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Impacto do uso de realçador de sabor obtido de subproduto de cogumelo sobre a qualidade de hambúrguer bovino com redução de sódio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-22)
França, Fabiana
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Selani, Miriam Mabel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4857619853197645
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087827996196146
Sodium has essential functions in the body, but its excessive ingestion can cause a series of chronic diseases, such as hypertension and cardiovascular problems. Due to this, the demand for low-salt meat products is increasing. One of the main alternatives to reduce sodium in these products is the use of flavor enhancers. Mushroom is known to be a natural flavor enhancer. During its harvest, part of the stipe is discarded, which could be used to obtain umami compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sodium reduction and the addition of natural flavor enhancer (RSN) obtained from mushroom stipe on the physicochemical and texture characteristics, as well as to evaluate the free amino acids content and the volatile compounds profile of beef burgers. After obtaining the RSN, it was applied in 2 concentrations in beef burgers with 3 levels of salt reduction, totaling 6 treatments, in addition to the control. The color of raw burgers was not affected by the formulations, whereas cooked burgers did not change their redness, but showed a slight increase in the L* and b* parameters. There was a slight increase in the pH of raw samples with the addition of the umami ingredient, but cooking minimized these differences. Water activity varied slightly between treatments, only for raw burgers. There was no effect of treatments on cooking loss and diameter reduction. The hardness and chewiness had their values reduced with the decrease of salt and increase of umami ingredient, resulting in softer burgers. The addition of RSN to beef burgers increased the content of the free amino acids proline and phenylalanine. The volatile profile of beef burgers showed a slight increase in compounds also found in the RSN, such as some aldehydes, alcohols and sulfur compounds. The results obtained show that the reduction of salt and the addition of a flavor enhancer obtained from shitake stipes is viable for application in beef burger, considering the physicochemical parameters, texture and the profile of free amino acids and volatile compounds, thus emphasizing the opportunity and the potential for the development of healthier burgers.
Manual de experimentos de física utilizando um smartphone
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-22)
Freitas, Renan Gustavo Beloni
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Brandl, Ana Lúcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308757619164141
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6264527062338417
This work aims to propose a physics experiment manual to be used in high school and elementary school, containing four low-cost scripts based on the acquisition of data through different sensors available on smartphones through a free application called Physics Toolbox . Based on the assumptions of David Ausubel's learning theory and how it can be applied in a teaching context based on experimental activities carried out in groups, it is expected that the application of the proposed scripts will bring greater meaning to the concepts covered in comparison with purely theoretical classes. , as well as encourage teachers who use the tools presented to develop their own proposals. Each script was designed to be completed in two classes, within a common classroom, with proposals that fall mainly in the investigative and verification fields. Its content presents, in addition to the methodology of the proposal and class for which it is intended, a brief introduction encompassing the related physics content and the specific sensor that will be used, with each of the manual's scripts being able to be worked independently of the others. The chosen themes are related to the content of Mechanics, Acoustics and Electromagnetism. Due to the impossibility of developing the work in the school environment due to the social distance imposed by the pandemic of COVID-19, the results of the experiments carried out by the author and fellow professors participating in the MNPEF are presented and discussed, together with their impressions related to the development of proposals. The analysis of these results demonstrates a great precision of the data obtained with the smartphone and minimum difficulty of execution, that added to the other functionalities of the employed applicationsuggests excellent possibilities of execution of the proposed experiments inside the school.
Adaptação transcultural do instrumento “The Short Child Occupational Profile” (SCOPE) para a Língua Portuguesa do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-22)
Mazak, Mayara Soler Ramos
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Cid, Maria Fernanda Barboza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8595043315867424
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3589109643577313
Background: The assessment The Short Child Occupational Profile (SCOPE) is a tool developed by American occupational therapists that makes it possible to systematically assess factors that facilitate or restrict participation in the occupations of children and adolescents, and these factors are based on the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). In Brazil, there are some assessments created by occupational therapists who evaluate the children and adolescents population, however, despite the diversified nature of these assessments, the need for a change in the sense of evaluations is discussed, leaving the strict focus of the disabilities and assuming another configuration, more focused on the analysis of the client's skills and for the environmental variables that support occupational performance, contributing to better possibilities of production of life. In this sense, there is a need for further studies that develop or encourage the use of Occupational Therapy assessments that can assess the occupational participation of children and adolescents in the most different fields of activity of the profession, understanding SCOPE as an appropriate tool to this end. Objective: To carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the SCOPE to the Portuguese language of Brazil. Method: The present study was developed based on the six steps of the method proposed by Beaton and collaborators (2000) regarding cross-cultural adaptation research, namely: Step 1. Initial translation of the assessment by two different translators; 2. Synthesis: the two translators, together, reached a single version of the assessment; 3. Back-translation: reverse translation done by three translators, the result of which was analyzed and validated by the main author of the original assessment; 4. Committee of Experts: the Portuguese version was analyzed by a committee composed of occupational therapists from different fields of activity who verified whether the translated version reflected the same content as the original version in relation to the equivalences: semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual, and after adjustments, the pre-final version of the assessment was obtained; 5. Pre-Test: through an online interview, the pre-final version of the assessment was presented to 20 participants including family members of children and adolescents accompanied by occupational therapists in a school clinic to assess the understanding of the assessment's phrases ; 6. Final Review: the last step consisted of the analysis of the final report of the cross-cultural adaptation process by the author of the original assessment for the approval of the final version. Results: The translation and back-translation processes showed few discrepancies between the terms, obtaining good resolution between the translators for the elaboration of the synthesis. In relation to the Expert Committee, all suggestions for changes were analyzed and duly incorporated into the pre-final version of the assessment, which in turn, in the Pre-Test stage, presented a good or excellent understanding of the phrases by the participants. Finally, the Brazilian version of SCOPE was approved by the main author of the original. Conclusion: It was successful in the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the assessment for Brazil, currently entitled: Initial Occupational Profile of Children and Adolescents (SCOPE-BRASIL), being able to undergo further studies to obtain psychometric validation measures with the Brazilian population.
