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Uso de processos industriais alternativos para promover a economia circular na indústria química: estudo de caso na indústria de fertilizantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Defrein, Bruna; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6494446888242212
The concept of a Circular Economy has attracted worldwide attention in recent years due to the increasing need for sustainable production and consumption patterns in social, environmental and economic aspects. The Circular Economy is seen as an alternative to the current linear economic model, which uses the “take-make-dispose” industrial model and causes several negative impacts, such as environmental degradation, industrial waste and high CO2 emissions. The transition from linear to circular model is fostered by Industrial Ecology through the analysis of material and energy flows of industrial systems in closed cycles, in which industrial waste serves as input for other processes, thus eliminating the concept of undesirable by-product. The chemical industry and its technological innovations can accelerate this transition due to the enormous influence on many upstream and downstream production chains, such as the fertilizer industry. Nitrogen is the basis for these fertilizers and it is converted to ammonia by the Haber Bosch synthesis. This work was developed to study two different ammonia production processes which use alternative technologies, water electrolysis and chemical looping process, that can be adopted to accelerate the transition from the linear model to the Circular Economy model in the nitrogen-based fertilizers production. The positive and negative aspects of these processes were analyzed, comparing them to the conventional process. Both alternative processes are able to reduce or eliminate the negative impacts of the conventional ammonia production process according to the circular economy concept and investment is needed to develop these technologies to be applied on a large commercial scale.
Violência baseada na expressão de gênero e de orientação sexual na Educação Física: professores e professoras como agentes de prevenção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Freitas, Milena de Bem Zavanella; Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5233854244313683; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9811892012393598
School violence is a growing and multiple phenomenon that affects people's lives in different ways. Scientific production shows that the expression of gender and sexual orientation is related to the increased risk of being a victim of violence and bullying in schools. This research promotes a dialogue between scientific evidence and the collaboration of Physical Education teachers for the prevention of violence, focusing on gender and sexual orientation. Therefore, the general objective was to structure fundamental knowledge that corresponds to training programs for Physical Education teachers, in order to qualify agents for preventing violence, especially violence based on gender and sexual orientation, through dialogue between Physical Education teachers and the scientific contributions to solving these problems. The articulation between the results of this research and scientific productions on violence allows us to claim the presence of specific knowledge in the initial training process, as well as the promotion of community training for prevention work. Among the fundamental knowledge for the prevention of violence, this research highlights the importance of interactions and socialization processes for the maintenance or overcoming of violence. Through preventive socialization, it is possible to educate children and young people, especially peer groups and friends, as essential factors in the work of preventing and overcoming violence. We also consider that the contents of Physical Education can be treated by the principles of dialogic learning and through Successful Educational Actions, especially interactive groups and dialogic model of prevention and conflict resolution. These paths are presented as concrete possibilities, considering that they are already serving as a basis for work developed in the area, especially due to the validation they have in view of the improvement in learning and overcoming conflicts and violence.
Famosos que leem: uma análise discursiva de enunciações orgulhosas ou envergonhadas acerca da leitura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Fernandes, Suélen Maira Xavier; Santos, Rafael Borges Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0304920379486430; Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5648819215003503
This undergraduate thesis, a work of course conclusion, inserted in the research project conducted by Profa. Dr. Luzmara Curcino, entitled “Proud readers, shamed readers: emotions in discourses about reading”, aims to raise and constitute a very specific corpus of statements about reading, obtained from interviews with famous people and published in national newspapers and magazines from different segments, available on the internet. We search in which there some mention, motivated (when, due to a question, they were asked to talk about themselves), or spontaneous (when even without being asked about it, they issued comments) about the reading or about themselves as readers. More specifically, we selected statements in which was expressed some emotions in relation to reading and the reading condition, like 'pride', 'shame' and, eventually, 'nostalgia'. In this work we constitute a concise and specific corpus of statements in which these emotions about reading were expressed in interviews given by nationally known personalities from the cultural field. Supported by some principles of Discourse Analysis and Cultural History of Reading, we observe how, in terms of reading, certain statements can be polemically received, require retraction, and became a reason for the 'shame' by their enunciators, or, on the other hand, became a sufficient reason for the display of 'pride' of being a reader.
