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Contribuição ao conhecimento dos Agathidinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) da fauna brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25)
Campos, Giulia Yurie Iza de
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Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1063811977704671
The order Hymenoptera is one of the most numerous and diverse among the insects’ group and is represented by ants, wasps, and bees. The parasitoid wasps present ecological importance for being top predators, biological control agents and bioindicators of preserved areas as well as economic importance for attack Lepidoptera larvae, many of which, with agricultural relevance. The subfamily Agathidinae is a moderately large group of the family Braconidae, presenting 26 New World genera. In order to analyze diversity of these wasps in the Coleção Taxonômica do Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva da UFSCar (DCBU), it was conducted a study that identified 1033 Agathidines from 13 genera: Aerophilus Szépligetti, Agathis Latreille (first record for Brazil); Alabagrus Enderlein, Amputoearinus Sharkey, Cremnops Förster, Earinus Wesmael, Hemichoma Enderlein (first record for Brazil), Lytopylus Förster, Sesioctonus Viereck (first record for Brazil), Therophilus Wesmael, Trachagathis Viereck, Zamicrodus Viereck, and Zelomorpha Ashmead. Through the results it was possible to elaborate location maps for each genera and charts relating the percentage of individuals with the seasons and biomes in which they were collected. The study allowed to: (1) contribute to the knowledge of Brazilian Braconidae; (2) register three unprecedent Agathidinae genera in the country; (3) identify new species and (4) register the collection methods, seasons, and collection sites of the material studied.
Estudo de genótipos para características de milho verde sob diferentes níveis de nitrogênio, em Buri - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25)
Ferreira, Maria Eduarda de Oliveira
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Afférri, Flávio Sérgio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4868650342029685
The objective of this study was to study genotypes from open populations and non-transgenic commercial corn genotypes (Zea mays L.), in the search to know the most efficient populations for nitrogen use under conditions of low and high N supply in cover (30 and 160 kg ha1 of N) in the production of green corn, at experimental area of the Federal University of São Carlos - Lagoa do Sino Campus, located at municipality of Buri- SP, in the 2019 crop. The experimental design used was randomized block design, with three repetitions and two doses. Variables of agronomic and commercial interest for green corn production were evaluated: plant height, first ear insertion height, length and diameter of ear without straw, and green mass of ear without straw. Analyses of variance and Scott-Knott test were performed for all characteristics. There was no statistically significant difference for any characteristic in relation to nitrogen doses. All variables showed significant differences in relation to the genotype, showing its importance for this study, being possible to notice that in the F3 generation (open population genotypes) showed good performance for green corn, when compared to commercial genotypes
Tecnologia espacial, risco e política: o caso INPE
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25)
Gonçalves, Murilo Aparecido
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Marzochi, Samira Feldman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6466778428443375
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2027810048936374
This work produces a sociological investigation about the political disputes involving INPE (National Institute for Space Research) and President Jair Messias Bolsonaro. Applying concepts of “risk” and “risk society” by Ulrich Beck, the study established a relationship from a sociological perspective with a focus on the environmental issue, as well as on the potential of new resources linked to space and computer sciences, especially satellites and databases. With these technological resources, a complex data mining system is articulated, where data is collected and converted into valuable information. Thus, having these systems means keeping under control, for example, images of the Earth's surface of various technological qualities and forms of use. It is institutes linked to States or even private companies that most have them; it is worth emphasizing, therefore, that there is a certain exclusivity of access. In the Brazilian case, INPE is the one who concentrates all the elements presented, whether its technical dimension or its political dimension. The path of institutionalization of Space Sciences in Brazil, especially linked to INPE, represents paradigmatic technological advances in this sector. However, the tradition of publishing its databases openly on its website generated, in the current government, a strong reaction, for highlighting the environmental crisis caused by deforestation. In view of the institute's experience consolidating itself in the midst of the military dictatorship, recent events raise the alert of a past that has come back to haunt. Therefore, the theme of risk refers to ongoing processes involving the suffocation of scientific horizons when pushed to this imposing political arena, putting the autonomy of research institutes in check, as well as the interests of civil society. This allows us to see the political dimension of these technical artifacts, especially when specific interests seek to incorporate these databases into power projects. In view of a sociologically produced field, the aim is to contribute to an interdisciplinary debate that demonstrates the political dimension, in addition to the environmental dimension, of Ulrich Beck's notion of risk.