Um jogo de tabuleiro envolvendo conceitos de mineralogia no ensino de química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-23)
Santos, Karen Ouverney
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Benedetti Filho, Edemar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5963704923612696
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3809541916156428
This paper describes the development and application of the board game "Minerals", aiming at teaching concepts of mineralogy in High School. Once concluded the artistic conception, assembly of pieces, boards and rules definition, the game was submitted to a team of undergraduate students in Chemistry, in order to assess its pedagogical potential, as well as its playfulness, dynamics and playability. Subsequently, the game was introduced to high school students from a state public school, in order to analyze its applicability and effectiveness in the teaching of concepts generally unexplored at this school level. Results showed an excellent acceptance of the game by the students, as well as its contribution to the learning of concepts on an important theme, which is very little explored in Basic Education. Furthermore, the work involved undergraduate students in Chemistry, whom had the opportunity of experiencing the development and application of a playful teaching tool.
Desenvolvimento de dispersões sólidas e membranas baseadas em praziquantel-poli(álcool vinílico) na terapêutica de esquistossomose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-23)
Silva, Vanessa Bezerra da
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Silva, Caio Marcio Paranhos da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7793686262868668
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1145646563114694
Schistosomosis is a parasitic disease considered neglected and endemic in 75 countries. It is estimated that 240 million people are infected and 700 to 800 million people are at risk. Despite that, there is no effective vaccine. Therefore, oral medications continue to be used a lot. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug mostly used in this case, however it has low solubility in water and is extremely bitter, making it difficult for children between 3 months and 6 years keep the treatment. Solid dispersion (SD) is a very useful pharmaceutical technology to increase dissolution, absorption, bioavailability and, consequently, the efficiency of a drug and also mask flavors. In order to study the interactions between praziquantel (PZQ) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), SDs and membranes were prepared and characterized in terms of their microstructure, swelling, release and dissolution. The results show that the crystalline structure is not modified with freeze-thaw cycles and the drug is an obstacle to crystals formation. The swelling measurements show that, for membranes, the amount of PZQ does not influence the sample’s swelling. The XRD shows that the position of PZQ’s peaks is in accordance with the diffraction patterns of the racemic form and that the drugs’ peaks overlap the PVA bands. The infrared spectroscopy shows that for membranes it is clear that the more PZQ in the sample, the smaller is the C–H ring bonds movement, suggesting that the interaction between the polymeric matrix and the drug is given through interactions within the rings in addition to the hydrogen bonds. For the DSs, however, the change between the polymer-drug proportions analyzed is not clear. As for the release, the DS with the highest release for all tested pHs is the sample with a 1:2 ratio (PZQ: PVA) and placed in the Turrax at 20,000 rpm, showing that the processing is important.
