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Desenvolvimento de um algoritmo de planejamento de trajetória em ambientes desconhecidos e não estruturados para UAVs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Rocha, Lidia Gianne Souza da; Vivaldini, Kelen Cristiane Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5245409138233148; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2292849757280982
To make a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) autonomous, it must perform actions without human interference in its missions. Regardless of the area of operation, several autonomous UAV missions require path planning, being able to operate in unknown, 3D, unstructured environments, and with dynamic obstacles depending on the assigned mission. Thus, it is essential that the algorithm can avoid obstacles since the environment will not always be known. As well as take into account the movement restrictions to achieve smooth curves in the planning. Several path planning algorithms can be adopted among classic, metaheuristic, or machine learning techniques. One observable aspect among the existing and most used techniques is, ”which would be the best technique to work in these environments”. The algorithms that obtain the best results are tested in 3D in the UAV simulator. A deeper analysis is performed, considering completeness, distance, time, CPU usage, memory usage, collision prevention, and robustness. The final test to validate the trajectory planning algorithms is done in a real environment.
Idosos da agricultura familiar na transição agroecológica no entorno da Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de Ipanema, Iperó –São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Dellai, William; Borsatto, Ricardo Serra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5988987575101933; Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0080353709980071; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8672800832235680
This research analyzes the motivations and particularities of the participation of elderly family farmers in the agroecological transition process. The field research was carried out during the month of May 2020 with five (5) rural elderly people in two Agrarian Reform Settlements in the municipality of Iperó, state of São Paulo, and with one (1) elderly person (urban experience) in Araçoiaba da Serra - SP. These municipalities are covered by the National Forest Buffer Zone (FLONA) of Ipanema, a Federal Conservation Unit administered by ICMBio, which raises the importance of agroecological transition experiences in their surroundings. Through a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews, the research addresses the involvement of the elderly in new networks of social relationships developed during the agroecological transition process and analyzes, through six (6) hypotheses, the role they play to strengthen and scale the agroecology in this territory. The agroecological transition is a dynamic and multifaceted process in which the elderly are inserted considering elements and challenges of the daily scenario and aspirations sought in the past through the activation of affective memory.
Avaliação de uma intervenção em bullying envolvendo alunos, professores e pais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Valle, Jéssica Elena; Stelko-Pereira, Ana Carina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4721496386444127; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2090652269256765
Due to the need for effective interventions to combat bullying, researchers currently recommend programs with a whole-school approach, using multiple strategies to work with different individuals in the school context. Therefore, the main objectives of this thesis were the development, pilot test, and evaluation of a whole-school antibullying intervention program involving students, teachers, and parents. Based on these objectives, three studies were conducted and are presented as scientific texts. In the first study, a literature review with a detailed description of the main components used in whole-school antibullying intervention programs is presented. Based on the analysis of 17 publications, it was noted that the components most used in whole-school antibullying programs included: teacher or school staff training; classroom activities for students; informational materials for parents; informational materials for teachers or school staff; antibullying committee; and specific interventions for students involved in bullying. In the second study, the development, pilot test, and evaluation of a whole-school antibullying intervention program involving students, teachers, and parents in the Brazilian context are presented. Participants included 11 students from a 5th grade class at a public school in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, as well as 13 teachers from the same school. Informational materials about bullying were sent to the parents. Before and after the intervention program, the School Violence Scale was applied. In addition, the participants evaluated each intervention session and the intervention as a whole. When comparing pre-test and post-test data, a significant reduction in bullying victimization and in identification of bullying episodes by teachers was observed. However, no significant results were found regarding bullying perpetration, reporting bullying occurrences, and perception of intervention by third-parties in bullying episodes, nor regarding knowledge, intervention, and perception of teachers’ self-efficacy in responding to bullying. In the third study, the evaluation of a whole-school antibullying intervention for students, teachers, and parents is presented, in terms of apparent (or face) and content validity. Participants included eight professionals, who each evaluated one of the modules. Agreement among judges was 100% for the Student Module, 100% for the Teacher Module, and 45% for the Parent Module of the proposed intervention. These results support the adequacy of the modules for students and teachers, but the module for parents need to be revised. The results of these three studies reinforce the importance of bullying interventions based on a whole-school approach, to encompass the complexity of the phenomenon and to facilitate significant effects in reducing this problem. In addition, detailed information about components of antibullying intervention programs is important to choose between replicating existing programs or developing new ones, as well as to compare effects among programs. Finally, it is important to underscore the need for such programs to be developed in partnership with government and school representatives, to include the components most suitable to the context in which they will be used, considering demands, resources, and limitations.
