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Implementação da Política Nacional para População em Situação de Rua: uma análise sob a perspectiva dos arranjos institucionais e das capacidades estatais (2009-2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-16)
Baroni, William
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Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0069121941031731
This work aimed to comprehend the process of implementation of the National Policy for the Homeless Population considering the institutional arrangement in which it is inserted, and the identification of the state capabilities that were generated through them, and how it affected the process of implementation, given the observed results. For this, we began by presenting the main characteristics of the homeless population, approaching the repressive treatment that this population has received by the State throughout history. The higher marks of the trajectory of the fight of this population seeking recognition and achievement of rights were presented. Moreover, the process of the entrance of the demands of this population into the governmental agenda and the process of building the National Policy for the Homeless Population was also discussed. A brief discussion about the public policies and the concept of state capabilities was also performed, presenting a model for analyzing these capabilities. Following the model presented, firstly, the objectives and goals of the policy were identified, so the institutional arrangement was mapped, considering the actors, institutions, and relationships present in the process of implementing this policy. Based on the institutional arrangement mapped, the generated state capacities were identified and analyzed, being this analysis based on the results already identified with this policy implementation. As a way of data collection, the documentary research was performed in legislation and government databases. Based on the analysis performed, it was found that the capacities generated were enough to meet most of the objectives and goals of the National Policy for the Homeless Population. Besides that, it was observed a serious risk of regression with the freeze measures of the social spending and with the reduction of the user’s participation during monitoring the implementation of this policy, which can negatively impact the state capabilities.
Caracterização eletroquímica do eletrólito sólido NASICON Li1,5Al0,5Ge1,5(PO4)3 (LAGP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-17)
Zallocco, Vinicius Martins
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Bocchi, Nerilso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5930614700886481
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Rodrigues, Ana Candida Matins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4499231813051400
Solutions to the environmental and social challenges of postmodern society converge on a common point: sustainability. Doing more with less and using environmentally friendly materials is imperative. Energy storage is critical to today's society. Some state-of-the-art limits for the current lithium-ion batteries need to be overcome in this scenario, including greater operational safety. Many research groups study several alternatives. Thus, this work aims to contribute to the development of improved solid-state batteries. Among the plentiful factors that contribute to the correct functioning of a battery, the electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte is one of them. In solid electrolytes, in general, this electrochemical stability window is overestimated due to the slow solid-state reaction kinetics. In fact, methods employing computer simulation have shown that the electrochemical stability of some solid electrolytes is lower than that estimated by experimental methods. Thus, the present work proposes studying the electrochemical stability window of the solid electrolyte NASICON Li1,5Al0,5Ge1,5(PO4)3 (LAGP) through cyclic voltammetry with three different cell configurations, one of which would be capable of detecting the real electrochemical stability window of solid electrolytes.
Pibid e saberes profissionais: uma análise desse paralelismo sob a ótica de professores em início de carreira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-17)
Joi, Stephanie Gonçalves
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Onofre, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7176529351192598
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9840185362964726
The beginning of teaching reveals itself as a phase under construction, permeated by challenges, perspectives and knowledge mobilized by teachers from different sources (historicity, training, experience). It is a transitional phase between initial training and professional practice considered decisive in the teaching career and, therefore, requires a look at research and discussions in the area. In view of this premise and aiming to collaborate with the deepening of research in this field, this study aims to analyze the parallelism between PIBID and professional knowledge, through the eyes of program graduates, contributing to the advancement of research in the field of teacher professionalization. The research outline is focused on the analysis of 15 beginning teachers, graduates of the Pedagogy/UFSCar course and who participated in the program, starting from the question about: what is the perspective of beginning teachers in relation to the professional knowledge that emerges from the actions of the PIBID/UFSCar Pedagogy and do they contribute to the initial training and professional performance of teachers at the beginning of their career? To answer this question, we will use as theoretical contributions and researchers in the area: Bozzini et al. (2018), Cruz et al. (2014), Gatti et al. (2014) and Sousa (2012; 2010) to discuss the historicity and contributions of PIBID; Tardif (1991, 2000, 2002) and Nóvoa (2009; 2019a; 2019b), to discuss teaching knowledge; Oliveira (2011), Mizukami, et al. (2014), for the discussion about teachers starting their careers. A qualitative research was carried out (BOGDAN AND BIKLEN, 1991; LUDKE AND ANDRÉ, 1986), and an exploratory-descriptive study (GIL, 2008; SELLTIZ et al. 1965), developed through questionnaires, with open and closed questions aimed at graduates in Pedagogy – UFSCar, PIBID graduates who participated in the program between 2015 and 2017. Based on these theoretical references, the data were analyzed and organized into five axes of analysis – identity profile of the participants; professional profile of the participants; vision of initial formation; view on participation in PIBID; vision of the experience/beginning of teaching. The results of the study show how the program offers numerous contributions to initial training and insertion into the teaching career, strengthening the parallel between training and profession; the construction of experiential knowledge enhanced by disciplinary and curricular knowledge; reflection on pedagogical practice; the use of different methodologies; the search for different teaching proposals and, consequently, greater security at the beginning of teaching.
