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A mobilização dos registros de representação semiótica na prática pedagógica do processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos números racionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20) Proença, Laís Isabele; Oliveira, Paulo César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4618609819201939
This research aimed to analyze how teaching practice interferes in the process of acquisition and articulation of different semiotic registers of rational numbers, in which the guiding question is presented How the pedagogical practice in the process of mathematical literacy, in the teaching of rational numbers, does it contribute to the mobilization of semiotic representation records?. In addition, I present the justification for the choice of the topic, in which I have been working for more than seven years only in public schools in the region of my city of Itaporanga-SP, I wonder why many students do not make connections of different representations of the same mathematical object. , mainly related to rational numbers. It also exposes the theoretical foundation of the research, as well as the methodology for its development, in which, for the development of the didactic sequences, it sought to use as theoretical support Duval's Theory of Semiotics Records. The research is qualitative in nature, in which a didactic sequence was applied with the participation of 14 6th grade students, in which the classes took place synchronously for those who had access to the internet and asynchronously through a group of WhatsApp in the room with videos of classes. Understanding that the teaching of rational numbers is a challenge for the mathematics teacher, based on the premises that the Theory of Records of Semiotic Representation brings us, we started to have a more critical, reflective and articulated look at how we should have our methodology in the classroom and critically analyze the teaching materials that are available for us to use, as these are the bases for our work. However, with this research, it is concluded that it is not only the materials that must be in accordance with the objective of mobilizing the different registers of semiotic representation of rational numbers, it is necessary that both the materials and our pedagogical practice are favorable in order to achieve the skills to be developed by our students.
Verificação de pilares mistos de aço e concreto submetidos à flexão composta reta: curvas de interação M-N
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20) Fernandes, Matheus Oliveira; Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965; Nardin, Silvana de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5587716781980132; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2547654930479438
Composite columns subjected to uniaxial bending moments are usually checked using normative recommendations, however, such checks do not include the use of high strength concretes. In this context, aiming to evaluate composite columns subject to eccentric compression and determine the pair of strength (normal force and bending moment), an analytical model based on strain compatibility was developed and implemented in the computational tool PM-MN (2021). With this tool it was possible to plot M-N interaction curves. Considering the uniaxial bending moments, expressions are defined that relate the values of normal force and moment resistance as a function of the neutral axis depth, geometry and strength of the components of the cross-section. The steel and concrete ultimate strains were defined based on the guidelines of ABNT NBR 6118 (2014). To validate the proposed model, two comparative analyzes were developed. In the first analysis, the M-N interaction curves from the PM-MN tool (2021) were compared to the models of ABNT NBR 8800 (2008), EN 1994-1-1 (2004) and ABNT NBR 16239 (2013). In the second analysis, values of normal force resistant to centered compression and moment resistance to pure bending were compared to literature results. The proposed model adequately estimated the eccentric compression strength when analyzing the cross section; the highest difference in relation to normative models was close to 6%. When analyzing the column, that is, taking into account the flexural buckling, the results of the interaction model implemented in the PM-MN (2021) were close to the results in the literature; the best estimate of strength showed an error close to 0,6%. Once validated, the tool was then used in a parametric study in which the influence of the following parameters was evaluated: cross-sectional shape, yielding strength of steel, compressive strength of concrete, bending axis and relative slenderness. The results showed that the effects of flexural buckling are less significant for the use of lower strengths of steel and concrete; on the other hand, the use of highest strengths increases the effects of flexural buckling, especially for slender columns.
