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Determinação social da saúde e sofrimento psíquico na universidade: uma pesquisa com estudantes do Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação (ICMC) do campus da USP de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-30) Silva, Emanuela Pap da; Barbosa Neto, Jair Borges; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9551566039906499; Bleicher, Taís; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9075358493860166; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5900630486012011
Questions about psychic suffering are often associated with the university environment, and they represent challenges that require institutional policies to be sought. It is crucial to understand how psychic suffering manifests in different university contexts, to know which are its actual dimensions and determinants. Through a critical perspective, knowledge about psychic suffering can allow the interpretation of the health-disease process of organizing social life, work, and social reproduction. This study intends to identify the prevalence of psychic suffering and its associations based on the understanding of social determination in health among undergraduate and graduate students at USP São Carlos, at one of its teaching units, the Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences (ICMC). The research was based on an exploratory epidemiological population, observational, cross-sectional, institutional studies with a critical analysis of 310 undergraduate students and 122 graduate students. The data collection was carried out electronically between September and November 2020, through a self-administered questionnaire composed of a socio-demographic inventory and on health issues and the instrumental Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), which signals the presence of psychological suffering by screening for Common Mental Disorders (CMDs). Data was exported to the RStudio program (R CORE TEAM, 2020) and the Stata program version 14 (College Station, Texas, USA) to analyze distributions and associations. Among undergraduate students, the results showed a general prevalence of CMDs was 72.9%. There was an association with family per capita income, income variation from the period before the pandemic caused by COVI-19 and the moment of research, being a cisgender woman, LGBTQIA+ sexual orientation, reporting difficulty in staying at the University, being followed up with a mental health professional and making use of psychiatric medication. In the adjusted analysis, we found an association and odds ratio between positive screening for CMDs and being a cisgender woman (OR = 2.69), reporting difficulties in staying at the University (OR = 3.45) and being monitored by a mental health professional (OR = 3.74). For graduate students, the general prevalence of CMDs was 72.1%. We found an association with family per capita income, reporting difficulty staying at the University, being monitored by a Mental Health professional, and using psychiatric medication. In the adjusted analysis, we found an association and odds ratio between positive screening for CMDs and difficulty staying at the University (OR = 10.3). The prevalence of psychic suffering was high in both groups. These findings can serve as the basis for the development and improvement of public policies for Student Assistance in the context of Collective Health and the Unified Health System. Among the recommendations is the strengthening of the national assistance policy student, with the expansion of coverage to graduate students, strengthening and creating actions and diversity policies that combat prejudice and discrimination at the national and local levels. It is necessary to consider the transformation of the university environment as well as beyond its limits, considering that what is lived at the university is also a reflection of life outside it.
Um modelo de suporte à decisão para seleção e priorização de KPIs baseados nos sete desperdícios do Lean Logistics e no Balanced Scorecard
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-30) Santos, José Rodolfo Laurentino dos; Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823047207711289; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9794870424222532
The definition of an efficient set of performance indicators can guide the organizations to reach its main strategics objectives. It is understood as an efficiente set, when the organization have a number of indicators that cover its process but in an adequate amount. In addition, such indicators can be used as a guide for the deployment of all tactical and operational actions that organizations perform. Methodologies based on continuous improvement use indicators for the measurement and control of leaner alternatives in its processes, among which, the logistical processes. In parallel, strategic deployment methodologies such as the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) assist in translating the organizations strategic objectives into their operations. The Lean Logistics is a derivation of lean manufacturing, which focuses on the logistics processes between supply chain agents as well as the internal logistics processes of organization. The focus of lean logistics is to oppose the seven wastes of lean philosophy, applied to logistics processes, as: Overprodutction, Waiting, Transportation, Motion, Defects, Inventory and over-processing. Relating the themes presented, this research proposes a model for the selection and definition of a set of indicadors or KPIs (key performance indicators), necessary for the measurement and control of seven wastes of lean logistics, prioritized by the organization’s strategy, based on the BSC four perspectives. This set of indicators, identified through a literature review, was grouped according to the seven wastes, and used later within a selection method. The use of DEMATEL and AHP decision support tools, helped to choose the main indicators, primarily through the waste in which they were grouped and after ranked considering the BSC’s perspectives as criteria. The research is done through a case study, carried out in a large company, in a moment of the implementation of lean philosophy. As a result, a model proposal was developed to assist the definition and prioritization of indicators, in addition to providing a list of indicators ranked to control the logistics processes, based on the seven wastes of lean logistics and the perspectives of the BSC. These indicators were sufficient to cover the 7 wastes according to the initial grouping. The solution suggested by the methodology considers a final set of seven indicators ranked according to the preference of decision makers in operational and strategic biases within the applied case study, considering the indicators based on financial perspectives as more applicable to support the strategies of the organization.
Consequências da exposição intra-uterina ao agonista canabinóide WIN 55,212-2: impacto sobre o sistema cardiorrespiratório e ciclo sono-vigília durante o desenvolvimento em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-30) Patrone, Luis Gustavo Alexandre; Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833369074938340
Policies for the flexibility and legalization of Cannabis use in several countries has increased considerably in recent years and the use of drugs of abuse during pregnancy can affect the development of physiological systems including the respiratory control network, mainly due to the susceptibility of the prenatal period to external and pharmacological interventions resulting in possible consequences in the offspring’s postnatal life. Cannabis psychoactive compounds can act directly on the endocannabinoid system present in the Central Nervous System (CNS) already in the early stages of embryonic development, being an important element for structural and functional regulation of CNS maturation, including for the areas responsible for cardiorespiratory control. However, despite the increased consumption of this substance during pregnancy, knowledge about the influence of exogenous cannabinoids on the development of the respiratory system and the consequences on postnatal life is limited. The present study evaluated the possible effects of cannabinoid receptor (CB) agonist exposure during pregnancy on the respiratory control system of neonatal (P0, P6-7 and P12-13), juvenil (P27-28) and adult (P80-81) male and female rats through subcutaneous implantation of osmotic pumps in pregnant female rats at embryonic day 0 and delivered vehicle or agonist (WIN 55212-2, 0.5 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. WIN exposure interfered in a sex-specific maner with breathing regulation of offspring, thereby promoting a greater sensitivity to CO2 in neonatal, juvenile and adult males. An altered chemoreflex in response to hypoxia was observed in P0 and P6-7 newborn males. In females, prenatal treatment resulted only in a hyperventilation during hypercapnia at juvenile age and a reduced ventilatory response to CO2 and O2 at adulthood. In addition, brainstem neuroanatomical analysis showed an increase in the number of catecholaminergic neurons and CB1 receptor expression and alteration of tissue respiration in early stages of males. A significant reduction in lung compliance was also observed in treated juvenile males. Finally, cardiovascular changes were also observed for male and female animals in adulthood due to prenatal WIN exposure. These findings demonstrate that exposure to the cannabinoid receptor agonist during pregnancy results in prolonged and sex-dependent consequences for the cardiorespiratory control system.