Participação do óxido nítrico no efeito hipotensivo e vasodilatador induzido pela fotobiomodulação utilizando laser de 660 nm
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-24)
Buzinari, Tereza Cristina
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Rodrigues, Gerson Jhonatan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6725550216586910
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8950184250539748
Introduction: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive therapeutic modality used to treat several pathologies. Studies indicate that nitric oxide (NO) can be released from endogenous “stocks” by photolysis, favoring the biological effects of NO. Aim: Evaluate whether the application of red laser induces a decrease in blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and whether this effect is dependent on the release of NO stock. Methods: Direct measurement (Basal, Sham and after FBM) of the hemodynamic parameters of hypertensive L-NAME and SHR rats was performed. Rats treated with L-NAME produce less NO and, consequently, less NO stock. A red laser (660 nm) was used; 80 mW; 56 seconds/point (6 points, abdominal region); 4.5 J; 63 J/cm2 per point. Normotensive and L-NAME rats were euthanized by decapitation, and the thoracic aorta was collected dissected for vascular reactivity study. Three laser applications were performed on the same aortic ring: first, after phenylephrine contraction; second, after endothelial integrity testing by acetylcholine; third, after incubation for 30 minutes with the NO donor DETA-NO, PBS or Hydroxicobalamin. The irradiation parameters for vascular reactivity were: red laser (660 nm); 100 mW; 56 seconds; 5.6J; 96 J/cm2. Endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with DETA-NO or CuSO4, with subsequent application of PBM (4.5 J) and addition of a selective fluorescent probe for NO (DAF-2 DA). Results: there was a decrease in systolic blood pressure in SHR (mean of 14 mmHg) and an increase in serum NO was detected by chemiluminescent reaction. Hypertensive L-NAME rats did not exhibit a decrease in blood pressure after PBM. PBM promoted vasodilation in the aorta isolated from normotensive rats, and less effect in the aorta of L-NAME rats and the addition of the NO donor, DETA-NO, promoted greater vasodilation by PBM in the aorta of L-NAME rats, however, the addition Hydroxycobalamin has abolished the vasodilator effect of PBM. In endothelial cells, an increase in NO, after PBM, was detected, however with the addition of CuSO4, which catalyzes the decomposition of NO stocks, there was no detection of NO after PBM. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that, acutely, irradiation with red laser (660 nm) promotes a hypotensive and vasodilation effect through a mechanism that involves the mobilization of NO stock.
As políticas penais e de segurança pública de FHC a Bolsonaro: um estudo sobre rupturas e continuidades na Nova República
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-24)
Pereira, Jordana Dias
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Sinhoretto, Jacqueline
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8555765096768432
This dissertation deals with the production of criminal and public security policies in the New Republic. Through bibliographic review and analysis of biographies, speeches, government intention programs, and normative acts and bills issued by the Federal Executive Branch from 1997 (year in which the National Secretariat of Public Security was formed) to 2020, one can find some elements of continuities and ruptures. The study falls within the sociology of punishment with a focus on the analytical framework created by David Garland. Following his analytical model, it is possible to affirm that from FHC to Temer the answers regarding the question of an increase in crime have a character that is sometimes more reactive, sometimes more assuring. In addition to this, in the period between the aforementioned presidents, to a greater or lesser extent, efforts were made to create instruments for the development of public security policies. This model, however, proved to be limited when analyzing the current experience. In Bolsonaro, one finds a fourth type, the anti-modern response. These dynamics of criminal and public security policy production in Brazil are explained on the one hand, by a more global trend such as Modern Penal Rationality supported also by punitive populism and is marked by the context of neoliberalism; and on the other hand, in the particularities of the country, which are marked by a late - and never concluded - modernization process and low-intensity citizenship.
Boas práticas em laboratório químico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-25)
Lins, Aline Obage
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Faez, Roselena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0654750186618555
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8583471973125177
A chemistry laboratory is a place for teaching, research, and extension activities, as well as for industrial use. Regardless of the purpose, the laboratory exhibits particularities that need to be previously known to avoid the occurrence of accidents. In order to recognize the laboratory spaces and to propose preventive safety measures, this work aimed to prepare a questionnaire and a manual of good laboratory practices. Accordingly, we performed a bibliographic review detailing all aspects of a laboratory. Besides, we based our highlights based on the observation of the Laboratory of Polymeric and Biosorbent Materials - Lab-MPB of the Federal University of São Carlos, in order to obtain a basis to elaborate on specific issues in this area. The results will help users to execute their activities with higher safety and efficiency.