Identificação automática de rampas de acessibilidade apoiada por visão computacional a partir de imagens panorâmicas street-level
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-17)
Olivatto, Tatiane Ferreira
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Melanda, Edson Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1554762456965991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9393161489259379
Despite the legal provision for accessibility in urban public spaces, most sidewalks in Brazil are not endorsed with accessibility curb ramps. For people with reduced mobility, especially wheelchair users, both the absence of accessibility ramps and the lack of knowledge about their presence or not in a given location, restricts independent urban mobility and often discourages the movement of these agents, causing exclusion in the process of urban spaces democratization. The lack of information related to the location of these infrastructures is mainly due to the reduced availability of databases that cover them. Despite initiatives to map them, many methodologies become technically or economically unfeasible, such as the use of satellite images and field surveys. At the same time, the use of street-level images combined with artificial intelligence techniques, such as computer vision and neural networks, have been widely used to collect data on urban infrastructure. Seeking an alternative to this issue, the objective of this work was to use street-level images to build a labelled image dataset and enable the identification of accessibility curb ramps on sidewalks through object detection. To this end, the work began by obtaining Google Street View panoramas in a strategic way, based on census information on the occurrence of ramps and population strata. The accessibility curb ramps identified in these images were manually labeled for the construction of that image database and used in the training and validation of a convolutional neural network of the YOLOv4 object detector. From then on, training was performed varying pre-processing techniques and training parameters, thus, it was found that the use of Tiling and the use of pre-trained weights resulted in an average validation accuracy of the order of 65%. The main limitation of the research occurred in this stage, due to computational memory limitations for processing. Tests indicated that the network detects objects with an average accuracy of 85%, identifying about 77% of the objects in the test set. The resulting convolutional weights allowed ramps detection with varied designs, however, the neural network had a lower performance in the evaluation of partially occluded slopes or in a poor state of conservation. During the experimental procedures, it was observed that the adoption of the 65% threshold for detection accuracy led to a better balance between the number of correct and incorrect detections, as well as to enable the identification of proportionally small objects. The labeled image dataset elaborated in this work is a relevant contribution, considering that there is currently no similar database for accessibility curb ramps that includes Brazilian cities. In addition, the detector trained to identify curb ramps on public sidewalks proved effective, enhancing future applications that may involve the mapping of these infrastructures, the inclusion of other classes and the development of more elaborate applications.
Autoeficácia docente na inclusão de estudantes com deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-18)
Paganotti, Emille Gomes
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Iaochite, Roberto Tadeu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3391637982920868
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Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1371315095038350
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) understands self-efficacy as a predictor of actions and behaviours adopted by people for a specific demand and context. Teaching activity is a specific occupation and is influenced by this construct. This research aimed to analyze the role of teaching self-efficacy in the inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities (ID) from a formative action based on collaborative consulting. Three elementary school teachers participated. The research is collaborative, that is, it is a process of joint construction. This process involves the teaching practice to students with intellectual disabilities and theoretical knowledge and reflections mediated by the researcher. First, we performed ethical procedures and the preparation of fieldwork. After the proper approvals, the research began with the elaboration, application and evaluation of a collaborative consulting program for the inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities. The instruments for data collection were: a questionnaire to characterize the participants and their actions for inclusion, a questionnaire to assess the Núcleo Comum, Escala de Eficácia Docente para Práticas Inclusivas de educandos com Deficiência Intelectual (EEDPI-DI), Protocolo de Observação de Situações Educacionais, Escala de Fontes de Autoeficácia Docente (EFAED) and a final evaluation questionnaire of the collaborative consulting program. The results showed that collaborative consulting proved to be an important strategy for promoting self-efficacy, especially during online teaching because of Covid-19 pandemia. There was an increase in self-efficacy perceived in all teachers who completed the collaborative consulting program. The sources of self-efficacy that were most evident in the teachers’ speeches were vicarious experience and social persuasion. The observation of models and study of contents about school inclusion were fundamental for building the perception of capacity and ability to include students with ID. The data also showed that feedback on the teaching work performed was an important element that can affect positively or negatively the actions achieved by the teachers. Based on the results found, this thesis discusses continuing teacher training for teachers whose goal is to include students with ID in regular classrooms. We also discussed the sources of self-efficacy present in the speeches of the teachers during their participation in the collaborative consulting program. This study has limitations, especially due to the small number of participants, whose data should not be generalized. Despite this situation, we believe that the relevance of this research is to produce knowledge about the role of self-efficacy of teachers to design strategies for the inclusion of students with ID in the studied city, considering the complexity and variability of situations and contexts where teaching is present. For future studies, we suggested the replication of the program developed here on a larger scale. In addition, the replication could be carried out with teachers from the final years of basic education. Moreover, this collaborative consulting program should be offered online, which may include professors from other Brazilian states.