Simulação e análise técnico-econômica do processo de bi-reforma do metano para produção do gás de síntese
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Zarif, Francisco Goldenberg; Lima, Alice Medeiros de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038936541518854; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2621204286081796
Considering the multiple uses syngas has as an intermediate for products with higher monetary value, it is natural that there should be a lot of effort to optimize its production. In this scenario, alternative chemical routes have been studied as substitutes to the traditional methane reforming, followed by its transformation into hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in order to guarantee the ideal proportion of each component to its main goal, whether in the production of fuels, ammonia, methanol or any other product that is derived from syngas. This study had the objective to study the bi-reforming process from methane prevenient from natural gas, one of the alternatives to the traditional reforming with the best results so far. In order to achieve this goal, a brief research about the state of the art of this process was made, followed by simulations using Aspen Plus V10©, with process conditions obtained from the literature. The results from the simulation were then combined with an economic analysis, which lead to conclusions about the economic viability of a bi-reforming industrial plant, as well as to proves regarding its advantages in comparison to other syngas production methods, with the main goal to contribute to the advances in this research field.
Perspectivas do aprendizado de máquina no ensino da Engenharia Química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Ishida, Denise Miki Tawaraya; Lima, Alice Medeiros de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038936541518854; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4916944201122614
Machine learning is an area of Artificial Intelligence that can predict results from a large set of data. Therefore, many areas are already benefiting from this new technology, such as credit analysis companies that use this mechanism for fraud detection, entertainment services for a recommendation system and in medicine for disease diagnosis. Currently, machine learning is not very often used in Chemical Engineering, but there are some studies with applications in the area that demonstrate that it can be a tool with great potential for Chemical Engineering. This work is a bibliographical review to understand more about machine learning, what is the learning process, the main tools and studies to exemplify these possible applications of machine learning in Chemical Engineering and emphasize its importance. Because of this potential, it is interesting to approach the subject in the learning of Chemical Engineering so students can have greater contact with machine learning and apply this knowledge in the industry. With this in mind, this work suggests some changes in the curriculum of Chemical Engineering students at Universidade Federal de São Carlos to include machine learning in the Chemical Engineering education
Transformações nos perfis dos reitores e presidentes de instituições de ensino superior da região sudeste brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Freitas, Rafael de; Silva, Márcio Rogério; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6859176963189141; Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194644249955417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6326734661226697
This paper investigates the transformations in the last 30 years in the Rectors' and Presidents' profiles of higher education institutions in the southeastern region of Brazil based on the analysis of their trajectories. It uses as theoretical reference the contributions of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and his studies on the university field in order to identify possible changes in the forms of capital accumulation in these institutions. For this study, a prosopographical research was carried out based on data obtained from the Lattes curricula and, for data analysis, the technique of multiple correspondence analysis - MCA - was applied. A change was observed especially in the rectors of federal universities, who proceeded to have a trajectory of greater accumulation of scientific capital and university management.
