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Estudo do conversor cc-ca a quatro fios com capacitor dividido conectado à rede com desequilíbrio de carga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Silva, Alex Ferreira; Sguarezi Filho, Alfeu Joaozinho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6603067354811112; Nascimento, Claudionor Francisco do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7482480424827756; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4119297597121873
The three-phase dc-ac converters based on power electronics are the main equipment used to connect renewable sources to the electricity distribution system. The three-phase four-wire distribution system with voltage unbalance has undesired negative and zero sequence components, which can cause several negative impacts to the system. Among these impacts, it stands out as synchronism failures between the dc-ca converter and the electrical grid, which is normally done through Phase Lock Loop (PLL). The Synchronous Reference Frame-PLL (SRF-PLL) is it used. However, this method does not perform well when the electrical grid has voltage unbalance, since negative and zero sequence components are present in the unbalanced system. There are PLLs that can be used, within certain operating limits, in an electrical grid with voltage imbalance, such as Dual Second Order Generalized Integrator-PLL (DSOGI-PLL) that allows the synchronism between the converter cc-ca and the mains even in conditions of voltage imbalance. In this work, the performance of SRF-PLL and DSOGI-PLL is studied when the cc-ca converter is subjected to several imbalance factors. The simulation results are obtained, bulletin with the balanced system. In addition, the system was simulated with unbalanced loads, considering some operating situations. The main conclusion obtained is that the cc-ca converter can inject sinusoidal currents into the electrical grid up to a certain operating limit using the DSOGI-PLL
A influência dos métodos de controle e dos níveis de adubação na composição de plantas infestantes na restauração florestal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Bermudes, Eduardo; Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5945747755767169
Weed species, especially those from the Poaceae and Cyperaceae families, cause several problems in the first stages of tree seedling plantings aiming for tropical forest restoration. The general objective of this work is to evaluate the diversity and biomass of weeds in forest restoration plantations submitted to different weed control techniques and fertilization intensities. Do species composition and richness vary depending on weed control techniques and fertilization levels? Does the biomass of unwanted herbaceous plants vary as a function of weed control techniques and fertilization levels? When we intensify the control of weeds with the use of herbicide, does the proportion of biomass and the richness of non-monocots weeds increase? The hypothesis was that in the treatment carried out with intensive management of weeds (glyphosate spraying and mechanical weed control around seedlings every three months) we would have a lower biomass of Poaceae and Cyperaceae members, and a greater overall richness of weed species. On the other hand, the treatment with conventional management (mowing and weed control around the seedling every six months) and with the use of fertilization, would have a higher biomass of Poaceae and Cyperaceae species, and a lower weed species richness overall. To answer these questions, two management techniques were used to control weeds: intensive management with seedling crowning; and conventional management using traditional mechanized mowing and seedling crowning. Fertilization was carried out two times, first in holes and then over the soil in a circle, both place around the seedlings. In the first one, right after planting, we applied 85 g per seedling of the NPK 14-04-08 fertilizer. In the second moment, 45 g per seedling of the NPK 10-0-20 was applied. A full randomized design in the “Split-plot” scheme was used. For the weed inventory, we used 0.25 m2 squares, placed both in the row (around the seedlings) and in the interow. We used ANOVA followed by the Tukey´s test for the statistical analyses. We found 38 weed species, but found neither effect of fertilization and control methods nor interaction among them on the measured variables. At the same time, there was a higher biomass for monocots and in the interow of the plantings. Placing some samples in the row, around the seedlings, may probably favored the unexpected results. The study shows us that knowledge on the diversity and biomass of weeds in area to be restored can help deciding on the best control methods to be used in forest restoration projects.