Priorização otimizada de redes de transporte público por ônibus através de análise multicritério e algoritmo genético em Araraquara - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-18)
Borchers, Tatiane
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Ribeiro, Rochele Amorim
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7245761274405860
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5093971220777490
Prioritizing public transport modes allows reducing externalities caused by the intense use of individual motorized transport modes and increasing the social welfare of the population. Exclusive bus lanes are the simplest spatial prioritization model, allowing a reduction in travel times, an increase in the operational speed of buses, a reduction in fuel consumption and a decrease in pollutant emission levels. Large urban centres are the object of most studies and projects for implementing public transport prioritisation systems. However, medium-sized cities have the fastest growing population and in 2010 they already concentrated about a quarter of the Brazilian population. These cities have the unique opportunity to design public transport systems in time to avoid that the problems observed in large urban agglomerations reach them. This paper seeks to develop a decision-making model for the design problem of public transport network by bus, more precisely the determination of priority roads for implementing bus corridors or exclusive bus lanes. The scope of the work is medium-sized Brazilian cities, with the application of a case study in Araraquara, a medium-sized city in the interior of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The proposed model is composed of the combination of two methods, a multi-criteria analysis through AHP - Analytic Hierarchy Process, and an optimization method with solution through a genetic algorithm. The former simplifies the city’s road network, considering socioeconomic criteria, land use, infrastructure and operation of the existing public transport system; the latter provides a set of solutions for implementing exclusive lanes. Results show that roads selected through the AHP method correspond to traditional transport axes in the city and form a connected network, a desired characteristic of transport networks. Optimization results show a significant reduction in travel times, ranging from 9.45% or 21.88 minutes, in the smallest network resulting from the optimization (17.87km) to 23.61% or 54.66 minutes, if the most extensive network, composed of 44.64 kilometres of exclusive lanes, is considered. The combination of both methods for the decision-making process is one of the major contributions of this work, besides being one of the first applications of an optimization method with solution through genetic algorithm in a real network of a Brazilian city.
Fitas comestíveis de banana como veículos para probióticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-18)
Niro, Carolina Madazio
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Azeredo, Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8516223928904348
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4946495945164169
Considering the growing demand for products that simultaneously meet the requirements of healthiness, good sensory acceptance and convenience, snacks based on fruits or vegetables have been a strong market trend. Another trend is that of food containing probiotics. However, most probiotic foods available on the market are dairy products. With a large number of people with restrictions to the consumption of dairy products and even to animal-based products in general, there is a growing need to introduce non-dairy probiotic foods to the market. The objective of this project was to produce a probiotic banana leather. The fruit leathers were made from banana puree and a film forming matrix. Two matrices were compared – a digestible one (starch) and a non-digestible one (bacterial cellulose - BC), and two probiotic strains (one sporogenic and one non-sporogenic - Bacillus coagulans BC4 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-3, respectively), in addition to the presence of a plasticizer and prebiotic agent (yacon syrup). The different formulations were evaluated in terms of their physical properties and viability of the strains after oven drying at 50 °C, during storage at 25 °C and along the simulated passage through the gastrointestinal tract. The leathers presented tensile strength values between 1 and 3 MPa, the ones with BC showing significant higher strengths (p < 0.05), and the presence of probiotics significantly decreasing the tensile strength values. The shear force was also affected by the matrix (being higher for the BC-based leathers) and by the presence of L. acidophilus (which significantly decreased the shear force values). After the dehydration process, the viability of B. coagulans was reduced in about 1 log cycle when compared to that of the film-forming dispersion, showing about 7.6 log cfu g-1, while L. acidophilus did not show enough viability for counting (< 3 log cfu g-1). The viability of B. coagulans remained constant up to 187 days of storage at 25 °C. During the simulated passage through gastrointestinal tract, B. coagulans BC4 resisted well to the pH and enzimatic conditions of the stomach and duodenum, BC- and starch-based leathers released, respectively, 7.45 ± 0.12 e 7.77 ± 0.33 log cfu g-1 in the small intestine (without significant differences between matrices). Therefore, banana leathers can be promising non-dairy foods as carriers of B. coagulans BC4, however, L. acidophilus LA-3 could not be considered a suitable strain for the proposed process. It is recommended that a sensory analysis be carried out in the future with the different formulations of banana leathers to understand how differences in the texture can influence the product acceptance.
