelines to set up pharmaceutical services management in all government spheres and levels of care of the Unified Health System. In São Carlos, in the state of São Paulo, observations and experiences have shown that many of these policies have not achieved their intended results. This study aimed to analyze the public policies for pharmaceutical assistance in this city, under the perception of its actors and the view of the Science, Technology and Society (STS) field, as a way to investigate the subjective meanings, little detected in this scenario. The qualitative health research method was used in two stages: the consultation of the information provided by the official website of the municipality and the fieldwork. As a data collection tool, it was used a semi-structured interview with twelve public service workers of municipal pharmacy, followed by a dialectical hermeneutic analysis. We obtained the approval of the Ethical Committee on Human Research of the Federal University of São Carlos for the survey. The results indicate that most participants are women and permanent employees of City Hall. Five categories of analysis emerged and were able to be visualized from a cloud of words with the corpus of interviews. Not much information was found on the official website, making the path of the citizen difficult. It emerged in this context the existence of deficient human resources, precarious physical structure, little polished computerized system, numerous demands, lack of orientation and care to the user, dissatisfaction with the way of working, delimitation in the adjustment programs, and not full adequacy to the norms imposed by the pandemic, causing risks to the workers and users. The Pharmacy and Therapeutics Commission and the Municipal List of Essential Medicines were achievements, with several pharmaceutical specialties, ensuring access to treatment for many health problems. They have also been ineffective as instruments for the rational use of medicinal products. The analysis reveals differences in the structure, organization, management, and practices of local pharmaceutical services concerning the guidelines that shape public policy in the region in Brazil. It is essential that the needs of the population have priority over political interests, and it is up to public managers to direct efforts towards this achievement. The configuration of the actors involved in a network, supported by multi-professional actions in primary care, participatory management in the system, and pharmaceutical care contribute to the strengthening and (re)orientation to an adequate practice, deconstructing the approach of pharmaceutical services, public policy as simple drug delivery, with activity planning, effective technical conducts, health education, defense of the integrality of assistance and the right to life.
"Se podes ver, repara": a (re)educação do olhar em cena
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-25)
Peres, Helga Caroline
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Gomes, Luiz Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1570609498697528
This research is part of the investigations that focus on the link between cinematographic language and aesthetic formation. Specifically, we part from the critique of the way in which school education promoted by hegemonic school models appropriates cinema – demarcated, predominantly, by transforming movies into didactic objects that stand in the way of experience or, still, by maintaining fun and entertainment in line with semiformation - to investigate the character of a school formative proposition in tune with the aesthetic experience with cinematographic language and with a project of reeducation of the view. Our central objective is to explore and to understand the meanings of the aesthetic experience with cinema as pedagogical praxis. Our efforts are directed to the following question: could the appropriation of cinematographic language at school be re-signified in the direction of an aesthetic-cultural formation aimed to reeducation of the view? We consider the hypothesis that the reeducation of the view and the aesthetic experience, when seen as telos of a theoretical-critical formative orientation that aims to provide conditions for the critical-philosophical exercise around the cinematographic language, can only be read in the context of negativity - or, in other words, as a negative pedagogy of cinema. In order to embody the investigative process around it, we approach empirics based on the theoretical-methodological construct guided by Objective Hermeneutics, which then becomes the interpretive method of our data. We used the empirical reconstruction operated by this methodology to interpret the contradictions that emerge from what we named “pedagogical interventions”: didactic activities carried out by the researcher, in a classroom of the 5th year of Elementary School, in which students has watched five movies, which were later discussed collectively. The critical interpretation of the data from these interventions reveals that the experiences of the students with the presented movies were marked by a basic contradiction – which indicates that, at the same time that the reception of the movies presented strong marks of the model of the movie’s reception typical of entertainment, already consolidated by cultural industry, there was a kind of openness to experience and critical self-reflection, which to some extent come close to the senses of a deep and subjective experience mediated by fantasy and imagination. The interpretation of the data also reveals that didactic mediation, with regard to the experience with cinematographic language, becomes a decisive factor. Faced with this data, our thesis points to a negative pedagogy of cinema that remains open as a negative utopia, which can and must find a place on the margins, among the gaps that emerge from institutionalized pedagogy.
