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Alterações neuroanatômicas e funcionais do sistema respiratório no sono e na vigília em um modelo experimental para doença de Alzheimer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-23) Vicente, Mariane Cristine; Carretiero, Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4483052683524615; Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0376859315989162
The dysfunction of the respiratory system is seen in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, but how the pathophysiology mechanisms of the disease are related to the respiratory system remains poorly documented. Here, we treat animals with intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ, 2 mg / kg). In chapter 1, we measured ventilation (VE), electroencephalography and electromyography during normocapnia, hypercapnia and hypoxia in Wistar rats. In addition, we performed western blot analyzes for phosphorylated tau, total tau and amyloid- (Aβ) peptide at the locus coeruleus (LC), retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), medullary raphe, pre-B¨otzinger / B¨otzinger complex and hippocampus, and we evaluated memory acquisition and learning using Barnes' maze. The STZ-DA model increased the ventilatory response in hypercapnia by 26% during wakefulness due to the increase in tidal volume, but no change in VE was observed in room air or ihypoxia conditions. We observed an increase of 93% in the percentage of awake-state time during room air in the STZ model. And, we associate the results to the 73% increase in amyloid beta peptide in the LC region. In order to analyze the electrophysiological properties and sensitivity of LC neurons during hypercapnia (10% CO2, pH = 7) in the STZ-DA model, we performed the patch clamp technique in chapter 2. We observed that most (~ 60%) of the noradrenergic neurons of the LC in adult rats were inhibited after exposure to CO2, as indicated by a significant decrease in the action potential (AP). The STZ-DA model had a 57% higher sensitivity to CO2 compared to controls, which was partly due to the hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential -52.2 mV. The reduction in AP in both groups was generally accompanied by lower activity of the LC network, depolarized AP threshold, increased AP repolarization and increased current through a voltage-dependent sub-population of K + channels (KV). Then, in chapter 3, we decided to take a treatment with the drug minocycline to reverse the cognitive, respiratory, sleep-awake cycle, and molecular disorders found earlier in chapter 1 in the STZ model. For that, we performed the same techniques as in chapter 1. Additionally, the animals were treated for five days with minocycline at a dose of 30 mg / kg, we analyzed the micrology cells in the LC region by immunohistochemistry for IBA-1 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines by real-time PCR. Minocycline treatment improved learning and memory, possibly due to decreased cell density and inactivation of microglia cells in the LC region, as well as decreased IL-B cytokine. However, the treatment did not reverse the increased sensitivity to CO2 during awake state in room air. Likewise, we did not observe a decrease in the expression of beta-amyloid peptide in the LC region after treatment. Our study demonstrates that the ventilatory response to CO2 is increased in the STZ model due to changes in the noradrenergic neurons of the LC, which have their electrophysiological properties altered possibly by an increase in beta-amyloid. The cognitive and sleep changes observed in the STZ model are due to changes in microglia, since the use of minocycline was able to attenuate
Análise estatística da resistência à compressão e módulo de elasticidade de concretos com agregados de resíduos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-23) Oliveira, Tawan Mundim de; Nardin, Silvana de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5587716781980132; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1365747842102318
Civil construction is an important indicator of a country's economic and social development, but it is also an activity that generates environmental impacts and its residues have been a major problem for society. Part of the waste generated, especially that of concrete, can be transformed into aggregates and replace part of the natural aggregates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of substituting natural coarse aggregate for recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) on the mechanical properties of concrete. The starting point was the creation of a database formed with results of compressive strength and modulus of elasticity available in the literature. These data were used in statistical analyzes that took as a reference the results corresponding to concretes with natural aggregates. The compressive strength in RCA concretes showed that the variation in relation to the reference concrete increases as the substitution content increases, the same behavior was observed for the elastic modulus. The concretes with recyclable aggregates showed great heterogeneity, with a minimum variation coefficient of 57 for compressive strength and 39 for the modulus of elasticity.
Gestão democrática da escola pública e os desafios da sua implementação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-23) Assunção, Beatriz da Silva; Lima, Paulo Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5109357037661496; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5403322490187602
The aim of this paper is to discuss the paths and objectives in the implementation of Democratic Management in public schools in the Brazilian context, using theoretical frameworks and a survey to analyze the perspective of Pedagogy students regarding the discussion. It is a qualitative research. The methodology used was bibliographic research, through a review of specialized literature and documentary analysis through a questionnaire conducted with twenty-one students in the fifth year of undergraduate studies in Pedagogy at the Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba campus. The results showed that a large part of the volunteers only knew the term Democratic Management after entering graduation, in addition, part of the accredited participants had never known a school that exercised Democratic Management, this reveals that the process in legislative form is extremely fundamental but it is still no guarantee that Democratic Management is present in public schools. Thus, when exercised in its integral concept, through the understanding that the school is a historical and cultural form, it is able to articulate the means to the end, mediating the construction of the subject in the historical-critical scope. Circumstantiating the paths taken by Public Educational Policies in Brazil, addressing how democratic management appears in documents and their influences over the years is essential. In this research, we will seek to understand the reasons why Democratic Management has not been built and applied in a broad way in the context of Brazilian public schools.
