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ACUX: um guia para escrita de aspectos de UX em Critérios de Aceitação de User Stories
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-27) Souza, Jonathan Henrique Jeremias; Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2450239519119988
In recent years, the use of agile software development practices has expanded. In this same context, the concern with User Experience (UX) factors in the software development process has become evident, which is a differential, an aspect of quality. Among the artifacts used in agile practices, User Stories (USs) have great prominence and acceptance, being these the most adopted method to document requirements in agile approaches, as they present points that developers need to elaborate direct form, from the end user perspective. Together with the USs, the Acceptance Criteria (ACs) are described, to complement them, presenting points that should be considered by developers when implementing the software, in addition to defining when a US is satisfied. The attention devoted to the requirements stage, significantly impacts the quality of a final product. However, even understanding the importance, it is common for UX-related requirements to be neglected in practice. It is observed that there is a demand for tools and methods that can eliminate difficulties both in requirements engineering related to UX, as well as in the integration of UX with agile development. Thus, the objective of this master’s project was to propose a guide, called ACUX, composed of guidelines to help developers and software teams to write aspects of UX in ACs of USs. From a preliminary study of the literature, it was possible to identify and understand the main related topics and obtain an overview of the research. A Systematic Literature Mapping (MSL) was conducted to gather evidence on existing approaches related to ACs and USs, and UX. The results confirmed the absence of studies focused on ACs, and made it possible to establish a relationship between the existing approaches and necessary actions for elaboration of the proposal. An exploratory study was conducted to identify how developers describe UX aspects in ACs, and for that, a qualitative analysis was carried out on a set of USs/ACs. The results showed that UX aspects can be included in ACs. ACUX was proposed considering information extracted from the MSL and from the results of exploratory study. The proposed guide was validated by four specialists, who are in the areas of: Software Engineering, Human-Computer Interaction, and UX. After the validation process, the final version of ACUX was defined. ACUX was evaluated in a case study carried out in industry, in which two development teams, from two software startups, used ACUX in real projects. After use, the participants made the artifacts (USs and ACs) available that were prepared with the support of ACUX, and provided feedbacks on the use of the guide through interviews. The analysis of the artifacts showed that in the two startups, UX aspects were reported in most ACs elaborated with support of ACUX. The interviews, on the other hand, showed that ACUX conduce the writing of UX aspects in ACs, promoting the discussion of UX information.
Produção integrada de etanol 1G/2G utilizando meios industriais e leveduras recombinantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-27) Pereira, Laís Portugal Rios da Costa; Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648684269387357
Second generation (2G) ethanol is an alternative to increase the supply of this biofuel without expanding the sugarcane plantation area and to utilize the excess of sugarcane bagasse available in Brazil due to the intense economic activity related to sugar and alcohol production. Due to the advances in Molecular Biology, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains capable of assimilating and fermenting xylose, the main sugar present in the hemicellulosic fraction of lignocellulosic materials, have been developed. However, the low tolerance of these yeasts to hemicellulose hydrolysates inhibitors (acetic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural and phenolic compounds) and to ethanol leads to loss of cell viability and to low fermentation rates and ethanol productivities, compromising the performance and economic viability of the fermentation process. Thus, the development of more efficient production processes to obtain high ethanol concentrations, compatible with those required in the distillation step, from hemicellulose hydrolysates with high sugar concentrations, is necessary. Process improvement depends both on the availability of yeast strains that are more tolerant to inhibitors and on operating strategies that minimize the effects of the inhibitors. On the other hand, the incorporation of by-products from the sugar and alcohol industry, such as molasses, in the composition of the medium for the production of 2G ethanol favors the flexibility and economic viability of the process. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate strategies to establish a robust and scalable process for obtaining 2G ethanol under industrial fermentation conditions and to promote the integration of 1G and 2G ethanol production. The performance of three latest generation recombinant yeasts (S. cerevisiae GSE16-T18, GSE16-T18 HAA1 and MDS 130), immobilized on calcium alginate gel, was evaluated in in natura sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate, obtained from acid pre-treatment (not concentrated), supplemented or not with molasses. Synthetic media were also evaluated as a control. The experiments were carried out in repeated batches in minireactors and in a fixed bed reactor and fermentations were accompanied by carbon dioxide production and by analysis of reducing sugar concentration, respectively. The concentration of sugars and metabolites in the supernatant was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the viability of the cells by the methylene blue technique. It was found that, unlike concentrated hemicellulose hydrolysates, the concentration of inhibitors present in in natura hemicellulose hydrolysate does not severely impact the fermentation performance. The supplementation with molasses proved to be an efficient strategy to achieve high fermentable sugar concentration, allowing to obtain productivities of up to 23 g/L/h and prolonged operation in repeated batches, compatible with the industrial operation. The toxic effect of high ethanol concentrations (above 80 g/L) on cell viability was observed for all strains and limited cell recycling to a maximum of five repeated batches. The performance of the strains in terms of conversion of fermentable sugars and productivity and yield in ethanol was similar, with the exception of MDS 130, which was unable to efficiently assimilate xylose in the presence of high hexose (glucose and/or fructose) concentration.