Estratégias de pré-tratamento de biomassa lignocelulósica para melhorar a produção de biogás e bioquímicos em biorrefinarias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Nakaema, Hugo; Rosa, Paula Rúbia Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4284223404098079; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9889069434704566
The search for sustainability and for alternative sources that minimize the environmental impacts associated with conventional sources of energy and chemicals has been growing and gaining more and more space in the current world scenario. Studies regarding the search for profitable and effective solutions for the reuse of waste have been on the rise in recent years, especially those that use lignocellulosic biomass from agribusiness. These wastes can be treated through anaerobic digestion as a way to reduce environmental impacts and energy use. However, due to the complexity of the existing interactions in the lignocellulosic structure, it is necessary to use pre-treatments that perform the dissociation or disruption of constituents (cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose) of lignocellulosic biomass. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the pretreatment methods developed for the main feedstocks in biorefineries, which is a crucial step to trigger and enable the production of biogas resulting from anaerobic digestion, highlighting the effectiveness, limitations and challenges of these techniques. Among the existing techniques, microwave, ultrasonic and combined pretreatment are promising, mainly for their high effectiveness on a variety of lignocellulosic biomass. For the same substrate, wheat straw, the steam explosion method resulted in the highest methane yield by providing a 94.5% increase in gas production. Regarding hydrogen, the microwave pretreatment showed higher production compared to other methods, producing a total of 131.7 mL of H2/g substrate. Although the studies reported in this review show the increase in biogas yield when the pretreatments are used, the use of these techniques on an industrial scale is still a challenge due to the obstacles concerning the process and the structure of the lignocellulosic biomass.
O cotidiano de pessoas em uso problemático de álcool e outras drogas e a terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Faria, Paula de Fátima Oliveira; Lussi, Isabela Aparecida de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8121264125922144; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8497965429391536
As it is a cross-cutting theme in several areas such as health, justice, education, social assistance and development, the problematic use of alcohol and other drugs requires an understanding of the factors that make up the daily lives of people who do such use. The concept of daily life is understood as a key-concept that refers to the production of knowledge and practices in occupational therapy, and is linked to the research theme that we proposed to investigate. The research was developed through two complementary studies, Study 1 aimed to investigate the role of occupational therapists with people in psychological distress resulting from the use of alcohol and other drugs, focusing on daily life. Study 2 had as general objective to understand the daily life of people in psychological distress resulting from the use of alcohol and other drugs linked to a CAPS AD (Alcohol and Drugs Psychosocial Care Center), from their perspective. Study 1 was based on the investigation of the performance of occupational therapists in the state of São Paulo, CAPS AD workers, focusing on the daily lives of people who make problematic use of alcohol and other drugs. Study 2 was based on contact with people who make problematic use of alcohol and other drugs linked to a CAPS AD in the interior of the state of São Paulo, through participant observation. Data collection for Study 1 was based on a semi-structured questionnaire sent by email with the Google Forms link. For data collection from Study 2, field diary records and complementary open interviews were used. Twelve occupational therapists working at CAPS AD in the state of São Paulo participated in Study 1, and in Study 2, six people with problematic use of alcohol and other drugs. The data produced were analyzed using thematic analysis, and for the analysis of Study 2 we anchored in the perspective of Agnes Heller's Theory of Everyday Life.The results of Study 1 pointed to five categories of analysis: Concept of Daily Life; Territory conception and performance in the perspective of daily life; Daily Activities and Occupations; The Centrality of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Daily Life and Stigma. The vast majority of occupational therapists reported that understanding, problematizing and expanding the daily life of people in psychological distress due to the problematic use of alcohol and other drugs is an ethical-political challenge, making it necessary to identify the immediacy of the AD clinic and expand care beyond the survival of these people through the rescue of life history, affections, desire and creation. The results of Study 2 revealed that people with problematic use of alcohol and other drugs perceive themselves as stigmatized, link the use to the context of violence, experienced mainly in family relationships, as well as the lack of guarantee of basic rights in childhood is directly related to living on the street. They refer that the context of gender and police violence mark their daily lives. The reports registered that the CAPS AD works in the daily life of this population, guaranteeing rights and encouraging protagonism and, finally, they showed the means found for survival on the street, in relation to basic rights such as housing, food, among others. We hope that this research can help to understand the daily lives of people in psychological distress resulting from the problematic use of alcohol and other drugs and contribute to directing Occupational Therapy actions focusing on the daily lives of this population.