Efeitos da exposição a estímulos aversivos imediatos sobre a catalepsia induzida por haloperidol: possível modelo animal para cinesia paradóxica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25)
Waku, Isabelle
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Oliveira, Amanda Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4993675879410961
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0851895403197213
Haloperidol – a dopaminergic D2 antagonist – acts on the nigrostriatal pathway inducing catalepsy, a state of immobility similar to the bradykinesia of Parkinsons disease (PD). Therefore, haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rodents is used as a model for the study of PD motor impairments. The bradykinesia in PD appears to be related to the patients emotional state, for example, immobile patients capable of performing sudden movements when exposed to aversive stimuli, a phenomenon known as paradoxical kinesia. Thus, it is of great interest to study the relationship between catalepsy and emotional states in rats. In this sense, in a previous study, we started to assess the effects of the presentation of aversive stimuli at the exact moment of exposure of rats to the catalepsy test, with results pointing to a possible attenuation of the cataleptic state. The present study continued this evaluation. In the first stage, we conducted a study of systematic literature review in order to identify publications that report the use of haloperidol-induced catalepsy as an animal model for parkinsonism, and to explore the methodological characteristics and the main issues addressed in these studies. In the second stage, in an experimental study, we investigated the effects of unconditioned and conditioned aversive stimuli on haloperidol-induced catalepsy. For this, 162 male Wistar rats received intraperitoneal administration of saline or haloperidol (1 or 2 mg/kg) and were evaluated in the catalepsy test. Three experiments were carried out in order to: I. Assess the intensity of the cataleptic state induced by the different doses of haloperidol over time; II.Evaluate the effects of three types of unconditioned aversive stimuli - 75 dB noise (1 and 20 s of duration), 100 lux light (1 and 20 s), or 0.6 mA footshocks (1 s) - on the catalepsy; III. Evaluate the effects of light and sound conditioned aversive stimuli (previously paired with shocks) on catalepsy. Catalepsy was the main effect produced by haloperidol and observed in the two doses used. Exposure to unconditioned sound or light stimuli did not cause significant effects on catalepsy compared to the group itself before receiving the stimulus (baseline) or compared to the non-stimulated group. On the other hand, exposure to shock caused a significant reduction in the latency to remove the paws during the catalepsy test compared to the group itself before receiving the stimulus. Exposure to fear conditioned using sound did not alter catalepsy. Exposure to fear conditioned using light significantly reduced catalepsy, both for the group that received light and shocks in a paired and non-paired manner during training. The results suggest that the effect on haloperidol-induced catalepsy is dependent on the modality/intensity of the aversive stimuli used. Exposure, during the catalepsy test, to shocks or lights previously associated with shocks is capable of disrupting the cataleptic state, pointing to a model with face validity for the study of paradoxical kinesia.
Curriculum learning applied to the combined algorithm selection and hyperparameter optimization problem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25)
Silva, Lucas Nildaimon dos Santos
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Silva, Diego Furtado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7662777934692986
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8184553373198951
AutoML has the goal to find the best Machine Learning (ML) pipeline in a complex and high dimensional search space by evaluating multiple algorithm configurations. Training multiple ML algorithms is time costly, and as AutoML tools usually obey a time constraint, the exploration of the search space may find sub-optimal results. In this work, we explore the application of curriculum learning techniques to overcome this limitation. Curriculum learning and anti-curriculum learning are strategies for ordering examples during model training based on their difficulty. These have shown to improve model performance and accelerate the training process on previous empirical investigations using optimization-based models. We apply and compare curriculum strategies on two optimizers of an AutoML system to accelerate the search space exploration and find good performing machine learning pipelines with efficiency. The results indicate that AutoML can benefit from a curriculum strategy. In most of the evaluated scenarios, the curriculum strategies led the AutoML algorithm to better classification results.