Enriquecendo a previsão de séries temporais usando informação textual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-25)
Cruz, Lord Flaubert Steve Ataucuri
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Silva, Diego Furtado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7662777934692986
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1425203651680429
The ability to extract knowledge and forecast stock trends is crucial to mitigate investors' risks and uncertainties in the market. The stock trend is affected by non-linearity, complexity, noise, and especially the surrounding events. External factors such as daily news became one of the investors' primary resources for making decisions about buying or selling assets. However, this kind of information appears very fast. There are thousands of news generated by numerous web sources, taking a long time to analyze them, which can cost millions of dollars losses for investors due to a late decision. Recent contextual language models have transformed the area of natural language processing. However, classification models that use news that influence stock values need to deal with the unlabeled, class imbalance, and dissimilar texts. Recent studies show that the prediction of time series substantially improves by considering external information. This work proposes a hybrid methodology with three phases, one for news mining, a model for representation compact features, and the forecast model of time series, which merge for a more accurate prediction of prices. Initially, a small corpus is built using as support the time series. After that, we label the corpus based on semi-supervised learning to assign labels to other unlabeled news. In the second phase, the mining model with a classifier is used, whose output is concatenated with time series features, so the compact model representation extracts new features in a latent space. Finally, we predicted future prices with this fused knowledge. In a case study with Bitcoin cryptocurrency, the proposed methodology achieved a 1.62% decrease in the mean absolute percentage error.
O contexto da gestão da inovação conforme o marco legal de ciência, tecnologia e inovação: as universidades, as patentes e um ambiente promotor de inovação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-25)
Verzola, Sabrina Carvalho
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Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2741060362395149
The management of technological innovation is premised on the performance of the State based on Science, Technology and Innovation policy in accordance with specific legislation in Brazil, which establishes the various legal instruments to drive and foster scientific, technological and innovation development. Consequently, public universities are the protagonists with regard to scientific production and patent filings, indicators that make up the spectrum of innovation as a dynamic and productive system to meet social demands and local and regional development. However, there is still the challenge of cooperation between the public and private sectors in the country, a factor that does not favour competitiveness and socioeconomic asymmetry in the country. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to analyse the context of the institutionalisation of innovation according to the Legal Framework for Science, Technology and Innovation, and to present the Supera Innovation and Technology Park of Ribeirão Preto, located in the state of São Paulo, as a concrete case for the integration between the State, Universities, companies and society according to local factors and technological aptitude. In addition, this research establishes the relevance of the role of the State and Municipality for the institution and formulation of innovation policies for the creation of favourable environments for innovation. To that end, the thesis consists of an interdisciplinary and exploratory qualitative research through the application of document and bibliographic analysis methods and field study based on the legal and theoretical foundation for the respective contextualisation of the Supera Scientific and Technological Park in Ribeirão Preto, as an instrument for the creation of favourable environments for innovation and an alternative for the reduction of socioeconomic inequalities. It is worth highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of the Science, Technology and Society field for the application of the Legal Framework for Science, Technology and Innovation and for Legal Sciences for the purpose of effective integration and the democratic participation of society. The intention is to underpin the discussion pertinent to solutions for social demands in addition to legal mechanisms relevant to the management of innovation, such as technological extension and social technology as a contribution from the Science, Technology and Society field.