Depressão pós-parto em mulheres brasileiras:uma revisão sistemática da literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Poquiviqui, Susamari; Nascimento, Monalisa Muniz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3544744151330356
Inglês
Valorização de resíduos alimentares para a produção de biogás: desafios e oportunidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Migliati, Caio Lobo; Rosa, Paula Rúbia Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4284223404098079; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9928492735485519
In view of climate change aggravated by the use of fossil fuels, there is a need for solutions to reduce their use in order to help reduce greenhouse gases (GHG). Allied to this fact, food waste is discarded in large amounts causing severe environmental pollution in many countries. Among the different possible treatment routes, the anaerobic digestion (AD) of food residues for the production of biogas is a proven and effective solution for the treatment and recovery of these residues. Within this context, the objective of this work is to carry out an analysis of scientific publications, presenting relevant works and detailing the most important parameters for the production of biogas from food waste, understanding the broader global contours of ongoing scientific and technological research. In addition, a case study of the biogas plant of the Institute of Energy and Environment (IEE) at USP was carried out in order to demonstrate the feasibility of this process. For this, a detailed analysis of scientific data was performed using the database at Web of Science and Google Scholar, and Google Scholar (GA). Among the 677 studies found, there is a large presence of China conducting research and the growing interest in the subject, mainly related to solutions to climate change. Furthermore, the most relevant studies selected by the GA show the predominance of mesophilic batch systems, with mostly dry anaerobic digestion. The biogas plant demonstrated the feasibility of producing methane on an industrial scale, with methane content between 60-65% and cogeneration of 53.57 kWh per day of energy and a total of 152 hours in operation.
Zona Franca de Manaus: uma análise comparativa entre seus decretos e os impactos socioeconômicos (1957 a 2019)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Calegare, Juliana Maria; Silva, Gustavo Pereira da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2439816100723730; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0397927380127680
This paper aims to understand the operation and objectives of a free trade zone, as well as to understand whether the Manaus Free Trade Zone, created in 1957, meets the main purposes stipulated by law. The central idea is to develop an analysis that evaluates whether the objectives with the implementation of the FTZ were met, from the joint analysis of the determining decrees of the ZFM, and results present in economic and social indices. Thus, with the confrontation between desires and impacts, the effectiveness of the free zone model in the state is evaluated. From this analysis we conclude the importance of the pole in improving the lives of the population, especially in aspects related to education, income, work, development of industries and technology.
Impactos do advento do Uber frente ao transporte coletivo urbano em São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Brentini, Guilherme Dias; Hirosue, Fernando Hideki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4091598921285700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6496805057358303
Currently, with the advent of technology, lifestyle has been undergoing big changes. The way of moving in cities is no different. With the creation of car transport by apps, a new way of getting around in cities emerged. Such businesses way gain space every day for offering to their users a quality service that combines, above all, attractive prices and more safety. In addition, they offer a service that covers routes not served by public transport. This paper, through an online form, seeks to understand and map the target audience of Uber passengers in São Carlos-SP, to understand if this transportation mode is a substitute or a complement to urban public transport. It was noted that 70% of survey participants started using Uber instead of buses in the COVID-19 pandemic. The main reason is health, in this case replacing travel via public transport. The form was answered by a group that represents a small sample space when compared to the entire population of the city. So, it is suggested that futures works investigate more cases to improve the conclusions presented here. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize the interference of the period experienced during the pandemic in the results obtained. Since the search for more health-related safety, there is a certain migration of travel to Uber.
Determinação de impurezas inorgânicas em medicamentos: avaliação de preparo de amostra e medidas espectroanalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Pinheiro, Fernanda Costa; Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7672863657607448
Green sample preparation procedures were developed in this dissertation for determination of elemental impurities in drugs and dietary supplements by argon-based plasma spectroanalytical methods according to Chapters 232, 233 and 2232 from the United States Pharmacopeia. Chapter 3 describes the development of a procedure for microwave-assisted sample preparation of medicines using diluted nitric acid solution followed by determination of 24 elements using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure for determination of Cd, Hg, and Pb in drug samples by ICP OES is also presented. A dilute-and-shoot procedure for determination of 23 elements in liquid pharmaceutical samples by ICP OES is presented in Chapter 4 as well as a procedure for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of Cd, Co, Hg, Ni, Pb, and V in liquid drug samples for subsequent measurements by ICP OES. Chapter 5 describes the development of microwave-assisted sample preparation procedure of sport supplements using dilute nitric acid solution followed by determination of As, Cd, Hg and Pb using ICP-MS. In all chapters previously mentioned, calibration strategies, such as standard additions, internal standardization, multi-isotope calibration and one-point standard addition, are evaluated for correction of matrix effects as well as instrumental strategies based on aerosol dilution and collision cell technology for ICP-MS measurements. These strategies were essential to correct for spectral and non-spectral interferences, enabling the accurate determination of elemental impurities in solid pharmaceutical samples (tablets and pills), liquid drugs (oral solutions and parenteral drugs) and sport supplements by ICP-based methods.