(In)Segurança alimentar entre agricultores familiares orgânicos da zona da mata setentrional pernambucana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25)
Freitas, Rubenice Maria de
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Montebello, Adriana Estela Sanjuan
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Figueiredo, Marcos Antonio Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326971138357942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4886000173439874
This research was developed in the state of Pernambuco, precisely in the zone of the northern forest, in the municipality of Lagoa de Itenga, where the association of agroecological producers and residents of the communities of Imbé, Marreco and neighboring sites (so) is located. This association is the only one in the current delimitation of the Northern Forest Zone, which includes the registration of linked organic producers and registered the organization of social control (OCS). Considering the importance of organic agriculture for this public and the expansion of it in Brazil, many questions have been raised, among them the production of food and quality food, the emergence of market demand and the accessibility of food by the population according to The price, and these issues are related to the problem of food security (IN). In view of the foregoing, this research aims to analyze the level of (in) food and nutritional security of organic family farmers located in the Marrecos community, municipality of Lagoa de Itaenga, Zona da Mata Northern Pernambuco. The research is of qualitative nature, in which he made use of the Brazilian food insecurity (EBIA), and semi-structured questionnaire, which allowed to analyze the specified information of the sampled population. The survey included 8 family groups of the total of 10 which have the Declaration of OCS linked the association so, in which 45 individuals are associated and 13 families participating in organic fairs. From the field and documentary collection (secondary data), some results can be highlighted as: a) the variable schooling: the majority with 55% representation has / is in elementary school, 6% has technical education completed, 6% Superior completed; (b) in relation to gender was identified that most of the public reached by the research is directly or indirectly correspond to the highest percentage for the male representation with a total of 53%; (c) in relation to income, 38% receive up to 2 minimum wages, 25% receive between two to five wages and 25% only a minimum wage, of those receiving social benefit from 38% with a family bag and 25% retirement; (d) participation in the association contributed to the income of families and promoting food security by strengthening families in marketing spaces and through positive change in eating habits; e) While public policies farmers have access to the food acquisition program and national school feeding program as suppliers; f) Family agriculture in Brazil contributes to the supply of internal food, being responsible for the occupation of most labor; g) All those involved in the survey are organic fair and have had their lace altered from involvement with organic agriculture; h) The association contributes with process and strengthening organic agriculture in the Community and the search for marketing spaces; (i) 87% of the groups of farmers interviewed are in a sense of food security according to the second interview; J) The presence of families in a light and moderate food insecurity were identified. From the results obtained in the research it is concluded that the group of organic family farmers located in the Marrecos community, is an atypical example in front of the results published by the FAO that show the hunger index that the population has been meeting, and that this reality has If aggravated with the pandemic, while these family groups of the research were lower impact and remained, they even improved the evaluation indices according to the application of the second stage of EBIA. In this sense, it is concluded that organic agriculture and the associativism system have contributed to the improvement of farmers' lives, and the association is the most viable environment for farmers to organize socially and fight for their rights and access the external opportunities They are emerging, and organic agriculture being the main activity of families in the food and financial matter.
Circuitos curtos de comercialização por meio de cestas agroecológicas: sustentabilidade socioeconômica na agricultura familiar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-25)
Contrigiani, Ariele Carolina
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Montebello, Adriana Estela Sanjuan
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Sautier, Denis
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Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095
In recent years, it has been a growing weakening of public policies for the disposal of products and investment in family farming. This fact hindered and directly affected the production process and, for many families of family farmers, the only marketing channel they accessed. Today, experiences of groups of farmers and cooperatives continue to be created and they propose and use short circuits as a form of marketing, recognizing the role of the family farmer in the development of more sustainable food systems. This research aims to investigate the changes that commercialization, via short circuits through agro ecological baskets, reflected in the lives of farmers belonging to the Cooperflora Cooperative linked to the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) and established in the Sustainable Development Project (PDS) of the Milton Santos settlement. For this, the case study was chosen as methodological support, being a research of a descriptive and exploratory character with quantitative and qualitative data. For the collection of primary data, semi-structured forms will be applied with Cooperflora farmers who sell agro-ecological baskets, interviews with leaders from the MST's Production, Commercialization and Environment Sector (SPCMA) and observation at meetings, assemblies, spaces to think about the composition and marketing of baskets. The dissertation is organized in the form of articles, thus constituted in general introduction, four chapters / articles and general considerations. From the analysis of the results of the set of the four articles, it is concluded that the commercialization of Agro ecological Baskets for consumption groups has the potential to re-signify the relations between farmers and consumers, making them both feel that they are members of the agro food chain, generating positive points for both sides
Estudo de MOFs zeolíticas de imidazolato com Zn(II) e Co(II) e emprego na condensação de Knoevenagel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26)
Franke, Karen Niége
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Cardoso, Dilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572389539600848
A new segment of porous materials has emerged last years: metal organic frameworks (MOFs). Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), a subclass of MOFs, are formed by metallic cations and imidazolates presenting similar topologies to zeolites. The imidazolate linker have pyridinic nitrogen in its structure, which is part responsible for the basic character of these materials. In the present work, Zn(II) and Co(II) ZIFs with ZIF-8, ZIF-67 and ZIF-L structures were applied in Knoevenagel condensation model reaction. The method of synthesis of these materials stands out, where water was used as a solvent and synthesis was facilitated by a deprotonating agent. X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, CHNS elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, N2, and CO2 physisorption and infrared spectroscopy with CDCl3 as probe molecule was performed. Zn-6TEA, with has ZIF-8 structure and was prepared with triethylamine as deprotonating agent, presented three bands in the region of weak basic sites from the infrared spectrogram with CDCl3. Co-6TEA, which has a ZIF-67 structure, showed bands at the same positions, demonstrating similar basic sites between these sodalite ZIFs. Zn-1FS, with a ZIF-8 structure, was synthesized using sodium formate, and due to the low basicity of this deprotonating agent, nucleation was slowed down, obtaining a high average particle size (~ 6 - 10 μm) when compared to the average particle size of Zn-6TEA (123 ± 25% nm). In Knoevenagel condensation, Zn 1FS showed 28% conversion with 30 min of reaction at 40 °C, while Zn-6TEA showed 64.6% under the same conditions. Thus, demonstrating that the synthesis method directly influences the properties and catalytic performance of ZIFs. It is suggested that, despite the flexibility of these structures, the reaction occurs on the surface and the smaller particle size and consequent larger external area favor the Knoevenagel reaction. The Zn-6TEA sample not only showed high conversion but was also stable in this reaction, maintaining 75% conversion after five reuses for 1 h at 40 °C.