Realidade, sujeito e sentido como unidade concreta: do antipsicologismo à ontologia fenomenológica de "O ser e o nada"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-25)
Paes, Gabriel Gurae Guedes
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Marques, Silene Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822141288006918
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9556325252489654
In the first chapter of the first part of The Being and the Nothing, “The origin of the negation”, Sartre distinguishes the abstract negation, merely judicative, from the real negation that occurs when I do not meet Pedro at the bar. This distinction is not secondary, but fundamental to understand that being-in-the-world is not divisible between representation on the one side and the reality of the world on the other. The world is a totality (not totalized, but it is a process of totalization) that constitutes human reality itself. In this totality there is no subject on one side and reality on the other, because it is in reality that we constitute our own being. Reality, as a human reality, occurs as a situation in the world. Between the abstraction of judicial denial and real denial in a situation such as not meeting Pedro at the bar, we were led to explore the difference not only between negative judgment and real denial, but also between the sense of the situation and the sense of judgment in general. Our aim is to show that sense, as a sense of a real situation in the world - as opposed to the referential sense of judgment - is a sense of a real subject that is inseparable from reality as a world. And to understand what reality is and what we mean, we go back to the sartrian works of phenomenological psychology ”prior to Being and Nothingness. In these works, Sartre declares himself an "antipsychologist", that is, he takes a stand against psychological conceptions that intend to transform consciousness (as imagination, perception, thought, emotion, etc.) into fact. Consciousness is not a fact, but a condition for the facts to present themselves as facts regulated within scientific hypotheses. There is an ontological variation of this antipsychology in Being and Nothingness that is expressed in the argument that we are not a thing with meaning, but giving meaning, not as a judicial act, but as a real action in a real situation. The sense, for having no basis for the action itself, is an unfounded foundation. If meaning is made in action, it would be absurd to want to make sense of the action, because we cannot make sense of the meaning as if it were a thing or a fact. An ontological experience of this observation occurs in anguish. And to say that we are real subjects in a real world, we have to show that reality is not identical with objectivity. Reality occurs not only as a thing or as a fact, but also as a condition for understanding the world as the world in which there are things and facts. In this way, the subject is a real subject, but not as a thing or fact. Thus, before analyzing a conception of the real meaning of a real subject, communicate a triple movement: (1) Show that consciousness is not a fact and at the same time (2) show that reality is not limited to the fact, in the end, (3) thinking about a real subject that is not factual. And so that the subject, as a constituent of meaning, is not divided between representation on the one hand and reality on the other, it is necessary to show that sense, as an existential sense, occurs immediately as an action in the world. To enter Sartrian “psychology phenomenology” he chooses The Imaginary, because in this work we can elucidate what Sartre understands by reality in relation to Husserl's idealism. And to understand the existential meaning in its relationship with the world, it will be inevitable to resort to Heidegger's Being and time.
Jovens [In] visíveis: trabalho e saberes nas trajetórias dos catadores e catadoras da Cooperativa de Recicláveis Santa Maria da cidade de Itapeva-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-25)
Souza, Tiago da Silva
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Corrochano, Maria Carla
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7714353975585252
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4699588954927469
This research analyzed the experiences related to work and school of the waste pickers, young and adults, from the Santa Maria Recyclable Cooperative, from the years in the municipal dump of Itapeva - São Paulo, to the present, on the cooperative's premises. With regard to the theoretical question, the research had the light of the most important youth research, trying to present a theme that could better understand poor youth and their precarious inclusion in the system, as is the case of waste pickers (Paulo Carrano, Juarez Dayrrel, Marilia Sposito and José de Souza Martins). As they are collectors of recyclable materials, important theoretical bases related to this world were presented (Rosalina Burgos and Antônio Bosi). Popular education was explored and reflected, seeking to understand the knowledge produced and its relationship with the formation of the Santa Maria Cooperative (Paulo Freire, Boaventura de Souza Santos, Jacob Lima, Lia Tiriba and Maria Clara Fisher). The research used the qualitative method, presenting the result through semi-structured interviews, which were given by young people and adults, being more specifically two women and four men. The interviews were conducted face-to-face between the months of October 2019 and February 2020. Through the interviews, it was possible to understand the meaning of the work for the men and women waste pickers, very connected to the work they did at the dump, a place of forgetfulness. On the other hand, the work presented itself as a central point of transformation in their lives, especially what they do today in the cooperative, which is linked to the knowledge that they produced in solidarity with others in the search for sustenance and for a more dignified life. With regard to school, exclusion from school emerges in an expressive way, but their dreams are still, in some way, related to the completion of studies.
Relaxação estrutural de vidros metassilicato de chumbo e dissilicato de lítio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-25)
Lancelotti, Ricardo Felipe
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Zanotto, Edgar Dutra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3671237918412066
Glasses are thermodynamically unstable and spontaneously relax towards the supercooled liquid state. The relaxation time varies from seconds at temperatures above the glass transition to geological times at room temperature. Structural relaxation occurs because the unstable system tends to decrease its free energy. It is a process that depends on the thermal history, temperature of interest, and chemical composition of the glass. The glass properties change gradually with structure changes, which allows following the process through their measurements. In this work, structural relaxation of lead metasilicate and lithium disilicate glasses was studied by measuring the refractive index, glass transition temperature, and ionic conductivity over time of isothermal treatment. The Kohlrausch equation described well the experimental data. The characteristic relaxation time exponentially decreases, and the Kohlrausch exponent increases when the temperature increases. The average structural relaxation times were compared with that calculated by the Maxwell equation, which uses viscosity and shear modulus data. The results showed that the average structural relaxation time is slightly longer but close to that calculated via equilibrium viscosity. The relaxation curves are reproducible and cumulative with the time of isothermal heat treatment, but with different kinetics depending on the samples’ thermal history. When the three properties analyzed are compared, the beginning of relaxation is faster via ionic conductivity than via refractive index, which in turn, is faster than via glass transition temperature. However, it is the opposite for relaxing 99 % (revealing differences in the Kohlrausch exponent). Raman spectroscopy experiments did not identify significant changes after relaxation in the Qn species population, but they showed a small crystallization of the samples treated for relatively long periods below the glass transition.
