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Estudo de MOFs zeolíticas de imidazolato com Zn(II) e Co(II) e emprego na condensação de Knoevenagel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26) Franke, Karen Niége; Cardoso, Dilson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572389539600848
A new segment of porous materials has emerged last years: metal organic frameworks (MOFs). Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), a subclass of MOFs, are formed by metallic cations and imidazolates presenting similar topologies to zeolites. The imidazolate linker have pyridinic nitrogen in its structure, which is part responsible for the basic character of these materials. In the present work, Zn(II) and Co(II) ZIFs with ZIF-8, ZIF-67 and ZIF-L structures were applied in Knoevenagel condensation model reaction. The method of synthesis of these materials stands out, where water was used as a solvent and synthesis was facilitated by a deprotonating agent. X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, CHNS elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, N2, and CO2 physisorption and infrared spectroscopy with CDCl3 as probe molecule was performed. Zn-6TEA, with has ZIF-8 structure and was prepared with triethylamine as deprotonating agent, presented three bands in the region of weak basic sites from the infrared spectrogram with CDCl3. Co-6TEA, which has a ZIF-67 structure, showed bands at the same positions, demonstrating similar basic sites between these sodalite ZIFs. Zn-1FS, with a ZIF-8 structure, was synthesized using sodium formate, and due to the low basicity of this deprotonating agent, nucleation was slowed down, obtaining a high average particle size (~ 6 - 10 μm) when compared to the average particle size of Zn-6TEA (123 ± 25% nm). In Knoevenagel condensation, Zn 1FS showed 28% conversion with 30 min of reaction at 40 °C, while Zn-6TEA showed 64.6% under the same conditions. Thus, demonstrating that the synthesis method directly influences the properties and catalytic performance of ZIFs. It is suggested that, despite the flexibility of these structures, the reaction occurs on the surface and the smaller particle size and consequent larger external area favor the Knoevenagel reaction. The Zn-6TEA sample not only showed high conversion but was also stable in this reaction, maintaining 75% conversion after five reuses for 1 h at 40 °C.
Avaliação da densidade populacional e seleção de microhabitats em passeriformes florestais na RPPN Mata do Cedro, Rio Largo, AL, Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26) Prado, Luiza Carvalho; Francisco, Mercival Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2633742174470376
The Pernambuco Endemism Center (PEC) is an area of Atlantic Forest with high biodiversity levels due to biogeographic and historical factors. Located in Northeastern Brazil, north of the São Francisco River, the PEC is considered one of the most threatened regions on earth, being the most fragmented and degraded Atlantic Forest area in the entire biome. The PEC houses a series of endemic and endangered species, some of which are still in the process of being described. The classification of the levels of threat of the animals from the PEC in red lists have been based solely on their geographic distribution and areas of occurrence, especially because data on population density and population size estimates are unavailable. These estimates, when associated with studies on habitat selection and preference, can provide conservation managers with important information, useful to decide where and how to direct resources and efforts for conservation. In this work, population censuses estimates were carried out for five passerine species in one of the most representative PEC fragments from the state of Alagoas, using Distance sampling linear transects. All of the species are threatened with extinction and endemic to the PEC: the Pernambuco Fire-eye Pyriglena pernambucensis (VU), the Black-cheecked Gnateater Conopophaga melanops nigrifrons (VU), the White-shouldered Antshrike Thamnophilus aethiops distans (EN), the Brown-winged Mourner Schiffornis turdina intermedia (VU), and the White-bellied Tody-tyrant Hemitriccus griseipectus naumburgae (VU). Although four of the five taxa are included in the same threat category, population densities varied from 0.13 to 0.73 individuals per hectare, being P. pernambucensis the taxa with the lowest, and Hemitriccus g. naumburgae the species with highest population density estimate. Through extrapolation of the observed densities, it was possible to produce minimum population sizes estimates for these birds. Two of these taxa, belonging guild of the of the forest understory insectivorous passerines, also had their microhabitat preferences analyzed. For both, microhabitat selection was based on characteristics of the forest understory vegetation, indicating the importance of microhabitat heterogeneity.