O papel do professor colaborador nos estágios curriculares supervisionados no curso de educação física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Pereira, Juliana Aparecida; Vedovatto, Dijnane; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6758025601578309; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0049324721396549
The Supervised Curricular Internship (ECS) is a privileged moment in which future teachers have the possibility to articulate theory and practice, once there is the insertion in the field. This period will provide trainees with experiences in the context of their future profession. In this sense, the Higher Education Institutions (IES) and the field schools need to develop an articulated work that contributes to teacher education, allowing them to move between these different spaces. The teacher who receives the trainee in the school is a central figure in this process because he or she is the one who monitors the students in the school. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand the role of the teacher-collaborator in the training of Physical Education teachers at a public university in the countryside of São Paulo, within the ECS. The qualitative exploratory-descriptive research had as techniques of data collection the semi-structured interview with 5 trainees and 5 collaborating teachers and the documental analysis of the reports of the subject of ECS produced by the 5 interviewed students. The data analysis was done by means of content analysis, which involved three stages: data ordering, data classification, and final analysis. From the analysis emerged the first axis "The university and school partnership in the internships" in which the IES and the school have a role to be developed in the internships, which reflects on the training of future teachers. The partnership between these two institutions in initial training is fundamental for the understanding and development of this role, and the school is now recognized as a training location. The second axis "Knowledge of the teacher-collaborator" presents the teacher-collaborator who works in the school as an essential figure for the internships, because through his actions and guidance he inserts and helps future teachers in their professional field, mobilizing knowledge from his experience. In this scenario, it is evident the need for the recognition of the teacher-collaborator as a trainer in the context of the internships, requiring training to develop this role, which can be carried out through a partnership between IES and schools. We conclude that the cooperating teacher has a significant role in the internships, since he/she is a co-trainer of future teachers and, in view of this, the need for actions that involve the partnership between university and schools in the direction of promoting continuous training of these professionals.
Sistema de liberação de substâncias a partir de filmes nanotexturizados de TiO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Lopes, Paula Prenholatto; Trivinho-Strixino, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9740223649776400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101830517116612
Researches involving drug delivery systems based on TiO2 nanotubes suggest a great potential as a platform to be used in the biomedical area, mainly due to its biocompatibility. The drugs loaded in the nanostructures also constitute an essential part of the post-operative treatment to combat the rejection of the prosthesis by bacterial adhesion. Focusing on natural therapeutic agents to mitigate microbial infections seems to be a promising alternative source. Furthermore, the phytochemicals present in medicinal plants play an essential role in determining antimicrobial activity. The present study aims to modify the surface of the commercial Ti (99.5%) by forming TiO2 nanotubes by anodic oxidation. The used electrolyte solution containing fluoride ions and solution of Simulated Body Fluid. The samples were characterized with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Contact Angle. After nanotubes formation, aqueous solutions of methylene blue and alcoholic solutions of green propolis extract (Apis Flora® 70%) and eugenol (Biodinâmica®) were used as antimicrobial agents and they were deposited on top of the samples with and without nanotubes, for further comparison. Also, the effect of samples coated with a layer of Alginate was verified. The process of releasing the substances was carried out in PBS buffer solution at 37ºC. The aliquots removed at predetermined times were analyzed on the UV-vis spectrophotometer to obtain the release curve of each substance. The released samples showed an initial burst followed by a stabilization phase, indicating the release of loaded loaded substances. The Alginate coating acted as a diffusional barrier, optimizing release control to delay the initial burst and increase the total delivery time of methylene blue, green propolis, and eugenol.
Uma pesquisa-ação: sistemas adaptativos complexos e o espanhol em um contexto militar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Machado, Maria Cláudia de Jesus; Yokota, Rosa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9230517686993400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7107104593102194
In this research, we assume the learning of a foreign language as a complex adaptive system, in which its components are in constant interaction. We aimed to understand the relationship between the fractal input and fractals sócio-historical context, affiliation and motivation in the process of Spanish language teaching and learning in a military institution. The fractal model of language acquisition developed by Paiva (2005) and other studies on complexity (MORIN, 2007; 2015) and complexity in the context of language learning (LARSEN-FREEMAN, 1997; LARSEN- FREEMAN; CAMERON, 2008; BORGES; SILVA, 2016) supported the investigation. This research is part of the interpretivist qualitative paradigm and is classified as action research. In a first collection of data with cadets, Spanish teachers and officers of the institution, the objective was to carry out a needs and interests analysis, and later on to prepare the Acercándonos teaching material to be applied to the participating cadet groups in “Spanish Language 4” classes by the researcher teacher. A new data collection was carried out in order to verify how this input (teaching material) may have promoted changes in the manifestations of these participants in relation to the Spanish language and its learning, as well as verifying the effects the integration of fractal input, affiliation, motivation and socio-historical context in the Spanish language teaching-learning process to this audience. The results show that the political context exerts a strong influence on the educational institution, which is also a political space that, in turn, influences the classroom and, consequently, the motivation of learners, but the the input (the teacher and the teaching material) acted as possible disturber that contributed to the emergence of intrinsic motivation and a subtle integrative motivation. The duration of the research did not allow us to verify whether there were signs that revealed the emergence of more significant affective bonds with the Hispanic world.