Perspectivas de um graduando de educação física no PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Montera, Flávio Casetta; Ramos, Glauco Nunes Souto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0134679842280022; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2061034859678887
In an attempt to guide the training of health professionals, the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) were proposed for higher education, which, for the area of Physical Education, was established by Resolution No. 7, of March 31 2004, which instituted the National Curriculum Guidelines for the referred course. Even so, several years after the institution of the DCN for higher education, the Physical Education course still presents some weaknesses in the teaching-learning process. Thus, it is necessary to structure and elaborate a counter-hegemonic curricular proposal, in an attempt to break with the organization and execution of curriculum frameworks that intensify the dichotomy between theory and practice. Thus, the creation of the Department of Labor Management and Health Education (SGTES), in 2003, made it possible for the Ministry of Health (MS) and Education (MEC) to formulate policies inducing this change. Among them, the Education through Work for Health Program (PET-Saúde) stands out, which instigated the elaboration of this study. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the perspectives of a Physical Education student in the public health network of São Carlos, through PET-Saúde Interprofessionalidade. For that, the work was guided by qualitative, autobiographical research and used the memorial descriptive (MD) as a source of information collection. Data analysis took place from the elaboration of the following categories: 1) Curriculum/structural weaknesses of Physical Education as an area of public health, in which teaching centered on biological content is located, emphasizing the technical-scientific character, making it difficult to understand the social reality, the distance between departments and interaction between courses in the health area; 2) PET-Health Interprofessionality: some weaknesses, indicating the conflict/incompatibility of time, the difficulty of communication and municipal management to coordinate teamwork/network; and 3) PET-Saúde Interprofessionalidade: potentials, revealing the expansion of vision articulator that breaks with disciplinary thinking, fragmented and shattered, providing new approaches between students and users, which, through teamwork, provides a more integral and humanistic health. In this way, it is necessary to pay more attention, elaborate, develop and transform successful programs, such as PET-Saúde Interprofessionalidade into pedagogical projects and consistent public policies for the training of future professionals in the area of health, which, in addition to the theoretical and practical successes of the SUS, make it possible to provide, significantly, the construction of a quality public health service for all.
Infraestrutura computacional altamente replicável e portável para pesquisa em Ciência de Dados utilizando OpenHPC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Olivato, Gabriel; Matias, Paulo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3792055796261017; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1002422343204177
High-performance computing or HPC refers to the use of supercomputers or the use of multiple computers in tasks that require a large amount of processing. An HPC infrastructure is a requirement to carry out research in the most varied areas of knowledge. Deploying and maintaining this type of infrastructure is not a simple task and that is why, in large scientific computing centers, there are large teams responsible for this task. This work reports the lessons learned from the implementation of HPC infrastructure at the Federal University of São Carlos, which has a reduced staff. The OpenHPC project, made available and maintained by the free software community, helps to reduce the complexity of this infrastructure. However, there were some adaptations to the standard OpenHPC installation process: (1) the correction of a security hole related to the way the node provisioner is configured; and (2) the use of Ceph as an alternative network file system with greater performance and reliability than NFS, but less complex to operate than Lustre. Then, this study addresses the use of containers as a way to promote the reproducibility and portability of scientific experiments. While container technologies for HPC environments such as Singularity are relatively mature, there is still not as plentiful an abundance of ready-to-use components as in Kubernetes and other cloud-based platforms. Therefore, this work collaborates with the implementation and documentation of a container Singularity to run the Apache Spark platform, widely used in data science research, in an HPC environment. Furthermore, this work proposes and documents a series of facilities for the day-to-day activities of a research group, for example, notification of the completion of experiments through instant messengers. Finally, the complete infrastructure is validated by performing some experiments.