Operadores de Calderón-Zygmund e o Teorema T(1)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26) Silva, Pedro Henrique Takemura Feitosa da; Hoepfner, Gustavo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7742503790793940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1736256298498950
The purpose of this work is to present, in a detailed way, one of the main topics of Harmonic Analysis: the singular integral operators or, in its general form, the Calderón-Zygmund operators. We did here, for the most part, a literature review of [GFK1] e [GFK2], aprocching necessary concepts to prove the so known T(1) Theorem, which was first proved by G. David and J-L. Journé in the article [D-J], which characterizes the L^2 boundedness of a certain class of operators. This text may be accessible for anyone who has basic notions in Measure Theory and Functional Analysis, for instance see [BSS], [FLD], [CNW] AND [BZS].
Barreiras para administração oportuna de antimicrobianos: visão da Enfermagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26) Couto, Daniela Sanches; Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6568078522745366
Introduction: The nursing team is related to the process of antimicrobial administration and it is an important part of ensuring its timely use, that is, correct dose, route and times. Objective: To identify occurrences, which according to nursing professionals, may interfere with the process of timely administration of antimicrobials. Method: This is a survey study with a quantitative approach, with participants being located by the "snowball" technique. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire via Google Forms®, in August and September 2020, with the participation of 158 professionals, 69% nurses and 31% nursing assistants/technicians. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, absolute and relative frequencies, and associations using the Generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) model. Results: there was a predominance of female participants (80%), with an average age of 35.25 years, from the southeastern region (64%) and workers in a General Hospital (58%); 59% of nurses and 49% of nursing assistants / technicians declared that they had not participated in training or specific guidance on the preparation and administration of antimicrobials. They pointed out as nursing competencies in the Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs, the control of schedules, dilutions and appropriate intervals for the preparation and administration of antimicrobials; the use of basic precautions and early implementation of contact precautions, monitoring after antimicrobial administration and the insertion of nurses in therapeutic decision-making. As barriers to the antimicrobial administration process, the delay in administration due to obstruction of the pathway, professional overload and the delay in dispensing are opportune. The professional category showed no association with the distribution of total points in the knowledge questionnaire (GAMLSS). Conclusions: it was identified that nursing recognizes situations that may compromise the timely administration of antimicrobials; has little access to courses and training on the subject and little proximity to the Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs, although they already perform isolated actions that contemplate the program's strategy. It is believed that deepening the training of professionals in the subject is fundamental to encourage the full exercise of their role
Desempenho cognitivo, sobrecarga e estresse de idosos cuidadores de idosos com e sem alterações cognitivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26) Corrêa, Larissa; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5238829801943370
Introduction: The number of elderly people taking care of other elderly people is a growing reality. The burden, stress and cognitive performance of elderly caregivers may differ depending on who they are caring for. Objective: To compare the cognitive performance, burden and stress of elderly caregivers of elderly with evidence of cognitive impairment and elderly caregivers of elderly without evidence of cognitive impairment assisted by Primary Health Care services. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and quantitative performed with 318 elderly caregivers divided into two groups: 205 caregivers of elderly with evidence of cognitive impairment (CI) and 113 caregivers of elderly without evidence of cognitive impairment (WCI), according to the cutoff score of the Cognitive Examination of Addenbrooke's–Revised (ACE-R). For data collection, the following were used: a sociodemographic and context-of-care questionnaire, ACE-R, Zarit's Burden Scale and Perceived Stress Scale. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to confirm the normality of the data and descriptive and comparative analyzes were performed using Student's T Test and Pearson's Chi-square. Results: Most elderly care recipients were men, with a mean age of 73.3 (±8.0) years and a mean of 3.5 (±3.6) years of schooling. Elderly people with evidence of cognitive impairment were significantly older, less educated, had lower averages in the assessments of activities of daily living and worse cognitive performance, when compared to elderly recipients of care without evidence of cognitive impairment. Regarding caregivers, most were women (77,4%) and married (91,2%). The CI group had a higher mean age (70.6 years; p=0.001), less years of education (2.6 years; p=0.001), and a higher percentage with more than five hours a day dedicated to care (51,7%; p=0.020) when compared to WCI. Regarding cognitive performance, there was an average of 57.8 points in the ACE-R (±17.9) in the CI and 73.3 (±15.0) in the WCI, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.001). AC means were lower than SAC means for all ACE-R domains. There was a higher score for the AC, with a significant difference, both for perceived stress (p=0.029) and for overload (p=0.018). Conclusion: Elderly caregivers of elderly people with signs of cognitive impairment, worse cognitive performance in the total ACE-R and in its domains, in addition to higher levels of overload and stress. The differences found are important for planning activities with elderly caregivers in the context of primary health care.
