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Agenda de políticas públicas nos governos Dilma e Temer: suas características e a relação com o plano de governo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05)
Andrade, João Vitor dos Santos
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Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1119437863992427
This research is part of the field of study of public policies, more precisely the stage of setting priorities and forming the government agenda (policy agenda-setting). From the theoretical and methodological framework developed and improved over the last decades by researchers in the field, with emphasis on the theory of Punctuated Equilibrium by Baumgartner and Jones (1993) and the Multiple Streams model by Kingdon (2014), we studied the variation on the governmental agenda of the presidency of the Republic under the governments of Dilma Rousseff and Michel Temer (2015-2018). The period that encompasses the research was marked by an impeachment that changed the composition of the government, changing both the actors present in this sphere of decision (turnover) as well as the agenda of priorities in public policies. The objective of the study was to highlight points of proximity and distance between the attention given to public problems at both times and to compare them with the Government Plan, a document that contains the agenda released to voters during the electoral campaign, pointing out what has changed and what causes of change. Thus, we analyzed the variation in attention over time based on the data obtained through the content analysis of normative and non-normative documents related to the government and the candidacy of the elected slate. From the results, we can see that in the agenda presented during the election there was a high attention to issues related to macroeconomics, a characteristic that remained on the agenda of both governments with a continuous increase year after year, albeit with a change in specificities. Issues related to social policies and civil rights, on the other hand, have seen a reduction in attention. The effects of the economic and political crises had an impact on the agenda, leaving economic and administrative issues in evidence and taking away the centrality of the others, in addition to reducing the diversity of the agenda that started to focus on a reduced number of issues.
Custo de frete e emissão de gee na substituição da frota de carretas por rodotrens em uma empresa do ramo alimentício
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05)
Geromel, Leticia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2656343277991754
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Faria, Luiz Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2656343277991754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8817398231300821
This study aimed to estimate the cost of freight and emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) from diesel combustion, by replacing the Trucks fleet with Road Trains in the operation between the cities of Novo Horizonte/SP and Alcântara/RJ from a food company, in this case, sugar. The study was implemented during eleven months, a period in which the difference between the freight price between the two vehicles can be calculated according to their respective load capacities. The "Bottom-up" method was used, using data such as the average age of the fleet to determine the emission factors for each pollutant and the number of monthly trips by Trucks and Road Trains performed in the eleven month period. Furthermore, the calculated values were converted to the equivalent unit of carbon dioxide, so that they could be compared. The Road Train, as it ships 60% more cargo than the Truck, brought a total savings of R$ 210.156,00 in the period of the study. The values found for the Truck vehicle throughout the period were 517.252,73kgCO2eq for CO2, 736.49kgCO2eq for CH4 and 5.436,03kgCO2eq for N2O. And for the Road Train vehicle the results were 323.338,04kgCO2eq for CO2, 460.39kgCO2eq for CH4 and 3.398,10kgCO2eq for N2O. In view of the savings in freight costs and the reduction in GHG emissions by the Road Train vehicle, it is suggested that the fleet of the Trucks company be replaced by Road Trains.
Avaliação da qualidade do solo em manejo agroflorestal utilizando a Cromatografia Circular de Pfeiffer e indicadores microbiológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05)
Razera, Raissa
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Franco, Fernando Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955
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Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254
Pfeiffer's Circular Chromatography (PCC) is a qualitative indicator of soil, of low cost, accessible and has shown great potential in studies in Agroecology. Among the various types of agroecological management there are the Agroforestry Systems (SAF), which are a set of agricultural practices that reproduce the ecological processes of the forest together with food production while restoring soil quality and ecosystem services. To monitor the changes caused by agroforestry management in the soil, are used indicators of soil quality, with emphasis on bioindicators, mainly microorganisms, which respond quickly to environmental changes. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the soil quality of an Agroforestry System with different forms of management, during the period of 12 months using microbiological indicators and chemical parameters of the soil, correlated with the PCC. The study area is located on the UFSCar Sorocaba-SP campus divided into the plots: SAF control, managed SAF, pasture and Atlantic Forest Fragment. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-10 cm and 10- 20 cm, in the dry and rainy seasons. Soil samples were analyzed using PCC and the indicators: total mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria, total fungi, pH, moisture and organic matter. No significant differences were found between the sampling depths 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm for all indicators in all sampled plots. It was found that there was no significant difference between the control SAF and the managed SAF, in the studied period, for all the analyzed indicators. PCC, total mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria and total fungi were sensitive to seasonality between the dry and rainy seasons. There was a positive correlation demonstrated by the central zone (aeration zone) of the PCC, with organic matter and soil moisture. Thus, the intensity of the management applied in the Experimental SAF was not sufficient to cause significant changes in the quality of the soil, during the evaluated period.
