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Comunicação ambiental e educação ambiental em bacias hidrográficas: concepções, abordagens, práticas e indicadores para avaliação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-26) Dictoro, Vinicius Perez; Hanai, Frederico Yuri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9469471717661914
The present study had as its guiding themes environmental education, environmental communication, watershed management and the use of evaluation indicators. Themes that were thought based on a systemic and integrated vision of human beings with the environment and with the other living beings on the planet. The main objective of this study was to investigate concepts, practices and approaches to environmental communication and environmental education in river basins, aiming to establish specific instruments, criteria and indicators for the analysis of projects and activities in watersheds. To support the reflections made in the study, a systemic and complex approach was adopted. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, bibliographic research techniques (systematic bibliographic review), exploratory and applied research (questionnaires with members of river basin committees and experts from related areas) were used, which allowed the collection of data and information, analyzed through bibliometric analysis techniques and the 3S validation methodology. How the main results of this thesis were generated: an instrument for evaluating proposals for environmental education projects within the scope of river basin committees; a list of indicators for evaluating environmental education actions and activities in watershed; a framework of action guidelines for environmental education activities. It is concluded that there should be a greater integration between the themes of environmental communication and environmental education, in order to increase the scope of actions and activities that can be carried out in watersheds, mobilizing and involving society, generating behaviors beneficial to the environment , in addition to understanding the current socio-environmental problems present in society and contributing to the creation of a new paradigm of the relationship between human beings and the environment.
Representação vetorial distribuída em sistemas de recomendação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-26) Pires, Pedro Reis; Almeida, Tiago Agostinho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368680512020633; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4012668928932051
Today, with the constant growth in the number of available digital content and ease of access to a huge amount of data, it is increasingly difficult to find relevant information. From this problem, recommender systems have emerged, analyzing user's behavior to issue personalized item recommendations. Currently, most companies have some form of content recommendation on their channels or services. Even so, many problems in the area are not properly solved, such as the high dimensionality and sparsity that the commonly adopted representation model has. Methods have been proposed to solve these problems, representing items and users as dense vectors in a space of reduced dimensionality. One of the most recent techniques in the literature is the use of embeddings-based models, i. e., distributed vector representations generated through artificial neural networks. Many of the latest advances in the area have shown promising results when compared to other already consolidated methods, but the vast majority of proposals suggest the execution of complex neural architectures or the use of content data, which often may not be available int the scenario of the application. In this dissertation, we extend the studies in the field of embeddings-based recommender systems. Through a comprehensive literature review, a new model for generating distributed representation is proposed, with the key points of being computationally efficient and requiring only implicit feedback from users to be trained. The results obtained in extrinsic and intrinsic evaluations, indicate that the model is promising for scenarios where there is need for computationally efficient models, achieving competitive results with state-of-the-art methods that demand greater computational power.
Caminhos do saber local à agroecologia: escolhas e mudanças de práticas agrícolas nos assentamentos da reforma agrária de Iperó/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-26) Silva, Josefa Erica Monteiro da; Araujo, Luciana Gomes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3838121103944018; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5755565253413543
SILVA, Josefa Erica Monteiro da. Paths of the local knowledge to Agroecology: choices and practice changes at Settlings of Iperó’s Land Reform. 2021. Monograph. (Bachelor Degree in Biological) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos campus Sorocaba, Sorocaba, 2021. Agroecology emerges as a critical science to the hegemonic model, and proposes the multidimensionality of sustainability for the development of ecological agriculture. As a practice, it proposes innovative technologies, which are consistent with the peculiarities of different realities and respects the ecology of knowledge. In addition to that, it works as well as a socio-cultural and political movement, related to the demands of local people and communities that exist and resist daily. Ecological agriculture presupposes that, instead of fighting symptomatic factors and replacing chemical products with organic ones, as in organic agriculture for instance, there is a holistic view of the agroecosystem in order to deal with causal factors. The importance of the Agroecological Transition process lies in the resignification of the management of agroecosystems, moving away from the model based on the use of agrochemicals and transgenics to the construction of principles that aim at a healthier relationship with nature. In this context, the present work analyzes the role of local knowledge on choices and changes in agricultural practices throughout the history of the Ipanema and Horto Bela Vista (Iperó/SP) settlements, towards agroecological practices, in order to understand how it occurs the construction of knowledge, which factors influenced the choices of agricultural practices and the effect of the latter on the lives of farmers. For this matter, semi-structured interviews were carried out with the farming families involved in the Participatory Guarantee System (SPG) and, therefore, already practicing sustainable management (but not necessarily agroecological). Results pointed to a vast knowledge about agroecological and agricultural practices, such as agrobiodiversity, use of organic matter in the farms, intercropping and crop rotation, little use of machinery and ecological management of the soil. This knowledge is linked to the involvement of farmers in exchanges from the SPG, experiences in the field, transmission between generations and sociocultural awareness, but mainly in the horizontality and dialogue of knowledge between farmers, extension workers and the “Rede Agroecológica Sorocabana”, which contributes to the construction of agroecological knowledge, confidence and self-esteem of the settlers. Among the factors that influenced the agroecological transition are reports of intoxication due to the use of pesticides, socio-environmental awareness, consumer demand, financial motivation, access to knowledge, public policies and agroecological transition projects. As for the effects of these choices on the lives of farmers, there is an increase in the possibilities of disposal, quality of life, financial security and food sovereignty, based on an analysis that encompasses an ecological, socioeconomic, cultural, political and ethical view.