Panorama de expansão de geração de energia através de painéis fotovoltaicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Bianco Neto, Arnaldo; Albuquerque, Andrei Aparecido de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9667573506903226
Starting with a brief explanation about the excitation of electrons in valence and conduction band when a pn junction of a silicon crystal semiconductor with impurities is enlightened, which its working state in reverse bias is similar to the one of a diode, the theory that allows the usage of solar modules to create tension and current was developed, as well as the maximum power point under work. Following in an technical and objective manner, a small sized installation project for households was designed under few simple premises and that were able to supply the average residential consumption for any of the country’s geographic areas so that it allows to determine where would happen the minor and major impacts of such installation of a decentralized generating power unit regardless of its proportions. Through official government ministry’s data, future value expectancy information was extracted, from both electrical bills and consumption. It let testing and project’s validation that it was capable of providing sufficient electrical power to the average residential consumption even though there is variability in the solar radiation on the territory. North and Northeast regions had the highest and lowest relative raises in the bills’ prices (before taxes) until the suggested mark at the year of 2028. With the targets for a full analysis completely defined, economic viability indicators for both were observed, such as internal return rate and discounted payback time for a minimum attractive rate of return based on the review of a wind project (Macedo, Albuquerque e Moralles, 2015). The North hit an internal rate of return of 12,83% with a discounted payback time of 9 years and 8 months for an amount of produced energy able to supply for over two average households in the region. However, in the Northeast, the internal rate of return was 7,01% and the time it took to pay the invested capital was 13 years and 1 month, nonetheless it was capable to supply around three houses with an average consumption that was found. Lastly, the environment is conducive to sustain the growth rate seen in the literature review by many reasons that aren’t all related to an strategical economical decision and this mood could be backed up by certain political choices highlighted in this and other researches on the Brazilian energy matrix.
Avaliação da levedura rizoférica Torulaspora globosa como indutora de resistência sistêmica em milho contra o patógeno Fusarium verticillioides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Colombini, Fernanda de Sousa; Rosa-Magri, Márcia Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4166319985147604; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8540782774506115
In maize, one of the most consumed vegetables in the world, numerous applications of agrochemicals are used to control phytopathogens that cause damage to human health and the environment. Among the main diseases affecting the crop, the fungus Fusarium verticillioides is responsible for causing root, stem and ear rot, in addition to causing damage to stored grains. Plants, naturally exposed to environmental stresses, have defense mechanisms that remain inactive or latent until triggered by adverse conditions. One of these mechanisms is known as Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR). Chemical agents such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or biological agents such as plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) can be used to trigger ISR. Although several works show the potentialities of ISR by PGPB, the study of the action of yeasts responsible for such mechanisms is still not completely elucidated. Considering the above, this study aimed to evaluate the capacity of the rhizospheric yeast Torulaspora globosa (strain 6S01) to trigger ISR in maize, in order to promote an immune response to the phytopathogen F. verticillioides. Therefore, maize plants were grown in pots, in a greenhouse, where they received the following treatments (at planting and from 4 days after emergence, every two days, for 11 days, totaling 7 applications): control (saline solution 0.85%), ASA solution (100mg/L), yeast cells (1x105 cells/ml) and yeast metabolites (filtered from the yeast growth medium for 48 hours). Treatments were applied with a spray bottle (5 ml/plant). After finishing the application of treatments, the plants were inoculated with 1ml of suspension of spores of the pathogen F. verticillioides (1x106 spores/ml). Ten days after fungus inoculation, the plants were analyzed for the degree of severity of symptoms of rot, plant development and activity of enzymes related to the plant defense system. The results show that, with the application of T. globosa yeast cells, systemic resistance was induced in maize plants, similarly to the use of ASA. The inoculation of yeast cells provided infected plants with less symptoms of rot and with greater activity for enzymes related to plant resistance. Therefore, it is concluded that the species of T. globosa (strain 6S01) has great potential to be used in agriculture as a plant protection agent, contributing to the decrease in the use of fungicides in the field and maintenance of plant productivity under conditions of stress.