A noção de representação na Crítica da Razão Pura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05)
Cunha, Peterson Kenji da
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Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4241110341683671
The term representation is present throughout the Critique of Pure Reason, a clear indication of its importance for Kant´s critical investigation. However, despite the assumed importance, at each moment, the use of this term does not seem to indicate or mean the same thing. For this reason, the concept of representation can be considered not only complex, but also diffuse; moreover, this difficulty increases considerably since the notion of representation is, according to Kant, conceptually indefinable. On the one hand, in Jäsche's Logic, Kant maintains that the notion of representation is always presupposed in the the structure of knowledge. On the other hand, both in the Inaugural Dissertation and in the Critique of Pure Reason, there is no attempt to explain this concept satisfactorily, which justifies an extensive investigation of the concept of representation in the first Critique. Our aim is to carry out an analysis of the problem of representation in Kant's theoretical philosophy. It is important to determine how the concept of representation, which cannot be defined, appears in some moments of the Inaugural Dissertation and the Critique of Pure Reason. The last and crucial allows to shed light on how the representation can refer to the consciousness, understood as a the highest principle of all knowledge.
Potencialidades de sistemas agroflorestais integrados com plantas alimentícias não convencionais como estratégia para a restauração ecológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05)
Barbosa, Murilo Rafael
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Penha, Alessandra dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9799774247477252
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3752261793713523
We aimed to do an essay about the potentialities of unconventional food plants when reconciled with agroforestry systems, as an ecological restoration strategy. Due to the accelerated devastation of tropical forests, a consequence of the advance and expansion of territories by agricultural activities, mainly monocultures, it is necessary that reflections on alternative models of ecological restoration have more research focus. The theoretical and practical framework of the ecology of the restoration has enabled reflections on models of environmental adequacy of agricultural landscapes, combined with the conservation of natural resources, based on the contemporary paradigm of sustainability. In this perspective, SAFs are emerging, which can potentially combine forestry, agricultural and / or animal elements, generating a source of income for small and medium farmers, who could at least partially bear the high costs of ecological restoration, and polycultures would meet the demands ecosystems, agricultural and social. Certain plants found spontaneously in the midst of agricultural crops or in places with favorable conditions for their development, are called “unconventional food plants”. These plants have numerous benefits when compared to conventional vegetables, for example, high nutritional contents, they can be consumed in a healthy way in the diet, they produce vegetable biomass, and they can contribute to the life of the farmer in the field. Therefore, it is possible to model an agroforestry system integrated with PANC to increase food production in a sustainable and diversified manner, in addition to contributing as a strategy for the restoration of degraded natural ecosystems, safeguarding food security, income and rural assistance.
Das categorizações aos valores referenciais: a (in)definição linguística em construção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05)
Facundes, Leonildes Pessoa
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Onofre, Marilia Blundi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4908382415301882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9216195900640868
Dans cette thèse, nous avons développé une étude sur la notion d’« indéfinition » vu sur l’approche de la Théorie des Opérations Prédicatives et Énonciatives (TOPE), un cadre théorique sur lequel nous nous appuyons. Cette perspective est confrontée à des approches grammaticales qui prédominent dans l’enseignement qui, dénouant la grammaire du texte, attribuent à la notion d’indéfinition aux classes de mot, telles que l’article indéfini et les pronoms indéfinis. Nous avons décidé d’étudier ce sujet à cause de, d’un côté, notre insatisfaction en tant qu’enseignant dans un cours de lettres par rapport aux approches grammaticales prescriptives et descriptives qui prévalent dans l’enseignement de langue, puisque ces approches sont incongrues quand nous visons le développement de la compétence discursive des élèves, objectif principale de l'enseignement selon les propositions des programmes officiels. D’autre côté, le contact avec la TOPE nous a fait voir la problématique autour des conceptions grammaticales prescriptives et descriptives, quand on considère le processus d’énonciation linguistique. La TOPE met l’accent sur l’articulation lexico-grammatical, ce qui signifie que les traditionnels champs linguistiques fono-morpho-syntaxique-sémantique-énonciatif sont reconnus en articulation. De cette façon, nous nous questionnons sur la notion d’indéfinition appliquée aux classes de l’article et du pronom indéfini. Pour analyser ces classes dans l’énonciation, et ainsi composer notre corpus, nous considérons les occurrences de ces marqueurs, des articles indéfinis et des pronoms indéfinis, dans des contes fantastiques. Ainsi, nous cherchons à analyser de telles occurrences dans l’énonciation en articulant la grammaire au texte. Le choix du genre conte fantastique se justifie au fur et à mesure qu’il se présente comme un contenu d’enseignement du 6e au 9e année du primaire II, notre cadre d’observation, en analysant la grammaire dans la proposition de la TOPE. Dans une première observation, ces marqueurs étaient très présents dans ces contextes, ce qui nous indiquait un possible rôle léxico-grammatical-énonciatif de ces notions à étudier, car dans la TOPE les valeurs référentielles de ces marques de (in)définition sont des opérations des rôles énonciatifs et discursifs dans les constructions des textes. Le pronom indéfini a le même rôle qu’il n’aurait pas besoin d’être dans une classe différente, son rôle référentiel est le même que celui des articles, au niveau morphologique, c’est-à-dire, qu’ils sont des marqueurs de la même nature à la frontière entre définition/indéfinition. Nous concluons que ce sont des mouvements lexico-grammaticaux qui sont dans toutes les classes grammaticales, en vrai ce sont des notions créées dans le texte.