Durabilidade de compósitos cimentícios de ultra alto desempenho com incorporação de pó de vidro frente à ação de cloretos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-25)
Soares, Silvete Mari
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Salvador Filho, José Américo Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8494783082862407
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Ferreira, Fernanda Giannotti da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329487394818763
Reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in civil construction, in Brazil and worldwide, due to the ease of taking on different shapes and for protecting the reinforcement from external actions and, thus, guaranteeing its durability. In order to build more resistant and durable structures, reinforced concrete started to be studied not as a material of high mechanical resistance, but as a material of high performance. High performance concrete (HPC) is a concrete with high mechanical resistance and with characteristics that guarantee its greater durability in the face of aggressive environments, among other requirements. Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) is a material that has low permeability to chlorides, moisture and oxygen with a matrix composition that has a low water / binder ratio and, therefore, exhibits high mechanical performance and against corrosion of the reinforcement, be used to repair concrete structures. UHPC is generally designed with a high cement content, ranging between 800 and 1,000 kg/m3, which affects production costs, consumes natural sources of raw material and negatively affects the environment through 〖CO〗_2 emissions. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) have been widely used to partially replace Portland cement in concrete, both as filling material and as pozzolanic material. In this sense, glass powder is a good alternative due to its silica-rich nature and the large amount available that, in many cases, is disposed of in landfills or not, inappropriately. The hypothesis considered is the feasibility of using glass powder at high levels to replace Portland cement, maintaining the characteristics of high mechanical resistance and durability against the action of chlorides in ultra high performance cementitious composites, providing a reduction in the consumption of Portland cement. This work is justified by the better knowledge of the use of recycled glass powder in the ultra high performance cementitious composite, especially with regard to durability against chlorides, with the analysis of several factors and possible problems that this partial substitution may cause. The general objective is to evaluate the influence of the substitution of Portland cement by different levels of recycled glass powder in an ultra high performance cementitious composite in the mechanical resistance and durability against the attack by chlorides, being one of its specific objectives to determine the ideal content of glass powder to be incorporated into cementitious composites. Cementitious composites with different contents of recyclable glass powder were developed (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 50%). For that, mechanical tests were carried out and related to durability, such as: water absorption, resistance to chloride penetration, penetration front, total chloride content, chloride diffusion and migration, electrical resistivity and corrosion potential of cementitious composites. Regarding the microstructure, X-ray diffraction tests, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and computed tomography were performed. The mechanical results obtained were favorable to the incorporation of glass powder at high contents, since the mechanical strength remain high. Regarding the durability against the attack of chloride ions, the results were also favorable to the incorporation of high contents of substitution of Portland cement by glass powder, indicating a high capacity of CUAD to protect steel against the action of chloride ions. And finally, it is recommended to use the 50% content of incorporation of glass powder to replace Portland cement because it has high mechanical resistance, high resistance to attack by chlorides, in addition to the use of these cementitious composites contributes to the reduction environmental pollution, since the studied incorporations are waste.
Número de Nielsen-Borsuk-Ulam para aplicações entre toros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-25)
Melo, Givanildo Donizeti de
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Vendrúscolo, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1003922857436099
The Nielsen-Borsuk-Ulam number is a lower bound for the minimal number of pair of coincidences points such that f(x) = f(\tau(x)) in a given homotopy class of maps. In this text the Nielsen-Borsuk-Ulam number, NBU(f; \tau), is calculated for any mapsf : T^n \to T^n where T^n is the torus of dimension n with n less than or equal to 3 and \tau is any free involution in Tn. Furthermore, it is concluded that the tori T^1, T^2 and T^3 are Wecken spaces in the Nielsen-Borsuk-Ulam theory and that the triple (Tn; \tau ;Tn) don't have the Borsuk-Ulam property for any free involution \tau.
Filmes finos supercondutores sob um campo magnético inomogêneo: diminuição da profundidade da frente de fluxo magnético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-25)
Araújo, Ítalo Moreira de
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Motta, Maycon
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8340540626164812
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Ortiz, Wilson Aires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241177338066307
The phenomenon of superconductivity was discovered by scientist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911, while studying the resistivity of mercury when cooled below 4,2 K. As predicted by Alexei Abrikosov in 1957, materials from a class of superconductors - currently labeled as Type II - when in the presence of a magnetic field, do admit the entry of flux, in the form of vortices, even being in the superconducting state. A relevant problem for the application of superconductors is the movement of these vortices in the material, which generates dissipation and leads to a local increase in temperature, making the superconducting state less robust. One of the strategies used to avoid this unwanted effect, which results from the viscous movement of vortices, is the artificial inclusion of pinning centers, which act as potential wells for the vortices, making it difficult for them to move. Recently, a considerable number of studies have been directed to the so-called conformal arrangements, which are characterized by the maintenance of the hexagonal symmetry of the original vortex lattice and the introduction of a gradient in the spatial distribution of pinning centers, in the form of arcs, promoting a local increase in the critical current, especially in regimes of high fields and temperatures. In a recent study, performed using computer simulations carried out based on the Ginzburg-Landau theory, it was shown that through combinations of homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic fields, it is possible to produce a conformal arrangement of vortices even in a specimen without artificial inclusions. It was precisely this study that inspired the work described here. Thus, with the use of the magneto-optic imaging technique based on the Faraday Effect, the distribution of magnetic flux and the penetration depth of the flux front in the superconducting phase of the studied device was mapped. It consists of a square film of Nb, surrounded by a loop, also square, of Nb. The device was lithographed from a 200 nm thick Nb film. In all cases treated here, the applied field was always perpendicular to the plane of the device. The field profile generated by the superconducting loop was obtained by direct calculation, using the Biot-Savart Law. The superconducting ring was properly characterized, both with respect to the applied current and the applied field at a fixed temperature, in order to guarantee conditions for the device - i.e., the ring and the film inside it - to remain in the superconducting state along the experiments. We thus performed a series of comparisons of the penetration depth of the magnetic flux front using magneto-optic images, always maintaining an equal effective field condition. We used two sample cooling routines: one with field (FC, field cooling), which could be either homogeneous or inhomogeneous, and another in the absence of field (ZFC, zero field cooling). In addition, we also varied the sense of the FC field, always keeping in the same (positive) direction the homogeneous field that was applied during the experiments. The results showed a hierarchy in the penetration depth: the most profound was the negative inhomogeneous field condition, that is, the one in which antivortices were trapped in the superconductor during cooling. A significantly deeper penetration was presented for the condition of FC in a negative homogeneous field; in the sequence, the ZFC condition appears and then there is the positive homogeneous FC condition. The configuration with the lowest flux penetration depth was the one with inhomogeneous field in the same direction as the applied field. Therefore, the interactions between the vortices nucleated by the increase in the applied field and the vortices or antivortices trapped during the cooling of the film proved to be important in favor of vortex-vortex repulsion. In addition, among the five different cooling situations which we have studied, the inhomogeneous field condition is one in which the system exhibits the greater effective shielding capacity.