Busca de práticas pedagógicas de professores do ensino médio: racismo e intolerância na escola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-19)
Martins, Debora Andrade Chagas
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Campos, Douglas Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7847352503840983
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2114102846359314
This paper has the objective of looking into the development of pedagogical practices aimed at ethnic-racial education, racism overcoming and ethnic-racial differences valuing at school through documents and teachers’ testimonies. Firstly its specific objective is to analyze, from teachers’ perspective, whether Centro de Mídias São Paulo (CMSPP) has developed practices that address the ethnic-racial theme and if these practices are appropriate. Secondly, it seeks to verify whether the teachers had access to initial and/or continuing education focused on the ethnic-racial theme and the relationship between this access and the development of pedagogical practices. At last, the impacts on learning in the developed practices have been analyzed through teachers' testimonies. For this purpose, 12 high school teachers who work at a peripheral state school in Jahu, São Paulo countryside, took part. Those analyzes were carried out from theoretical references such as Franz Fanon (2008) and (2015), Kabenguele Munanga (1986) and (2004) and Nilma Lino Gomes (2012), as well as some documents. Law 10.639/03 and Opinion CNE/CP 003/04, that structure the initial theoretical basis of the research in the search for an understanding of racism, from its origin to the present day, reaching the school environment. Therefore, participatory research was adopted as methodology, characterized by a qualitative approach of a descriptive, exploratory and explanatory nature, pinpointing the data compilation process through a questionnaire and a partially structured interview. The achieved results indicate that CMSP has fulfilled properly its role regarded to the development of the topic, meaning that a great amount of teachers had access to ethnic-racial themes, whether in initial training and/or continuing education, however, these are still insufficient as development of pedagogical practices that address these themes and, finally, the practices developed by the teachers were significant to the students.
Teletrabalho no serviço público: estudo de caso em um campus do Instituto Federal de Educação de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-19)
Brizante, José Nilton Fuzaro
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Rigolin, Camila Carneiro Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2388584081961836
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8755180605160282
This work aims to deepen the theme of telework in public servisse brazilian, observing the potentials and gaps, aiming to analyze and describe the possible benefits for the institution, for the servers and for society as a whole, also highlighting the possible challenges and difficulties from the planning process to the implementation process and control. By conducting an exploratory research on the experience of the study on the possibility of implementing telework on a campus of the Federal Institute of Education of São Paulo, from 2019 to 2020, together with the literature review on the subject, mainly in recent scientific articles, qualitative interviews were carried out with those involved in the process, aiming to form the triangulation of data (research, observation and interview). In summary, it was possible to observe that the existence of a previous technical study contributed to the use of telework on that campus during the pandemic caused by Covid-19, even if in an emergency manner. It was also noted that even with some challenges and limitations, positive perceptions are superior compared to negative perceptions regarding the permanence and use of telework in the post-pandemic period.
Metodologia para avaliação de City Building Games (CBG) no contexto da mobilidade urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-19)
Lima, Bruno Joaquim
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Bueno, Cristiane
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2049901634471620
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Melanda, Edson Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1554762456965991
This dissertation seeks to propose a methodology for evaluating CBGs (City Building Games) that can help in the planning processes of urban mobility in Brazilian municipalities, from the perspective of National Urban Mobility Policy (PNMU). The criteria evaluated in the methodology are defined, based on Urban Mobility Plans (PMU) and Transit Oriented Development. Two of the main simulators, SC4 (SimCity 4) and C:S (Cities: Skylines), are evaluated based on the simulation of a region in the city of Araraquara. In this way, it is possible to compare the results and assess the strengths and weaknesses. The methodology allowed us to analyze the CBGs from the perspective of urban mobility, showing the various possibilities for building and evaluating scenarios and allowing the understanding of the impacts over time of a given set of actions. However, the games focus essentially on motorized vehicles (private or collective), leaving the means of active mobility as secondary and not even addressing the issue of universal accessibility for people with disabilities (important issues of PMU). Another important point to highlight is the purely economic view of the city in the context of these games, making it necessary to reflect on how the proposed interventions will affect the social and political dimensions of the affected community.
A recepção criativa de “L’Étranger” em “Meursault, contre-enquête” de Kamel Daoud
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-19)
Pimentel, Gabriel Dias
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Nascimento, Luís Fernandes dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3654785629696808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9400673717326429
The present work proposes to develop a brief analysis of the different forms of interpretation of the work L’Etranger (1942) by the Franco-Algerian writer Nobel Prize for Literature Albert Camus. Based on the panorama of his critical fortune, we enter into the analysis two works directly influenced by Camus, namely the novel Meursault, contre-enquête (2014) by the writer Kamel Daoud and the song As caravanas (2017) by the Brazilian multiartist Chico Buarque de Hollanda. In this analytical path, we will enter into how postmodern parody and fictional testimony are fundamental points in the work of Daoud and the critical reinterpretation of Brazilian social relations will be the song of Hollanda. Our theoretical foundation, in addition to the critical fortune of the source text of Camus, will be based on the theoretical basis of the author Linda Hutcheon (1985; 1991), to discuss her postmodernity, Márcio Seligmann-Silva (2005) and Beatriz Sarlo (2007) contributing to the status of testimony, among others authors who contributed in different ways to build the critical fortune of the three works worked and guide the interpretations defended during the dissertation.