Adaptações curriculares para um aluno com transtorno do espectro do autismo: estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05)
Almeida, Giovana Maria de
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Elias, Nassim Chamel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7917584178434008
Autism is a disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate and interact socially, as well as their learning. This case study analyzes pedagogical actions performed by me as a therapeutic companion for an eleven-year-old child with moderate autism. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of social and pedagogical adaptations made within the school environment. This is a qualitative research that developed for two years within a private institution in the interior of São Paulo. Through procedures such as describing the proposed activities, identifying the difficulty in both developing such activities, as well as the difficulties and acceptance of the student in relation to them. The analysis and development of the types of evaluation and the inclusion of the child in the classroom. The conclusions indicate a satisfactory development of the student in relation to their communication, the pleasure and interest in developing pedagogical activities and a remarkable increase in socialization.
Redes Bayesianas para classificação com aprendizado via scoring and restrict: método, aplicação e comparação com métodos tradicionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05)
Ozelame, Camila Sgarioni
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7872176095436685
This work is an investigation towards the behavior of discrete Bayesian Networks (BN) which aims to solve classification problems. This methodology is based on graphs and probability theories, and it is defined to be a probabilistic graphical model that allows the relationship visualization among (random) variables and, in general, simplifies the understanding of complex domains. To understand their performance, some classifiers were selected to be compared, such as Naïve Bayes (NB), Tree Augmented Naïve Bayes (TAN), K-Dependence Bayesian Network (KDB), Bayesian Network Augmented Naïve Bayes (BAN), and Averaged One-Dependence Estimator (AODE). In general, the performance of the ensemble classifier AODE outperforms the others. In addition, a hybrid method for structure estimation is proposed and it aims the parsimonious classification. The simulation studies show the new method fits the expectation of increase the prediction performance also, balance the number of connections among variables and, the applications in real datasets support the better understanding of the new approach. Finally, a combination of the classifiers via stacking was presented and it indicated an increase in their performances when they were compared to the methods themselves.
Aplicação da metodologia de Aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP) no ensino de cinética e reatores químicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-06)
Castro, Pedro Santana de
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Ferreira Palhares, Adriana Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5736423072715628
The active teaching methodologies play, currently, an important role as a counterpoint to the traditional teaching model, which is used to the intense technical training, lectures, and a context in which the student is encouraged to be only a spectator of something that is being presented. To place the student at the center of learning, active methodologies emerge as an alternative that encourages challenging, practical, and contextualized learning. Thus, this undergraduate work aimed to apply the active methodology of Problem-Based Learning (PBL), in the teaching of Kinetics and Chemical Reactors, applied in a class of the Chemical Engineering course at the Federal University of São Carlos. PBL is a method that consists of using problem situations that simulate real situations that the professional may face in their daily work, in order to motivate and direct the student through a learning process based on a work dynamic that is collaborative, contextualized, and multidisciplinary. The application of this study is stimulated, in addition to aspects of improving the learning process, by the need for adaptation to the new National Curriculum Guidelines (NCG’s) of Engineering on the part of higher education courses. The new NCGs, launched in 2019, seek to bring changes in the teaching format and direct which skills are important for the current training of engineering professionals, adapting to the new requirements of today. For the development of this graduation work, problem situations were created that simulated real scenarios of the industry and processes involving catalytic reactors with pressure drop. The work also proposed the evaluation and discussion of learning factors in the process of applying PBL in the context of engineering. The course was taught in the form of non-face-to-face emergency teaching due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of the experiment proved to be positive, with the teams formed showing very good performance throughout the discipline. All teams developed consistent results and achieved the learning objectives for heterogeneous reactors, developing the mass balances for the PBR system, understanding how the pressure drop in the bed acts on the reaction and its conversion, in addition to creating models that allowed to find optimal operational conditions for the process. In addition to teaching aspects, students' development in socio-emotional skills was noted, reflected in the good performance of teamwork.