Calibração multivias em Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) para determinação de Ca, K e Mg em amostras de suplemento mineral para humanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-25)
Araújo, Alisson Silva de
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8721646298089222
This work intends to present a new approach for modeling LIBS data resolved in time using multiway algorithms, aiming to achieve the advantage of second order. The algorithms evaluated in this study were: Multivariate Curve Resolution- Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS), Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) and Unfolded Partial Least-Squares with Residual Bilinearization (U-PLS/RBL). The analytes monitored in this work were Ca, K and Mg in samples of mineral supplement. This study was divided into four (4) parts. In Part 1 the validation of the algorithms was performed using samples of mixtures of the salts and bases of the studied analytes. In parts 2 and 3, mineral supplement samples were used to assess the predictive capacity of the models, with 6 samples in the calibration set (Part 2) and 17 samples in the calibration set (Part 3). Finally, conventional univariate models were built and the results obtained compared with the performance of the multivariate algorithms (Part 4). The results obtained in the first part demonstrated a good performance for the evaluated algorithms, with emphasis on the U-PLS/RBL. The values obtained for RMSEV by MCR-ALS were 3.4% pp-1, 0.4% pp-1 and 0.9% pp-1 for Ca, K and Mg, respectively. For PARAFAC the values obtained for Ca, K and Mg were 11% pp-1, 0.3% pp-1 and 1.1% pp-1, respectively. The values obtained by U-PLS/RBL were 2.5% pp-1 for Ca, 0.2% pp-1 for K and 1.2% pp-1 for Mg. As for the results obtained in Part 2, a decrease in the performance of the MCR ALS and PARAFAC algorithms was observed when the supplement samples were used as test samples, with high values of LoD and LoQ by both models for the three monitored analytes. The U-PLS/RBL showed an excellent performance, with low values of LoD and LoQ for Ca (0.4% pp-1 and 1.2% pp-1, respectively) and K (LoD: 0.1% pp-1 and LoQ: 0.2% pp-1), while for Mg some samples were below or close to loD (1.0 pp-1) and LoQ (3.0 pp-1). With the inclusion of more samples in the calibration set (Part 3) the performance of the MCR-ALS and PARAFAC algorithms improved for some analytes, however the LoD and LoQ values still remained high for the three monitored analytes. Regarding the U-PLS / RBL, there were no significant improvements for Ca and K, while for Mg a certain improvement in the values of LoD and LoQ was observed, 0.2 pp-1 and 0.7 pp-1, respectively. Conventional univariate calibration (Part 4) did not achieve good results, which was expected, since selective lines are necessary to obtain good results. Therefore, these results confirm that the U-PLS / RBL model was able to predict the analytes of interest in unknown samples, being possible to achieve the second order advantage.
Comunicação ambiental e educação ambiental em bacias hidrográficas: concepções, abordagens, práticas e indicadores para avaliação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-26)
Dictoro, Vinicius Perez
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Hanai, Frederico Yuri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9469471717661914
The present study had as its guiding themes environmental education, environmental communication, watershed management and the use of evaluation indicators. Themes that were thought based on a systemic and integrated vision of human beings with the environment and with the other living beings on the planet. The main objective of this study was to investigate concepts, practices and approaches to environmental communication and environmental education in river basins, aiming to establish specific instruments, criteria and indicators for the analysis of projects and activities in watersheds. To support the reflections made in the study, a systemic and complex approach was adopted. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, bibliographic research techniques (systematic bibliographic review), exploratory and applied research (questionnaires with members of river basin committees and experts from related areas) were used, which allowed the collection of data and information, analyzed through bibliometric analysis techniques and the 3S validation methodology. How the main results of this thesis were generated: an instrument for evaluating proposals for environmental education projects within the scope of river basin committees; a list of indicators for evaluating environmental education actions and activities in watershed; a framework of action guidelines for environmental education activities. It is concluded that there should be a greater integration between the themes of environmental communication and environmental education, in order to increase the scope of actions and activities that can be carried out in watersheds, mobilizing and involving society, generating behaviors beneficial to the environment , in addition to understanding the current socio-environmental problems present in society and contributing to the creation of a new paradigm of the relationship between human beings and the environment.
