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O herbicida glifosato pode causar alterações em invertebrados polinizadores? Um estudo comportamental com abelhas operárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-14) Antunes, Bianca Caroline; Lhano, Marcos Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8089627474241345; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2666320351763251
The exposure of bees to agricultural fields with use of pesticides has alarmed society because of the possible consequences of this contact. The aim of this study was to observe possible behavioral changes in Africanized bees (Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier 1836), after exposure to the herbicide glyphosate. Two methods of exposure (ingestion and spraying) and two concentrations (1 mL.-1 and 0.01 mL.L-1) were used, in a period of 24 hours. It was expected that the higher concentration of the herbicide would result in behavioral changes in individuals. Contact behavior (communication between two individuals), mobility (ability to take flight), tremors and grouping (communication between three or more individuals) were analyzed. Individuals’ mortality was counted. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Sisvar® software, with inicial test of normality data (Shapiro-Wilk) followed by variance (Tukey). In the ingestion method, it was observed that, in the higher concentration (1 mL.-1), there was a decrease in contact between bees (Pr> Fc 0.0129), decreased mobility (Pr> Fc 0.0007), tremors (Pr> Fc 0.0000) and significant mortality (Pr> Fc 0.0027). With spraying method, at the highest concentration the grouping of bees decreased (Pr> Fc 0.0179), mobility increased (Pr> Fc 0.0412) and significant mortality (Pr> Fc 0.0022). It was noticed that higher concentrations of the herbicide can affect the behavior of bees; also, the spray method resulted in a higher mortality. We conclude that glyphosate can be harmful and influence the behavioral patterns of A. mellifera scutellata, and may be related to their mortality.
Distribuição espacial, composição taxonômica e diversidade funcional de copepoda em águas doces do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-14) Duarte, Matheus Almeida; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8272378304216399
Copepods are important components of freshwater zooplankton, acting as a connection between communities, feeding on small microorganisms, algae and other invertebrates and themselves serving as food for similar invertebrates, aquatic insects, and especially fish in the upper trophic levels. They are vulnerable to anthropic actions, particularly to eutrophication, which causes a decrease in species richness, derregulation and interruption of reproductive cycles, besides potential species extinction. This group was selected for the present study as an indicator group of the effects of this process on the freshwater biota from São Paulo State. During the period from 2011 to 2015, 300 water bodies were sampled in the 22 Water Resources Management Units in the state. A semi-quantitative sampling was carried out, with 5 horizontal trawls of the plankton net in the shallow systems and combined horizontal and vertical in the deep ones. Copepods occurred in 280 bodies of water in 22 UGHRIs. A total of 36 species were recorded, 10 species of Calanoida, 26 of Cyclopoida and juveniles of Harpacticoida. The most representative genera in number of species were Notodiaptomus (Calanoida) and Mesocyclops (Cyclopoida). The most widely distributed species were Thermocyclops decipiens, Tropocyclops prasinus and Notodiaptomus deitersi. The highest population densities were found for Thermocyclops decipiens, Thermocyclops minutus and Notodiaptomus iheringi. Analysis of the relationship between species richness, uniformity, taxonomic and functional diversity and the trophic status of water bodies revealed that Copepoda have greatest species diversity in oligotrophic systems. As eutrophication progresses, all these variables decrease. The data obtained by the indicator species index points to a set of indicator species that can be selected and used in future studies to monitor changes in the distribution of these species in São Paulo State or in other regions of the country. Analysis of eutrophication effects on taxonomic and functional diversity of Copepoda, that is, on the variety of “ecological roles” of species, revealed that for both components evaluated, functional equitability and functional diversity, there were negatively correlations with the degree of eutrophication of the water bodies. Thus, it was concluded that taxonomic and functional diversity decrease as freshwaters become increasingly eutrophicated and, therefore, the conservation of aquatic biodiversity will depend on control or the revertion of this process.