Construção de linhagens recombinantes de Xanthomonas sp. para a produção de Goma Xantana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-23) Oliveira, Davi Benedito; Silva, Adilson José da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3447469350644179; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0403958118014255
Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide produced by bacteria from the genus Xanthomonas. This biopolymer has many industrial applications such as in food and cosmetics production, oil extraction process, among others. There is no national production of this compound, which leads us to import high volumes of xanthan gum annually. Currently, the development of production processes for this biopolymer has focused on the optimization of growth media and operational parameters, as well as on downstream steps to recover the product from the fermentation broth. However, a key aspect of this process is the development of optimized strains. In this context, a deterministic model in Python developed by Kundlascht (2017) identified the reactions catalyzed by UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase (UDPG-PP) and UDP-Glucose dehydrogenase (UDPG-deH) as being the bottleneck of the xanthan gum biosynthesis pathway. The model predicted the system behavior with the enzymes’ super-expression, indicating a significant rise in the gum monomers synthesis. From these results, the present work sought the hypothesis validation performing the cloning and the transformation of the genes galU (UDPG-PP) e Udg (UDPG-deH) in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (XCC) using a broad host range plasmid as the backbone. Three plasmids were then produced containing each individual gene or both genes together, which were respectively named pLACR1_deH, pLACR1_PP and pLACR1_OP. To evaluate gum production by the new transformed strains with the constructed plasmids, cultures were performed in shake flasks with two different inducer concentrations. The results showed up to 21.7% more productivity (Pr) of xanthan gum for the best recombinant strain compared to the parental strain. This result validates the initial hypothesis about the pathway bottlenecks identified by in silico analysis.
Fluidodinâmica e transferência de calor em leitos de jorro visando a secagem de grãos de Sorgo: análise experimental e simulação numérica por CFD-DEM e TFM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-23) Batista, Júnia Natália Mendes; Béttega, Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1379682125857376; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8738610817154807
Simulations of granular flows in spouted beds are carried out following two main approaches: two-fluid model (TFM) and CFD-DEM coupling (Computational Fluid Dynamics/Discrete Element Method). Moreover, the fluid dynamics of conical spouted beds with 3.20 mm grain sorghum were evaluated through experiments, TFM simulations (2D, and 3D), and CFD-DEM simulations. The gas-solid heat transfer was evaluated by experiments and through CFD-DEM simulations. To determine the input parameters of the CFD-DEM simulations, the direct measurement approach was used. Hence, devices were built to measure the restitution, static friction, and rolling friction coefficients to account for particle-particle and particle-wall interactions. First, the simulations were conducted from operational conditions, and experimental data to validate the model obtained from the literature. Subsequently, an experimental unit was constructed and fluid dynamic and heat transfer tests were performed. The simulations were conducted using the FLUENT® software. The geometries were built in DesignModeler and the computational grids generated in Meshing from the ANSYS® package, student version 19.1. With the experimental devices and employed methodologies, it was possible to obtain the material and interaction properties, which were essential to obtain satisfactory results in the CFD-DEM simulations. The behavior of the spouted bed was predicted with the CFD-DEM coupling, such as the transition stages from static bed to stable spouting conditions. In addition, the fluid dynamic characteristic curve was successfully simulated for both experimental units analyzed. For 2D and 3D TFM simulations, the pressure drop data as a function of air velocity (fluid dynamic characteristic curve) did not show the typical behavior of spouted bed. Through CFD-DEM simulations, the effect of six cone angles (28°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°) on the spouted bed fluid dynamics was also evaluated, in order to determine the configuration that favors the drying process. Smaller cone angles provide better solids circulation with higher mass flow rate, and shorter cycle times. Consistent results were also verified for the heat transfer. After reaching the steady-state, there were no dead zones in the spouted bed, and the particles temperature was homogeneous, which is evidence of the efficient gas-solid contact with this drying equipment.
Insetos comestíveis como fonte proteica alternativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-23) Ferraz, Lucas Previtali; Moraes, Moyses Naves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1103782342351837; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3872042159125319
The world population and demand for food are expected to have considerable growth in the next 30 years. In such case, the food could not be sufficiently supplied with sustainability. Therefore, edible insect proteins have been studied with more interest in the last years as a potential alternative source of protein to help meet such demand as food or feed. This kind of protein is more sustainable because it can be produced in small areas and systems with low emissions of greenhouse effect gases. Based on the nutritional aspect, insect proteins have a quality similar to conventional proteins in terms of essential amino acids. According to scientific data compilation, these proteins used in several preparation forms and process conditions show properties comparable with those of proteins widely used for functional purposes in food. Products prepared with partial replacement of conventional proteins by insects using flours or protein concentrates may be interesting to improve the acceptance and adoption of this novel protein source in the diet by Western consumers. Currently, insects as food are considered in the category of novel foods by western legislation, requiring prior authorization and proof of safety. This tends to change as this emerging source gains notoriety and relevance in these markets
Consumismo infantil: um olhar sobre o papel da escola nos anos iniciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-23) Moura, Bianca Paula de; Sant'Ana, Izabella Mendes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1422608364404035
This study aims to present a bibliographic survey on consumerism in childhood, seeking to contribute to the discussion of the theme in the educational field. To this end, the work addresses the relationship between culture and consumption, the definition of consumerism, marketing and advertising, the presentation of the definition of childhood, the influence of the media and its relationship with child consumerism, laws for the protection of children and the role of the school in this context. It is exposed that the market increasingly uses mechanisms to win over the child audience using various media and tools such as advertising, advertising and "marketing" that increase their profitability and profitability on a daily basis. Ever-changing family functioning models and easy access to new technologies make consumer education a much-needed reality for the schooling process. It is discussed that it is necessary to educate students under a critical perspective, seeking to overcome naive visions and to create more conscious habits about consumption.