Operadores de Calderón-Zygmund e o Teorema T(1)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26)
Silva, Pedro Henrique Takemura Feitosa da
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Hoepfner, Gustavo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7742503790793940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1736256298498950
The purpose of this work is to present, in a detailed way, one of the main topics of Harmonic Analysis: the singular integral operators or, in its general form, the Calderón-Zygmund operators. We did here, for the most part, a literature review of [GFK1] e [GFK2], aprocching necessary concepts to prove the so known T(1) Theorem, which was first proved by G. David and J-L. Journé in the article [D-J], which characterizes the L^2 boundedness of a certain class of operators. This text may be accessible for anyone who has basic notions in Measure Theory and Functional Analysis, for instance see [BSS], [FLD], [CNW] AND [BZS].
Avaliação da densidade populacional e seleção de microhabitats em passeriformes florestais na RPPN Mata do Cedro, Rio Largo, AL, Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26)
Prado, Luiza Carvalho
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Francisco, Mercival Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2633742174470376
The Pernambuco Endemism Center (PEC) is an area of Atlantic Forest with high biodiversity levels due to biogeographic and historical factors. Located in Northeastern Brazil, north of the São Francisco River, the PEC is considered one of the most threatened regions on earth, being the most fragmented and degraded Atlantic Forest area in the entire biome. The PEC houses a series of endemic and endangered species, some of which are still in the process of being described. The classification of the levels of threat of the animals from the PEC in red lists have been based solely on their geographic distribution and areas of occurrence, especially because data on population density and population size estimates are unavailable. These estimates, when associated with studies on habitat selection and preference, can provide conservation managers with important information, useful to decide where and how to direct resources and efforts for conservation. In this work, population censuses estimates were carried out for five passerine species in one of the most representative PEC fragments from the state of Alagoas, using Distance sampling linear transects. All of the species are threatened with extinction and endemic to the PEC: the Pernambuco Fire-eye Pyriglena pernambucensis (VU), the Black-cheecked Gnateater Conopophaga melanops nigrifrons (VU), the White-shouldered Antshrike Thamnophilus aethiops distans (EN), the Brown-winged Mourner Schiffornis turdina intermedia (VU), and the White-bellied Tody-tyrant Hemitriccus griseipectus naumburgae (VU). Although four of the five taxa are included in the same threat category, population densities varied from 0.13 to 0.73 individuals per hectare, being P. pernambucensis the taxa with the lowest, and Hemitriccus g. naumburgae the species with highest population density estimate. Through extrapolation of the observed densities, it was possible to produce minimum population sizes estimates for these birds. Two of these taxa, belonging guild of the of the forest understory insectivorous passerines, also had their microhabitat preferences analyzed. For both, microhabitat selection was based on characteristics of the forest understory vegetation, indicating the importance of microhabitat heterogeneity.