Método para avaliação das condições ergonômicas em serviços da construção civil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-27) Martins, Andreia Sofia Moreira; Paliari, José Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9387796929252598; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546071107654200
The labor activity in the civil construction sector is among the most harmful for workers and the activities produced require a high repetitiveness of movements and handling of heavy materials and components, which make it difficult to use correct standards of posture and contribute to the high rate of musculoskeletal injuries. This study aimed to present a method to assess working conditions and improve the analysis of the risks that the worker is exposed to from the ergonomics point of view. The method was developed through the articulation of different tools, such as the Ergonomic Work Analysis (AET) methodology and the application of other ergonomic risk assessment tools, such as the Ergonomic Workplace Analysis (EWA), Ovako Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Metabolic Equivalent (MET). The research was divided into three phases. In the first phase, a bibliographic review was carried out on ergonomics in civil construction and two exploratory Case Studies were carried out in the execution of the masonry service, one for sealing and the other structural, which included: visits to construction sites; interviews with those responsible and the masonry workers; photographs and footage of the execution of the works; and the application of AET and the EWA tool. For the second phase, six Case Studies were carried out and the application of the AET and the EWA, OWAS, REBA and MET tools were carried out. The third phase presents the conception and validation of the method, developed through the diagnosis generated by the application of ergonomic risk assessment tools in the Case Studies. The diagnosis made it possible to identify the most harmful situations practiced during masonry activities and made it possible to present recommendations for the mitigation of risks in sealing and structural masonry services. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the articulation of different methods and tools improves the development of ergonomic analysis, in particular, the integrated identification of risk factors and risk assessment through the use of specific tools, essential for a diagnosis in situations in the construction industry.
A importância da análise ergonômica do trabalho na contestação da doença ocupacional - estudo de case em um indústria de panificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-27) Caldeira, Jaqueline de Queiroz; Rodrigues, Danielle Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9090503218956634; Gazzola, Jonathan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0159433721761670; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0682006206944528
Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) has been a great ally for understanding the work environment, making it possible to assess the factors that influence the performance and health of employees. In this analysis, several factors, stages and tasks developed by employees are evaluated, so that it is possible to determine which areas need improvements and require action to be taken to achieve the ergonomic requirements of workers, respecting their limits and needs. One of the tools used in an EWA, is the Suzanne Rodgers method, which is the same used in the ergonomic report studied in this work. The ergonomic report, applied in a bakery, analyzed the frequent and sporadic tasks performed by a confectioner and confectionery assistant, where three criteria were evaluated: level of effort, time of effort and effort per minute in the six main muscle groups of the human body, thus making it possible to determine the risk of accidents at work and occupational diseases, to which such employees were exposed.
