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Detecção de postagens com informações falsas sobre a pandemia do Covid-19 na rede social Instagram
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-05) Cabral, Mateus Oliveira; Ciferri, Ricardo Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8382221522817502; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8893072052840604
This dissertation addresses the detection of false information on Instagram, the social network that has been growing more and more compared to other social media platforms. Because it is a social network with multimedia content (image, video and text), but with an emphasis on posting photos, there are few scientific research on the impacts of posts with false information that this network provides on society. This happens mainly in times of political elections or in historical events, when there is a great demand for information. Therefore, this Master’s research had as its domain the health area, with emphasis on the subject of the COVID-19 pandemic, a subject of extreme importance and big social impact. Many studies address various techniques for identifying fake news articles and/or fake posts on social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Youtube and Whatsapp.Some studies focus on the content of the news, other studies focus on the social context through information from social networks that involves sentiment analysis, while for other studies the focus is on the temporal, which is also very much analyzed on the dynamics of posts on the social network. In this Master’s research, the source chosen to extract study data has a functional dynamic that is completely different from other social networks. Sharing the phenomena that impact the dispersion of news on social media does not work in the same way on Instagram. In addition, the posted images may contain text within the images, which creates the need to use Optical Character Recognition (OCR) based tools to extract the texts, and only then compare the extracted information in posts in Portuguese to classify whether it is false or true information. Another problem, in addition to the lack of research on false information related to Instagram, is the existence of few content datasets in Portuguese for analysis and benchmark of false information detection models, especially those containing images. The aim of this Master’s research was to investigate the detection of posts in Portuguese with false information about the COVID-19 pandemic on the Instagram social network. In this sense, the research resulted in the proposal of a machine learning model that allows the detection of false information. In addition, this research performed the compilation of a dataset related to COVID-19 to be made available for future investigations into fake content on the Instagram social network. The model was validated through experimental tests with real data. The results showed an accuracy between 96% and 99% in detecting posts with false information about COVID-19.
Análise de uma implementação distribuída do algoritmo de detecção de novidade em fluxos de Dados MINAS para detecção de intrusão em um ambiente de névoa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-05) Puhl de Souza, Luís Henrique; Senger, Hermes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3691742159298316; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6871990866953300
The ongoing implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) is sharply increasing the number and variety of small devices on edge networks. Likewise, the attack opportunities for hostile agents also grows, requiring more effort from network administrators and strategies to detect and react to those threats. For a network security system to operate in the context of fog and IoT, it has to comply with processing, storage, and energy requirements alongside traditional requirements for stream and network analysis like accuracy and scalability. Using a previously defined architecture (IDSA-IoT), we address the construction and evaluation of a support mechanism for distributed Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) based on the MINAS Data Stream Novelty Detection algorithm. We discuss the algorithm steps, how it can be deployed in a distributed environment, the impacts on the accuracy, and evaluate performance and scalability using a cluster of constrained devices commonly found in IoT scenarios. The obtained results show equivalent metrics in the distributed version but also a reduction in the execution time using low-profile devices. Although not efficient, the parallel version showed to be viable as the proposed granularity provides equivalent accuracy and the same response times.
Recurso didático como facilitador no ensino de genética: uma perspectiva no campo da inclusão educacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-05) Antonio, Bárbara Cunha Padilha; Freitas, Denise de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3330976062026878; Peripato, Andréa Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0657713343451089; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3220595245803743
The New Biology has had a lot of visibility in the media. This theme integrates current technologies related to DNA and their new applications in the field of genetics. Any questioning about the scientific advance in technologies related to this area has guided ethical and social issues to the scientific world. Several studies related to teaching in the area of genetics converge in saying that this is considered difficult for students to learn, including students with vision difficulties. Thus, it is important to apply methodologies and use tools that support their understanding. In this context, didactic resources are great options as aids for content consolidation and to allow students to interact in the classroom, also helping in educational inclusion. The present work had as its general objective to verify the understanding of the difficulties and possibilities by Science and Biology teachers, from public and private schools, about an inclusive teaching resource elaborated from low-cost materials, designed for people with visual impairment - blind or with low vision - built to assist in learning a genetics content in basic education classrooms. The resource was made to work on concepts from Mendel's first law, with emphasis on the genotype/phenotype and dominance/recessiveness relationship. The phenotype selected was sensitivity to Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). Styrofoam spheres and biscuit dough were used for its construction to represent the cell and its receptor, and biscuit with adhered beads to represent the genotypes (chromosomes/alleles). Data were obtained through an online questionnaire in order to obtain the teachers' evaluations (n=10) about the resource, and for its analysis the methodological instrument of Content Analysis by Laurence Bardin (2002) was used. As primary results of the research, it was found that the constructed didactic resource can be an important element that facilitates the understanding of concepts considered complex, of abstractions, promoting a more significant learning, which may help in inclusion and requiring initial and continued training in addition to planning teachers to use and build effective resources.