Análise de estratégias para identificação de copas de árvores em áreas arbóreas utilizando imagens de Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26) Silva, Wesley Rafael Nunes da; Bourscheidt, Vandoir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8224261649535795; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3504362324773391
The monitoring of forest areas is an essential tool for environmental conservation, either by controlling the suppression of native vegetation or by monitoring the restoration processes, with constant improvements in the strategies and techniques used in their execution. Therefore, it is necessary to know the structure of these areas in order to have a better understanding of their dynamics and distribution. In this scenario, the use of geoprocessing tools, especially through the technique of segmentation of the treetops, appears as essential tool to study vegetation in detail, assisting in the study of the structure of the forest and its conservation. However, its applicability is often limited by the quality of the images available for analysis and, sometimes, by the techniques used for data interpretation. Remotely piloted aircraft (RPAs) are becoming an excellent alternative in terms of data quality, allowing the acquisition of high-resolution images at low cost. In addition, with easier access to machine learning techniques, it is possible to use neural network models to process data in an innovative and efficient way. In this work, images obtained through RPA were used to evaluate different techniques for segmentation of tree crowns, aiming to find the most suitable to identify and count tree individuals. The following segmentation methods were evaluated: mode filter, multiresolution, watershed and segmentation with neural networks for deep learning. The images were obtained in areas with different plant physiognomies (Pinus silviculture and riparian forest), in order to assess their impact on the results. The results were compared using a set of validation data (terrestrial truth) generated from independent samples of these same images, to observe the accuracy of the techniques. The results showed that the polygons from the mode filter do not correspond to the crowns of the trees, possibly due to the intense homogenization of the images, which emphasizes its use as an intermediate segmentation tool. The multiresolution and watershed segmentations, on the other hand, showed good potential to detect treetops in the Pinus area, however, its parameters must be adjusted according to the target area, which makes it difficult to use and requires the algorithm to be executed multiple times. Ultimately, the segmentation generated by the deep learning model (U-Net) had problems connecting the edges of the treetops and showed a result without individual polygons for each tree. However, with the labeling used in this project, the tool showed good potential for detect gaps within the forest. In all cases, results were better in Silviculture compared to the area of Riparian Forest, a situation that may be related to the difference in the density of the treetops between these regions. Finally, additional experiments are necessary, using other sensors (such as LiDAR) and methods, to check if there is an improvement in the quality of the segmentation.
A teoria diferencial das faculdades em Diferença e Repetição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26) Nardim, André Luiz; Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0916237267532223
Ce travail est consacré à l'exploration de quelques questions autour de l'interprétation de la théorie différentielle des facultés présentée par Gilles Deleuze dans Différence et Répétition, en partant de l'hypothèse que sa valeur n'est pas évidente dans l'ensemble du système de cette œuvre. Dans un premier temps, nous considérons le traitement des arts modernes par l'auteur dans Différence et Répétition et les œuvres ultérieures et son lien avec la théorie différentielle des facultés et le dit empirisme transcendantal. Dans un deuxième temps, nous considérons le contexte initial de présentation de cette théorie, en cherchant à établir l'enjeu de son introduction. A partir de là, nous étudions la notion d'empirisme transcendantal, en cherchant, dans Différence et Répétition et dans les travaux précédents, des éléments pour comprendre sa relation avec notre objet de recherche. Enfin, nous traitons spécifiquement de l'exposé de cette théorie et des liens qu'elle établit avec les autres développements théoriques de l'ouvrage. Dans ce processus, nous mettons en évidence une série de difficultés pour lesquelles nous cherchons à proposer des hypothèses d'interprétation. Il s'agit notamment de la relation de l'exercice transcendantal des facultés à l'expérience (tant dans sa compréhension comme liée à une expérience vécue que dans son rôle de recherche des conditions de l'expérience réelle); de sa relation à l'activité artistique et l’exercice philosophique; de la manière dont les facultés sont liées dans cette théorie et de ses conséquences extra-philosophiques.