Impacto da hospitalização por exacerbação da DPOC sobre o nível de atividade física e força muscular de quadríceps – um estudo longitudinal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-25)
Oliveira, Bruna Shara Vidal de
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Di Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9071791546812165
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9335275837481896
Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has systemic manifestations. Reductions in the level of physical activity and quadriceps muscle strength are some of the most prevalent systemic manifestations that worsen during the exacerbation of COPD. However, longitudinal studies are necessary in relation to the impact of hospitalization for exacerbation of COPD on the level of physical activity of daily living and quadriceps muscle strength, both during exacerbation and after hospital discharge. Aims: To evaluate the level of physical activity and muscle strength of quadriceps during and after hospitalization due to exacerbation of COPD. Methods: This is a longitudinal observational study in which 24 patients with COPD exacerbation (66 ± 7.61 years) were evaluated 48-72 hours after the start of drug therapy, 30 days and three months after hospital discharge. The assessment at the three moments included a quadriceps muscle strength test using a manual dynamometer (Microfet 2®), AFVD level with an accelerometer for seven days (activPAL3TM PAL Technologies Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom). Cognition, dyspnea, general health, physical performance, and lung function were assessed to characterize the sample. Results: Inactive time (sitting / lying time) showed a significant reduction in the 30 days after hospital discharge (1,151 ± 249 - 1,065 ± 198 min; p = 0.02). In addition, there was an increase in active time (standing and walking time) (344 ± 260 - 447 ± 199 min; p = 0.04) and number of steps (4,241 ± 3,744 - 6,216 ± 4,008 steps; p = 0.02 ) after three months. However, the quadriceps muscle strength did not show any significant difference either in 30 days (173 ± 74 –185 ± 51 N; 64 ± 26–64 (57-76) % of predicted; p = 0.97) and in three months (173 ± 74 –190 ± 55 N; 64 ± 26–63 (58-82) % of predicted; p = 0.60) after hospitalization. Conclusion: The level of AFVD improved due to the reduction of inactive time in the 30 days of hospital discharge and an increase in the number of steps after three months of hospital discharge. In addition, there was no improvement in quadriceps muscle strength at 30 days and three months after hospitalization. The results of this study support the importance of identifying functional losses during and after hospitalization and reinforces the development of specific strategies and early interventions aimed at improving quadriceps muscle strength and the level of AFVD.
Bioacumulação de metais presentes no material particulado atmosférico sedimentável em tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-25)
Fortes, William Manuel Pereira Antunes
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Souza, Iara da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5391583114634391
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
The occurrence of sedimentary atmospheric particulate matter (MPAS) containing metals and metallic nanoparticles has increased in the world, causing the contamination of aquatic environments, as is the case for Espírito Santo, southeast region of Brazil. MPAS was collected in Vitória’s bay surroundigs, ES, to evaluate the bioaccumulation pattern of metals in Oreochromis niloticus and its possible effects on the gills. The metal profile of MPAS was analyzed and, subsequently, specimens of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to MPAS (1g/L) in a semi-static system, for 30 days, with daily sampling of water for physicochemical parameters analysis and chemical profiling of the dissolved metals. Every 3 days, specimens of tilapia were picked for analysis of bioaccumulation (Total: 11 sample collection) of metals in the viscera and fillet, and every 6 days specimens were picked for histological analysis and determination of the metallothionein concentration in gills (Total: 6 sample collection). For the multi-element analysis, the samples were prepared by acid digestion method and the concentration of metals determined by ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). The following metals were identified and quantified: B, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ba, Bi, W, Ti, Zr, Y, La, Nb, Ce in the MPAS. Ta has been identified but not quantified. Six metals (Cu, Fe, Al, Zn, Mn, Pb) were chosen/picked for analysis in the fish’s viscera and fillet based on the following criteria: higher concentration in MPAS and limits determined by Brazilian and USA legislation. The concentration of Cu in water was higher than the limits established for freshwater from day 3 to day 15 and on day 24. The concentration of Fe was higher from day 3 to day 12. Al concentration was higher on all days, except on the 18th day. Pb’s concentration only exceeded the limit on the 6th day. The determined bioconcentration factor (BCF) was >1 for all metals analyzed, confirming their bioaccumulation in tilapia. Some metals such as Al, Fe, Mn and Pb showed similar accumulation patterns with significant increase in concentration in the first days until reaching a peak, followed by the subsequent decrease. Cu and Zn showed different bioaccumulation pattern with several peaks and persistence of a high concentration throughout the exposure. There was preferential bioaccumulation of those metals in the viscera compared to the fillet. The analysis of histopathology and the concentration of metallothionein in the gills showed no significant alteration after exposure to MPAS. Exposure to higher concentrations of MPAS may trigger more severe responses.
