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Avaliação da qualidade do solo em manejo agroflorestal utilizando a Cromatografia Circular de Pfeiffer e indicadores microbiológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05) Razera, Raissa; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8395278868489676
Pfeiffer's Circular Chromatography (PCC) is a qualitative indicator of soil, of low cost, accessible and has shown great potential in studies in Agroecology. Among the various types of agroecological management there are the Agroforestry Systems (SAF), which are a set of agricultural practices that reproduce the ecological processes of the forest together with food production while restoring soil quality and ecosystem services. To monitor the changes caused by agroforestry management in the soil, are used indicators of soil quality, with emphasis on bioindicators, mainly microorganisms, which respond quickly to environmental changes. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the soil quality of an Agroforestry System with different forms of management, during the period of 12 months using microbiological indicators and chemical parameters of the soil, correlated with the PCC. The study area is located on the UFSCar Sorocaba-SP campus divided into the plots: SAF control, managed SAF, pasture and Atlantic Forest Fragment. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-10 cm and 10- 20 cm, in the dry and rainy seasons. Soil samples were analyzed using PCC and the indicators: total mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria, total fungi, pH, moisture and organic matter. No significant differences were found between the sampling depths 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm for all indicators in all sampled plots. It was found that there was no significant difference between the control SAF and the managed SAF, in the studied period, for all the analyzed indicators. PCC, total mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria and total fungi were sensitive to seasonality between the dry and rainy seasons. There was a positive correlation demonstrated by the central zone (aeration zone) of the PCC, with organic matter and soil moisture. Thus, the intensity of the management applied in the Experimental SAF was not sufficient to cause significant changes in the quality of the soil, during the evaluated period.
Adaptações curriculares para um aluno com transtorno do espectro do autismo: estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05) Almeida, Giovana Maria de; Elias, Nassim Chamel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7917584178434008
Autism is a disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate and interact socially, as well as their learning. This case study analyzes pedagogical actions performed by me as a therapeutic companion for an eleven-year-old child with moderate autism. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of social and pedagogical adaptations made within the school environment. This is a qualitative research that developed for two years within a private institution in the interior of São Paulo. Through procedures such as describing the proposed activities, identifying the difficulty in both developing such activities, as well as the difficulties and acceptance of the student in relation to them. The analysis and development of the types of evaluation and the inclusion of the child in the classroom. The conclusions indicate a satisfactory development of the student in relation to their communication, the pleasure and interest in developing pedagogical activities and a remarkable increase in socialization.
Potencialidades de sistemas agroflorestais integrados com plantas alimentícias não convencionais como estratégia para a restauração ecológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05) Barbosa, Murilo Rafael; Penha, Alessandra dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9799774247477252; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3752261793713523
We aimed to do an essay about the potentialities of unconventional food plants when reconciled with agroforestry systems, as an ecological restoration strategy. Due to the accelerated devastation of tropical forests, a consequence of the advance and expansion of territories by agricultural activities, mainly monocultures, it is necessary that reflections on alternative models of ecological restoration have more research focus. The theoretical and practical framework of the ecology of the restoration has enabled reflections on models of environmental adequacy of agricultural landscapes, combined with the conservation of natural resources, based on the contemporary paradigm of sustainability. In this perspective, SAFs are emerging, which can potentially combine forestry, agricultural and / or animal elements, generating a source of income for small and medium farmers, who could at least partially bear the high costs of ecological restoration, and polycultures would meet the demands ecosystems, agricultural and social. Certain plants found spontaneously in the midst of agricultural crops or in places with favorable conditions for their development, are called “unconventional food plants”. These plants have numerous benefits when compared to conventional vegetables, for example, high nutritional contents, they can be consumed in a healthy way in the diet, they produce vegetable biomass, and they can contribute to the life of the farmer in the field. Therefore, it is possible to model an agroforestry system integrated with PANC to increase food production in a sustainable and diversified manner, in addition to contributing as a strategy for the restoration of degraded natural ecosystems, safeguarding food security, income and rural assistance.