Avaliação dos fatores que influenciam a hidratação de GCLs em subleitos lateríticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-06)
Silva, José Wilson Batista da
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Portelinha, Fernando Henrique Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0791082339645058
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Correia, Natália de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2172645507238077
Currently, the biggest concern in the performance of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) applied in municipal solid waste landfills is in the hydration behavior of this material. Recent studies have shown that the GCLs hydration process from subgrade is influenced by several variables, such as the characteristics of the GCLs, the subgrade initial moisture content, and the dynamics of hydration and rehydration of the liner due to exposure field conditions. As a consequence of insufficient hydration, the GCL may present inferior behavior as barrier. These aspects, however, have not yet been evaluated in tropical climate conditions, as in Brazil, where lateritic soils tend to have higher levels of optimum moisture content than those observed in countries with temperate climates, different mineralogy, and a large portion of fine particles. The present research evaluated the influence of two different lateritic subgrades in the hydration process of GCLs in isothermal (hydration columns) and thermal conditions (physical model). Results showed that the subgrade moisture content significantly impacted the GCL hydration in the two analyzed conditions. The exposure to thermal cycles drastically reduced the ability of the lateritic subgrades to hydrate the GCLs. The shrinkage of the GCL panels was related to the GCL moisture content and the number of thermal cycles applied. In general, the lateritic subgrades showed a limited capacity to hydrate the GCLs, with saturation values lower than expected for the correct performance of these materials. The understanding the GCL hydration behavior requires unsaturated analysis of the subgrade and GCLs and the magnitude of the differential suction between these materials. The characterization of the GCLs after hydration tests showed that the parameters of CEC, SI, and hydraulic conductivity suffered slight variation, with a trend of decrease. The research showed the importance of investigating GCLs under practical installation conditions and the influence of important variables present in this application.
Construções parentéticas encabeçadas por como no português
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-06)
Silva, Diogo Oliveira da
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Stassi-Sé, Joceli Catarina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1314068157460143
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3065245326381138
This research investigates constructions headed by as/like/how in occurrences of the type as it is said, like you know, how is it called?, in the Lusophone varieties, in order to discuss its status under the focus of the Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) by Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008) and the Textual-Interactive Grammar (TIG) by Jubran (2006). For that, we raised the research questions: (i) how do the constructions headed by as/like/how work in the light of the FDG? (ii) what is the scope of as/like/how according to the FDG Interpersonal and Morphosyntactic Levels? (iii) in the light of TIG, are these constructions brackets? (iv) what is the syntactic ordering process for these constructions? As a general research aim, we seek to functionally describe the constructions initiated by as/like/how. As specific aims, we investigate: (i) the discursive, pragmatic and morphosyntactic properties of constructions initiated by as/like/how (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008); (ii) the as/like/how status in these constructions (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008); (iii) the syntactic ordering process of these constructions (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008); and (iv) their bracketing functions in the discourse (JUBRAN, 2006). The methodology started from the following parameters, summarized here: 1) formal classification of as/like/how; 2) construction layer at the Interpersonal and Morphosyntactic Levels; 3) statute of as/like/how at the Interpersonal and Morphosyntactic Levels; 4) construction ordering and 5) identification of bracketing properties (formal constitution, boundary and function). The criteria were applied to occurrences found in the Lusophone Corpus of Spoken Portuguese, prepared by the Linguistics Center of the University of Lisbon (2009). We start from the assumptions of Stassi-Sé (2012), that the as/like/how, in these morphosyntacticaly independent constructions, works as a Function marker, and the constructions act as bracketing insertions, recurring from the Speaker's pragmatic and communicational intentions. The mentioned parameters helped to reach the final results: the constructions headed by as/like/how were framed as bracketing constructions in seven varieties of the Portuguese language, they are presented as Movements, composed of Discursive Acts, and as/like/how to act as a marker of Interactional functions, presenting Interactive functions Rescue and also Sharing (for Declarative illocutions), and the Interrogative illocutions constituted Interrogative Acts of content, with the item as/like/how working as a meditative question marker (FONTES, 2012), both acting in the monitoring verbal interaction. It is important to highlight the independence of the type of verbal construction (dicendi verbs, knowledge verbs, linking verbs and six other action verbs), to the declarative and interrogative Illocutions and the syntactic positioning of these Linguistic Expressions in Ppre (Pre-Orational Position). These characteristics lead us to observe the tendency of these constructions to act discursively, regardless of the semantic value attributed to the as/like/how traditionally. In these cases, we observed an emptying of meaning in this item, pointing to its grammaticalization process in the construction, whereas its performance in the scope of higher layers of the FDG Interpersonal Level.