Caminhos do saber local à agroecologia: escolhas e mudanças de práticas agrícolas nos assentamentos da reforma agrária de Iperó/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-26)
Silva, Josefa Erica Monteiro da
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Araujo, Luciana Gomes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3838121103944018
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Franco, Fernando Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955
SILVA, Josefa Erica Monteiro da. Paths of the local knowledge to Agroecology: choices and practice changes at Settlings of Iperó’s Land Reform. 2021. Monograph. (Bachelor Degree in Biological) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos campus Sorocaba, Sorocaba, 2021. Agroecology emerges as a critical science to the hegemonic model, and proposes the multidimensionality of sustainability for the development of ecological agriculture. As a practice, it proposes innovative technologies, which are consistent with the peculiarities of different realities and respects the ecology of knowledge. In addition to that, it works as well as a socio-cultural and political movement, related to the demands of local people and communities that exist and resist daily. Ecological agriculture presupposes that, instead of fighting symptomatic factors and replacing chemical products with organic ones, as in organic agriculture for instance, there is a holistic view of the agroecosystem in order to deal with causal factors. The importance of the Agroecological Transition process lies in the resignification of the management of agroecosystems, moving away from the model based on the use of agrochemicals and transgenics to the construction of principles that aim at a healthier relationship with nature. In this context, the present work analyzes the role of local knowledge on choices and changes in agricultural practices throughout the history of the Ipanema and Horto Bela Vista (Iperó/SP) settlements, towards agroecological practices, in order to understand how it occurs the construction of knowledge, which factors influenced the choices of agricultural practices and the effect of the latter on the lives of farmers. For this matter, semi-structured interviews were carried out with the farming families involved in the Participatory Guarantee System (SPG) and, therefore, already practicing sustainable management (but not necessarily agroecological). Results pointed to a vast knowledge about agroecological and agricultural practices, such as agrobiodiversity, use of organic matter in the farms, intercropping and crop rotation, little use of machinery and ecological management of the soil. This knowledge is linked to the involvement of farmers in exchanges from the SPG, experiences in the field, transmission between generations and sociocultural awareness, but mainly in the horizontality and dialogue of knowledge between farmers, extension workers and the “Rede Agroecológica Sorocabana”, which contributes to the construction of agroecological knowledge, confidence and self-esteem of the settlers. Among the factors that influenced the agroecological transition are reports of intoxication due to the use of pesticides, socio-environmental awareness, consumer demand, financial motivation, access to knowledge, public policies and agroecological transition projects. As for the effects of these choices on the lives of farmers, there is an increase in the possibilities of disposal, quality of life, financial security and food sovereignty, based on an analysis that encompasses an ecological, socioeconomic, cultural, political and ethical view.
Representação vetorial distribuída em sistemas de recomendação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-26)
Pires, Pedro Reis
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Almeida, Tiago Agostinho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368680512020633
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4012668928932051
Today, with the constant growth in the number of available digital content and ease of access to a huge amount of data, it is increasingly difficult to find relevant information. From this problem, recommender systems have emerged, analyzing user's behavior to issue personalized item recommendations. Currently, most companies have some form of content recommendation on their channels or services. Even so, many problems in the area are not properly solved, such as the high dimensionality and sparsity that the commonly adopted representation model has. Methods have been proposed to solve these problems, representing items and users as dense vectors in a space of reduced dimensionality. One of the most recent techniques in the literature is the use of embeddings-based models, i. e., distributed vector representations generated through artificial neural networks. Many of the latest advances in the area have shown promising results when compared to other already consolidated methods, but the vast majority of proposals suggest the execution of complex neural architectures or the use of content data, which often may not be available int the scenario of the application. In this dissertation, we extend the studies in the field of embeddings-based recommender systems. Through a comprehensive literature review, a new model for generating distributed representation is proposed, with the key points of being computationally efficient and requiring only implicit feedback from users to be trained. The results obtained in extrinsic and intrinsic evaluations, indicate that the model is promising for scenarios where there is need for computationally efficient models, achieving competitive results with state-of-the-art methods that demand greater computational power.
