Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2021-05-25"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 7 de 7

Contribuição ao conhecimento dos Agathidinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) da fauna brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25) Campos, Giulia Yurie Iza de; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1063811977704671
The order Hymenoptera is one of the most numerous and diverse among the insects’ group and is represented by ants, wasps, and bees. The parasitoid wasps present ecological importance for being top predators, biological control agents and bioindicators of preserved areas as well as economic importance for attack Lepidoptera larvae, many of which, with agricultural relevance. The subfamily Agathidinae is a moderately large group of the family Braconidae, presenting 26 New World genera. In order to analyze diversity of these wasps in the Coleção Taxonômica do Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva da UFSCar (DCBU), it was conducted a study that identified 1033 Agathidines from 13 genera: Aerophilus Szépligetti, Agathis Latreille (first record for Brazil); Alabagrus Enderlein, Amputoearinus Sharkey, Cremnops Förster, Earinus Wesmael, Hemichoma Enderlein (first record for Brazil), Lytopylus Förster, Sesioctonus Viereck (first record for Brazil), Therophilus Wesmael, Trachagathis Viereck, Zamicrodus Viereck, and Zelomorpha Ashmead. Through the results it was possible to elaborate location maps for each genera and charts relating the percentage of individuals with the seasons and biomes in which they were collected. The study allowed to: (1) contribute to the knowledge of Brazilian Braconidae; (2) register three unprecedent Agathidinae genera in the country; (3) identify new species and (4) register the collection methods, seasons, and collection sites of the material studied.
Tecnologia espacial, risco e política: o caso INPE
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25) Gonçalves, Murilo Aparecido; Marzochi, Samira Feldman; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6466778428443375; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2027810048936374
This work produces a sociological investigation about the political disputes involving INPE (National Institute for Space Research) and President Jair Messias Bolsonaro. Applying concepts of “risk” and “risk society” by Ulrich Beck, the study established a relationship from a sociological perspective with a focus on the environmental issue, as well as on the potential of new resources linked to space and computer sciences, especially satellites and databases. With these technological resources, a complex data mining system is articulated, where data is collected and converted into valuable information. Thus, having these systems means keeping under control, for example, images of the Earth's surface of various technological qualities and forms of use. It is institutes linked to States or even private companies that most have them; it is worth emphasizing, therefore, that there is a certain exclusivity of access. In the Brazilian case, INPE is the one who concentrates all the elements presented, whether its technical dimension or its political dimension. The path of institutionalization of Space Sciences in Brazil, especially linked to INPE, represents paradigmatic technological advances in this sector. However, the tradition of publishing its databases openly on its website generated, in the current government, a strong reaction, for highlighting the environmental crisis caused by deforestation. In view of the institute's experience consolidating itself in the midst of the military dictatorship, recent events raise the alert of a past that has come back to haunt. Therefore, the theme of risk refers to ongoing processes involving the suffocation of scientific horizons when pushed to this imposing political arena, putting the autonomy of research institutes in check, as well as the interests of civil society. This allows us to see the political dimension of these technical artifacts, especially when specific interests seek to incorporate these databases into power projects. In view of a sociologically produced field, the aim is to contribute to an interdisciplinary debate that demonstrates the political dimension, in addition to the environmental dimension, of Ulrich Beck's notion of risk.