Bioprospecção de novos isolados e avaliação do potencial antimicrobiano, leishmanicida, antitumoral e perfil citotóxico dos cultivos puros e mistos de Paenibacillus polymyxa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20) Cavicchioli, Rafael; Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806; Sousa, Cristina Paiva de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3348518666934464
Endophytes in general are among the most productive sources of secondary metabolites, presenting a series of biological activities and applications. It is estimated that approximately half of the antibiotics produced industrially, in addition to several other compounds, are produced by these organisms. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 90% of bacterial strains are resistant to first-choice drugs. Therefore, the search for new molecules with antimicrobial activity is urgent. In view of this, the present study sought to optimize cultivation conditions for the production of fermented broth in order to achieve the greatest amount and diversity of secondary metabolites with biological action. Different types of cultures (axenic and mixed) were tested in order to evaluate their effectiveness in relation to: antimicrobial activity, leishmanicidal activity, antitumor activity and cytotoxicity. Based on the data obtained, a time of 168 hours was established for the production of broths. The mixed culture showed greater activity than the axenic culture in relation to antimicrobial activity, establishing 95.86% of inhibition at its lowest concentration tested for P. aeruginosa, 92.86% of inhibition against E.coli strains, 91.13% against Salmonella setubal. Using a concentration of 2500 µg, an inhibition of 82.5% was obtained in S. aureus and 86% in S. epidermidis. Regarding the leishmanicidal activity, the mixed culture broth showed a greater action than the simple culture when analyzed at lower concentrations. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrate that they are toxic only from a concentration of 10000 µg. From these results we can conclude that mixed cultures have great biological potential, in non-toxic concentrations. Multidrug resistance occurs in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which cause infections that cannot be treated with most conventional antibiotics. Due to these and other factors, microbial resistance is considered an alarming public health problem, showing an increasing number of infections caused by resistant bacteria, which cause infections in hospitals and communities. When some type of infection can no longer be treated by first-line antibiotics, usually more expensive drugs must be selected for treatment. The longer duration of the illness and treatment in question, often in the hospitals themselves, increases health care costs. A report citing the top threats to antibiotic resistance from the CDC in the United States (2019 Antibiotic Resistance Threats Report) includes the latest national estimates of deaths and infections that highlight the ongoing threat of antibiotic resistance. According to the report, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur in the US each year, and more than 35,000 people die as a result. Based on these and other data, the second part of the study aims to find strains with antimicrobial activity from the plant species Coffea arabica and Xylopia aromatica and selects 6 strains that have great biotechnological potential. These strains were isolated in later studies and showed considerable antimicrobial activity.
A política econômica neoliberal como uma das causas de um impeachment: um estudo de caso sobre o impedimento da presidenta Dilma Rousseff
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20) Seleghim, Ariane Duarte; Diniz, Simone; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9726360676770459; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3977588363021961
This thesis aims to contribute to research in Political Science that focuses on the explanatory factors of the 2016 impeachment. We use the process tracing method to gather empirical evidence to support the thesis that the resistance of Dilma Rousseff’s administration to deepen and radicalize neoliberal measures were part of a causal mechanism, a necessary condition that resulted in the president's deposition. We go back to the impeachment’s conjecture and its specificities. We observe the main factors that contributed to the impeachment giving more emphasis to the divergences of the government's economic policy in facing the economic crisis and recession. For this, we collected evidence that served to strengthen the argument within the research hypothesis. We develop a political content analysis based on the criteria and categories established by MARPOR in the government programs: "More Changes, More Future", by Former President Dilma Rousseff and “A Bridge to the Future” by her successor Michel Temer. At this stage, we were able to measure the relevance of the different categories of economic policy in each program. In addition, it enabled us to verify that there was a great divergence between the promises made by Dilma Rousseff and Michel Temer regarding the directions they would take toward economic policy. The empirical analysis was divided into two stages: i) a statistical analysis of the political content of the two programs, based on the same pre-established categorization proposed by MARPOR. This first part focuses on the justifications within the legislative proposals of each administration in order to build a measure to establish the differences in each program regarding neoliberal reforms; ii) a comparative analysis between what was promised in President Dilma Rousseff’s government program with respect to economic policy and what was actually done in the legislative agenda. We aim to verify that the divergences between what was promised and what was practiced by Rousseff’s administration is related to the loss of the president's base of support, another necessary condition for the impeachment. We conclude that, among the many factors that may explain the 2016 impediment, the resistance of Dilma Rousseff’s administration to deepening neoliberal policies and its austerity measures was a necessary condition for this result.