Oligarquias, organização e governo: trajetórias de sobrevivência das elites partidárias no Brasil (1998-2018)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-19)
Assis, Pedro Paulo de
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Ribeiro, Pedro José Floriano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6336151484882362
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3383318092624884
The process of oligarchization does not end with the emergence of the ruling elites – the rise to the top of the party does not guarantee dominance over the organization. If there is an explanatory mechanism that clarifies the aetiology of intra-party leadership (Michels, 2001), a thesis about the causes and origins of the phenomenon, there is also, even if still unexplored, a mechanism that explains the physiology of an organization dominated by ruling elites. A thesis on the functioning and maintenance of a party dominated by leaders. The emphasis is in the explanatory mechanism between organizational agents and party structures that continuously sustains the survival of these elites. We try to approach this unknown mechanism employing as an object the four largest national party organizations in the current Brazilian scenario (PFL-DEM, PMDB, PSDB, and PT, from 1998 to 2018). The main hypothesis of this study points out that, to survive, ruling elites restrict the level of intra-party competitiveness by concentrating control over certain strategic positions and resources of power in the governmental and organizational arenas. The results show that different configurations of surviving elites require distinct repertoires of organizational and governmental activities, restricting competitiveness in intra-party systems in singular ways. That is, the plural profiles of Brazilian ruling elites establish different types of resources and positions of power in the party arenas at different levels. The survival mechanism is shared by the organizations studied, but it manifests itself in unique ways. The four major Brazilian parties have important uniquenesses in the development of their oligarchy processes: they display certain profiles of turnover; they vary considerably in the forms of distribution of incentives in their bases, and they differ in the types of resources and positions of power that unbalance intra-party authority relations in favour of their elites. In addition, gathered and compared, the evidence indicates the need for dynamic coordination in conducting these repertoires of party activities to support leadership. The survival of elites (through a process of hegemonization or resistance) is also associated with adjustments in the distribution of organizational and governmental incentives, given the swaying in the competitive performance of each party and the progression of elite turnover. The specialized repertoires of activities are constantly adapting. The phenomenon of elite survival, due to the restriction of intra-party competitiveness, is a continuous process of incremental changes. The thesis is divided into two parts. Part I has three chapters, working on three connected objectives. In Chapter 1, we seek to understand the scope and limitations of Michels' (2001) classic Iron Law of Oligarchy – oligarchization as an intra-party process, whose outcome is the emergence of ruling elites. In Chapter 2, we seek to adapt the Michelsian theoretical framework to address the phenomenon of the survival of ruling elites. We discuss[ed] the dynamics that would follow the Iron Law, developing an approach capable of facing oligarchization as a continuous process (beyond the aetiology of the bosses) and a systemic process (involving arenas external to the organization). Closing Part I, in Chapter 3, we deal with research design specifications to map the surviving leaders and observe the different manifestations of the survival mechanism articulated in the four Brazilian party organizations (PFL-DEM, PMDB, PSDB and PT) in the last decades (from 1998 to 2018). Part II of the thesis has three analytical chapters. In Chapter 4, we survey the turnover profiles of the surviving ruling elites of the PFL-DEM, PMDB, PSDB and PT – their trajectories at the summits in terms of cartelization and territorial decentralization. We examined the developments of competition between leaders seeking positions in their National Executive Committees: the stages of survival of the ruling elites in each organization and the respective hegemonization and resistance movements over their intra-party systems in the analyzed period. In Chapter 5, we investigate the selective articulation of the structures of party activities in the organization and in the government by the ruling elites. We scrutinized the dynamics of relative concentrations between the party bases of the distribution of power positions and resources, associating the alignments of such allocations with the particular profiles of dominant party elites in each organization. Finally, in Chapter 6, we summarize the organizational and governmental repertoires built by the leaders to enable the course of their described survival trajectories. We highlight and contrast the dynamics of distribution and redistribution of power positions and resources dominated and allocated by the ruling elites at their bases. We focus on the different balance points reached in the oligarchization processes of the PFL-DEM, PMDB, PSDB, and PT – the unique manifestations of their shared survival mechanism.
A política econômica neoliberal como uma das causas de um impeachment: um estudo de caso sobre o impedimento da presidenta Dilma Rousseff
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20)
Seleghim, Ariane Duarte
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Diniz, Simone
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9726360676770459
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3977588363021961
This thesis aims to contribute to research in Political Science that focuses on the explanatory factors of the 2016 impeachment. We use the process tracing method to gather empirical evidence to support the thesis that the resistance of Dilma Rousseff’s administration to deepen and radicalize neoliberal measures were part of a causal mechanism, a necessary condition that resulted in the president's deposition. We go back to the impeachment’s conjecture and its specificities. We observe the main factors that contributed to the impeachment giving more emphasis to the divergences of the government's economic policy in facing the economic crisis and recession. For this, we collected evidence that served to strengthen the argument within the research hypothesis. We develop a political content analysis based on the criteria and categories established by MARPOR in the government programs: "More Changes, More Future", by Former President Dilma Rousseff and “A Bridge to the Future” by her successor Michel Temer. At this stage, we were able to measure the relevance of the different categories of economic policy in each program. In addition, it enabled us to verify that there was a great divergence between the promises made by Dilma Rousseff and Michel Temer regarding the directions they would take toward economic policy. The empirical analysis was divided into two stages: i) a statistical analysis of the political content of the two programs, based on the same pre-established categorization proposed by MARPOR. This first part focuses on the justifications within the legislative proposals of each administration in order to build a measure to establish the differences in each program regarding neoliberal reforms; ii) a comparative analysis between what was promised in President Dilma Rousseff’s government program with respect to economic policy and what was actually done in the legislative agenda. We aim to verify that the divergences between what was promised and what was practiced by Rousseff’s administration is related to the loss of the president's base of support, another necessary condition for the impeachment. We conclude that, among the many factors that may explain the 2016 impediment, the resistance of Dilma Rousseff’s administration to deepening neoliberal policies and its austerity measures was a necessary condition for this result.