Frailty model for multiple repairable systems hierarchically represented in serial/parallel structures under assumption of ARAm imperfect repairs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-27) Gonzatto Junior, Oilson Alberto; Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000; Louzada Neto, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7365405141909374
The main objective of this thesis is to extend the methodology used to treat failure time data. In particular, we wish to propose an appropriate modeling to a context of hierarchically represented repairable systems, subject to competitive risks and unobserved heterogeneity. To do that, we took one of the necessary steps, we propose modeling for a single repairable system with a hierarchical structure under the assumption that the failures follow a non-homogeneous Poisson process with a power-law intensity function under the frequentist and bayesian framework. In this context we used a corrective approach to remove bias with order O(1/n), and the respective exact confidence intervals are proposed. We illustrate the use of both methods with an early-stage real project related to the traction system of an in-pipe robot. In the sequence, we introduced a framework to the reliability estimation in systems with serial structure and failure modes structured in a parallel way, we continued the studies of the robotic unit previously analyzed. Finally, we propose a statistical model to the reliability estimation of groups of repairable systems hierarchically represented, under a competing risks framework, with the consideration of the existence of unobserved heterogeneity that acts individually on the systems of each group, and also the possibility of imperfect repairs. To illustrate, we consider a database with the failures of agricultural machines categorized in different groups.
Mitigação dos inibidores gerados no pré-tratamento da biomassa vegetal: impacto técnico-econômico-ambiental de diferentes rotas de processo na biorrefinaria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-27) Pinto, Ariane Silveira Sbrice; Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6134437994430328
The presence of inhibitors is still an economic bottleneck that needs to be resolved in order to make 1G2G ethanol biorefineries feasible, requiring the development of technologies capable of improving their competitiveness in the biofuels marketplace. Soluble and insoluble lignin can impair the enzymatic hydrolysis process by inhibition, deactivation, and unproductive adsorption of enzymes. Washing the pretreated biomass or using lignin-blocking additives during saccharification could mitigate these negative effects in future biorefineries. Here, an investigation was performed of the combined mitigation processes, in terms of their technical and economic feasibility in a 1G2G sugarcane biorefinery. Evaluation was made of the impacts of biomass washing and soybean protein addition, separately or in combination, on glucose yields for hydrolysis in the presence of high (liquor) and low (buffer) concentrations of soluble inhibitors/deactivators. Combining washing and soybean protein addition provided the highest glucose yields, with an increase of up to 50%. The effect of the mitigation processes could be explained by a combination of catalytic mechanisms acting on both soluble and insoluble lignin. In an industrial context, biomass washing (90 ºC, 15% (w/w) solids, 3 steps) followed by soybean protein addition (12% (w/v) solids) provided a cost-competitive methodology for bioethanol production, with an estimated net present value of US$ 9.16x107, optimizing hydrolysis process in the 1G2G sugarcane biorefinery. Moreover, integrating both biomass washing and soybean protein addition units was a potential strategy for achieving a profitable and an eco-friendly biorefinery. The life cycle analysis of ethanol production showed that the categories of climate change and photochemical oxidation potentials were reduced if the washing process unit was considered in 1G2G biorefinery plant, with the most sustainable biorefinery achieved if only the soybean protein addition was included.