Uso de aplicativos para o ensino de Matemática na EJA: possibilidades e desafios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Rossi, Nara Venâncio; Fernandes, Jarina Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6612611612919706; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7288550142825245
This final course paper aims to investigate the possibilities of using applications for the development of digital skills, mathematical literacy skills and learning satisfaction in EJA classes described in articles, dissertations and monographs. A qualitative, bibliographical research of exploratory nature was carried out, for data analysis the steps of reading by Gil (2017) were followed. As a result, we have that the use of applications contributed to the development of skills by providing means of accessing the internet and the use of computers and cell phones, by promoting reflection on how technology contributes to solving problems; to provide reflection on the different ways that Mathematics is inserted in people's lives, its usefulness and contributions; understand concepts and master procedures necessary to know how to do mathematics; by arousing students' interest and curiosity, combined with useful and meaningful knowledge. It is concluded that the use of applications for teaching mathematics in EJA brings more possibilities than challenges.
Avaliação agronômica de variedades e híbridos de brócolo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Colombo, Gustavo Henrique; Sala, Fernando César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3682371647989485
Broccoli is a vegetable originally cultivated in regions with mild climate, a factor that makes so that its offer may be harmed by climatic variations resulting from the seasons of the year and the growing regions. Cultivars adapted to greater thermal amplitudes are already found in the Brazilian market, however, on a smaller scale, emphasizing the importance of of genetic improvement in the development of tropicalized cultivars that bring innovations to the vegetable market. That said, the present work aimed to evaluate the performance production of experimental hybrids of tropicalized purple broccoli, originated in UFSCar/Araras vegetable genetic improvement program, compared to varieties and commercial hybrids. The test took place in the city of Araras/SP, between 02/03/2020 and 07/08/2020, under a randomized block design with 3 replications and 11 genotypes, totaling 33 plots each consisting of 4 plants. The analyzed cultivars were commercial cultivars Hanapon, Hanabi, Seattle, Piracicaba, Santana, Calabrese and Goliath, and the experimental hybrids named 182, 132, 151 and 401. The mass parameters were evaluated total freshness, number of harvests carried out, number of secondary inflorescences, radius of main and secondary inflorescences, as well as length and diameter of the peduncles major and minor. The results were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test, obtaining means for the genotypes whose differences were compared through the test of Scott-Knott at 5% significance. The results obtained showed the suitability of the hybrids experimental 182, 132, 151 and 401, for planting during the summer in the state of São Paulo. Hybrid 182 stood out, which performed better than the commercial hybrid Hanapon regarding the total fresh mass and the number of secondary inflorescences, being similar to the hybrid Hanabi in these same parameters and, still, not showing segregation for the color and granulometry characteristics. Therefore, it was found that the experimental hybrid 182 is suitable for the growing conditions of the country, configuring a F1 hybrid of tropicalized purple broccoli, a new cultivar for the Brazilian market.
Limites do modelo de ligação enzima-substrato “chave-fechadura” para o ensino de Ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Pelentir, Gabriel Felder; Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0081291957122371
A very common problem in contemporary society and evidenced by the current global health crisis, the growth of scientific illiteracy and the social and political problems arising from it .It shows nothing more than the failure of teaching, in general, to provide critical scientific education. In this work, it was assumed that teaching with a historical approach can be a viable solution to this problem. Therefore, the historical construction of enzyme-substrate binding models was analyzed in the Ludwik Fleck's epistemology perspective, also the way this subject is treated in two textbooks present in the PNLD. The method of collection and analysis used in this work was qualitative research through document analysis. It was concluded that textbooks, in addition to treating the subject in a completely ahistorical and fragmented way, fail to address concepts that are essential for a consistent understanding of enzyme-substrate binding models and enzymes in general. In this regard, a historical approach in the light of Ludwik Fleck can solve the problems related to content and contribute to the formation of more scientifically more critical citizens.