Gestão por competência: análise de modelos e aplicações em bibliotecas universitárias federais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-14) Flores, Michelle; Hoffmann, Wanda Aparecida Machado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609135667093837; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9116587665515030
The present research proposal analyzed the management models applied in Federal University Libraries comparing them with the Competency Management model, highlighting the pros and cons after their implementation by the managers. The objective was also to propose suggestions for a possible Competency Management model to be implemented in Federal University Libraries. The research is qualitative, quantitative, descriptive and exploratory. A structured questionnaire was applied to managers and administrative documents from the Federal University Libraries surveyed were also analyzed. 34 of the 65 questionnaires sent were answered, corresponding to 52.30%, and the documents of these libraries were analyzed. The analysis of qualitative data was performed according to Bardin's Content Analysis (1977) and for closed questions, the analysis of quantitative data was used. The analysis of administrative documents verified the indicators of organizational and individual competencies present in the documents and in the practice of library management. The Organizational Indicators: Strategic Planning, Mission, Vision and Values, Mapping Competencies and People Management. Individual Indicators: Training and Development Program, Career Plan and Performance Evaluation. With the analysis it was realized that Management by Competence is a subject of knowledge and interest of managers, and that 100% of libraries have part or total of the Management by Competence model applied, thus evidencing the importance of the model for the University Libraries. The importance of drafting administrative documents was also noted in the research, with Strategic Planning and the definition of Mission, Vision and Values being observed in 20 and 24 libraries, respectively, of the 34 surveyed, as well as the Competency Mapping, a fundamental process in KM is not a practice in management, only 9 libraries do this mapping. The indicators, Performance Evaluation and Career Plan were observed in all libraries, as they are federal institutions, and have the TAEs Career Plan, in accordance with Law 11.091, of 12/01/2005. The negative points pointed out were, difficulties in the implementation of the Competency Management model, in the participation of civil servants, in the relocation, and in the implementation of the model in public agencies and civil servants without training. The positive points were, identification of individual skills, job satisfaction, collaborative environment. The analysis of the products and services offered showed that there is a standardization of these, but some differentiated products and services were identified, such as: services and products for people with disabilities, film exhibition and exhibition of arts and culture, tutorials, ISBN request, ISSN and DOI, copyright request. Faced with the reality found in Federal University Libraries and the interest of some managers in getting to know the subject better and even implementing the Competency Management model in their library, suggestions were made for the implementation of a possible Competency Management Model in Libraries Federal University Universities, which includes 3 stages: I. Presentation, II. Competency Mapping and III. Evaluation and Evolution, detailing the procedures foreseen in the implantation.
Insumos tecnológicos em sementes florestais para uso em restauração via semeadura direta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-14) Almeida, Lausanne Soraya de; Piña-Rodrigues, Fatima Conceição Márquez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6324511279955544
Direct seeding is a technique that involves the use of seeds instead of seedlings, considered as a potential alternative for forest restoration. However, its efficiency is linked to species selection, seed quality and establishment. To contribute to the practice, were carried out in field and laboratory experiments with the following objectives: a) to test if germination in the laboratory can predict germinability and emergence (seedling density) in the field; b) evaluate the efficiency of a growth regulator in removing dormancy in seeds; c) assess whether the use of growth regulators and osmoconditioning enhance the results in the field; d) select species with better field behavior to be indicated in direct seeding. The seeds were prepared in the laboratory by carrying out germination tests, then, in the field, five randomized blocks were installed and monitored up to 720 days with the following treatments:T1 - use of growth regulator; T2 - osmoconditioning (in five species); T3 - control (with removal of dormancy in all dormant species) and T4 - use of growth regulator + osmoconditioning (polyethylene glycol -0.5Mpa) and in the case of dormant seeds, no dormancy removal was performed. Of the 38 species sown in the field, 23 emerged, corresponding to 60.5%. These were represented by 10 families, 52.2% from Fabaceae (n = 12). For dormant seeds, the use of growth regulator associated with dormancy removal was equivalent to the control, while the product applied to seeds without dormancy removal had a greater number of emerging plants. For non-dormant seeds (do not need dormancy removal) the use of the growth regulator delayed and reduced the number of emerging seeds up to 720 days after sowing, in comparison with the control. Germination showed low correlation with germinability (% emergence in relation to the number of sown seeds) and emergence (maximum number of emerging plants) in the field, in all treatments used, except for the species Handroanthus heptaphyllus, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Poecilanthe parviflora, Pterocarpus violaceus, Platypodium elegans and Hymenaea courbaril, all with medium and large size seeds. This shows how efficient these species are in direct seeding and therefore are recommended for restoration using this technique. The osmoconditioning was not efficient in any of the species analyzed in the evaluated water potential. The growth regulator can be used to remove dormancy in field conditions.