Papéis dos profissionais da rede de apoio à inclusão escolar na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-27) Costa, Juliane Dayrle Vasconcelos da; Vilaronga, Carla Ariela Rios; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6536774151778096; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1803843269613637
Beyond the entry, it is also necessary to ensure the permanence, participation, and learning of students from the Target Public of Special Education (TPSE) in all levels, steps, and modalities of teaching. For this, the research recommends the offer of various types of support services, according to the potentialities, needs, and specificities of each person. The provision of various types of services demands a range of professionals, forming support networks for school inclusion, that acting in partnerships, with defined and clear roles, should seek common objectives, to ensure the necessary services to the schooling of the TPSE. The present study had as main objective, to describe and characterize a support network for school inclusion in children‟s education. As specific objectives pretended to: a) describe which professionals formed the support network for school inclusion in early childhood education and b) analyze the roles assigned and executed by these professionals who worked in child education with students TPSE. The study with qualitative approach, of descriptive type, had case study delineation, of a municipal network of a medium-sized city in the state of Pará. Thirty-two professionals participated in the study, including: one special education coordinator; four special education advisors; three professionals from the multiprofessional team; seven responsible for the management team; four common room teachers; three special education teachers and ten support professionals for school inclusion, acting in the municipal education network, in early childhood education, with TPSE children. The data collection instruments were: a characterization questionnaire; four semi-structured scripts of individual interviews and four semi-structured scripts of interviews with focus groups. The research design had three steps: ethical and initial referrals; knowing the locus, the professionals and the roles attributed to the professionals in the support network for school inclusion and finally, identification of the roles performed. After collection, the data were transcribed and reviewed, and then analyzed qualitatively, through thematic axes, titled with the names of the categories of the participating professionals. As end results, it was possible to identify the presence of different categories of professionals working in the support to students TPSE of the early childhood education of this municipality. However, having a significant number of actors does not mean that there is orchestrated performance and collaborative partnerships. In general, it is concluded that a clear definition of the roles of the professionals studied is necessary, as a strategy to reduce work overloads and deviations of functions.
Efeito de um programa de reabilitação de baixo custo, baseado em teste funcional, com e sem supervisão do fisioterapeuta na DPOC: ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-27) Silva, Marcela Maria Carvalho da; Arcuri, Juliano Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6130168092528900; Di Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9071791546812165; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7456144301194366
Introduction: Patients with COPD present a decline in lung function, tolerance to physical exercise and quality of life, and the pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) is essential for the prevention and improvement of this clinical condition. However, access to PRP in patients with COPD is restricted, limiting it to 10% of this population, therefore, alternative models that expand accessibility need to be tested. The literature is still conflicting on the subject, leaving gaps on how to develop the individualized and progressive prescription from functional tests, considering the low cost, and also on what is the degree of supervision of the ideal physiotherapist to obtain positive results. From the gaps in the literature, this thesis was composed of two studies. Study 1- study STUDY I: Objective: To describe an accessible, low-cost and individualized pulmonary rehabilitation protocol based on functional clinical tests for individuals with symptomatic COPD. Methods: This is a descriptive study, referring to a low cost pulmonary rehabilitation protocol, according to different degrees of supervision by the physiotherapist, being registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBec) URL: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-533hht/ number UTN code U1111-1220-8245. Results: The protocol was designed according to the basic principles of PR prescription, lasting eight weeks, however, low cost tools were used for the prescription and progression of aerobic training intensity, based on the individual performance of the functional tests (six-minute step test (TD6), six-minute walk test (6MWT) and one-minute sit and stand test (TSL1) and upper limb strength training (test of ten maximum repetitions with free weights). In addition, two levels of supervision by the physiotherapist were tested, as one group had face-to-face guidance from the physiotherapist weekly, during the eight weeks, and each week there was a weekly meeting at the specialized center and other days held at home, and another group received a single orientation in the first week of the