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Indicadores ambientais de Sistemas Agroflorestais: um estudo de caso do Projeto de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável (PDRS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-26) Fernandes, Fernanda Santos; Tonello, Kelly Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5714300164116762
The soil is considered a living organism, the Agroforestry Systems are considered more sustainable production systems for the generation of food, inputs and conservation of forests and biodiversity. This study aimed to evaluate the infiltration rate, soil cover and leaf damage in Agroforestry Systems as a function of the rain seasonality. The study was conducted, in a complex, biodiverse and successional Agroforestry Systems with occasional cultural treatment and in a simple Agroforestry Systems, with cultural treatment performed periodically. In both cases, the monitoring of the infiltration rate was also carried out in control plots. The rate of water infiltration in the soil was obtained by the container method. A comparison was made between the campaigns between the rainy season and the dry season. The ground cover was verified using the 1m2 quadrant method. Leaf damage was assessed visually from two leaves collected from each of the faces (N, S, E, W) in the middle third of the individual of shrub / tree size. ANOVAs of the indicators were performed, when this was significant, the Student test was performed. TI increased by 63% in Agroforestry Systems 1 and 3% in Agroforestry Systems 2 , when compared to witness averages. In both areas, the average soil coverage was less than 50%, but it influenced the IT. Both Agroforestry Systems showed some level of leaf damage, which was positively influenced by soil cover. It was concluded that the studied Agroforestry Systems present improvements in the pre-established indicators
Ampliação de distribuição geográfica de morfotipos de galhas e galhadores da família Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) em espécies do gênero Andira Lam. (Fabaceae) no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-26) Silva, Eduardo Alves Martins; Urso-Guimarães, Maria Virginia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8718750802689009; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0727810009913634
Galls are structures formed by the modification of plant tissue by the action of agents such as viruses, bacteria, nematodes, and, mainly, insects. Most known galls are induced by dipterans of the Cecidomyiidae family. Many gall morphotypes can be found in host plants simultaneously. Their presence is a marker to identify the gall makers because there is a species-specific interaction between gall makers and host plant species. This study aimed to search for records of the occurrence of morphotypes induced by cecidomyiids in Andira Lam. species distributed in Brazil to expand the geographical distribution of gall morphotypes and, consequently, of their gall makers. The study was carried out through the search for records of gall morphotypes in Andira species in the database of scientific articles and in Brazilian and abroad virtual herbaria. As results were found records for six species of Andira, which are Andira cujabensis Benth, Andira fraxinifolia Benth., Andira humilis Mart. ex Benth., Andira nitida Mart. ex Benth., Andira surinamensis (Bondt) Splitg. ex Amshoff, and Andira vermifuga (Mart.) Benth. In addition to the distribution registered in the original description of the gall makers –which usually cover only the type-locality– two new records of occurrence were found for Andira fraxinifolia and Andira nitida each, four for Andira humilis and six for Andira vermifuga. With these new records of occurrence, there was an expansion of geographic distribution to six new locations in Brazilian states already sampled, and new occurrences to the states of Bahia, Paraíba, Goiás, Ceará and Distrito Federal.
Estudo da secagem da polpa do abacate (Persea americana)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-26) Dal-Bó, Vanessa; Freire, José Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7303635607073176
The drying process can be carried out by different methods, but the choice directly influences the quality of the final product, which can obviously be affected by operational conditions. This work aims to study the drying of the avocado pulp, through process optimization and experimental analysis. To achieve the proposed objective, this study was divided into two stages. Initially, the equipment to be used for drying the fruit pulp was defined. For this, the process synthesis techniques were applied, such as making the branch-and-bound trees, heuristic rules and determination the base flowchart, using the fuzzy logic method. From the application of the process synthesis, the lyophilization equipment proved to be promising for the drying process of the fruit pulp. After, considering that the knowledge of the drying rate is essential in the choice of suitable conditions for the lyophilization process, and the experimental data obtained to determine the drying kinetics, in the simplest lyophilizer, are measured in a discontinuous way, through destructive analysis, a simplest and low-cost setup for a laboratory-scale lyophilizer was developed, with an automated data acquisition system. The setup made it possible to obtain the drying kinetics curves, the temperature of the material as a function of time and the pressure difference, in addition to controlling different temperatures of the heating tray. The study was evaluated for the drying of the avocado pulp with heating temperature of 30, 40, 50 ° C and also without the supplying controlled of heat. The data acquisition system implemented proved to be satisfactory for the conditions evaluated. As expected, the load cell was influenced by the operating conditions, but the data was reproducible, so it was possible to minimize errors in the measurement of mass. The controlled supply of heat during lyophilization accelerated the process and, consequently, had a direct influence on the drying rate. In addition to the tests related to lyophilization of the avocado pulp, the influence of drying on the morphology, thermal decomposition, rehydration capacity, color, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the fruit pulp was verified. It was observed that the heating temperature had an influence on the evaluated parameters, with temperatures of 40 and 50 ° C being the most appropriate for the process of dehydration of the fruit pulp. This study proved to be important for the analysis of the steps that occur during the lyophilization process.