Diferentes padrões de resposta vascular à mobilização passiva em pacientes com sepse: investigação do perfil clínico e cardiovascular dos pacientes respondedores e não respondedores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-26) Kawakami, Débora Mayumi de Oliveira; Bonjorno Junior, José Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305632485050289; Mendes, Renata Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9692224107315722
Background: Sepsis is a serious organ dysfunction that leads to endothelial damage. Passive mobilization (PM) results in increased blood flow and shear stress. Increased vascular diameter has been observed as a response to physical exercise, although it has not yet been explored in patients with sepsis. Objective: To explore patterns of vascular response to PM and seek associations with the clinical profile, cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) and arterial stiffness in patients with sepsis. Methodology: Cross-sectional, single-arm study. Were included 32 patients diagnosed with sepsis. The PM protocol consisted of dorsiflexion / plantar flexion movements, knee / hips flexion / extension, wrists and elbows and shoulder flexion in 3x10 repetitions, with an interval of 15 seconds between sets and 30 seconds between joints (totaling = 12 minutes). Vascular response was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) using brachial artery ultrasound, with the FMD being obtained before and after PM. The Δ PM (to assess the response pattern) and SS (shear stress) were also calculated. Arterial stiffness was assessed by Sphygmocor®️, by analyzing the morphology and pulse wave velocity. The MAC was assessed by analyzing heart rate variability in the time domain (mean HR and RMSSD), frequency (LF, HF) and non-linear (ApEn, SampEn, DFA). Results: Different vascular responses were observed: 1. Increased vascular diameter (responders) (Δ% DMF = 11.89 ± 5.64) and 2. reduction in vascular diameter (non-responders) (Δ% DMF = -7.42 ± 6.44). Responders had a higher Alpha 2 index (p = 0.02). A positive association was identified between ΔFMD and Alpha 2 (r = 0.529; p = 0.03) and SampEn (r = 0.633; p <0.01) and a negative association between ΔFMD and LF (Hz) (r = -0.680; p <0.01) and IL-6 (r = -0.469; p = 0.037). Additionally, a negative association was observed between ΔSS and CRP (r = -0.427; p = 0.03). Conclusion: Patients with sepsis present different patterns of vascular reactivity in relation to passive mobilization. The increased vascular diameter pattern was associated with greater complexity of the autonomic nervous system and inversely related to sympathetic modulation and inflammatory profile.
Precious, strategic and toxic elements in electronic waste: bibliometric evaluation, proposition of reference material and direct analysis by laser-based techniques and fluorescence spectrometry
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-26) Andrade, Daniel Fernandes de; Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9837420433041125
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is among the fastest growing types of solid waste in the world. In addition, this is a complex waste stream when it comes to recycling, due to the large variety of valuable materials and toxic elements present in plastics, metals, glass, ceramics, etc. In this context, the chemical analysis of electronic waste and issues involving the management of this matrix were discussed in this thesis: (1) initially, bibliometric resources were used to evaluate the different topics involving the handling of electronic waste and the evolution of world research; (2) as well, given the lack and difficulty of producing materials to ensure the traceability of measurements and validation of analytical methods, an electronic waste reference material was produced and evaluated following all standards established by ISO guides 30 - 35; (3) finally, different techniques of direct analysis such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and X-ray spectrometry (XRF) were used to develop analytical methods for elementary determination in printed circuit board (PCB) and liquid crystal display (LCD) samples. Bibliometrics proved to be an efficient resource for analyzing past research topics, emerging research hotspots and assess the current status of electronic waste research. Studies involving the analysis of critical elements (e.g. In, Pd, rare earths) and the development of reference materials for e-waste have been identified as gaps in the current literature, which are addressed and discussed in this thesis. New univariate (multi-energy calibration, MEC) and multivariate (data fusion using partial least squares regression, PLS) calibration strategies have been proposed for direct analysis of e-waste samples (i.e. PCB and LCD), through elemental analysis and chemical mapping within the sample surfaces. Considering the applicability, advantages and limitations of each analytical technique used, combined with appropriate chemometric tools, it was possible to propose new methods for analyzing complex matrices such as e-waste, which make it possible to minimize or even eliminate possible interferences, with analytical performance similar or superior to those existing traditional alternatives.
Um novo modelo de sobrevivência Bell-Inversa Gaussiana com fração de cura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-26) Carregari, Renata Cristina; Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7248419267823814
In this work we propose a new survival model called the Bell-Inverse Gaussian cure rate. We consider different activation schemes in which the number of factors $M$ has the Bell distribution and the time of occurrence of an event follows the Inverse Gaussian model. The parameters are estimated by the classical and Bayesian methods. In a simulation study, we investigate the mean estimates, biases, mean squared errors and coverage probabilities in different activation schemes. In order to detect possible influential or extreme observations that can cause distortions on the results of the analysis we use the Bayesian method of influence analysis of case deletion based on $\psi$-divergence. Finally, we show the applicability of the proposed model to a real dataset.