PR (but also had an individualized prescription). Conclusion: An affordable and low-cost PRP was proposed based on individualized functional tests and it is expected that the PRP prescription proposed in this protocol will have positive effects on exercise tolerance and quality of life, promoting accessibility to treatment in patients with COPD.STUDY II: Objectives: to describe and verify the effect on exercise tolerance, dyspnea sensation and health-related quality of life of a low-cost PRP based on functional tests, performed at home, with or without supervision by the weekly physical therapist. Methods: This is a clinical trial, randomized and controlled, performed at the Laboratory of Respiratory Physiotherapy and Spirometry at the Federal University of São Carlos. According to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 272 volunteers were contacted, of whom 89 patients were evaluated, through anamnesis, laboratory blood tests, physical examination and spirometry. All patients were assessed by functional tests (6-minute walk test, 6-minute step test and 1-minute sit and stand test), dyspnea scale, exercise tolerance and pre-and post-intervention health-related quality of life. Of the total number of patients evaluated, 50 were included in the rehabilitation and, randomized into two groups, 25 patients in the orientation group (OG) who participated in a single meeting for orientation (educational) and 25 patients in the supervised exercise group (SG) with weekly meetings with the physiotherapist. Results: There was no difference between groups at baseline. Time influence (pre and post intervention) was found with a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) for functional tests, sensation of dyspnea and quality of life. Regarding the 6-minute step test, 6-minute walk test, mMRC and CAT, a significant difference was also observed between the groups, verified in the interaction (p<0.01) and confirmed by the syntax analysis (p<0.01) (CAT: SG= of 19, 5±6.8 to 13±7.8 points, OG= from 17±7.6 to 15±10 points), (mMRC: SG= from 2[2-3] to 1[1-2], OG= from 2[2-3] to 2[1-3] points) and (Distance walked 6-minute walk test: SG: from 367.7 ± 84m to 433.2±88.8m, OG= from 396.2 ± 97.2m to 418, 33±83.8m) and 6-step test (SG= from 67.1 ± 25.7 to 93.5 ± 37.2, OG= from 69.6 ± 19.5 to 82.3 ± 25.2 numbers of steps).). In conclusion, the results showed that the low-cost PRP had a positive effect on exercise tolerance, dyspnea and health-related quality of life, which was greater in the presence of face-to-face weekly supervision by the physical therapist, when compared to non-supervision.
Catalisadores de Cr/ZrO2 promovidos com metais alcalinos ou alcalinos terrosos para a desidrogenação oxidativa do propano com CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-27) Oliveira, João Pedro Bueno de; Ferreira Palhares, Adriana Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5736423072715628; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9424948456049602
Propene is used as a raw material for thermoplastic resins, adhesives and acrylic derivatives, being obtained mainly by steam cracking naphtha and natural gas. However, the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane reaction using carbon dioxide as a moderate oxidant (ODP-CO2), has been studied as an environmentally more interesting proposal. Chromium and zirconia-based catalysts are widely applied in ODP, however, they have major limitations due to the need for catalytic regeneration resulting from the formation of coke on the surface. The addition of alkali metals (AM) or alkaline earth metals (AEM) in chromium catalysts shows promise for ODP, increasing conversion, selectivity and stability, in addition to decreasing the amount of coke on the catalytic surface, due to changes in the acid/basic characteristics of the catalyst surfaces. In general, this paper seeks to evaluate the effect of the addition of AM or AEM on the catalytic properties of monoclinic Zr-supported Cr catalysts applied to ODP-CO2, advancing the understanding of the role of CO2 as a moderate oxidizing agent in the reaction. Thus, two monoclinic zirconia supports were synthesized using hydrothermal (ZrH) and precipitation (ZrP) methods, which have similar crystallinities and low specific areas, but with different pore structures. The addition of chromium to the supports did not change the crystalline phase, but reduced its specific area and pore volume; for ZrH there was the formation of Cr+6 oxides of easier reduction, while in ZrP, mainly Cr+6 and Cr+5 oxides of more difficult reduction were formed. The promotion of Cr/Zr catalysts with AM or AEM did not change their crystallinity and increased the amount of Cr+6 species, however reducible at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the Cr/Zr catalysts promoted by AM or AEM have different populations of basic sites according to the amount and type of metal added. The addition of AM to Cr/Zr catalysts was able to suppress the formation of by-products and coke, especially with the addition of sodium, providing reasonable stability to the catalysts promoted for 300 minutes. Although this effect was more evident on the catalyst supported on zirconia H (0.5% Na-Cr/H), the best catalytic performance was obtained for 0.5% Na-Cr/P compared to 10Cr/P, which also revealed outstanding CO2 conversion, indicating favoring of DOP-CO2 from 600°C to 700°C. However, the favoring of the DOP-CO2 route was more evident by the addition of AEM to Cr/Zr catalysts, mainly 0.5% Ca-Cr/P, although the same effect of suppression of the formation of by-products and of coke.