Infâncias plurais e educação patrimonial: por uma potencialidade na diversidade das culturas da infância na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-26) Meneghel, Júlia Beranek; Souza, Geraldo Tadeu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3516168011612531; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3866499947285646
This monograph has the general objective of this study to reflect on the existing cultural repertoire and produced by young children and educators through intangible heritage education, in order to contribute with pedagogical practices and proposals in early childhood education. It is a bibliographic and documentary research around laws and curricular documents necessary for the construction process of this work, understanding culture as an open space for the search for observation through the plurality of childhood, education heritage and cultural repertoire of the child in early childhood education. By reflecting on education heritage and cultural heritage as driving means for thinking and rethinking the history, origin and details that surround us, which often go unnoticed. Through the concepts of material and immaterial heritage, I seek to bring reflection as to their presence in the National Common Curricular Base - BNCC - on the stage of early childhood education. With a focus on early childhood, I try to find if there is a concern on the part of educators regarding the valorization of childhood cultures, from the perspective of the children's repertoires. In this way, we concluded the work with emphasis on the importance of seeing the child as a being who creates, capable of establishing multiple relationships, in order to bring into the school environment an egalitarian, playful education, which respects and dialogues with the diversity of each child and value plural childhoods.
O contexto de prática da política de inclusão na ótica dos estudantes do público-alvo da educação especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-26) Sebin, Bruna Raffaini; Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3897627554738983; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1968042513416116
The present study is part of the matrix project that aimed to carry out a multidimensional assessment from the perspective of different actors whose policies on schooling of students with special education needs (SEN) directly affect it. Bearing in mind that the National Education Plan recommends carrying out studies with the objective of monitoring as goals of educational policies, the objective of this study was to analyze a schooling policy for SEN student’s perspectives. The research anchored in the Policy Cycle Approach perspective had SEN students as actors. The design involved a multi-method research based on the analytical perspective that offers a possibility to interpret the information in a quantitative and qualitative way, for triangulation of results. The study conducted in a small municipality in the state of São Paulo involved 65 SEN students, (56 from elementary school cycle 1, and 9 from elementary school cycle 2) from seven schools in the municipal education system. The instruments used to collect data was closed questionnaires through the SurveyAnyPlace platform and saved in spreadsheets, generating the quantitative database and a semi-structured interview script carried out with five participants. For the analysis of quantitative data, item scoring criteria were created, which were grouped into 15 indicators and, and these in six categories. After converting the responses generated in the database to numerical data (based on the established criteria), we calculated arithmetic averages for each of the indicators, requirements and a general average for the municipality studied. We transcribed the reports obtained in the focus group and excerpts selected to illustrate and support the quantitative data. The aspects of Municipal School Inclusion Policy by Students well evaluated by the students were: 1. Participation (7.1-good), 3) Assessment of learning (6.6- good), 4) Relationships (7.1 - good) and 5) Self-assessment (8.2 - very good). The aspects that deserve more attention from the policy managers and teachers were: 2) Specific support and services (5.5 - regular), and 6)- Accessibility (5.6-regular). The general index for the municipality was good (6.3). We conclude that: a) the questionnaires used need improvement; b) the focus group technique with the students was challenging and the data were succinct due to the complexity of inciting and maintaining deep dialogues and; c) SEN students, even within the collection challenges, demonstrated that their perspectives are unique and their voices are fundamental in the elaboration of schooling policies. We expect that this study will contribute to the area of special education and that the voices of students will be heard and valued.
Sequência didática para o ensino de indução eletromagnética a partir da energia eólica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-26) Carvalho, Juliano de Barros; Silva, Fernanda Keila Marinho da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567; Cruz, Tersio Guilherme de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0705292304279277; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3494360155639422
This project aims to develop a didactic sequence that contributes to learning the concept of electromagnetic induction from the theme of wind energy. The topic is pertinent since lately there is a very strong incentive for countries to adopt a policy of generating electricity from renewable sources and causing the least amount of environmental impact. Wind energy is an abundant and clean energy source and the number of wind farms in Brazil has been growing, indicating an effort by the country to diversify its energy matrix. The educational product developed sought, based on the strategy of using a text for scientific dissemination, the exhibition of scenes from the film “The Boy Who Discovered the Wind” and a series of electromagnetism experiments, to develop activities that promote social interaction between the students and the teacher. Given the difficulties of students in understanding these concepts related to electromagnetism due to the high level of abstraction, the educational product sought, from the diversification of activities, to improve students' understanding of electromagnetic induction and its application in the generation of electrical energy.