Avaliação do uso de coletores solares para melhoria de um sistema de aquecimento de água em uma indústria de silicones de performance
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Pova, Allan Pedro Moreira; Queiroz, João Paulo Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7316247674511327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7955713521810996
Energy, air and water are primordial factors in human life and in the beginning of primitive society they had practically no costs and limitations, as they were easily accessible and used, especially in domestic activities. In the other side, because of the evolutions leveraged by the expansion of industrialization in the late eighteenth century, the world had its energy demand increased. As a result of this increased use of natural resources, there was an intensification of the types of damage to the environment. To reduce current patterns of electricity production and consumption based on fossil sources, it is necessary to encourage the use and development of technologies that include renewable energy. Solar collectors, examples of photovoltaic energy source, were studied in this Undergraduate Work as an alternative for improving a process water heating system in a performance silicone industry. This Undergraduate Work described the current problems of the water heating system utilized, which possess electrical resistances. In addition, it performed the thermal modeling of this system through the differential energy balance. From the differential balance, executed the sensitivity analysis of the system, varying parameters such as the volume of water in the heating tank and its electrical power. Finally, it studied the application of solar collectors as an alternative to increase the electrical power, including the preliminary exergy and economic analysis. The results obtained indicate that the current heating system has a long time for heating a load of 10000 kg up to 75°C, which is 10 hours. In addition, increasing the volume of the heating tank did not improved the heating time of the fluid in the reactor. However, doubling the system power to 108 kW presented a significant gain in heating time, with a 60% decrease. The use of solar collectors as an alternative to increase power proved to be positive, having a project payback time of 6 years and 9 months, annual profit of R$ 9956 and a higher exergy efficiency (19,2%) when compared to the resistances system exergy efficiency (17,9%).
Modelo dialógico de prevenção e resolução de conflitos: é possível utilizá-lo como superação da violência causada em trotes universitários?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Vicente, Nathália Elisa Ferreira; Bozzini, Isabela Custódio Talora; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0853746645322544; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1246521001603504
This theoretical essay aims to present the Dialogical Model of Conflict Prevention and Resolution (DPRM) as an alternative to overcome the violence that can occur in university pranks, considering the gender issue. To this end, first, general aspects of the problem of violence are presented, based on the WHO's position on the subject. Then, considering that we are socialized by violence, we bring dialogical possibilities of preventive socialization that combat violence committed against women. Finally, listing the principles of Dialogical Learning on which the MDPRC is based, we argue that it is possible to overcome conflictual relationships and prevent gender violence in university pranks with solidarity and love.
Síntese e caracterização de partículas Janus (Si-Au)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Zotelli, Maiara; Machry, Karine; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8863820504316400; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244585450324868
Janus are colloidal particles with more than a single type of chemistry or surface composition, and can be of diferent sizes and shapes. Their anisotropic structure (diferent characteristics in diferent directions) allows them to present multifunctional properties in the same particle, such as optical, chemical and magnetic properties, leading to several application opportunities, such as in industry and biomedicine. The purpose of this work was to develop a literature review on the main methodologies used to synthesize Janus particles, and also their main assembly properties in nanometric structures. In addition, it aimed to develop a methodology for the synthesis of Janus silica and gold (Si-Au) particles, using a Pickering emulsion with parafin and silica particles, followed by a process of functionalization of these particles exposed surfaces. Both silica and gold particles were obtained by chemical reaction. The silica particles were characterized in the equipment Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and was obtained an average aerodynamic diameter of 25.85 +/- 1.57 nm, while the gold particles were characterized by spectrophotometry and was obtained an average diameter of 16.61 +/- 0.33 nm. The parafin solution with silica particles was observed under an optical microscope and it was possible to visualize micrometric droplets of the Pickering solution and, subsequently, the solution without the parafin and with the addition of gold after the functionalization of the silica particles was observed. The characterizations were not performed by SEM due to the current pandemic situation, however, such particles will be characterized in the future, and the results showed the attainment of Janus Si-Au particles. Although the application of Janus particles is not within the scope of this work, the methodology presented allows synthesizing such particles in large laboratory quantities, in the gram scale, and can be easily replicated and could also come to be scaled-up at an industrial level. Janus Si-Au particles have several application potentials, such as surfactants in oil-water emulsions, and many others in biomedicine and agriculture.