A mobilização dos registros de representação semiótica na prática pedagógica do processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos números racionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20)
Proença, Laís Isabele
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Oliveira, Paulo César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4618609819201939
This research aimed to analyze how teaching practice interferes in the process of acquisition and articulation of different semiotic registers of rational numbers, in which the guiding question is presented How the pedagogical practice in the process of mathematical literacy, in the teaching of rational numbers, does it contribute to the mobilization of semiotic representation records?. In addition, I present the justification for the choice of the topic, in which I have been working for more than seven years only in public schools in the region of my city of Itaporanga-SP, I wonder why many students do not make connections of different representations of the same mathematical object. , mainly related to rational numbers. It also exposes the theoretical foundation of the research, as well as the methodology for its development, in which, for the development of the didactic sequences, it sought to use as theoretical support Duval's Theory of Semiotics Records. The research is qualitative in nature, in which a didactic sequence was applied with the participation of 14 6th grade students, in which the classes took place synchronously for those who had access to the internet and asynchronously through a group of WhatsApp in the room with videos of classes. Understanding that the teaching of rational numbers is a challenge for the mathematics teacher, based on the premises that the Theory of Records of Semiotic Representation brings us, we started to have a more critical, reflective and articulated look at how we should have our methodology in the classroom and critically analyze the teaching materials that are available for us to use, as these are the bases for our work. However, with this research, it is concluded that it is not only the materials that must be in accordance with the objective of mobilizing the different registers of semiotic representation of rational numbers, it is necessary that both the materials and our pedagogical practice are favorable in order to achieve the skills to be developed by our students.
Verificação de pilares mistos de aço e concreto submetidos à flexão composta reta: curvas de interação M-N
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20)
Fernandes, Matheus Oliveira
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Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965
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Nardin, Silvana de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5587716781980132
Composite columns subjected to uniaxial bending moments are usually checked using normative recommendations, however, such checks do not include the use of high strength concretes. In this context, aiming to evaluate composite columns subject to eccentric compression and determine the pair of strength (normal force and bending moment), an analytical model based on strain compatibility was developed and implemented in the computational tool PM-MN (2021). With this tool it was possible to plot M-N interaction curves. Considering the uniaxial bending moments, expressions are defined that relate the values of normal force and moment resistance as a function of the neutral axis depth, geometry and strength of the components of the cross-section. The steel and concrete ultimate strains were defined based on the guidelines of ABNT NBR 6118 (2014). To validate the proposed model, two comparative analyzes were developed. In the first analysis, the M-N interaction curves from the PM-MN tool (2021) were compared to the models of ABNT NBR 8800 (2008), EN 1994-1-1 (2004) and ABNT NBR 16239 (2013). In the second analysis, values of normal force resistant to centered compression and moment resistance to pure bending were compared to literature results. The proposed model adequately estimated the eccentric compression strength when analyzing the cross section; the highest difference in relation to normative models was close to 6%. When analyzing the column, that is, taking into account the flexural buckling, the results of the interaction model implemented in the PM-MN (2021) were close to the results in the literature; the best estimate of strength showed an error close to 0,6%. Once validated, the tool was then used in a parametric study in which the influence of the following parameters was evaluated: cross-sectional shape, yielding strength of steel, compressive strength of concrete, bending axis and relative slenderness. The results showed that the effects of flexural buckling are less significant for the use of lower strengths of steel and concrete; on the other hand, the use of highest strengths increases the effects of flexural buckling, especially for slender columns.