Efeito da inserção de nanopartículas de TiO2-OPM sobre as propriedades do PET reciclado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-26) Francatto, Patrícia; Cruz, Sandra Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9632409046763256; Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8125203173536138
Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of the most consumed polymers today, mainly in the fast-disposable beverage market, its excellent properties associated with its low production cost, make it one of the most consumed polymers in the world. However, unfortunately, this high consumption has led to an increase for waste generated by its irregular disposal, which is why recycling becomes more and more important. However, the processing of PET during recycling can decrease its molar mass, impairing its mechanical and thermal properties. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the effect of the insertion of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by the route of peroxide oxidizing complexes, which present the surface modified with the peroxide group (TiO2-OPM) thus increasing the reactivity of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix of recycled PET. The materials obtained were characterized by thermal analysis techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal analysis (TG) and structurally by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Raman scattering spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were also used to verify the morphologies of these materials. Rheological measurements and intrinsic viscosity measurements were also performed. The extrusion process successfully obtained the nanocomposites of recycled PET with the insertion of the nanoparticles. The results of the analysis of the samples of these materials showed that there was an interaction between the nanoparticles and the polymeric matrix of recycled PET, and had an influence on their properties.
Dupla excepcionalidade: identificação de altas habilidades ou superdotação em adultos com deficiência visual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-26) Silva, Josana Carla Gomes da; Rangni, Rosemeire de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399149504309769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0258235198606993
The giftedness is not an immutable condition. They are also not conditioned by characteristics such as race, gender, ethnicity, age, or social class. Sometimes, giftedness occurs concomitantly with other specificities, such as: disability, disorders, or syndromes. In this case, it is called twice exceptionally. Seeking to study this phenomenon, the research aims to identify giftedness in adults with visual impairment. The specific objective is to verify whether the instruments applied – Questionário de Identificação de Indicadores de Altas habilidades/superdotação - Adultos (QIIAHSD-Adultos) and Questionário de Identificação de Indicadores de Altas habilidades/superdotação – Adultos – 2ª fonte (QIIAHSD-Adultos – 2ª fonte)– are effective for this audience. The research has an exploratory and descriptive approach. The study included a field diary, electronic forms related to the instruments (QIIAHSD-Adultos and QIIAHSD-Adultos – 2ª fonte) and an interview script. The research is divided into a pilot study and a main study. The pilot study was carried-out in person before the COVID-19 pandemic, in a city in the countryside of the State of São Paulo. Five people with visual impairment participated as 1st source respondents and three people as 2nd source respondents, aged between 18 and 80 years. The main study took place remotely, through electronic forms and interviews. Altogether, there were 14 participants, aged between 21 and 80 years. Results indicate that one pilot study participant was identified giftedness indicators. In the main study, four participants with giftedness indicators were identified. The data show that enabling postures negatively interfere in the development of people giftedness and visual impairment, which can make their abilities invisible. Some participants indicated that they were seen as dependent people. It was possible to verify that the school and the family have fundamental roles in the general development of these people. These factors can influence negatively, generating trauma, or positively, helping to develop high self-esteem, self-concept, and resilience. The data showed that, in the case of the women who participated in the study, there may be stigmas related to gender and disability, hiding their potential, nullifying their achievements, or reinforcing the belief that their abilities are the result of a lot of effort. The study also demonstrates that the gay person with visual impairment who has high potential suffers more than a double stigma. It is a unique condition, which can lead to developmental dissociation. From the application of the QIIAHSD-Adultos and QIIAHSD-Adultos – 2ª fonte instruments, it was verified that, although they are well elaborated and reach the goal of identifying gifted people, they have some weaknesses, including: the need of the questions aimed at the public with twice exceptionality and the adequacy of developmental concepts and specificities of typical giftedness and visual impairment people. Thus, adaptations in the instruments used in the research are recommended for future studies.
A violência doméstica contra a criança: o papel do educador na rede de proteção à infância
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-26) Araujo, Sabrina Ribeiro da Silva de; Sant'Ana, Izabella Mendes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0417568913182047
The current project, as a bibliographic and reflexive work, seeks to discuss about the role of the educator in the core of child protection in face of the domestic violence. To this end is approached a brief summary about the history on the understanding of childhood and about being a child, the definitions and developments of domestic violence against children, as well as Brazilian legislation up to the promulgation of the Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (Child and Adolescent Statute), emphasizing policies child care and what this meant for the comprehensive child protection System. It shows that, due to the time the child spends at school, the teacher is one of the professionals responsible for identifying situations of domestic violence. However, in order to fulfill their role, it is essential that educators receive guidance and properly training about the rights, the protective policies and about how a safety system works, recognizing the role of the various intersectoral agency that compose it in order to develop a integrated and effective work against violence and about respecting children's rights.