Agenda de políticas públicas nos governos Dilma e Temer: suas características e a relação com o plano de governo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05) Andrade, João Vitor dos Santos; Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1119437863992427
This research is part of the field of study of public policies, more precisely the stage of setting priorities and forming the government agenda (policy agenda-setting). From the theoretical and methodological framework developed and improved over the last decades by researchers in the field, with emphasis on the theory of Punctuated Equilibrium by Baumgartner and Jones (1993) and the Multiple Streams model by Kingdon (2014), we studied the variation on the governmental agenda of the presidency of the Republic under the governments of Dilma Rousseff and Michel Temer (2015-2018). The period that encompasses the research was marked by an impeachment that changed the composition of the government, changing both the actors present in this sphere of decision (turnover) as well as the agenda of priorities in public policies. The objective of the study was to highlight points of proximity and distance between the attention given to public problems at both times and to compare them with the Government Plan, a document that contains the agenda released to voters during the electoral campaign, pointing out what has changed and what causes of change. Thus, we analyzed the variation in attention over time based on the data obtained through the content analysis of normative and non-normative documents related to the government and the candidacy of the elected slate. From the results, we can see that in the agenda presented during the election there was a high attention to issues related to macroeconomics, a characteristic that remained on the agenda of both governments with a continuous increase year after year, albeit with a change in specificities. Issues related to social policies and civil rights, on the other hand, have seen a reduction in attention. The effects of the economic and political crises had an impact on the agenda, leaving economic and administrative issues in evidence and taking away the centrality of the others, in addition to reducing the diversity of the agenda that started to focus on a reduced number of issues.
Das categorizações aos valores referenciais: a (in)definição linguística em construção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05) Facundes, Leonildes Pessoa; Onofre, Marilia Blundi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4908382415301882; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9216195900640868
Dans cette thèse, nous avons développé une étude sur la notion d’« indéfinition » vu sur l’approche de la Théorie des Opérations Prédicatives et Énonciatives (TOPE), un cadre théorique sur lequel nous nous appuyons. Cette perspective est confrontée à des approches grammaticales qui prédominent dans l’enseignement qui, dénouant la grammaire du texte, attribuent à la notion d’indéfinition aux classes de mot, telles que l’article indéfini et les pronoms indéfinis. Nous avons décidé d’étudier ce sujet à cause de, d’un côté, notre insatisfaction en tant qu’enseignant dans un cours de lettres par rapport aux approches grammaticales prescriptives et descriptives qui prévalent dans l’enseignement de langue, puisque ces approches sont incongrues quand nous visons le développement de la compétence discursive des élèves, objectif principale de l'enseignement selon les propositions des programmes officiels. D’autre côté, le contact avec la TOPE nous a fait voir la problématique autour des conceptions grammaticales prescriptives et descriptives, quand on considère le processus d’énonciation linguistique. La TOPE met l’accent sur l’articulation lexico-grammatical, ce qui signifie que les traditionnels champs linguistiques fono-morpho-syntaxique-sémantique-énonciatif sont reconnus en articulation. De cette façon, nous nous questionnons sur la notion d’indéfinition appliquée aux classes de l’article et du pronom indéfini. Pour analyser ces classes dans l’énonciation, et ainsi composer notre corpus, nous considérons les occurrences de ces marqueurs, des articles indéfinis et des pronoms indéfinis, dans des contes fantastiques. Ainsi, nous cherchons à analyser de telles occurrences dans l’énonciation en articulant la grammaire au texte. Le choix du genre conte fantastique se justifie au fur et à mesure qu’il se présente comme un contenu d’enseignement du 6e au 9e année du primaire II, notre cadre d’observation, en analysant la grammaire dans la proposition de la TOPE. Dans une première observation, ces marqueurs étaient très présents dans ces contextes, ce qui nous indiquait un possible rôle léxico-grammatical-énonciatif de ces notions à étudier, car dans la TOPE les valeurs référentielles de ces marques de (in)définition sont des opérations des rôles énonciatifs et discursifs dans les constructions des textes. Le pronom indéfini a le même rôle qu’il n’aurait pas besoin d’être dans une classe différente, son rôle référentiel est le même que celui des articles, au niveau morphologique, c’est-à-dire, qu’ils sont des marqueurs de la même nature à la frontière entre définition/indéfinition. Nous concluons que ce sont des mouvements lexico-grammaticaux qui sont dans toutes les classes grammaticales, en vrai ce sont des notions créées dans le texte.