A assembleia de classe como recurso didático para a construção da argumentação moral na educação básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20) Oliveira, Cristiane Santiago de; Campos, Douglas Aparecido de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7847352503840983; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2435114283327252
This study arises from reflections on the educational phenomenon experienced in pedagogical practices about the difficulties that students have to debate, discuss and expose their opinions through arguments, since this competence is mandatory content of mother tongue classes, especially in the years end of Elementary School II (9th years) and High School. Therefore, this research studied, discussed and analyzed the effectiveness of the class assembly as a didactic resource in the teaching and learning processes, in the initial grades of Elementary School II (6th and 7th years). We are based on the Theory of Communicative Action from the perspective of Habermas' moral argument (2003, 2012) and on Paulo Freire's dialogic and emancipatory education (1967, 1996, 2013, 2019, 2020a,b,c). We used the qualitative approach in proposing four class assemblies with students between ten (10) and twelve (12) years old, having as mediator the researcher who also teaches classes in this class. The results showed that the assemblies are a powerful didactic resource for working with moral argumentation, as long as the mediation and the pedagogical intentionality proposed by the educator has as a specific objective the dialogical and argumentative resourcefulness in the community, in our case, the group of students. The contextualization and the collective decision to discuss a certain content, which has meaning and sense for the collectivity, is another strong assumption to reach the educational objectives with the emphasis on the argumentation that it becomes and to have a power of influence more connected with the reality and the educational process experienced and experienced in the assembly.
Avaliação na aula de música? Um estudo com professores de música da Rede de Ensino Municipal de São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20) Rodrigues, Flavia Baldacini Navarro; Galizia, Fernando Stanzione; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4007795540173093; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8198583180522383
This is an exploratory study which sought to investigate the assessment of student learning process in Music classes at the Municipal Education Network of São Carlos/SP. The specific objectives of this work are: to verify how the formation and professional performance of teachers takes place as well as to know the planning and types of assessment that these teachers know and practice; analyze the evaluation criteria used to assess students' musical learning and identify which musical content is being evaluated. The theoretical framework used to analyze data was formed from the ideas of four authors: Haydt (2008), Hoffmann (2009), Luckesi (2011a; 2011b) and Zabala (1998) who deal with: the concept of evaluation, types of assessment, assessment instruments, assessment results and its benefits for the daily lives of teachers and students. In order to deal specifically with the assessment in Music class, we used the ideas of the author Swanwick (2003; 2014), who discusses criteria and suggestions for assessing musical learning. The online questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection and, for data processing, the content analysis was organized into categories based on the specific objectives of this work. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail to all eleven teachers who work in the municipality teaching music classes, with responses from seven of them (response rate of 63.6%). The analysis of the answers shows that the teachers are young, most of them have a degree in Music, and they also declare to feel some kind of difficulty in evaluating their students. In addition, the assessments most used by them are diagnostic and formative, and the most voted assessment tool was observation. Other data from the analysis framed the teachers' evaluation criteria in the dimensions of Materials and Swanwick's Expression (2014). Finally, the content that teachers assess is of an attitudinal, conceptual and procedural nature, according to Zabala (1998), with a prevalence of the attitudinal nature. In the final considerations, two suggestions for assessment that can be used in large classes are presented: the minute paper (MENEZES, 2010) and compositions in small groups.
Pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise e atendimento psicológico: revisão de escopo e reflexão segundo o referencial psicanalítico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20) Lollo, Maria Cristina Di; Napoleão, Anamaria Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8373897933954246
The result of the 20 years clinical experience of psychological support for patients with chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis, and due to the lack of literature about psychological support for such patients, particularly studies using the theoretical and technical foundation of psychoanalysis, the present study is justified by the high prevalence of this disease in the population and by it’s countless signs of psychological distress. The objective was to identify the status of the knowledge about psychological support for patients with chronic kidney disease and to reflect on the contribution of psychoanalysis in this context. A literature review, based on the scoping review methodology of Instituto Joanna Briggs, was conducted to identify publications about psychological support to patients with chronical kidney disease in hemodialysis, using the databases PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Documents pertaining to grey literature were also considered. The final sample was composed by 23 articles. The studies found were using diferent theoretical and technical foundations and different types of psychological interventions, and all of them reportedly identified improvement of psychic symptoms, coping and adaptation to the treatment and the new life conditions. Among the studies that composed the sample, a number of them were using cognitive behavior theory (N=7), behavior analysis (N=2), psychoanalytic oriented psychotherapy (N=2), positive psychology (N=1), among others. On the kind of studies identified, there were mostly studies with descriptive study characteristics (N=5), randomized experimental studies (N=3), case studies (N=3), studies with experimental report characteristics (N=3), studies with quasi-experimental characteristics (N=2), single-group clinical studies (N=2) and experimental reports (N=2). In general, the studies report improvements in quality of life, in the symptoms of distressed mood and depression, and improvement in clinical and mental health. However, the methodological characteristics of the studies are not enough to generate strong evidence and allow safe generalizations, which indicates the need for production of more studies about the subject. This study also presents reflection on the psychoanalytic psychosomatics and its possible contributions, by means of psychological support to patients with chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis, based on the promotion of affect representation and symbolization. The conclusion is that, in general, the knowledge produced and published in the consulted databases, about psychological support to patients with chronic kidney disease, indicates a lack of studies and methological gaps, with an absence, for example, of longitudinal studies or others performed with more expressive samples of patients. It was also identified the need for greater methodological rigor in relation to the psychological interventions performed, with the presentation of more consistent conceptual and operational definitions.
Panorama epidemiológico dos defeitos congênitos em Honduras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20) Buckley, Michelle Melissa Miralda; Melo, Débora Gusmão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2587800992546559; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0214847702096891
Introduction: Honduras is the second poorest country in Central America. The country's total population in 2019 was 9,181,487; the child population, including children under the age of five, represented about 14.8% of the total population. In 2018, the birth rate was 22 births/1,000 inhabitants, the infant mortality rate was 15.1 deaths/1,000 live births, with congenital anomalies being the second cause of infant mortality. Congenital defect comprises all structural or functional anomalies, including metabolic defects, resulting from factors originating before birth, even if the defect is not apparent or identified in the newborn, being recognized later. Birth defects are a public health problem worldwide, seriously affecting children's health and can produce disabilities. In Latin America and the Caribbean, birth defects are estimated to be responsible for about 21% of mortality among children under five years of age. Aim: This study evaluated the impact of birth defects on the morbidity and mortality of Honduran children and the development and implementation of neonatal screening in Honduras. Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. The research was developed in two parts: (1) information on the prevalence of structural birth defects in the first year of life and in infant mortality, during the years 2014 to 2018; and (2) information about neonatal screening and functional birth defects in 2018 and 2019. Results: Over the five years studied, the prevalence of birth defects in children under 1 year of age was 256.32: 10,000. Twelve birth defects reached a frequency greater than 5: 10,000, enough to be considered non-rare. The infant mortality rate due to birth defects was 33.81: 10,000. The proportional infant mortality rate due to congenital defects was 23.83%. Concerning the neonatal screening, in 2018 and 2019, 19,911 newborns were tested for five functional birth defects: hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis, galactosemia, phenylketonuria, and adrenal hyperplasia. Abnormalities were identified in 18 newborns, corresponding to a prevalence of 9.04:10,000. Considering all births in Honduras, the estimated coverage of screening ranged between 4.39% and 5.74%. Conclusions: Birth defects have a great impact on the morbidity and mortality of Honduran children. The surveillance system for structural birth defects in Honduras can be improved. For this, it is suggested: expansion of monitoring for all health units in the public and private systems; development of a notification method that can consider the child's place of residence and prevents repeated registration of the same child; and training of the human resources involved in the notification and care of children with birth defects. The results also reinforce the need to expand and consolidate neonatal screening in Honduras. For this, it is recommended: expansion of screening for health units in the Honduran public system, in all Departments of the country; a collection of samples in the first week of live births; conducting more studies to confirm the prevalence of galactosemia; inclusion of screening for hemoglobinopathies; organization of a national program that guarantees comprehensive treatment of patients; and organization of an accessible information system on neonatal screening.