Barreiras para administração oportuna de antimicrobianos: visão da Enfermagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26)
Couto, Daniela Sanches
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Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6568078522745366
Introduction: The nursing team is related to the process of antimicrobial administration and it is an important part of ensuring its timely use, that is, correct dose, route and times. Objective: To identify occurrences, which according to nursing professionals, may interfere with the process of timely administration of antimicrobials. Method: This is a survey study with a quantitative approach, with participants being located by the "snowball" technique. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire via Google Forms®, in August and September 2020, with the participation of 158 professionals, 69% nurses and 31% nursing assistants/technicians. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, absolute and relative frequencies, and associations using the Generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) model. Results: there was a predominance of female participants (80%), with an average age of 35.25 years, from the southeastern region (64%) and workers in a General Hospital (58%); 59% of nurses and 49% of nursing assistants / technicians declared that they had not participated in training or specific guidance on the preparation and administration of antimicrobials. They pointed out as nursing competencies in the Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs, the control of schedules, dilutions and appropriate intervals for the preparation and administration of antimicrobials; the use of basic precautions and early implementation of contact precautions, monitoring after antimicrobial administration and the insertion of nurses in therapeutic decision-making. As barriers to the antimicrobial administration process, the delay in administration due to obstruction of the pathway, professional overload and the delay in dispensing are opportune. The professional category showed no association with the distribution of total points in the knowledge questionnaire (GAMLSS). Conclusions: it was identified that nursing recognizes situations that may compromise the timely administration of antimicrobials; has little access to courses and training on the subject and little proximity to the Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs, although they already perform isolated actions that contemplate the program's strategy. It is believed that deepening the training of professionals in the subject is fundamental to encourage the full exercise of their role
Desempenho cognitivo, sobrecarga e estresse de idosos cuidadores de idosos com e sem alterações cognitivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26)
Corrêa, Larissa
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Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5238829801943370
Introduction: The number of elderly people taking care of other elderly people is a growing reality. The burden, stress and cognitive performance of elderly caregivers may differ depending on who they are caring for. Objective: To compare the cognitive performance, burden and stress of elderly caregivers of elderly with evidence of cognitive impairment and elderly caregivers of elderly without evidence of cognitive impairment assisted by Primary Health Care services. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and quantitative performed with 318 elderly caregivers divided into two groups: 205 caregivers of elderly with evidence of cognitive impairment (CI) and 113 caregivers of elderly without evidence of cognitive impairment (WCI), according to the cutoff score of the Cognitive Examination of Addenbrooke's–Revised (ACE-R). For data collection, the following were used: a sociodemographic and context-of-care questionnaire, ACE-R, Zarit's Burden Scale and Perceived Stress Scale. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to confirm the normality of the data and descriptive and comparative analyzes were performed using Student's T Test and Pearson's Chi-square. Results: Most elderly care recipients were men, with a mean age of 73.3 (±8.0) years and a mean of 3.5 (±3.6) years of schooling. Elderly people with evidence of cognitive impairment were significantly older, less educated, had lower averages in the assessments of activities of daily living and worse cognitive performance, when compared to elderly recipients of care without evidence of cognitive impairment. Regarding caregivers, most were women (77,4%) and married (91,2%). The CI group had a higher mean age (70.6 years; p=0.001), less years of education (2.6 years; p=0.001), and a higher percentage with more than five hours a day dedicated to care (51,7%; p=0.020) when compared to WCI. Regarding cognitive performance, there was an average of 57.8 points in the ACE-R (±17.9) in the CI and 73.3 (±15.0) in the WCI, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.001). AC means were lower than SAC means for all ACE-R domains. There was a higher score for the AC, with a significant difference, both for perceived stress (p=0.029) and for overload (p=0.018). Conclusion: Elderly caregivers of elderly people with signs of cognitive impairment, worse cognitive performance in the total ACE-R and in its domains, in addition to higher levels of overload and stress. The differences found are important for planning activities with elderly caregivers in the context of primary health care.
Organização e trabalho do grupo de mulheres quilombolas “As Perobas”, na produção de alimentos e na conservação da natureza, no quilombo Ribeirão Grande e Terra Seca, na Barra do Turvo, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26)
Franco, Vivian Ferreira
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Borges, Janice Rodrigues Placeres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2373278362705384
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Franco, Fernando Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955
This study presents an analysis on the women's group from Quilombo Ribeirão Grande and Terra Seca, located in Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, Brazil.It focuses on agroecological practices that ensure biodiversity and financial autonomy, and food for the women's family, as well as the preservation of nature based on their tradition, that has deep foundations in their ancestry. As the selected methodologies were based on the women's existences, they were the central point of discussion, moving beyond the analyses about social organization and domestic labor, pinpointing their agricultural practices. In this sense, this research intends to expand knowledge construction in the agroecological context as it is a science-practice-movement. It also proposes to observe gender and race issues, socio-environmental and agronomic methods as coexisting processes. The dialog between these theories needs to become self-aware through interdisciplinary exchanges, so that women can be seen as political subjects in agroecology.