Custo de frete e emissão de gee na substituição da frota de carretas por rodotrens em uma empresa do ramo alimentício
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05) Geromel, Leticia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2656343277991754; Faria, Luiz Carlos de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2656343277991754; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8817398231300821
This study aimed to estimate the cost of freight and emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) from diesel combustion, by replacing the Trucks fleet with Road Trains in the operation between the cities of Novo Horizonte/SP and Alcântara/RJ from a food company, in this case, sugar. The study was implemented during eleven months, a period in which the difference between the freight price between the two vehicles can be calculated according to their respective load capacities. The "Bottom-up" method was used, using data such as the average age of the fleet to determine the emission factors for each pollutant and the number of monthly trips by Trucks and Road Trains performed in the eleven month period. Furthermore, the calculated values were converted to the equivalent unit of carbon dioxide, so that they could be compared. The Road Train, as it ships 60% more cargo than the Truck, brought a total savings of R$ 210.156,00 in the period of the study. The values found for the Truck vehicle throughout the period were 517.252,73kgCO2eq for CO2, 736.49kgCO2eq for CH4 and 5.436,03kgCO2eq for N2O. And for the Road Train vehicle the results were 323.338,04kgCO2eq for CO2, 460.39kgCO2eq for CH4 and 3.398,10kgCO2eq for N2O. In view of the savings in freight costs and the reduction in GHG emissions by the Road Train vehicle, it is suggested that the fleet of the Trucks company be replaced by Road Trains.
A noção de representação na Crítica da Razão Pura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05) Cunha, Peterson Kenji da; Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4241110341683671
The term representation is present throughout the Critique of Pure Reason, a clear indication of its importance for Kant´s critical investigation. However, despite the assumed importance, at each moment, the use of this term does not seem to indicate or mean the same thing. For this reason, the concept of representation can be considered not only complex, but also diffuse; moreover, this difficulty increases considerably since the notion of representation is, according to Kant, conceptually indefinable. On the one hand, in Jäsche's Logic, Kant maintains that the notion of representation is always presupposed in the the structure of knowledge. On the other hand, both in the Inaugural Dissertation and in the Critique of Pure Reason, there is no attempt to explain this concept satisfactorily, which justifies an extensive investigation of the concept of representation in the first Critique. Our aim is to carry out an analysis of the problem of representation in Kant's theoretical philosophy. It is important to determine how the concept of representation, which cannot be defined, appears in some moments of the Inaugural Dissertation and the Critique of Pure Reason. The last and crucial allows to shed light on how the representation can refer to the consciousness, understood as a the highest principle of all knowledge.
Redes Bayesianas para classificação com aprendizado via scoring and restrict: método, aplicação e comparação com métodos tradicionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-05) Ozelame, Camila Sgarioni; Louzada Neto, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7872176095436685
This work is an investigation towards the behavior of discrete Bayesian Networks (BN) which aims to solve classification problems. This methodology is based on graphs and probability theories, and it is defined to be a probabilistic graphical model that allows the relationship visualization among (random) variables and, in general, simplifies the understanding of complex domains. To understand their performance, some classifiers were selected to be compared, such as Naïve Bayes (NB), Tree Augmented Naïve Bayes (TAN), K-Dependence Bayesian Network (KDB), Bayesian Network Augmented Naïve Bayes (BAN), and Averaged One-Dependence Estimator (AODE). In general, the performance of the ensemble classifier AODE outperforms the others. In addition, a hybrid method for structure estimation is proposed and it aims the parsimonious classification. The simulation studies show the new method fits the expectation of increase the prediction performance also, balance the number of connections among variables and, the applications in real datasets support the better understanding of the new approach. Finally, a combination of the classifiers via stacking was presented and it indicated an increase in their performances when they were compared to the methods themselves.