Pensar o corpo outramente: corpo e linguagem no itinerário de Emmanuel Levinas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-14) Gonçalves, Hegildo Holanda; Ribeiro Júnior, Nilo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8047378549590212; Moutinho, Luiz Damon Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9475267722538751; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6237641472129079
This work investigates the problem of body and language in Emmanuel Levina’s philosophy. Therefore, we sought to reconstruct the Levinasian thought about the body, which goes from existence to essence and from essence to existence. In this context, the body is thought outside knowledge totality. As a result, we evidenced that the author's thought is accomplished as an abandonment of the first Husserl’s intentional phenomenology and the Dasein existential analytics of Heidegger’s Ontology. This, however, does not mean that Levinas has denied the role of Phenomenology masters in the reinsertion of the body issue in the contemporary Philosophy context. Three axes support the framework in which the problem of this research is placed: i) the existence as a locus from which the issue of essence is stated, brought to Philosophy scene by the ontophenomenological turning point; ii) the body, in Levinas work, in the context of this philosophical turning point, conjugated to the Jewish tradition of otherness; and iii) the language anchored in the problem of face-to-face and melee relationship with the Other. We hypothesize that the problem of the body in Levina’s work can not be thought outside the relationship with the Other, who is flesh/body. This relationship is eminently ethical language. Hence, the body is an assumption for language, which is used by the author to approach the ethical corporeality issue. Therefore, considering that language in Levinas work, mainly after Totalité et Infini, is characterized beyond the essence, this research aims to formulate the thesis of a semioethics in the author’s writings, understood as a theory of signs that comes as ethics due to language as the responsiveness of the me-sign in-accusative towards the Other. This presupposes the resumption of language metaphorical character, as Levinas thinks, to show that metaphor refers to the body itself, as a sign for the Other. This is certainly what allows the philosopher to escape possible pitfalls of logic and language of being and to point to the otherwise than being and his eminently ethical language. We emphasize, however, that postulating a semioethics in Levinas works only makes sense if it is thought in an ethical language of the body said otherwise.
Influência das safras de cana de açúcar na configuração das ilhas de calor urbano em áreas periurbanas em Piracicaba, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-14) Coury, Bruno Sigolo; Masiero, Érico; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8163078474963927
This work comes from the premise that periurban spaces, in general neglected by the traditional climatological urban studies, also possesses altered environments, with observable negative consequences to their microclimates, like the formation of the Urban Heat Islands (UHIs), since they also present anthropic factors which contribute to this scenario. Besides, it is notable the influence that the surrounding rural environment possesses to these areas, complying to observe in which manner the agricultural activities nearby will influence the climate regions. Being so, this research proposes a visualization of the influence that the spatial variations have to periurban neighborhoods of the municipality of Piracicaba/SP, an interior medium size city, situation that doesn’t make the traditional center of the climatological research, but has presented an accelerated urbanization process, typical of the Brazilian scenario. To this, two periods of obtaining climatological data were defined: before and after the sugarcane harvest, moments in which the rural soil presents bigger territorial differentiation. In the period after the harvest, it was installed measurement sensors in a sugarcane field and in two borderline periurban neighborhoods, which owns different territorial configurations, besides another sensor in a centralized neighborhood, with bigger urbanization, as a reference. So, it was pretended to observe not only the influence of the rural environment to the periurban spaces, but also how the spatial variations inside a same urban space can contribute to different microclimates, as proposes the Local Climate Zones (LCZs) methodology by Stewart & Oke (2012). As an additional practice, mobile transects were simultaneously realized in the rural area an in one of the periurban neighborhoods, allowing bigger comparation between these. The results obtained with the first stage of the collect made possible to visualize a significant bigger difference, between the temperatures of the central neighborhood and the rural area, especially in the final of the dawn, process which is reversed in the beginning of the morning, due to the warmth of the exposed rural soil. The periurban neighborhoods presented in general bigger temperatures than the rural area, although smaller than the central neighborhood, corroborating the contribution that the urban density possesses to the surrounding temperatures. However, the thermal configuration of them varied according to their own spatial arrangement, demonstrating that not only the agricultural environment is relevant, but also the configuration of each periurban area to their respective microclimate.