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Lidando com o inimigo: caracterização comportamental, molecular e cardiovascular de roedores resilientes e susceptíveis ao estresse de derrota social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-10) Silva, Gessynger Morais; Marin, Marcelo Tadeu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7920438802539727; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3204284578353385
Despite the well-known correlation between prolonged stress and the development of diseases, not every individual exposed to stressful situations develops stress-related disorders. This individual difference could be related to their ability to cope with the adverse events, that is, their resilience or susceptibility to the stress. In the context, this work aimed to evaluate the differences between the resilient and susceptible phenotypes in an animal model of psychosocial stress exposure. In the chapter 1, we evaluated the behavioral, molecular and cardiovascular differences in the resilient and susceptible phenotypes to the social defeat stress (SDS) in rats, and the effect of the N-Acetylcysteine (N-AC) treatment in such alterations. In the chapter 2, we evaluated the role of the ventral pallidum Npas1+ neurons in the susceptibility to the SDS in mice. Using the repeated SDS exposure followed by the social interaction test (SIT), we identified Wistar rats as resilient or susceptible to the SDS in the chapter 1. The susceptible rats showed social avoidance, depressive-like behavioral alterations, long-term memory impairment and cardiovascular alterations related to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Except for memory impairment, resilient rats did not develop the alterations found in the susceptible phenotype, in addition to show cardiovascular alterations related to a protective effect from the stress consequences in the cardiovascular system. These two phenotypes showed distinct alterations in the expression of DeltaFosB and the cystine-glutamate exchanger in the brain. The N-AC treatment reverted the depressive-like behavioral alterations in the susceptible rats to the SDS, but did not altered the DeltaFosB expression related to the stress-coping phenotypes. In the chapter 2, we verified that the activation of the ventral pallidum Npas1+ neurons increased the susceptibility to the SDS in mice, in addition to increase the anxiety-like behaviors. These neurons projects to diverse encephalic areas important in the stress-response, especially the nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area and lateral habenula. In conclusion, susceptible rats to the SDS showed numerous behavioral and cardiovascular alterations after repeated stress exposure, which are absent in the resilient rats. Such alterations seem to be related to DeltaFosB expression in brain areas related to stress-response. The N-AC treatment in able to revert the behavioral alterations, besides not being effective to change the neuronal molecular alterations related to stress exposure. The SDS susceptibility could be related to the activity of the ventral pallidum Npas1+ neurons, since their activation increased the SDS susceptibility in mice.
Conjunto de dados de annealing aplicados a Termocronologia por traços de fissão em Zircão: estudo de caso de uma amostra brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-10) Sales, Antonio Said Webbe; Silva, Adriana de Oliveira Delgado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2707979913713089; Dias, Airton Natanael Coelho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070166380084691; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0758819539667956
Fission Track Thermochronology (TTF) has been used for decades as a technique that makes it possible to date and infer the thermal history of rocks in regions of geological interest, from different minerals. The methodology is based on the study of fission tracks spontaneously generated by 238U or induced in a nuclear reactor by 235U, which after a chemical attack can be observed under an optical microscope. Specifically, this project focused on the study of the zircon mineral, which is a mineral that is very abundant in nature and that contains about dozens of ppm of uranium in its chemical composition. Therefore, it can be used as a thermochronometer in the TTF, where the density and length of the fission tracks in the mineral are useful for dating and inferring the thermal history of the rocks present on the Earth's surface. This is because the temperature to which this mineral has been exposed for millions of years causes the fission tracks to shorten. This phenomenon is known as annealing and can be better understood from kinetic models, known as annealing models. Such models use a data set that shows how the phenomenon interferes with fission tracks. The data set available for the calibration of TTF systems using NST zircon is extracted from a region that has a thermal history defined by a rapid cooling and the absence of a subsequent geological heating, being its dating from the Miocene geological era (~ 22 Ma). Therefore, the objective of this work is to obtain a new set of annealing data with zircons obtained from a region with a thermal history and geological era different from the NST zircon. For this, a sample of Poços de Caldas-MG was chosen, called ZPC whose dating back to the Mesozoic era (~ 80 Ma). Two aliquots were prepared: one containing only spontaneous fission traces (238U) and the other with only induced fission tracks (235U). Both aliquots were subjected to heating experiments for 1, 10 and 100 hours at a temperature between 500 and 800 ° C. The results showed the fission traces of the ZPC sample have behavior compatible with those of the sample commonly used by the scientific community. The new set of annealing data from the Brazilian sample was applied to annealing models and has potential as a data source for reconstructing thermal histories in regions of geological interest.