Avaliação da segurança de trabalho em biorrefinarias de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Maeda, Kelly; Rosa, Paula Rúbia Ferreira; Rosa, Paula Rúbia Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4284223404098079; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2601340734605483
The growing increase in cases of work accidents has been registered, also resulting in an increase in deaths in Brazil. This implies the need for specific risk assessment in order to define mitigation measures that can minimize the impact of hazards on workers' health. Through this study, it will be possible to assess the risks to which the alcohol, sugar and biogas production industries are subjected, their scientific and technological advances in terms of safety and then propose an ideal biorefinery prototype in terms of industrial safety through recommendation of a series of preventive measures. For this, surveys of accidents registered in these sectors were carried out, both in Brazil and around the world, through a literature review that included 22 publications, including articles, TCCs, dissertations and theses, in addition to safety manuals. There was an absence of Brazilian studies related to safety in biogas production, while studies on the sugar and alcohol industry were concentrated in the state of São Paulo. Regarding the main hazards found in the production of biogas and in sugar and ethanol plants, there are explosions and problems related to high temperatures, respectively. To avoid them, pressure and temperature control valves, gas leak monitoring systems and, mainly, management focused on the maintenance and training of workers are needed. For the creation of integrated and safe plants, a series of prevention measures that can suit both are necessary, indicating that good industrial safety practices apply in both cases.
Multiplicidade dos padrões de sustentabilidade na indústria global de óleo de palma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Hidalgo, Laura Mercedes Grimaldo; Faria, Rosane Nunes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1172221536399083; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3942991015245044
The growing impact on the environment of the global production of agricultural commodities has created new regulations that aim at a more sustainable production. Thus, sustainability standards (SS) are seen as a tool for transnational trade governance because they increase the possibility that commercialized products come from sustainable sources. However, there is currently a proliferation of SS in almost every industry. This dissertation examined the palm oil market, an important and rapidly growing industry worldwide. Hence, it proposed to explore the ways in which SS multiplicity affects trade costs. The study took into account the major SS in global palm oil production such as Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil - RSPO; International Standard for Carbon Certification - ISCC; Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials – RSB; Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil – ISPO and Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil - MSPO. An analytical model was developed that seeks to establish the potential effects of the SS multiplicity on trade costs. By considering the interactions between patterns such as competition, cooperation, and overlap, the model assesses the possible direct and indirect effects on trade costs for producers. The results point out high overlap and balanced co-opetition (a phenomenon that combines competition and cooperation) in the standard market. Private standards had a low potential to create trade costs on its members, especially the RSPO. However, ISPO had the greatest potential to cause trade costs due to its low levels of cooperation and overlap. Furthermore, the results showed that the dynamics of co-opetition would be generating learning and innovation processes in the standard market without ceasing the competition for new members. Finally, this type of interaction still drives an increase in certification, implementation and packaging costs for producers.