A teoria diferencial das faculdades em Diferença e Repetição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26)
Nardim, André Luiz
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Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0916237267532223
Ce travail est consacré à l'exploration de quelques questions autour de l'interprétation de la théorie différentielle des facultés présentée par Gilles Deleuze dans Différence et Répétition, en partant de l'hypothèse que sa valeur n'est pas évidente dans l'ensemble du système de cette œuvre. Dans un premier temps, nous considérons le traitement des arts modernes par l'auteur dans Différence et Répétition et les œuvres ultérieures et son lien avec la théorie différentielle des facultés et le dit empirisme transcendantal. Dans un deuxième temps, nous considérons le contexte initial de présentation de cette théorie, en cherchant à établir l'enjeu de son introduction. A partir de là, nous étudions la notion d'empirisme transcendantal, en cherchant, dans Différence et Répétition et dans les travaux précédents, des éléments pour comprendre sa relation avec notre objet de recherche. Enfin, nous traitons spécifiquement de l'exposé de cette théorie et des liens qu'elle établit avec les autres développements théoriques de l'ouvrage. Dans ce processus, nous mettons en évidence une série de difficultés pour lesquelles nous cherchons à proposer des hypothèses d'interprétation. Il s'agit notamment de la relation de l'exercice transcendantal des facultés à l'expérience (tant dans sa compréhension comme liée à une expérience vécue que dans son rôle de recherche des conditions de l'expérience réelle); de sa relation à l'activité artistique et l’exercice philosophique; de la manière dont les facultés sont liées dans cette théorie et de ses conséquences extra-philosophiques.
Data preparation pipeline recommendation via meta-learning
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26)
Zagatti, Fernando Rezende
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Silva, Diego Furtado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7662777934692986
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8060946497875227
Data preparation is a essential stage in the machine learning pipeline, aiming to convert noisy and disordered data into refined data compatible with the algorithms. However, data preparation is time-consuming and requires specialized knowledge. In this scenario, automating data preparation and decreasing the effort made by data scientists at this stage is a scientific challenge of great practical relevance. Each dataset has its particular characteristics and can be interpreted in different ways. Despite its relevance, current automated machine learning (AutoML) platforms disregard or make simple hardcoded pipelines for data preparation. Trying to fill this gap, we present a meta-learning-based recommendation system for data preparation. Our system recommends five pipelines, ranked by their relevance, so it is useful for users with varied experience levels. Using the top recommendation to simulate an entirely automatic choice of data preparation pipeline, we demonstrate that our proposal allows a better performance of an AutoML system, unable to find a classification model due to the noisy data. Besides, our method's accuracy rates are similar to those achieved by a reinforcement-learning-based algorithm with the same goal, but it is up to two orders of magnitude faster. Morevover, we demonstrate our method in a real-world application and evaluate its benefits and limitations in this scenario.
Avaliando o estabelecimento e a manutenção de classes de equivalência e da transferência de função em pessoas com e sem depressão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26)
Zapparoli, Heloísa Ribeiro
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Cortez, Mariéle Diniz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4073066056609325
Depression is highly prevalent in the world, affecting approximately 4.4% of the population. Depressed individuals underperform on memory tasks, but they are more likely to remember negative stimuli. On the other hand, studies with nondepressed people using the stimulus equivalence paradigm have shown that positive valence stimuli may favor the stability of equivalence classes and transfer of function between its members. The present study aimed to evaluate the formation and maintenance of equivalence classes as well as the transfer of function between meaningful stimuli of different valences and abstract stimuli, in depressed and nondepressed participants. For this purpose, 72 participants were assigned to four different groups after the administration of the Beck Depression Inventory - II. Two experimental groups (depressed and nondepressed) were given 1) matching-to-sample procedures to establish and to evaluate the formation of three four-member classes, each containing pictures of sad, happy and neutral faces in addition to abstract stimuli, and 2) the Semantic Differential and the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), for evaluating the transfer of function between stimuli. Thirty days later, the tests were repeated in a follow-up session to verify the maintenance of results. Two control groups (depressed and nondepressed) evaluated only the experimental stimuli using the Semantic Differential. Group analysis indicated that depressed and nondepressed participants demonstrated the formation and maintenance of equivalent stimulus classes. Individual results, however, indicated that the number of depressed participants who had more difficulties in baseline training and class formation tests was higher than the number of nondepressed participants. Both groups demonstrated transfer of function in the Semantic Differential in the two experimental sessions. The groups differed only in the evaluation of the abstract stimulus equivalent to the happy face made in the follow-up session (maintenance), which was more positive for the depressed group. IRAP results showed that the groups differed in the first session, in which the nondepressed group showed a single trial type dominance effect for the positively valenced stimuli. For the depressed group, this trial type did not differ from the trial type that contained the negatively valenced stimuli. These data extend the literature on formation and maintenance of equivalence classes and transfer of function, including results from depressed and nondepressed participants.
