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Sistema Markoviano espacial autoalinhável para estimativa angular de atitude e articular entre dois segmentos consecutivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-12) Francelino, Edson Hernandes; Nogueira, Samuel Lourenço; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2287847504423307; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9127744575847330
The interest in gait analysis and daily activities can find applications in several branches of human activity. With continuous research and development, motion capture devices are getting smaller and more affordable in terms of cost. This dissertation presents the development of a system for estimating the attitude (inclination and direction) and joint angles between two consecutive lower limb segments of the human body, using only accelerometers and gyroscopes. In order to improve the accuracy of the estimates and compensate for the numerical integration errors of the gyroscope, each sensor system, installed in its respective segment, performed data fusions through a Kalman Markovian filter, operating in a collaborative way between the systems of sensors at times when the accelerometer measurements registered values below a determined threshold. The strategy of Markovian systems was used, whose jumps choose the type of observation performed on the system, which can be: (a) nominal, considering both segments, (b) local, choosing the segment with the lowest dynamic acceleration index. Unlike previous studies that use Markovian systems with inertial sensors and encoders for absolute angular estimation in lower limb exoskeletons, this study extends the use of this type of system in devices where the encoder is not present, or even in kinematic and dynamic studies of the human body.
Ecologia de Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota, Fungi) no Brasil: uma revisão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-12) Almeida, Ingrid Gabriela de; Baltazar, Juliano Marcon; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8657253415860174; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6486756585602167
Fungi have great importance within terrestrial ecosystems, mainly because of their decomposing role. They are one of the most important actors of nutrient cycling, thus acting at the base of food chains. Brazil is a neglected country about studies with fungi. Despite the studies about inventories, taxonomy and phylogeny have increased in the last two decades, there are few studies focusing on fungal ecology. The present work aims to gather information from studies carried out in Brazil on the ecology of Agaricomycetes fungi. A total of 58 papers were found and analyzed from the bibliographic research on the ecology of fungi in the Brazilian territory. Among them, only 29 papers were selected for analysis, based on fungi ecology with statistics methodologies. This revision allows us to conclude that there is a great knowledge gap on the subject. Only one study was carried out in Southeastern Brazil, while there is no study carried out in Midwestern Brazil. There were few studies carried out in the Southern region, and most studies were carried out in the Northern and Northeastern regions. All regions and themes could be better explored, and the analysis of fungi substrate preferences and their ecological interactions with their hosts are themes with a lot of potential and little prominence.
Análise histórica da poluição ambiental no Estuário de Santos: estudo histológico das brânquias do molusco Mytella falcata (Orbigny, 1846) como bioindicador.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-12) Cassita, Maristela Lino Candido; David, José Augusto de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1395716206085674; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8142074789219664
It’s well known that estuarine ecosystem is true nursery of biodiversity. Although, the estuary of Santos stands out for being an extreme sensitive region. Which shelter the biggest port of Latin America, the Port of Santos, and the biggest industrial pole of Brazil, the Cubatão Industrial Pole. This ecosystem suffers with anthropic pressure and industrial pollution. In order that, emerge the need to monitor the region, with ecotoxicology and M. falcata molluscs being tools to indicate the quality of the environment. The present study intent to make an analysis of the situation of pollution in the estuary of Santos, ten years after the last study of ecotoxicology in the region. For that, sample collection of bivalves were realizes in three different points, wich expressed difference in anthropic impact. The point A was located in Rio Branco, where was no influence of industries. The B point was located in Ilha Barnabé, left side of Port of Santos, and it was in constant influence of industries and ships traffic. The point C, was located next to Companhia Siderúrgica Paulista (COSIPA), and was in constant contact with industrial pollution. The animals had their gill dissected and processed by histological routine, for final inclusion in paraffin. The gill sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for forward identification of any disturb. The slides were analyzed according a system of disturb classification, and attribution of frequency index, for final quantification of the observed alterations. For statistic background was realized normality test and difference significance test. The results indicated severe disturbs in Point B, such as tumors and necroses; in Point C were indentified from severe to mild disorders, such as tumors and infiltration. The A Point showed a lack of sever disorders, however it presented some of mild disturbs. These alterations are related to heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons presence in high concentration. Through analysis of results and comparation with environmental reports, is possible to claim that ten years after the last study with bivalve ecotoxicology in the region, the estuary of Santos remain negatively impacted with the pollution. The presence of high levels of contaminants harm the health of estuary and their organisms.