Organização e trabalho do grupo de mulheres quilombolas “As Perobas”, na produção de alimentos e na conservação da natureza, no quilombo Ribeirão Grande e Terra Seca, na Barra do Turvo, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26) Franco, Vivian Ferreira; Borges, Janice Rodrigues Placeres; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2373278362705384; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6270417341199932
This study presents an analysis on the women's group from Quilombo Ribeirão Grande and Terra Seca, located in Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, Brazil.It focuses on agroecological practices that ensure biodiversity and financial autonomy, and food for the women's family, as well as the preservation of nature based on their tradition, that has deep foundations in their ancestry. As the selected methodologies were based on the women's existences, they were the central point of discussion, moving beyond the analyses about social organization and domestic labor, pinpointing their agricultural practices. In this sense, this research intends to expand knowledge construction in the agroecological context as it is a science-practice-movement. It also proposes to observe gender and race issues, socio-environmental and agronomic methods as coexisting processes. The dialog between these theories needs to become self-aware through interdisciplinary exchanges, so that women can be seen as political subjects in agroecology.
Avaliando o estabelecimento e a manutenção de classes de equivalência e da transferência de função em pessoas com e sem depressão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26) Zapparoli, Heloísa Ribeiro; Cortez, Mariéle Diniz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4073066056609325
Depression is highly prevalent in the world, affecting approximately 4.4% of the population. Depressed individuals underperform on memory tasks, but they are more likely to remember negative stimuli. On the other hand, studies with nondepressed people using the stimulus equivalence paradigm have shown that positive valence stimuli may favor the stability of equivalence classes and transfer of function between its members. The present study aimed to evaluate the formation and maintenance of equivalence classes as well as the transfer of function between meaningful stimuli of different valences and abstract stimuli, in depressed and nondepressed participants. For this purpose, 72 participants were assigned to four different groups after the administration of the Beck Depression Inventory - II. Two experimental groups (depressed and nondepressed) were given 1) matching-to-sample procedures to establish and to evaluate the formation of three four-member classes, each containing pictures of sad, happy and neutral faces in addition to abstract stimuli, and 2) the Semantic Differential and the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), for evaluating the transfer of function between stimuli. Thirty days later, the tests were repeated in a follow-up session to verify the maintenance of results. Two control groups (depressed and nondepressed) evaluated only the experimental stimuli using the Semantic Differential. Group analysis indicated that depressed and nondepressed participants demonstrated the formation and maintenance of equivalent stimulus classes. Individual results, however, indicated that the number of depressed participants who had more difficulties in baseline training and class formation tests was higher than the number of nondepressed participants. Both groups demonstrated transfer of function in the Semantic Differential in the two experimental sessions. The groups differed only in the evaluation of the abstract stimulus equivalent to the happy face made in the follow-up session (maintenance), which was more positive for the depressed group. IRAP results showed that the groups differed in the first session, in which the nondepressed group showed a single trial type dominance effect for the positively valenced stimuli. For the depressed group, this trial type did not differ from the trial type that contained the negatively valenced stimuli. These data extend the literature on formation and maintenance of equivalence classes and transfer of function, including results from depressed and nondepressed participants.
Data preparation pipeline recommendation via meta-learning
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-26) Zagatti, Fernando Rezende; Silva, Diego Furtado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7662777934692986; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8060946497875227
Data preparation is a essential stage in the machine learning pipeline, aiming to convert noisy and disordered data into refined data compatible with the algorithms. However, data preparation is time-consuming and requires specialized knowledge. In this scenario, automating data preparation and decreasing the effort made by data scientists at this stage is a scientific challenge of great practical relevance. Each dataset has its particular characteristics and can be interpreted in different ways. Despite its relevance, current automated machine learning (AutoML) platforms disregard or make simple hardcoded pipelines for data preparation. Trying to fill this gap, we present a meta-learning-based recommendation system for data preparation. Our system recommends five pipelines, ranked by their relevance, so it is useful for users with varied experience levels. Using the top recommendation to simulate an entirely automatic choice of data preparation pipeline, we demonstrate that our proposal allows a better performance of an AutoML system, unable to find a classification model due to the noisy data. Besides, our method's accuracy rates are similar to those achieved by a reinforcement-learning-based algorithm with the same goal, but it is up to two orders of magnitude faster. Morevover, we demonstrate our method in a real-world application and evaluate its benefits and limitations in this scenario.