Capacidades e práticas de líderes Lean de nível operacional e efeitos na implementação de ferramentas: survey em empresas industriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20) Simões, Julianita Maria Scaranello; Toledo, José Carlos de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5280499767233599
Lean leadership is considered a fundamental factor for the effective implementation of Lean Production System (LPS). However, Lean leadership studies, especially for Lean operational-level leadership, remain limited to the capacities and practices of Lean leadership that provide effective implementation of LPS tools in organizations. This thesis aims to analyze the relationship between capacities and practices of front-line Lean leaders and the implementation of Lean tools in large manufacturing companies. A survey was conducted in large manufacturing companies in the State of São Paulo, with Lean programs implemented for at least 5 years. A total of 103 questionnaires were collected, of which 99 were considered valid. The data were analyzed by Structural Equations Modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS 3 software. A positive, significant and direct relationship was observed among the capacities of front-line Lean leaders, leadership practices and implementation of LPS tools on the shop floor. From a management point of view, it can also be noted that investing in the Lean leaders' capacities development provide better operationalization of leadership practices which in turn allow a better implementation of LPS tools on the shop floor of organizations. From the theoretical point of view, it was observed relevant expansion of the field of knowledge about front-line Lean leaders with the proposition of a replicable model based on specific capacities and practices that contribute to the implementation of Lean tools.
Entomofauna em áreas em estágio inicial de restauração florestal sob diferentes tipos de controle de plantas indesejáveis e uso de fertilizantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-20) Providello, Alexandra; Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840; Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1863735094370774; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5614123753434396
In the forest restoration process, it is important to measure the recovery efficiency of ecological processes. Due to their abundance and diversity and quick responses to environmental variations, insects can be used as bioindicators of the ecological restoration process, but little is known about how they respond to usual management practices in forest restoration. The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that different types of undesirable plant control and the use of fertilizers influence forest restoration and, consequently, the entomofauna dynamics in an area at an early stage of forest restoration. The study was conducted in a forest restoration area in the city of Araras in the state of São Paulo. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split-plot scheme, submitted to four treatments: intensive control of undesirable plants with fertilizers (I+F+); intensive control of undesirable plants without fertilizers (I+F-); non-intensive control of undesirable plants with fertilizers (I-F+); non-intensive control of undesirable plants without fertilizers (I-F-). The entomofauna was collected using pan and pitfall traps, in three periods: July 2019 (dry) and January (rainy) and July (dry) 2020. Pan traps (yellow, blue, white and red) and pitfalls were placed in the center of each subplot, totaling six traps per treatment. Both remained in the field for 120 hours. The vegetation parameters analyzed were basal area and distance from the study area in relation to a reference forest fragment. Initially, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to verify a possible interaction between the type factors of undesirable plant control and fertilizer use on the entomofauna and vegetation variables. As it was not significant, the factors were analyzed separately, and their levels were compared using the Tukey test. In total, 16,001 specimens were collected, distributed in 11 orders and 64 families. Only the control of undesirable plants influenced the abundance and richness of the entomofauna and the basal area of the trees. The entomofauna was more abundant and richer in the intensive control, however, the basal area was bigger in the non-intensive control. Only entomofauna richness was positively related to basal area. The use of fertilizers did not significantly influence neither the basal area nor the entomofauna. Distance from the study area in relation to a reference forest fragment did not show a significant relationship with any of the entomofauna variables. In the present study, it was observed that different types of undesirable plant control influence the growth of the restoration tree community and, consequently, the abundance and richness of the entomofauna. There is a positive relationship of the basal area only with the richness of the entomofauna. At the taxonomic identification level used, the entomofauna could not be adopted as a secondary measurement parameter for the forest restoration process.