Circuitos curtos de comercialização por meio de cestas agroecológicas: sustentabilidade socioeconômica na agricultura familiar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25) Contrigiani, Ariele Carolina; Montebello, Adriana Estela Sanjuan; Sautier, Denis; Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1980176420881230
In recent years, it has been a growing weakening of public policies for the disposal of products and investment in family farming. This fact hindered and directly affected the production process and, for many families of family farmers, the only marketing channel they accessed. Today, experiences of groups of farmers and cooperatives continue to be created and they propose and use short circuits as a form of marketing, recognizing the role of the family farmer in the development of more sustainable food systems. This research aims to investigate the changes that commercialization, via short circuits through agro ecological baskets, reflected in the lives of farmers belonging to the Cooperflora Cooperative linked to the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) and established in the Sustainable Development Project (PDS) of the Milton Santos settlement. For this, the case study was chosen as methodological support, being a research of a descriptive and exploratory character with quantitative and qualitative data. For the collection of primary data, semi-structured forms will be applied with Cooperflora farmers who sell agro-ecological baskets, interviews with leaders from the MST's Production, Commercialization and Environment Sector (SPCMA) and observation at meetings, assemblies, spaces to think about the composition and marketing of baskets. The dissertation is organized in the form of articles, thus constituted in general introduction, four chapters / articles and general considerations. From the analysis of the results of the set of the four articles, it is concluded that the commercialization of Agro ecological Baskets for consumption groups has the potential to re-signify the relations between farmers and consumers, making them both feel that they are members of the agro food chain, generating positive points for both sides
Estudo de genótipos para características de milho verde sob diferentes níveis de nitrogênio, em Buri - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25) Ferreira, Maria Eduarda de Oliveira; Afférri, Flávio Sérgio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4868650342029685
The objective of this study was to study genotypes from open populations and non-transgenic commercial corn genotypes (Zea mays L.), in the search to know the most efficient populations for nitrogen use under conditions of low and high N supply in cover (30 and 160 kg ha1 of N) in the production of green corn, at experimental area of the Federal University of São Carlos - Lagoa do Sino Campus, located at municipality of Buri- SP, in the 2019 crop. The experimental design used was randomized block design, with three repetitions and two doses. Variables of agronomic and commercial interest for green corn production were evaluated: plant height, first ear insertion height, length and diameter of ear without straw, and green mass of ear without straw. Analyses of variance and Scott-Knott test were performed for all characteristics. There was no statistically significant difference for any characteristic in relation to nitrogen doses. All variables showed significant differences in relation to the genotype, showing its importance for this study, being possible to notice that in the F3 generation (open population genotypes) showed good performance for green corn, when compared to commercial genotypes
Efeitos da exposição a estímulos aversivos imediatos sobre a catalepsia induzida por haloperidol: possível modelo animal para cinesia paradóxica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25) Waku, Isabelle; Oliveira, Amanda Ribeiro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4993675879410961; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0851895403197213
Haloperidol – a dopaminergic D2 antagonist – acts on the nigrostriatal pathway inducing catalepsy, a state of immobility similar to the bradykinesia of Parkinsons disease (PD). Therefore, haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rodents is used as a model for the study of PD motor impairments. The bradykinesia in PD appears to be related to the patients emotional state, for example, immobile patients capable of performing sudden movements when exposed to aversive stimuli, a phenomenon known as paradoxical kinesia. Thus, it is of great interest to study the relationship between catalepsy and emotional states in rats. In this sense, in a previous study, we started to assess the effects of the presentation of aversive stimuli at the exact moment of exposure of rats to the catalepsy test, with results pointing to a possible attenuation of the cataleptic state. The present study continued this evaluation. In the first stage, we conducted a study of systematic literature review in order to identify publications that report the use of haloperidol-induced catalepsy as an animal model for parkinsonism, and to explore the methodological characteristics and the main issues addressed in these studies. In the second stage, in an experimental study, we investigated the effects of unconditioned and conditioned aversive stimuli on haloperidol-induced catalepsy. For this, 162 male Wistar rats received intraperitoneal administration of saline or haloperidol (1 or 2 mg/kg) and were evaluated in the catalepsy test. Three experiments were carried out in order to: I. Assess the intensity of the cataleptic state induced by the different doses of haloperidol over time; II.Evaluate the effects of three types of unconditioned aversive stimuli - 75 dB noise (1 and 20 s of duration), 100 lux light (1 and 20 s), or 0.6 mA footshocks (1 s) - on the catalepsy; III. Evaluate the effects of light and sound conditioned aversive stimuli (previously paired with shocks) on catalepsy. Catalepsy was the main effect produced by haloperidol and observed in the two doses used. Exposure to unconditioned sound or light stimuli did not cause significant effects on catalepsy compared to the group itself before receiving the stimulus (baseline) or compared to the non-stimulated group. On the other hand, exposure to shock caused a significant reduction in the latency to remove the paws during the catalepsy test compared to the group itself before receiving the stimulus. Exposure to fear conditioned using sound did not alter catalepsy. Exposure to fear conditioned using light significantly reduced catalepsy, both for the group that received light and shocks in a paired and non-paired manner during training. The results suggest that the effect on haloperidol-induced catalepsy is dependent on the modality/intensity of the aversive stimuli used. Exposure, during the catalepsy test, to shocks or lights previously associated with shocks is capable of disrupting the cataleptic state, pointing to a model with face validity for the study of paradoxical kinesia.