Padrões de interação estratégica nas eleições presidenciais de 2018: atores e temáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-25)
Gregorio, Paulo Cesar dos Santos
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Ribeiro, Pedro José Floriano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6336151484882362
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2129229489875840
Right-wing movements have a growing order today and find support in the pillars and logic of modern democracy, supporting the ideals of liberalism, conservatism, authoritarianism and populism. This recent scenario is accompanied by growing dissatisfaction with politics and has had repercussions on both recent and consolidated democracies. In Brazil, social actors linked to the right-wing gained social representation and visibility, disseminating an anti-system discourse partially attributed to the impact of anti-corruption operations and the economic recession between 2014 and 2016. Indeed, in the elections for the presidency 2018, the disintegration of the electoral alliance traditionally held with MDB/PSDB and the fragmentation of the candidacies of right and center-right parties, provoked a change in the dynamic of strategic interaction that would have ceased to be polarized between PT and PSDB. Therefore, we have set the main objective of this work to identify and understand the patterns of strategic interaction in the 2018 presidential elections, indicating which were the themes prioritized by the parties, either by the emphasis on advantageous subjects in relation to the electorate or, when in network interaction with other parties, those who consider harmful to the opponent. In a first block, we noticed in all the applications the appeal anti System and Political Reform. In the spectrum of center-right and right-wing applications, the prominence in both the Manifesto and the television campaign advertising (HGPE) is based mainly on liberal economic ideology - with the exception of the PSL, in the emphasis of conservative values in topics such as family, abortion and the nationalist narrative in HGPE. Our results also point out that although PT and PSL have not significantly interacted with each other, these parties were, through the interaction of third ones - notably PSDB, MDB, PODEMOS and PDT -, the central poles in the strategic interaction network built on HGPE. Constituting as a strategy of those who are at a disadvantage in the electoral race, the negative propaganda, directed primarily to the PSL and the PT, did not have the expected effect. On the contrary, the evidence presented here suggests that it may have boosted both applications, especially that of the PSL. Consisting of networks of mostly direct interactions, carried out by the opposing candidate himself or by the narrator off, PT and PSL were associated, respectively, with corruption and the spread of fake news and, together, with polarization.
Memórias docentes e Educação Infantil: diálogos com a formação de professores na cidade de Sorocaba - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-25)
Sewaybricker, Gabriela Maldonado
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Fortunato, Ivan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8293044394759438
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Santos, Maria Walburga dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696
This research focuses on registering and understanding aspects of teacher’s education’s history for Childhood Education in the city of Sorocaba, São Paulo. We intend to build a dialogue about the differences and convergences between the realities of two centuries, promoting reflection about the following problems: How the factors of the past (20th century) influenced current context in Sorocaba’s Childhood Education, considering formation, practices and motivation for and from teachers? We use as reference author such as Ecléa Bosi (1994; 2003), Jacques Le Goff (1984; 1990; 2003), Peter Burke (2005; 2010; 2011), Tizuko Morshida Kishimoto (1986; 1999), Moysés Kuhlmann Júnior (2000; 2011) and support in Oral History, using as method the narrative interview, with the purpose of register teacher’s memories who are also protagonists of Education’s History. Seven teachers were interviewed with ages about 32 and 80 years old. The register of their memories contributes to the comprehension of some of the Childhood’ Education’ problematics in town, indicating possible solutions