Avaliação das microestruturas de solidificação e propriedades de aplicação de ligas monotéticas Al-Bi, Al-Bi-Cu e Al-Bi-Zn
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Reyes, Rodrigo André Valenzuela; Spinelli, José Eduardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9357263200951932
Monotectic Al-based ternary alloys can result in a good combination of wear resistance and mechanical strength. While the soft self-lubricating elements contribute to an appropriate wear resistance, modification with third elements can increase the load-bearing capacity. The control of thermal solidification parameters, under conditions of transient heat flow, may provide an optimized distribution of the minority soft phase of Bismuth (Bi) incorporated in an Al-rich matrix. In the present study, Al-Bi, Al-Bi-Zn and Al-Bi-Cu alloys were generated by directional solidification technique, having the microstructures characterized and dimensioned based on the cooling rates (Ṫ). The main objective is to evaluate the influences of the addition of elements - typical hardeners in Al alloys: 3wt.% zinc (Zn) and 3wt.% copper (Cu) - in the microstructures (through Bi spacing, λBi), tensile properties and wear resistances of the monotectic Al-3,2 wt.% Bi alloy. These additions contribute to the development of light and more resistant alloys in new designs of sliding bearings, whose demands are increasing. It is shown that the addition of Cu promotes 50% of microstructural refining (from 88 μm to 44 μm, for Ṫ = 1 ° C/s), almost doubles the wear resistance (average worn volume, V, reduced from 0.43 mm3 to 0.27 mm3 for 60 minutes of testing) and more than doubles the ultimate tensile strength (from 70 MPa to 165 MPa) with a decrease in elongation-to-fracture (from 40% to 25%) compared to the Al-3.2 wt.% Bi alloy. Regarding to the addition of Zn, although there is some microstructural refinement (40% for Ṫ = 1 ° C/s), little contribution was observed in the application properties. Hall-Petch equations correlating the tensile properties with the interphase spacing (λBi) have been proposed, as well as relationships between the V as a function of both λBi and test time (t).
Processos de constituição e configuração de áreas públicas em cidades paulistas de porte médio: desafios para uma inserção urbana qualificada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Holanda, Lucas Padiá; Silva, Sandra Regina Mota; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973870842834947; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823275524844094
The constant expansion of urban space and its population increase has brought to light the issue of the importance of public spaces that promote the qualification of living conditions and full urbanity. In this sense, the objective of this research was to investigate the processes of constitution and configuration of public areas in six medium-sized cities in São Paulo, selected by the similarity of factors that will be addressed in the course of the work. They are: Araraquara, Araras, Limeira, Piracicaba, Rio Claro and São Carlos. The research method consisted in the survey, compilation, systematization and analysis of municipal legislation, in particular the Master Plans and the Land Division, Use and Occupation Laws for urban purposes. The analysis was based on a set of variables that included the percentages of public areas; their functional typologies; regulations relating to dimensioning proportionalities; physical-territorial configurations; requirements regarding their locations; and other specificities identified in each municipality. The obtained results pointed to a diversified legal repertoire in the ways of treatment of the adopted analysis variables, characterizing a panorama of some similarities and heterogeneities, expressing each municipal context. It is expected that this research, within a universe of analysis that included six medium-sized municipalities in São Paulo, and which sought to produce preliminary inputs for a critical and comprehensive view of this regulatory apparatus, will contribute to the qualification process of public areas arising from the processes of urban land subdivision.