Computational modeling of rubber multiaxial pressing applied to ceramic materials
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-07)
Melo, Caiuã Caldeira de
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Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1316268411830615
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1098228832866096
Uniaxial and isostatic powder pressing are well known processes. However, disadvantages such as the production of heterogeneous parts or low productivity, respectively, are intrinsic drawbacks. Rubber Multiaxial Pressing (RMP) is an alternative process to overcome these disadvantages. In RMP, the pressing tool consists of a flexible rubber mold, confined in a rigid die, where pressing takes place by the action of a piston. This loading is transferred to the powder in the inner cavity of the rubber mold, whose distribution depends on the geometry of the tool parts and the tribological conditions between them. One drawback of RMP lies in the tool design stage due to the challenge of accurately predicting the shape of the flexible mold in its deformed configuration. The complexity of the deformed geometry is due to inhomogeneous strains induced by the nonlinear mechanical behavior of rubber and powder, as well as by the tribological conditions. In this context, this study aims to investigate the process characteristics and use the finite element (FE) simulation to assist in tool design for RMP, thus enabling the manufacture of compacted parts with a geometry that meets the dimensional requirements and a mechanical strength that allows the part to retain its integrity during the next stages of processing. To perform reliable numerical analysis, a characterization of the mechanical behavior of the involved materials is required. Mechanical tests were performed to characterize the rubber used in the mold and the alumina powder. Once the constitutive models were identified, FE analyses of the RMP were performed. The case study explored by this research project was the pressing of an alumina ceramic femoral head for hip implant. Finally, experimental and computational results were compared in order to highlight the accuracy of the numerical analyses implemented.
A pesquisa em ensino de ciências na educação de pessoas jovens e adultas em artigos científicos de periódicos brasileiros (Qualis A) publicados em 2020
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-08)
Freire, Maria Júlia
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Calzolari Neto, Anselmo João
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4906309581958797
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0545873840370668
The panorama of knowledge produced on the Teaching of Natural Sciences (Biology, Physics, Geology and Chemistry) in Youth and Adult Education (YAE) evidenced a certain scarcity of investigations with analyses of research published in journals specific to the area of Science Teaching. Knowing this gap, the author investigated in a Scientific Initiation (SI) the perspectives of research on Science Teaching in YAE in scientific articles from Qualis A Brazilian journals, in the period from 1979 to 2019. It is understood that scientific knowledge is indispensable to today's human being and that it is constantly developing, so it is worth expanding the Scientific Initiation investigation in articles about Science Teaching in YAE published in 2020. The general objective of this research was to perform a comparative analysis of the perspectives for conceiving the relationship of Science Teaching in YAE identified in the period 1979-2019 with the period 2020, in Qualis A Science Teaching journals in the Brazilian context, in order to attribute greater consistency to the SI results. For this, we took dialogical learning as a reference, because it (a) provides validity for the development of an education that guarantees maximum levels of learning for everyone, (b) to have been conceived by Ramón Flecha in 1997 starting from the modality of Youth and Adult Education in the context of the information society, and (c) to be apparently in line with Scientific Literacy, which perceives scientific knowledge as indispensable to today's human being in view of the challenges of modern society. To do so, the same method of the SI was applied, of bibliographic research, through the exploration of the (14) Brazilian journals of Science Teaching Qualis A in the evaluation of the quadrennium 2013-2016, in which it was searched for articles that researched the intersection between Science Teaching and YAE. For the qualitative analysis of the results it was also adopted the Textual Discourse Analysis that consists of the processes of unitarization, categorization and communication, having as final product of the analysis a metatext. As for the perspectives obtained in qualitative analysis, for the (a) conceptions of learning the categories found in SI and that remain are objectivist and dialectic, and the dialogic category emerges; (b) for Science Teaching perspectives remain the category of social function of science teaching and subcategory of scientific literacy, emerging as a subcategory of curriculum approach the curriculum in action. The results corroborate (a) a lack regarding the amount of research published in the Qualis A Science Teaching journals investigating the Science Teaching -YAE intersection, and (b) the deficit in fulfilling the reparative, equalizing and permanent functions of YAE, as established by the National Education Council, since the learning conceptions used do not consider such aspects in their foundations.