Análise de estratégias para identificação de copas de árvores em áreas arbóreas utilizando imagens de Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26)
Silva, Wesley Rafael Nunes da
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Bourscheidt, Vandoir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8224261649535795
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3504362324773391
The monitoring of forest areas is an essential tool for environmental conservation, either by controlling the suppression of native vegetation or by monitoring the restoration processes, with constant improvements in the strategies and techniques used in their execution. Therefore, it is necessary to know the structure of these areas in order to have a better understanding of their dynamics and distribution. In this scenario, the use of geoprocessing tools, especially through the technique of segmentation of the treetops, appears as essential tool to study vegetation in detail, assisting in the study of the structure of the forest and its conservation. However, its applicability is often limited by the quality of the images available for analysis and, sometimes, by the techniques used for data interpretation. Remotely piloted aircraft (RPAs) are becoming an excellent alternative in terms of data quality, allowing the acquisition of high-resolution images at low cost. In addition, with easier access to machine learning techniques, it is possible to use neural network models to process data in an innovative and efficient way. In this work, images obtained through RPA were used to evaluate different techniques for segmentation of tree crowns, aiming to find the most suitable to identify and count tree individuals. The following segmentation methods were evaluated: mode filter, multiresolution, watershed and segmentation with neural networks for deep learning. The images were obtained in areas with different plant physiognomies (Pinus silviculture and riparian forest), in order to assess their impact on the results. The results were compared using a set of validation data (terrestrial truth) generated from independent samples of these same images, to observe the accuracy of the techniques. The results showed that the polygons from the mode filter do not correspond to the crowns of the trees, possibly due to the intense homogenization of the images, which emphasizes its use as an intermediate segmentation tool. The multiresolution and watershed segmentations, on the other hand, showed good potential to detect treetops in the Pinus area, however, its parameters must be adjusted according to the target area, which makes it difficult to use and requires the algorithm to be executed multiple times. Ultimately, the segmentation generated by the deep learning model (U-Net) had problems connecting the edges of the treetops and showed a result without individual polygons for each tree. However, with the labeling used in this project, the tool showed good potential for detect gaps within the forest. In all cases, results were better in Silviculture compared to the area of Riparian Forest, a situation that may be related to the difference in the density of the treetops between these regions. Finally, additional experiments are necessary, using other sensors (such as LiDAR) and methods, to check if there is an improvement in the quality of the segmentation.
Desempenho motor, alcance e habilidades exploratórias em lactentes com risco biológico e risco ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-27)
Rohr, Liz Araújo
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Cabral, Thais Invenção
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2400104905073029
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Tudella, Eloisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
Objectives: To verify the influence of biological and environmental risk factors in gross motor performance, reaching skills and exploratory abilities in infants at 6 months of age. Methods: This is a blind cross-sectional study. Methodological procedures are described for each outcome. (1) Motor performance (MP): 80 infants at six months of age (193.85 ± 9.08 days) of both sexes (39 boys and 41 girls) were included. MP was assessed using Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Biological and environmental characteristics were obtained using a questionnaire directed to parents. The following biological factors were investigated: gestational age, birth weight, birth length, while socioeconomic status (SES) was considered the environmental factor. (2) Reaching: Participated in this study 62 infants at six months of age divided into three independent groups: Group 1 (G1), 28 full-terms with no risk factors; Group 2 (G2), 19 full-terms classified as low SES and no biological risk; Group 3 (G3), 15 very preterm infants at six months corrected age and without low SES. Reaching was measured through kinematic analysis using the Qualisys® system, and the following variables were analyzed: straightness index, deceleration time, movement unit, reaching duration, mean and peak velocity. Furthermore, we analyzed proximal and distal reaching adjustments. (3) Exploratory behavior: Participated in this study 64 infants at six months of age, divided in three independent groups (G1, n=28; G2, n= 21; G3, n=15), as it was described for the reaching outcome (G1, n=28; G2, n= 21; G3, n=15). The exploratory behavior was coded as: fingering, mouthing, waving, tapping, banging, transferring, rotating, alternating, and squeezing. These actions were assessed with two types of toys: a malleable and a rigid. Results: (1) Chi-square test showed a significant association between socioeconomic status and motor performance (p = 0.0013), whereby infants with low socioeconomic status performed worse. However, multiple regression analysis showed associations