Precious, strategic and toxic elements in electronic waste: bibliometric evaluation, proposition of reference material and direct analysis by laser-based techniques and fluorescence spectrometry
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-26)
Andrade, Daniel Fernandes de
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9837420433041125
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is among the fastest growing types of solid waste in the world. In addition, this is a complex waste stream when it comes to recycling, due to the large variety of valuable materials and toxic elements present in plastics, metals, glass, ceramics, etc. In this context, the chemical analysis of electronic waste and issues involving the management of this matrix were discussed in this thesis: (1) initially, bibliometric resources were used to evaluate the different topics involving the handling of electronic waste and the evolution of world research; (2) as well, given the lack and difficulty of producing materials to ensure the traceability of measurements and validation of analytical methods, an electronic waste reference material was produced and evaluated following all standards established by ISO guides 30 - 35; (3) finally, different techniques of direct analysis such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and X-ray spectrometry (XRF) were used to develop analytical methods for elementary determination in printed circuit board (PCB) and liquid crystal display (LCD) samples. Bibliometrics proved to be an efficient resource for analyzing past research topics, emerging research hotspots and assess the current status of electronic waste research. Studies involving the analysis of critical elements (e.g. In, Pd, rare earths) and the development of reference materials for e-waste have been identified as gaps in the current literature, which are addressed and discussed in this thesis. New univariate (multi-energy calibration, MEC) and multivariate (data fusion using partial least squares regression, PLS) calibration strategies have been proposed for direct analysis of e-waste samples (i.e. PCB and LCD), through elemental analysis and chemical mapping within the sample surfaces. Considering the applicability, advantages and limitations of each analytical technique used, combined with appropriate chemometric tools, it was possible to propose new methods for analyzing complex matrices such as e-waste, which make it possible to minimize or even eliminate possible interferences, with analytical performance similar or superior to those existing traditional alternatives.
Um novo modelo de sobrevivência Bell-Inversa Gaussiana com fração de cura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-26)
Carregari, Renata Cristina
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Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7248419267823814
In this work we propose a new survival model called the Bell-Inverse Gaussian cure rate. We consider different activation schemes in which the number of factors $M$ has the Bell distribution and the time of occurrence of an event follows the Inverse Gaussian model. The parameters are estimated by the classical and Bayesian methods. In a simulation study, we investigate the mean estimates, biases, mean squared errors and coverage probabilities in different activation schemes. In order to detect possible influential or extreme observations that can cause distortions on the results of the analysis we use the Bayesian method of influence analysis of case deletion based on $\psi$-divergence. Finally, we show the applicability of the proposed model to a real dataset.
Diferentes padrões de resposta vascular à mobilização passiva em pacientes com sepse: investigação do perfil clínico e cardiovascular dos pacientes respondedores e não respondedores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-26)
Kawakami, Débora Mayumi de Oliveira
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Bonjorno Junior, José Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305632485050289
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Mendes, Renata Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052
Background: Sepsis is a serious organ dysfunction that leads to endothelial damage. Passive mobilization (PM) results in increased blood flow and shear stress. Increased vascular diameter has been observed as a response to physical exercise, although it has not yet been explored in patients with sepsis. Objective: To explore patterns of vascular response to PM and seek associations with the clinical profile, cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) and arterial stiffness in patients with sepsis. Methodology: Cross-sectional, single-arm study. Were included 32 patients diagnosed with sepsis. The PM protocol consisted of dorsiflexion / plantar flexion movements, knee / hips flexion / extension, wrists and elbows and shoulder flexion in 3x10 repetitions, with an interval of 15 seconds between sets and 30 seconds between joints (totaling = 12 minutes). Vascular response was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) using brachial artery ultrasound, with the FMD being obtained before and after PM. The Δ PM (to assess the response pattern) and SS (shear stress) were also calculated. Arterial stiffness was assessed by Sphygmocor®️, by analyzing the morphology and pulse wave velocity. The MAC was assessed by analyzing heart rate variability in the time domain (mean HR and RMSSD), frequency (LF, HF) and non-linear (ApEn, SampEn, DFA). Results: Different vascular responses were observed: 1. Increased vascular diameter (responders) (Δ% DMF = 11.89 ± 5.64) and 2. reduction in vascular diameter (non-responders) (Δ% DMF = -7.42 ± 6.44). Responders had a higher Alpha 2 index (p = 0.02). A positive association was identified between ΔFMD and Alpha 2 (r = 0.529; p = 0.03) and SampEn (r = 0.633; p <0.01) and a negative association between ΔFMD and LF (Hz) (r = -0.680; p <0.01) and IL-6 (r = -0.469; p = 0.037). Additionally, a negative association was observed between ΔSS and CRP (r = -0.427; p = 0.03). Conclusion: Patients with sepsis present different patterns of vascular reactivity in relation to passive mobilization. The increased vascular diameter pattern was associated with greater complexity of the autonomic nervous system and inversely related to sympathetic modulation and inflammatory profile.