Bioprospecção de novos isolados e avaliação do potencial antimicrobiano, leishmanicida, antitumoral e perfil citotóxico dos cultivos puros e mistos de Paenibacillus polymyxa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20)
Cavicchioli, Rafael
;
Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806
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Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
Endophytes in general are among the most productive sources of secondary metabolites, presenting a series of biological activities and applications. It is estimated that approximately half of the antibiotics produced industrially, in addition to several other compounds, are produced by these organisms. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 90% of bacterial strains are resistant to first-choice drugs. Therefore, the search for new molecules with antimicrobial activity is urgent. In view of this, the present study sought to optimize cultivation conditions for the production of fermented broth in order to achieve the greatest amount and diversity of secondary metabolites with biological action. Different types of cultures (axenic and mixed) were tested in order to evaluate their effectiveness in relation to: antimicrobial activity, leishmanicidal activity, antitumor activity and cytotoxicity. Based on the data obtained, a time of 168 hours was established for the production of broths. The mixed culture showed greater activity than the axenic culture in relation to antimicrobial activity, establishing 95.86% of inhibition at its lowest concentration tested for P. aeruginosa, 92.86% of inhibition against E.coli strains, 91.13% against Salmonella setubal. Using a concentration of 2500 µg, an inhibition of 82.5% was obtained in S. aureus and 86% in S. epidermidis. Regarding the leishmanicidal activity, the mixed culture broth showed a greater action than the simple culture when analyzed at lower concentrations. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrate that they are toxic only from a concentration of 10000 µg. From these results we can conclude that mixed cultures have great biological potential, in non-toxic concentrations. Multidrug resistance occurs in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which cause infections that cannot be treated with most conventional antibiotics. Due to these and other factors, microbial resistance is considered an alarming public health problem, showing an increasing number of infections caused by resistant bacteria, which cause infections in hospitals and communities. When some type of infection can no longer be treated by first-line antibiotics, usually more expensive drugs must be selected for treatment. The longer duration of the illness and treatment in question, often in the hospitals themselves, increases health care costs. A report citing the top threats to antibiotic resistance from the CDC in the United States (2019 Antibiotic Resistance Threats Report) includes the latest national estimates of deaths and infections that highlight the ongoing threat of antibiotic resistance. According to the report, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur in the US each year, and more than 35,000 people die as a result. Based on these and other data, the second part of the study aims to find strains with antimicrobial activity from the plant species Coffea arabica and Xylopia aromatica and selects 6 strains that have great biotechnological potential. These strains were isolated in later studies and showed considerable antimicrobial activity.
Panorama epidemiológico dos defeitos congênitos em Honduras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20)
Buckley, Michelle Melissa Miralda
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Melo, Débora Gusmão
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2587800992546559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0214847702096891
Introduction: Honduras is the second poorest country in Central America. The country's total population in 2019 was 9,181,487; the child population, including children under the age of five, represented about 14.8% of the total population. In 2018, the birth rate was 22 births/1,000 inhabitants, the infant mortality rate was 15.1 deaths/1,000 live births, with congenital anomalies being the second cause of infant mortality. Congenital defect comprises all structural or functional anomalies, including metabolic defects, resulting from factors originating before birth, even if the defect is not apparent or identified in the newborn, being recognized later. Birth defects are a public health problem worldwide, seriously affecting children's health and can produce disabilities. In Latin America and the Caribbean, birth defects are estimated to be responsible for about 21% of mortality among children under five years of age. Aim: This study evaluated the impact of birth defects on the morbidity and mortality of Honduran children and the development and implementation of neonatal screening in Honduras. Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. The research was developed in two parts: (1) information on the prevalence of structural birth defects in the first year of life and in infant mortality, during the years 2014 to 2018; and (2) information about neonatal screening and functional birth defects in 2018 and 2019. Results: Over the five years studied, the prevalence of birth defects in children under 1 year of age was 256.32: 10,000. Twelve birth defects reached a frequency greater than 5: 10,000, enough to be considered non-rare. The infant mortality rate due to birth defects was 33.81: 10,000. The proportional infant mortality rate due to congenital defects was 23.83%. Concerning the neonatal screening, in 2018 and 2019, 19,911 newborns were tested for five functional birth defects: hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis, galactosemia, phenylketonuria, and adrenal hyperplasia. Abnormalities were identified in 18 newborns, corresponding to a prevalence of 9.04:10,000. Considering all births in Honduras, the estimated coverage of screening ranged between 4.39% and 5.74%. Conclusions: Birth defects have a great impact on the morbidity and mortality of Honduran children. The surveillance system for structural birth defects in Honduras can be improved. For this, it is suggested: expansion of monitoring for all health units in the public and private systems; development of a notification method that can consider the child's place of residence and prevents repeated registration of the same child; and training of the human resources involved in the notification and care of children with birth defects. The results also reinforce the need to expand and consolidate neonatal screening in Honduras. For this, it is recommended: expansion of screening for health units in the Honduran public system, in all Departments of the country; a collection of samples in the first week of live births; conducting more studies to confirm the prevalence of galactosemia; inclusion of screening for hemoglobinopathies; organization of a national program that guarantees comprehensive treatment of patients; and organization of an accessible information system on neonatal screening.