Curriculum learning applied to the combined algorithm selection and hyperparameter optimization problem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25) Silva, Lucas Nildaimon dos Santos; Silva, Diego Furtado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7662777934692986; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8184553373198951
AutoML has the goal to find the best Machine Learning (ML) pipeline in a complex and high dimensional search space by evaluating multiple algorithm configurations. Training multiple ML algorithms is time costly, and as AutoML tools usually obey a time constraint, the exploration of the search space may find sub-optimal results. In this work, we explore the application of curriculum learning techniques to overcome this limitation. Curriculum learning and anti-curriculum learning are strategies for ordering examples during model training based on their difficulty. These have shown to improve model performance and accelerate the training process on previous empirical investigations using optimization-based models. We apply and compare curriculum strategies on two optimizers of an AutoML system to accelerate the search space exploration and find good performing machine learning pipelines with efficiency. The results indicate that AutoML can benefit from a curriculum strategy. In most of the evaluated scenarios, the curriculum strategies led the AutoML algorithm to better classification results.
(In)Segurança alimentar entre agricultores familiares orgânicos da zona da mata setentrional pernambucana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25) Freitas, Rubenice Maria de; Montebello, Adriana Estela Sanjuan; Figueiredo, Marcos Antonio Bezerra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326971138357942; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4886000173439874; Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4885593571195363
This research was developed in the state of Pernambuco, precisely in the zone of the northern forest, in the municipality of Lagoa de Itenga, where the association of agroecological producers and residents of the communities of Imbé, Marreco and neighboring sites (so) is located. This association is the only one in the current delimitation of the Northern Forest Zone, which includes the registration of linked organic producers and registered the organization of social control (OCS). Considering the importance of organic agriculture for this public and the expansion of it in Brazil, many questions have been raised, among them the production of food and quality food, the emergence of market demand and the accessibility of food by the population according to The price, and these issues are related to the problem of food security (IN). In view of the foregoing, this research aims to analyze the level of (in) food and nutritional security of organic family farmers located in the Marrecos community, municipality of Lagoa de Itaenga, Zona da Mata Northern Pernambuco. The research is of qualitative nature, in which he made use of the Brazilian food insecurity (EBIA), and semi-structured questionnaire, which allowed to analyze the specified information of the sampled population. The survey included 8 family groups of the total of 10 which have the Declaration of OCS linked the association so, in which 45 individuals are associated and 13 families participating in organic fairs. From the field and documentary collection (secondary data), some results can be highlighted as: a) the variable schooling: the majority with 55% representation has / is in elementary school, 6% has technical education completed, 6% Superior completed; (b) in relation to gender was identified that most of the public reached by the research is directly or indirectly correspond to the highest percentage for the male representation with a total of 53%; (c) in relation to income, 38% receive up to 2 minimum wages, 25% receive between two to five wages and 25% only a minimum wage, of those receiving social benefit from 38% with a family bag and 25% retirement; (d) participation in the association contributed to the income of families and promoting food security by strengthening families in marketing spaces and through positive change in eating habits; e) While public policies farmers have access to the food acquisition program and national school feeding program as suppliers; f) Family agriculture in Brazil contributes to the supply of internal food, being responsible for the occupation of most labor; g) All those involved in the survey are organic fair and have had their lace altered from involvement with organic agriculture; h) The association contributes with process and strengthening organic agriculture in the Community and the search for marketing spaces; (i) 87% of the groups of farmers interviewed are in a sense of food security according to the second interview; J) The presence of families in a light and moderate food insecurity were identified. From the results obtained in the research it is concluded that the group of organic family farmers located in the Marrecos community, is an atypical example in front of the results published by the FAO that show the hunger index that the population has been meeting, and that this reality has If aggravated with the pandemic, while these family groups of the research were lower impact and remained, they even improved the evaluation indices according to the application of the second stage of EBIA. In this sense, it is concluded that organic agriculture and the associativism system have contributed to the improvement of farmers' lives, and the association is the most viable environment for farmers to organize socially and fight for their rights and access the external opportunities They are emerging, and organic agriculture being the main activity of families in the food and financial matter.