between motor performance socioeconomic status (β=0.256; p=0.024) and birth weight (β=0.184; p=0.010). (2) Infants from G2 presented reaching duration (p = 0.032, Cohen’s f = 0.349) and movement unit (p = 0.033, Cohen’s f = 0.351) significantly higher than G3. Horizontal hand orientation was moderately associated with infants at environmental risk (p=0.031; Cramer’s V=0.30). (3) There was a significant difference between G2 vs G3 for fingering (p = 0.005), between G1 vs G3 for waving (p = 0.041) and between G1 vs G2 (p = 0.003) and G2 vs G3 (p=0,046) for transferring, to the malleable object. To the rigid object, there was a difference between G1 vs G3 for waving (p = 0.018) and between G2 vs G3 for transferring (p = 0.019). In addition, infants from G2 performed a lower total of abilities when compared to infants from G1, both for the malleable (p = 0.014) and the rigid toy (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Our results suggest that low SES has a greater influence on motor performance of infants at six months. Additionally, infants of low socioeconomic status perform less functional reaching movements than very preterm infants at six months corrected age. Regarding to exploratory behavior, each risk factor may influence manual exploration in a different way and infants with low socioeconomic seem to be at greater disadvantage than preterm infants. Based on these results, we highlighted that low-cost public health strategies are needed, providing to infants who have some risk factor, better opportunities of development.
Tradução e adaptação cultural da “Family Meaning of Nursing-Home Visits Scale/Escala de Significado Familiar de Visitas a Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos” para o contexto brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-27)
Andrade, Larissa de
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Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7395879552721664
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Inouye, Keika
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558935747100052
Introduction: The demand for services provided by Long-Term Institutions for the Elderly (LTCIs) grows with the aging of the population. These spaces can represent a positive alternative of protection, protection and security, or a negative one that symbolizes the abandonment of a loved one. In the context of LSIEs, one of the ways to maintain the family bond is through family visits. Recently, a scale was built and validated in Taiwan in order to understand the meaning attributed by families to visiting institutionalized elderly people, called the Family Meaning of Nursing - Home Visits Scale (FMNHVS). The availability of this instrument in Brazil is justified by the increasing number of elderly people living in LSIE and the importance of family ties that directly affect the biopsychosocial conditions of the elderly. Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the FMNHV scale to the Brazilian context. Materials and methods: This is a methodological study, in which the steps recommended in the international literature were followed, which are: initial translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, review by a committee of judges and pre-test. Results: The initial translation was performed by two professional translators with experience in scientific texts in the health field. The synthesis of the translations was carried out through a meeting between members of the research group and the translators for a consensus on the differences found. The back-translation consisted of translating the FMNHVS back to the original language and submitting it to the original author for consideration. After approval and consensus with the author, a committee of six judges reviewed and compared all translations performed. There was an agreement of 83% for all items and a version for the pre-test was reached in Brazil. The pre-test stage consisted of applying the instrument to a sample of family members of institutionalized elderly in order to assess all the items on the scale, in terms of clarity and understanding of the questions, in order to identify errors and adapt to the context. Brazilian. Conclusion: The instrument was considered clear and understandable and no changes were necessary. The Brazilian version of the FMNHVS was translated and culturally adapted to the Brazilian context.
Análise de biomarcadores morfológicos em girinos de rã-touro, Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802), expostos a nanotubos de carbono de parede múltipla e ao seu surfactante isolado Pluronic TM F-127
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-27)
Dal Medico, Samuel Espinosa
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Salla, Raquel Fernanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1738422158151824
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Costa, Monica Jones
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0578970203313985
This work assessed the hepatic effect of carbon nanotubes (CNT) [10 mg.L-1] (NT group; n=9) associated with Pluronictm F-127 (0,1%), as well as its isolated effect (ST group; n=9), by the analysis of hepatic biomarkers in bullfrog tadpoles, Lithobates catesbeianus (SHAW, 1802), after 96h of exposure. The melanomacrophage cells area (A.MMC), sinusoidal area (A.SINUS), parenchymal area (A.HP), and the number of hepatocytes (C.HP) were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The percentage of area occupied by lipids (A.SB) were assessed using a histochemistry technique (Sudan Black). We observed a reduction of the A.SINUS (P<0,001) for ST and NT groups compared to the CT group (n=9), as well as for the C.HP (P<0,001). In the latter, we also observed differences (P<0,001) between the ST and NT groups. For A.SB, were observed differences among all the groups (CT