Avaliação na aula de música? Um estudo com professores de música da Rede de Ensino Municipal de São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20)
Rodrigues, Flavia Baldacini Navarro
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Galizia, Fernando Stanzione
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4007795540173093
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8198583180522383
This is an exploratory study which sought to investigate the assessment of student learning process in Music classes at the Municipal Education Network of São Carlos/SP. The specific objectives of this work are: to verify how the formation and professional performance of teachers takes place as well as to know the planning and types of assessment that these teachers know and practice; analyze the evaluation criteria used to assess students' musical learning and identify which musical content is being evaluated. The theoretical framework used to analyze data was formed from the ideas of four authors: Haydt (2008), Hoffmann (2009), Luckesi (2011a; 2011b) and Zabala (1998) who deal with: the concept of evaluation, types of assessment, assessment instruments, assessment results and its benefits for the daily lives of teachers and students. In order to deal specifically with the assessment in Music class, we used the ideas of the author Swanwick (2003; 2014), who discusses criteria and suggestions for assessing musical learning. The online questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection and, for data processing, the content analysis was organized into categories based on the specific objectives of this work. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail to all eleven teachers who work in the municipality teaching music classes, with responses from seven of them (response rate of 63.6%). The analysis of the answers shows that the teachers are young, most of them have a degree in Music, and they also declare to feel some kind of difficulty in evaluating their students. In addition, the assessments most used by them are diagnostic and formative, and the most voted assessment tool was observation. Other data from the analysis framed the teachers' evaluation criteria in the dimensions of Materials and Swanwick's Expression (2014). Finally, the content that teachers assess is of an attitudinal, conceptual and procedural nature, according to Zabala (1998), with a prevalence of the attitudinal nature. In the final considerations, two suggestions for assessment that can be used in large classes are presented: the minute paper (MENEZES, 2010) and compositions in small groups.
A assembleia de classe como recurso didático para a construção da argumentação moral na educação básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20)
Oliveira, Cristiane Santiago de
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Campos, Douglas Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7847352503840983
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2435114283327252
This study arises from reflections on the educational phenomenon experienced in pedagogical practices about the difficulties that students have to debate, discuss and expose their opinions through arguments, since this competence is mandatory content of mother tongue classes, especially in the years end of Elementary School II (9th years) and High School. Therefore, this research studied, discussed and analyzed the effectiveness of the class assembly as a didactic resource in the teaching and learning processes, in the initial grades of Elementary School II (6th and 7th years). We are based on the Theory of Communicative Action from the perspective of Habermas' moral argument (2003, 2012) and on Paulo Freire's dialogic and emancipatory education (1967, 1996, 2013, 2019, 2020a,b,c). We used the qualitative approach in proposing four class assemblies with students between ten (10) and twelve (12) years old, having as mediator the researcher who also teaches classes in this class. The results showed that the assemblies are a powerful didactic resource for working with moral argumentation, as long as the mediation and the pedagogical intentionality proposed by the educator has as a specific objective the dialogical and argumentative resourcefulness in the community, in our case, the group of students. The contextualization and the collective decision to discuss a certain content, which has meaning and sense for the collectivity, is another strong assumption to reach the educational objectives with the emphasis on the argumentation that it becomes and to have a power of influence more connected with the reality and the educational process experienced and experienced in the assembly.
Pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise e atendimento psicológico: revisão de escopo e reflexão segundo o referencial psicanalítico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20)
Lollo, Maria Cristina Di
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Napoleão, Anamaria Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8373897933954246
The result of the 20 years clinical experience of psychological support for patients with chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis, and due to the lack of literature about psychological support for such patients, particularly studies using the theoretical and technical foundation of psychoanalysis, the present study is justified by the high prevalence of this disease in the population and by it’s countless signs of psychological distress. The objective was to identify the status of the knowledge about psychological support for patients with chronic kidney disease and to reflect on the contribution of psychoanalysis in this context. A literature review, based on the scoping review methodology of Instituto Joanna Briggs, was conducted to identify publications about psychological support to patients with chronical kidney disease in hemodialysis, using the databases PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Documents pertaining to grey literature were also considered. The final sample was composed by 23 articles. The studies found were using diferent theoretical and technical foundations and different types of psychological interventions, and all of them reportedly identified improvement of psychic symptoms, coping and adaptation to the treatment and the new life conditions. Among the studies that composed the sample, a number of them were using cognitive behavior theory (N=7), behavior analysis (N=2), psychoanalytic oriented psychotherapy (N=2), positive psychology (N=1), among others. On the kind of studies identified, there were mostly studies with descriptive study characteristics (N=5), randomized experimental studies (N=3), case studies (N=3), studies with experimental report characteristics (N=3), studies with quasi-experimental characteristics (N=2), single-group clinical studies (N=2) and experimental reports (N=2). In general, the studies report improvements in quality of life, in the symptoms of distressed mood and depression, and improvement in clinical and mental health. However, the methodological characteristics of the studies are not enough to generate strong evidence and allow safe generalizations, which indicates the need for production of more studies about the subject. This study also presents reflection on the psychoanalytic psychosomatics and its possible contributions, by means of psychological support to patients with chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis, based on the promotion of affect representation and symbolization. The conclusion is that, in general, the knowledge produced and published in the consulted databases, about psychological support to patients with chronic kidney disease, indicates a lack of studies and methological gaps, with an absence, for example, of longitudinal studies or others performed with more expressive samples of patients. It was also identified the need for greater methodological rigor in relation to the psychological interventions performed, with the presentation of more consistent conceptual and operational definitions.