Cultura infantil, culturas infantis e culturas da infância: polissemias em debate.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-08)
Alonso, Giovana
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Moruzzi, Andrea Braga
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1502374705668286
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4896706380829176
This dissertation, inspired by Foucault's genealogy, pursues the concept of “child culture” in order to understand its polysemy, derivations and (in)definitions within the theoretical fields of Childhood Sociology, Early Childhood Education and Childhood Anthropology. Its objective is to map the concept of "child culture" and the way in which it has been mobilized, characterizing the polysemy of the concept and its derivations in the field of Early Childhood Education, Childhood Sociology and Childhood Anthropology, unfolding in the specific objectives, 1) To map and understand the concept of "child culture" in Early Childhood Education, Sociology of Childhood and Anthropology of Childhood researches, based on theoretical productions from the three areas and 2) identify in academic production the way in which the concept "child culture ” is mobilized and how its derivations, such as “children's cultures” and childhood cultures” are presented, what debates they provoke, what themes they carry and what theoretical perspectives they are based on. It starts from the work of Florestan Fernandes, a sociologist considered to be a pioneer in studies related to children and their cultures in Brazil, based on his investigation of folklore. By coining “children's culture” in his writings, Fernandes (1961) understands it as a category of social analysis, turning his gaze to the collective of children and giving visibility to other forms of socialization not considered in the researches of his time until then. Situations related to gender, ethnicity, race, social class and age are highlighted in the trocinhas and frolics investigated by Florestan Fernandes. There is, however, a certain modification and reinterpretation of the concept of “child culture” due to new debates, demands and perspectives that are being adopted with the inauguration of the fields of Childhood Sociology, Early Childhood Education and Childhood Anthropology. Based on a bibliographical survey and genealogical inspiration, 24 Brazilian productions dating from 1999 to 2021 were selected and analyzed. There is a predominance of studies on "child culture", "children's cultures" and "childhood cultures" in magazines of the educational area, showing that the proposed debate on culture is especially related to Early Childhood Education institutions. When composing a genealogy of the Sociology of Childhood, we are faced with prominent countries, theoretical perspectives that underpin it, and themes that are providential in the debates raised within it, such as agency, protagonism, production of culture and children's collective. The same was done with the concept of “child culture”, composing a genealogy about this one that would be able to present their perspectives, theoretical basis and the themes that are parallel and complementary to them. Thus, the issues of time, play, socialization, teacher education and research with children stand out. Among the theoretical basis on which these works are based, the studies by Florestan Fernandes, Manuel Sarmento and Manuel Pinto and Willian Corsaro stand out. Based on the studies analyzed and highlighted throughout this work, it is recognized that the field of Sociology of Childhood and Early Childhood Education grows and strengthens in a tangential way in the Brazilian research scenario and complement each other in relation to the interests for children and childhood . We are faced with a moving, plural and hybrid Sociology of Childhood in Brazil, as it integrates different interests, needs, objectives and methodologies in addition to sociological ones.