Dispositivos computacionais e paralisia cerebral: uma revisão de literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-05) Oliveira, Amanda Bueno de; Lourenço, Gerusa Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1474728505225459; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7843070934483107
Introduction: Upon the advances on the use and development of technologies over the past decades, the access to the computer has been expanded and employed as a tool for literacy, socialization, leisure, communication, memory and ensuring greater accessibility and autonomy to users with disabilities, such as cerebral palsy. Distinct software and hardware adaptations can be implemented to guarantee that, taking notice of solutions that best adjust to the individual’s skills and the settings that surround their daily life, as the clinic, home and school. Knowing that the computer can be employed as Assistive Technology (AT) or accessed through an AT device, and understanding the potencial these interactions hold, one of the qualified professionals to mediate the selection and training in the use of the selected resources is the occupation therapist. Aim: This study aimed to identify in the national and international literature how the use of computing devices by cerebral palsy users is depicted, comprehending the stipulated goal of the user’s computer use in the intervention process and which devices mediate that access; another objective was identifying the participation of Occupational Therapy in the studies. Methods: Being described as a systematic review of the literature, the search occurred in March of 2021, detecting records published from 2016 to 2020, through the Portal de Periódicos da CAPES and SciELO databases; the articles were screened based on PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 102 articles were identified, considering the chosen keywords in portuguese and english, amongst those, 31 records were in the review’s final sample. The texts brought devices and sensors that captured and evaluated the appendicular movement, gaze-based movement and electromagnetic waves as computer access devices, focused on the user’s rehabilitation and communication process. Discussion: Technology’s fast evolution enables it’s continuous adaptation in order to better meet the needs of each user, facilitating their engagement by connecting them with society and presenting a wide range of interactive and accessible activities that permit their autonomy, especially when combined with the training of the device’s use and the inclusion of the user during the process of choosing the device and their objectives towards it. Conclusion and final considerations: Although the study’s limitations, it was possible to see the overall picture of computing device’s use with people with cerebral palsy, unfolding not only the potential of such technologies, but also the adjustments that are still in development to further expand their accessibility.
Mapeamento do fluxo de valor: obstáculos, potencialidades e benefícios na cafeicultura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-05) Carrijo, Pâmella Rodrigues Silva; Batalha, Mario Otávio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197899217674401
Lean Production has been standing out, especially in the industry, as a strategy to increase productivity. However, there is a great potential for the use of its tools and principles in other economic sectors, such as, for example, the agriculture and cattle raising sector. Aiming to contribute to the effort to explore this potential, this dissertation has as general objective to propose adaptations to the Value Stream Mapping tool (VSM) of the Lean Production System to the agricultural production, more specifically to the coffee culture. Therefore, a case study was conducted in a coffee producing farm, located in the southeast region of the country, aiming to collect the necessary data for the construction of maps adapted to the tool. The VSM tool was chosen through a systematic literature review, which identified and analyzed the use of the Lean Production System in agriculture, seeking to determine the tools used with greater recurrence in rural production. Based on the data collected with the case study, it was possible to identify obstacles, potentialities, and benefits of using the proposed tool. A graphic presentation of the Current and Future State Map proposed by the research was presented, as well as propositions that attempted to demonstrate how the tool can help reduce waste in the coffee culture. The adaptations proposed in this study aimed to adapt the tool to an agricultural context, resulting in a visual agricultural process mapping model which is easy to apply. The research concluded that the VSM tool can also be used in agriculture, more specifically in the coffee culture, as suggested in the literature.
O conhecimento sobre a ecologia e biodiversidade de aves por alunos do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-05) Soares, Talita Pereira; Batisteli, Augusto Florisvaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2107797655834765; Sarmento, Hugo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515469289999439
The human impact are increasingly intense worldwide, demanding a new attitude from society in relation to the environment. In Brazil, a relationship of greater concern with environmental issues has been growing over the last years. Thus, the importance of having environmental education teaching in scholar curriculum increases in order to create critical and reflective citizens capable of finding a way to reduce the human impact on the environment. This is the objective of Environmental Education in schools, but this theme is still underdeveloped, with a great distance between people and the reality on the ground. Likewise, the popular knowledge of students is little explored in general themes when it comes to the subject of ecology and biology of birds. The objective of this study was to address the knowledge of bird ecology and biology in the seventh year of the elementary school in a state public school in São Carlos, São Paulo state, Brazil. I applied a questionnaire containing subjective and objective questions evidencing the knowledge of the birds of each student. When analyzing the obtained responses, I found that the students had a reasonable knowledge on bird names. Analyzing the answers on bird species identification based on their pictures, in relation to the species cited by them, I noticed that many students could not identify the species cited in the previous question. However, when assessing the questions on the characteristics on the species and their biology, I realized the poor knowledge of the students, which did not corroborate the responses to the questions on identification and citation of species names. This study suggest that better results can reach if the students have an approximation to the ecological and biological concepts that involve their popular knowledge about birds, embracing other curricular topics. In this way, we can build a way in which this generation has a greater understanding of the anthropic impacts that have been happening over thousands of years and how they can change this scenario.