Estudo de casos de erosões hídricas lineares e seu controle na cidade de São Carlos e comparativo com outras regiões
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Vivaldini, Amanda Ramela Schalch; Menezes, Denise Balestrero; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329605467080208; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7598945949436819; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329605467080208
The rapid and disordered Brazilian population growth was characterized by the incorrect use of natural resources and, as a consequence, generated impacts and degradations to the environment, mainly in the soil. The soil represents a basic resource that supports all the vegetation cover on the planet, essential for the survival of life on Earth, which also supports the entire built infrastructure. One form of manifestation of this degradation is the erosive processes that can cause, in addition to significant loss of fertile soils, compromising its limit of soil loss, several environmental, economic and social impacts. This project aims to study cases of linear water erosion and how these erosions generate losses and correction works.A survey of cases was made on the causes and consequences of water erosions and, then, an analysis of techniques for recovering these erosions was conducted. In addition, an in-depth study of cases was carried out in the city of Sao Carlos, where the geotechnical characteristics of the cases studied were analyzed, through geotechnical maps of the city. It was possible to conclude that in urban areas the lack of planning and infrastructure in the implementation of subdivisions leads to most cases of erosion and in rural areas the replacement of vegetation by pastures and monoculture plantations are responsible for the erosive processes. In addition, through the study carried out it was found that erosion prevention and control techniques are often poorly dimensioned, without maintenance and in many cases did not exist. Regarding the city of Sao Carlos, it was possible to notice that the fragility of the physical environment, due to the type of rocky substrate and unconsolidated materials, added to the anthropic intervention, triggered the appearance of erosions.
Utilização de técnicas espectro analíticas para avaliação de açúcar de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Beletti, Douglas Romano; Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2149030292958156
Brazil is the largest sugarcane producer in the world, and its consolidated industry also places it in the position of the largest producer and exporter of sugar. With a highly variable process and also with large transported volumes, the control of tampering and analysis of its physical chemical parameters becomes a crucial step at various points in its supply chain, establishing quality standards and its final demand. Given the importance of control, in the laboratory scope, new techniques and applications are sought that enable quick, non-destructive analysis, not using harmful reagents and also easy to operate, and that this allows for quick actions that lead to improvements in the efficiency of the processes decrease in losses. Thus, the objective of this work is the evaluation and development of new applications for sugar analysis using the Laser Induced Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (LIBS) and Near Infrared Region Spectroscopy (NIRS) techniques. In the first part of this study 64 samples of mixture were prepared, and using chemometric tools, PLS models were developed and optimized to determine the parameters Sugar (%), Sand (%) and Black Spots (pp/100g). For performance evaluation, the RMSEP values were obtained for the prediction models for Sand at 6.48, 1.29 and 5.96 percent, for Sugar at 6.53, 1.23 and 5.99 percent and for Black Spots at 7.74, 5.81 and 10.94 bp/100g of sample, each of which is obtained with the LIBS, NIR and Data Fusion data respectively. In the second part of this study, spectroanalytical data from 41,110 samples of Crystal, VHP, Amorphous Refined and Granulated Refined sugars were collected via NIRS in different regions of Brazil and mPLS and ANN prediction models were developed for Ash (% m/m), Color ICUMSA (UI), Polarization (°Z) and Humidity (%). Individual mPLS and ANN models were compared with a global model (containing all types of sugar), with the literature and also with a proficiency test applied in industry laboratories. For the ANN models of the Global calibration, it was possible to obtain RMSEP values of 0.017 for ash, 43 for color, 0.016 for moisture and 0.098 for Pol. Therefore, the LIBS technique showed promise in the evaluation of contaminants in sugar, and can be evaluated for development of routine applications obtaining greater spectral variability. The NIRS technique for sugar evaluation demonstrated an advanced state of development and robustness due to global variability and performance when compared to literature and laboratory techniques. Finally, the implementation of global ANN models provide greater stability, robustness and precision, having several advantages over local models and mPLS models.