Cistatinas de cana-de-açúcar: produção recombinante em vacúolos de cana-de-açúcar transgênica (e outros sistemas de expressão em plantas) e estudos de interação com uma pseudo protease do coleóptero Sphenophorus levis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-29)
Shibao, Priscila Yumi Tanaka
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Silva, Flávio Henrique da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1170485433440664
Sphenophorus levis (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) is one of the major pests of sugarcane crop in Brazil and presents cysteine proteases as main digestive enzymes. In this project, we report the characterization of Sl-CathL-CS, a variant of the main digestive cathepsin (Sl-CathL) of the insect S. levis that presents a serine residue instead of a cysteine in the catalytic site at position 138. In addition, a mutant enzyme, in which serine 138 was replaced by a cysteine residue was produced and named Sl-CathL-mutSC. Sl-CathL-CS did not show proteolytic capacity, but Sl-CathL-mutSC was able to hydrolyze milk proteins and the substrate Z-Phe-Arg-AMC (Vmax = 1017.6 ± 135.55 and Km = 10.766 mM). This mutant was inhibited by E-64 (Ki = 38.52 ± 1.2 μM), but not by PMSF, which is an inhibitor of serine proteases, and the static docking showed the difference of the active site of the two proteins. Interaction assay between them and the cystatin CaneCPI-1 revealed that Sl-CathL-CS has greater interaction with this cystatin, indicating that the protein can assist in the insect digestive process by interacting with the plant cystatins thus allowing the true proteases to work. Considering the importance of the cystatin/cysteine proteases interaction, Laboratory of Molecular Biology has dedicated itself to the study of sugarcane cystatins, being responsible for the identification and characterization of six of them (CaneCPI-1 to CaneCPI-6). Among them, CaneCPI-5 presented high inhibitory capability against Sl-CathL, which is the main digestive enzyme of the insect, besides inhibiting other cysteine cathepsins. Interestingly, this cystatin can protect tooth enamel against acid erosion and cavities. For this reason, there is a need to upscale its production to fulfill potential industrial demand. In this work, CaneCPI-5 was produced in a plant-based system by cell lysates (cell-free systems) of Nicotiana tabacum cv Bright Yellow cells (BY-2 cells), transient expression in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and stable expression in BY-2 cells. It was possible to obtain 25 μg of purified protein per gram of infiltrated leaf and the protein showed similar inhibition (Ki = 10 nM) to that of CaneCPI-5 produced in bacteria. CaneCPI-5 was also produced in transgenic sugarcane vacuoles and was purified from its juice, yielding 200 ug per mL, which, in the field, would allow the production of up to 15.3 kg of protein per hectare of sugarcane. The transgenic sugarcane events had their resistance against the attack of S. levis larvae assessed, however the transgenic clones failed to express the protein in the juice after propagation in the greenhouse, which may have occurred by gene silencing. This may have been responsible for them not showing increased resistance.
Conhecimento, uso e aceitabilidade do Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART) por cirurgiões-dentistas da atenção básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-29)
Madastavicius, Sheila Cristina Leite
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Aquilante, Aline Guerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5699716799010108
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1425588129288407
This study is part of the research line “Management of Care, Work and Education in Health” of the Postgraduate Program in Clinical Management at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos-Brazil. Because of the intrinsic relationship between this Professional Masters’ project with health policies, this research investigated the knowledge and opinions of dentists working in Primary Care in the city of São Carlos on Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) and the receptivity of these professionals to use the strategy in the public service. This is an exploratory, observational, cross-sectional, and institutional study, based on a study population of 50 dentists, which corresponds to the total number of professionals working in primary care in the municipal network, 41 of whom answered the questionnaire. The variables herein investigated involved the following: general characteristics of the participants, their knowledge, suggestions, and materials used in the ART technique; intended use and actual use of ART in the public service; and potential barriers of not applying the ART technique, such as: operator’s opinion; operator’s opinion about the patient’s perception; workload; material support; clinical expertise for ART; supervision of the oral health service; oral health assistant. Descriptive analyses were performed on the following data: characterization of the participating professionals, frequency of responses, and comparison with their expected response, as well as associations between the usage and intended use variables and other variables of all blocks using the chi-square test or Fisher's Exact Test (significance value < 0.05). Regarding the general characteristics of the participants, 80.49% graduated before 1995 and 58.54% had more than 25 years of experience in public service. Regarding knowledge of the researched individuals, their suggestions, and the material used in the ART technique, it was noteworthy that 46.34% of the individuals understood it to be a type of provisional intervention or the same as the suitability of the environment; when analyzing the uses and intended application of the ART technique, 90.24% believed this strategy interrupts the process of caries and prevents the loss of the dental element and 70.73% agreed that it should be widely used in Primary Care. Concerning the barriers to not applying the technique, 46.34% of the participants considered it to be an inferior treatment when compared to other restorative techniques and only 39.02% indicated that the manager understands the concept of ART. In view of these findings and given the need for non-invasive procedures in oral health care services due to the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, a proposal for ART training for dentists in primary care in São Carlos-SP will be developed in collaboration with the Oral Health Coordination of the city administration.