Adaptação de dois programas psicoeducativos para pessoas que cuidam de familiares com transtorno neurocognitivo maior (demência): ComTato e iSupport
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Campos, Camila Rafael Ferreira; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3514026422949214
The psychoeducational programs that are offered to caregivers who assist a family member with a major neurocognitive disorder (NCD, or dementia) typically have only modest effects on the mental health of the participants. The programs with the strongest effects are based on the cognitive-behavior therapy model of behavior change, and address context-specific demands. Two programs with these same characteristics are iSupport, a program prepared for the World Health Organization (WHO), and ComTato, a Brazilian program. Given their potential to contribute to caregivers’ mental health, it is important to obtain further evidence about the effects of these programs. With respect to iSupport, an on-line, self-help program, the objective was to evaluate an adapted version of the program, for use in Brazil (Studies 1 and 2). With respect to the ComTato program, offered via synchronous and individualized sessions, the objective was to evaluate the effects of this program, when offered on-line (Studies 3 and 4). In Study 1, the iSupport material, written in English, was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and the text was revised by experts in Gerontology. Next, nine (ex)caregivers assisting a family member with a major NCD and six healthcare professionals working with the elderly examined the material individually and then discussed their suggestions for the program in focus groups. These suggestions were analyzed by the research team for this project, and then approved by the WHO, resulting in the first Brazilian version of this program. In Study 2, the acceptability and usability of the iSupport-BR program were evaluated by five caregivers of people with a major NCD, after they used the program via a digital platform. Their evaluations were positive, and further changes to the program were made in response to suggestions they made that were approved by the research team. In Study 3, to examine the effects of the ComTato program, an experimental, multiple-baseline research design was used. Participants were 22 family caregivers who assisted an elderly person with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Seven caregivers started in the control group (CG), then entered the intervention group (IG); thus there were 15 caregivers in the IG, and 14 in the CG. Evaluations were made of the caregivers’ knowledge about AD and other topics related to the socioemotional demands of caregiving, burden, coping strategies, quality of the caregiver-older person relationship, and perceptions of the effects and acceptability of the intervention program. Based on comparisons of the pre and posttest scores for the IG caregivers, differences were found for most of the measures, with effect sizes that were moderate to large, indicating important benefits for the participants of the ComTato program. These benefits were confirmed based on a comparison of the changes observed for the caregivers in the IG and the CG. In Study 4, effects of the ComTato program using the new, on-line format were compared with results from previous studies, using an in-person format. The caregivers who received in-person visits had larger gains in knowledge for some concepts, compared to the caregivers who participated on-line. However, no differences were found for the socioemotional variables, suggesting that both formats are effective. The positive effects of these two programs, iSupport BR and ComTato, increase the evidence that supports the possibility of offering these programs to caregivers assisting a family member with a major NCD. In addition, these results add examples and increase our knowledge about the adaptation of intervention programs in prevention and promotion of mental health, in Brazil.
Análise da condutividade elétrica aparente do solo por indução: perspectivas das correlações com os elementos físicos e químicos do solo em áreas de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-06-28) Jacobassi, Gustavo Cândido; Cursi, Danilo Eduardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6082335304086716; Hoffmann, Hermann Paulo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2564100797227851; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8742241935879438
The sampling and analysis of agricultural soils are important processes for characterizing the physical and chIEMcal properties of agricultural soil. The soil apparent electrical conductivity (CEa) is influenced by several interrelated properties, and considers spatial variability in its measurements. Seeking to understand possible correlations between the values of CEa in the soil and the results of soil sampling, two experiments were carried out, located in different regions in the state of São Paulo, with different soil classes. Using the EM38-MK2® electromagnetic induction (IEM) sensor, it was possible to perform measurements in the entire area of interest, with a high data density, which were superimposed on the representative areas of each soil sample collected in a regular grid, resulting in a mean CEa value for each soil sample. Thus, strong, moderate and weak positive and negative correlations were seen between the physical and chIEMcal elements of the soil and the CEa, measured in two depth ranges (0.75 m and 0.375 m). The most significant correlations were observed between CEa and physical attributes (fine sand, coarse sand, total sand, silt and clay), especially in experimental area 1. As for chIEMcal attributes, additional studies should be carried out to demonstrate their efficiency of measurement, since opposite results were found at different depths of measurements by the sensor, mainly in sandy textured soil.