Proposta de processos químicos para melhor recuperação de hidrocarboneto de alto valor agregado de uma indústria de biotecnologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-08)
Bento, Renato Franco de Camargo
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Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4835270236812524
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4719672751670857
The biotechnology industry studied produces a long-chain branched hydrocarbon as one of its main products with high added value and precursor to various chemicals of commercial interest. This hydrocarbon is produced by aerobic respiration of a genetically modified microorganism, and part of the target product during the purification step. The fraction of the bioproduct lost in the downstream step, if recovered, could have a positive impact on the overall bioprocess performance and, therefore, on the company’s profitability. This work proposes to evaluate the characteristics of the effluent streams of the hydrocarbon (oil) recovery and purification steps, based on the quantification of their concentration in these streams and their association form with the other by-products, to propose alternatives for its recovery. The industrial production data from 2020 were used for this study, and the statistical analysis of the quantitative data of the effluent stream identified two important point of oil losses. The first one occurs in the fermentation broth cell separation step (separation step 1), which 4.21% of the hydrocarbon is lost either by emulsification with vinasse or by microbial cells internal association. The second one occurs in the oil/water separation phase (separation step 2), which approximately 12% of the hydrocarbon fed is lost either by emulsification with the aqueous phase or by emulsification with dead cells still present in the feed stream (<1%). From this study, it is proposed that cells be separated (step 1) by cross-flow filtration or centrifugation, followed by cell disruption by high pressure homogenization for oil extraction aided by an apolar organic solvent. For the separation step 2, it is proposed to separate the cells remaining from step 1 by crossflow filtration or by series membrane filtration with appropriate sized pores. then the filtrate, mostly containing an aqueous phase would be sent to a liquid-liquid extraction column for the separation of the oil phase. As an alternative, if the separation step 2 feed stream contains less emulsified oil, it could be recovered by evaporations in steps at low pressures for water evaporation (first step) and oil evaporation (second step), remaining the solids in the evaporator. It is concluded the downstream steps of the studied industry could be modified to increasing the overall yield of the process by recovering the lost fraction of the interested product. However, the modification proposed requires future studies of economic viability and process capability to achieve the final product required purity (>97%) to decision making.
Dinâmica espacial e perfil produtivo da agricultura no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul em 2006 e 2017
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-09)
Oliveira, Poliana Silva de
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Figueiredo, Adriano Marcos Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3815837428657319
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Aguiar, Danilo Rolim Dias de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1889207481986151
The state of Mato Grosso do Sul is an important producer of agricultural products, especially of soybeans, corn and sugarcane, which together accounted for 94% of the states’s gross revenue from all annual agricultural products in 2017. Moreover, both the revenue and the farmed area with these three activities have grown substantially. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the development of the production of soybeans, corn and sugar-cane in the cities of Mato Grosso do Sul, between 2006 and 2017, estimating localization and specialization indexes plus an extended Shift Share model. Results show that there are a larger number of cities specialized in the production of soybeans and also that this crop is more disperse spatially comparing with the other two crops. In addition, the production of sugar cane is the only showing changes in the pattern of concentration and dispersion. Finally, the shift-share analysis suggests positive effects of different determinants, mainly area effects for sugar-cane and productivity effects for corn. Soybeans was the only one with positive price effects.
Proposta de uso de distribuições finitas de probabilidade e distribuição T^2-Hotelling para o monitoramento de processos de múltiplos fluxos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-09)
Vicentin, Damaris Serigatto
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Oprime, Pedro Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9291517431456908
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6367295398528661
A topic still little researched is the monitoring and control of multiple stream processes (Multiple Stream Process - MSP). These are cases in which the equipment has several modules and each module produces the same parts, components and materials with different parameters of means and standard deviations, constituting subpopulations. Within this scope, the objective of this thesis was to propose a finite mixture control chart model for monitoring MSP, which is still rarely found in the literature, and to compare it with the control chart T^2-Hotelling. To achieve the intended objective, was used the quantitative and qualitative approach based on modelling, through the application in an illustrative case with real data collected during the production of pastry dough from a food industry. A comparative analysis was performed regarding the statistical and operational aspects between the finite mixture control charts and T^2-Hotelling. It was observed that the approaches differ in terms of their assumptions, as in their mathematical and operational complexity. In terms of performance, the T^2-Hotelling charts were better at detecting problems (special causes of the process) and easier to apply due to their lower mathematical complexity. On the other hand, the finite mixture graph is innovative, it is applicable, it considers all the flows and the variability between them in a single control graph, it is easier in terms of the sampling procedure, but it brings greater mathematical complexity to its application.
Ação do óleo essencial de pimenta-rosa ("Schinus terebinthifolius") no desenvolvimento in vitro de "Colletotrichum truncatum", agente causal da antracnose da soja ("Glycine max")
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-09)
Araujo, Ana Carolina
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Mello, Ana Paula de Oliveira Amaral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0308248590715976
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4077771101339527
the soybean is one of the most economically important crops in the world and has been cultivated by thousands of family farmers, especially in the southern region of the country. Crop productivity can be threatened by various types of pathogens that cause various diseases, including anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum. One of its main control methods has been the application of fungicides in crops, which contributes to increasing environmental insecurity and concern for the health of the population. In this sense, the use of vegetable oils in phytopathogenic control can be an interesting alternative to replace such chemicals. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the essential oil of pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) on the in vitro growth of colonies of the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum, the causal agent of anthracnose in soybean. The essential oil was applied in different ways to the Potato-Dextrose-Agar (BDA) culture medium in separate Petri dishes. Then, mycelial disks of the fungus were plated and their growth evaluated at 3, 5, 7 and 9 days. The results show that the greatest control of the growth of the pathogen occurs in T3 (essential oil on the surface), usually followed by T4 (filter paper). In addition, from 500 μl to 800 μl, approximately 1 centimeter of growth was suppressed on the 9th day.