Modelos de regressão misto para resposta limitada usando distribuições do tipo Johson-SB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-10) Piccirilli, Giovanni Pastori; Bazán Guzmán, Jorge Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7302778157579178; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3537295929023333
In this work, new properties, estimation methods, residual analysis and extensions are developed for regression models in the (0,1) interval considering the Johnson-SB type distributions (JSB). The extensions are zero-and-one inflated models and mixed regression models. New mixed-effects models for bounded longitudinal data in the interval $(0,1)$ based on the $JSB$ distributions are presented. The penalized likelihood estimators are obtained by maximizing the penalized likelihood and are computed by the Rigby and Stasinopoulos (RS) algorithm. From the Bayesian perspective, the No-U-Turn-Sampler (NUTS) is used to sample from the posterior distribution. Residual analysis is performed considering randomized quantile residuals. Simulation studies considering robustness to outliers from the distributions and extensions of the models to support 0 and 1 observations are presented. Three real data sets motivate the use of the new models. The first dataset contains the proportion of individuals vulnerable to poverty of the 645 municipalities from São Paulo state in Brazil and with no covariate. The second dataset incorporates the proportion of votes obtained by a political party in five Brazilian presidential elections, every four years, from 1994 to 2010, from the 75 municipalities from Sergipe state in Brazil. The third dataset comes from the public health area in Brazilian states. It contains the mortality rates from bronchial and lung cancer from the 27 Brazilian states over the last 30 years. The aim is to identify if factors like sex, age, and the Municipal Human Development Index of the state can influence the mortality rate. The $JSB$ mixed regression models and the Beta mixed model were applied. The $JSB$ mixed models display better values than the Beta mixed model for the model comparison criteria. The results and the residual analysis reveal that the $JSB$ models are an alternative to the Beta model.
O Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) para a publicação de dados de pesquisa nos princípios Linked Data
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-10) Tomoyose, Kazumi; Arakaki, Ana Carolina Simionato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9896600626524397; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794584054375201
With the development of semantic technologies, the importance and the recognition of data as information sources grow. In this context, the data generated from researches are increasingly valued, since their publication allows the foundation of the results obtained with the scientific works, also helping in the production of new knowledge in a sustainable way. Thus, there is a need to organize these research data, so as to optimize their retrieval. For this purpose, vocabularies could be used. From the standardization of data representation, vocabularies allow data to be organized and retrieved efficiently. When considering the Web environment, the discovery of new data is also improved, using Linked Data principles, and the Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) appears as a vocabulary aimed at describing catalogs and its datasets, seeking to favor their interoperability. The objective of the research is to analyze the characteristcs and fundamentals of the Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) and the vocabularies adopted by it, for the publication of research data in the Linked Data principles, in order to identify the discussion on the subject in the literature and verify the use of it. Through exploratory, descriptive and theoretical research, it was possible to systematize and analyze the characteristics of the vocabularies, identifying that DCAT allows catalogs and datasets to be standardized, reducing ambiguity issues and providing the discovery of data and data services, since it has specific terms for this purpose. Thus, in line with Linked Data principles, the use of DCAT allows the benefits of sharing research data to be accomplished. An analysis of re3data platforms was also carried out in order to identify the current use of vocabulary by them, where we verified low adoption of DCAT. However, the results indicate the concern of these platforms with issues of findability, accessibility, interoperability and reuse, going against the Linked Data principles and the FAIR principles. The research revealed that there are few discussions about DCAT in the literature, especially in the scope of Information Science. Thus, we point to the need to better explore the possibilities of representing information in the context of research data. In addition, further discussions that align the knowledge of the area with the semantic tools and concepts applied to the Web enhance the benefits of finding, using and retrieving information, in addition to expanding and improving the knowledge and possibilities of information professionals' performance.
Os desafios políticos e pedagógicos no enfrentamento à evasão no Cursinho Educação e Cidadania
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-10) Pereira, Abner Santos; Torres, Juliana Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083345943491817; Mendonça, Viviane Melo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4827331651090223; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2050750194585355
This paper the thecnical and pedagogic issues in Cursinho Educação e Cidadania (CEC) and also the consequences of the implementation of a political-pedagogical reorientation project, regarding the dropout of class and team. We seek to criticaly understand the reasons for dropout and which policies were implemented in order to modify the scenario.