Efeito do processo de usinagem no comportamento de corrosão sob tensão do aço SAE 1020
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Lima, Michele Cravo de; Rovere, Carlos Della; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606; Ventura, Carlos Eiji Hirata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1689198421096127; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4039944285477990
Corrosion is a natural phenomenon that causes a reduction in the life of components made with metallic and non-metallic materials. This process remains in constant research in order to be avoided by industries through detection techniques and anticorrosive methods. One type of high impact corrosion is stress corrosion cracking (CST), a phenomenon that occurs when a (susceptible) metal is exposed to an aggressive environment and, at the same time, it is tensioned, a very common situation in oil pipelines. Considering the importance of increasing the life of components by reducing the effects of corrosion and knowing that most parts produced are finished by material removal processes and these processes generate defects on the surfaces that can lead the component to premature failure, this research aims to understand the effect of machining on the life of a SAE 1020 steel subjected to CST. For this purpose, specimens of the aforementioned material were turned under different feed rates and exposed to an aggressive environment (NaOH solution), at a temperature of 55°C, and subjected to a fixed tensile load, according to ASTM G49- 85. In addition to the CST tests, specimens were made for corrosion tests by immersion in the same solution, in order to determine the effect of stress. The results obtained showed that the parts machined with higher feed values were more degraded, both in generalized corrosion and in CST. In the first case, alveolar corrosion on the surface was verified, while in the second, crack formation was noted.
Entre a sereia e o vigário: discursos sobre Ciência, Tecnologia & Inovação no campo científico brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Paula, Erico Lopes Pinheiro de; Rothen, José Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942510389127549; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3376110392241583
This study investigates discourses of (not only) scientific associations regarding economic development and innovation. The discourses were delivered through institutional websites and the legislative arena, aiming at hegemony in policies for science, technology, and innovation in Brazil. Our general research problem referred to the consensus defended and the propositions debated in the lower and upper House of Representatives. Our main objective was to reveal the role of academic associations in this process, as well as to map problems detected and solutions prescribed by them. We strategically pointed out aspects of the discourses that have, in their form, the seal of academy (mermaid metaphor) and, in their content, the intransigent defense of an obsolete perspective of state (vicar metaphor). The method is referred to in theories on symbolic capital, scientific field, and economic development, which allowed us to approach historical, social, and political aspects in our explanations. This theory guided us in the criticism to the entities’ main arguments, aiming to expose specific conditions of underdeveloped countries and contradictions inherent to the establishment of public policies for higher education. We exclusively used texts and audios available at the Internet, at the House of Representative’s website, and at the institutional websites of associations (herein referred to as entities). The sample primarily entails what was published from 2011 to 2016 and, additionally, the entities’ textual production between 2016 and 2018. Data were collected remotely, as all repositories used were widely available during the research period. Subsequently, the material was assessed, catalogued, and transcribed when necessary. Analysis was performed through a critical reading of various genres and a subsequent triangulation of data – when comparing the entities’ bibliographical production, institutional debates in Public Hearings at the House of Representatives, and the legislation enacted. Our results show an intense convergence of the entities’ agenda and a decisive influence on the promulgation of the new Legal Framework for Science, Technology, and Innovation. We concluded that the coalition (academic entrepreneurs, public managers, and private investors) perceived the problems that affect knowledge production and industrial activity in contemporary Brazil in a partial and insufficient way – especially when compared with mission-oriented innovation policies.
Automatização de planilha para cálculo da tarifa do transporte público urbano pelo método Leonês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-16) Alves, Helder Vasconcelos; Hirosue, Fernando Hideki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4091598921285700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0926198775310390
The demand for the urban public transport system in Brazil has been declining gradually in recent years. Factors, such as the low quality of service provision and the growing value of fares, have kept users away, especially those with lower incomes, from this mode of transportation. The quality of the service provided can be attributed to several factors, from errors in the design of the transport system to poor quality in the roads used by the buses. The high cost of the tariff, on the other hand, is linked, at first, to the increase in the prices of some elements (fuel, taxes, administrative expenses) and, later, to the lack of structure (human, material, tools) in the tariff administration. The calculation methods used by cities for the most part are outdated or obsolete, requiring new ways of calculating the value of tariffs. Thus, the automation of calculation methods means that the competent bodies and designers spend less time on operational demands and can focus on more in-depth analyzes of the costs of the urban public transport system. This study will focus on automating one of these calculation methods, Leonês, proposed by Ferraz in 1999. Such automation will be performed in Microsoft Excel using the software's own programming language, called VBA (Visual Basic for Applications). Finally, the following results were obtained: the final calculation spreadsheet, considerations in the design of the spreadsheet and future ideas for possible improvements in the built program.