A abordagem sobre serviços ecossistêmicos nos cursos de ciências biológicas das universidades públicas brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-09)
Santos, Larissa da Silva dos
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Agostini, Kayna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5894768661755535
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2323170573927751
Ecosystem services are ecological processes or functions that directly or indirectly contribute to the well-being of man. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment proposes four classifications: supply services; regulation services; cultural services; support services. According to the IPBES, in 2019 an amount of US $ 125 trillion / year was estimated globally for these services. In this way, man's well-being and economic development are intrinsically related to the quantity and quality of ecosystem services. However, even with their importance, ecosystems and their services are being increasingly negatively affected to meet the growing demand for resources, due to population and economic growth. Considering so many aspects addressed by the theme, it is extremely important for the training of future biologists to understand this area more deeply. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the Pedagogical Project of the Biological Sciences courses at Brazilian public universities, in relation to the theme of ecosystem services, to verify how this theme is approached at Brazilian public universities. With the analysis of the pedagogical projects of the universities, it was possible to observe that the great majority had subjects that superficially approached the theme, however, there were few that had subjects focused only on ecosystem services. As well as the north and northeast regions of the country, which stood out the most during the analyzes.
Recursos de tecnologia assistiva para avaliação de hipóteses de escrita de alunos com paralisia cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-12)
Moralles, Adriana
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Lourenço, Gerusa Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1474728505225459
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2145737742048675
The present work focuses on investigating the writing hypotheses of students with Cerebral Palsy who are in the process of literacy, seeking solutions through assistive technology (TA) resources. The objectives were to evaluate the performance of students with Cerebral Palsy in relation to writing hypotheses, using assistive technology resources such as the mobile alphabet and computer access for alternative writing, and to characterize the challenges and strategies implemented for the literacy process of these students. This is a multiple case study that had as direct participants three students with cerebral palsy in literacy process, respectively at eight and nine years of age, enrolled in elementary school I of the Municipal and State networks of a city in the interior of São Paulo, which receive specialized educational care (ESA) in a convened institution. As indirect participants, the teachers who accompany these students in the ESA, in the common room and their guardians (mothers and grandmothers). Instruments applied to characterize the students, were: GMFCS) - Extended and Revised Gross Motor Function Classification System; (MACS) - Manual Skill Classification System and (CFCS) - Communication Function Classification System for individuals with CP, a protocol for assessing accessibility to the computer for students with PC; Semi-structured interviews with teachers from the common room, the ESA and with the guardians; and an event recording protocol constructed by the researcher, in addition to a field diary. The procedures include the analysis of the students' needs for the implementation of alternative writing resources based on the demands of each of the participants in the ESA and the analysis of the writing hypothesis of these students in evaluation sessions that ranged from one to two individual meetings, with proposals for recognition and naming of letters, and written using mobile alphabet and conventional keyboard. All sessions were filmed and analyzed to characterize the students' performance regarding writing, in the literacy process, as well as the need to adapt resources for the implementation of alternative writing in computer. The interviews with the teachers and guardians were recorded in audio and analyzed through content analysis. In all three cases, the teachers and family members indicated the challenges in the proposition of specific activities for literacy in view of the motor and communicative commitment of the students, with the motivation and interest of the students as strengths in the process. In the direct evaluation with the participants, it was possible to identify the hypothesis of writing of two with the use of the mobile alphabet, one at the pre-silabic level and the other in the silabic-alphabetic. With the third participant, the survey conducted in only one session was not enough to achieve a robust result in this item. It was also identified that the three participants are potential candidates for the use of the computer for alternative writing purposes, with adaptations related to the typing functions of the operating system itself, in addition to the use of acrylic hives to facilitate typing. Suggestions about other types of TA features are presented. It is considered that the study can raise relevant points for the area of Special Education when it comes to the schooling process of students with cerebral palsy and the needs of differentiated processes and resources for the quality of the proposed pedagogical work.