Um olhar sobre os rankings universitários: o impacto e a repercussão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Silva, Antonio Carlos Lopes da; Faria, Leandro Innocentini Lopes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0767710394930118; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9533895390628271
Studies in the field of Science, Technology and Society (STS) highlight the urgency of society's participation in the development of science, technology and innovation. Federal Institutions of Higher Education (IFES), as social organizations, in turn, fulfill their role of disseminating the knowledge developed and produced within their walls by various means, among which we can highlight the partnerships made with other institutions in the public sphere, how much of the private. It is in this context that involves the CTS field and the IFES, that we will look at this new (not so new) way of evaluating university institutions: university rankings. Historically in Brazil, the wave of university rankings began in the 1980s, at the initiative of Editora Abril, when the Playboy Magazine launched, in 1981, the first version of the Melhores Faculdades ranking. As of 2012, the company Folha de São Paulo (FSP) launched the Folha University Ranking (RUF), the main ranking of Brazilian universities. Worldwide, the pioneering of the USA stands out, where the first publications evaluating higher education emerged around 1910. The evolution of rankings culminated in the creation of the great rankings of world-class universities. Regarding university rankings, two findings are evident: first, they are here to stay; second, the disclosure of ratings provokes different reactions from interested actors. If, on the one hand, critics point to methodological frankness, marketing interests or the impartiality of the indicators, among other factors, on the other hand, there is the exaltation of institutions that appear well classified, which confirms the growth of interest in university rankings in the last decade. Given these facts, the research proposed here will seek to identify how the managers of federal educational institutions (IFES) are manifesting here in the sense of those who promote the development of teaching, research and extension, in view of the publication of university rankings. In this context, the present work has as general objective to identify how the manifestations of the federal institutions of higher education, represented by their managers, are in front of the growing presence of university rankings in the media, specifically, in the moments of the results release. The question to be answered: is it possible to identify the intentions of the IFES managers through their statements and declarations with the publication of the results of university rankings on websites? The research focused on the search for manifestations on university rankings entirely through virtual means, using the Google search engine and the IFES' own search engines. In the research, 757 manifestations on the Internet about university rankings were collected and analyzed, of which 462 contained information about the institutions object of this research. Of this subtotal, 147 contained statements by representatives of the IFES, in the figures of rectors, pro-rectors, course coordinators, directors, among others, on which the qualitative analyzes were carried out. This practice used in the research was not able to identify the intention of most of the IFES to use planned actions that would make it possible to obtain improved performance in rankings.
Orientação espiritual e ideação suicida entre usuários de substâncias psicoativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Cruz, Jefferson Pereira Maciel da; Gonçalves, Angelica Martins de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6648011576049252; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3607017049640218
Objective: To compare the relationship between spiritual orientation and suicidal ideation, according to the use of psychoactive substances, by people in rehabilitation process. Method: Cross-sectional, analytical study, with users of psychoactive substances in three institutions in southeastern Brazil, aged 18 years or older, of both genders. We applied a structured interview with sociodemographic information; a screening test for involvement with alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs; a Brazilian version of the Spirituality Self Rating Scale, and Beck's Suicidal Ideation Scale. For the analysis, descriptive statistics of the sociodemographic data were used, and the means of the groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. A 5% significance level was adopted. Results: Ninety-seven individuals participated in the study. The predominant sociodemographic characteristics were: male (91.8%), mean age 44 years, single (63.9%), and catholic (37.1%). Substance use screening identified higher frequency of probable dependence for alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine. When comparing the relationship between spiritual orientation and suicidal ideation, there were differences between the groups, with significant results for alcohol and marijuana users. In both groups, the highest levels of importance of spirituality were detected among heavy users, however, the risk of suicide was increased in the category of probable dependents. Conclusion: The scientific literature mostly evidences spirituality as a protective factor for suicidal behavior, while substance use tends to be a risk factor. This study, in turn, by recruiting people in the rehabilitation process, found that there may be some specificity of these relationships by focusing on users of different substances. Thus, new studies investigating the relationship between spirituality, suicide risk, and substance use in its diversity (type of drug, pattern, polyuse) and stages of readiness to change consumption are essential to generate evidence capable of contributing to the improvement of unique therapeutic projects, both in Primary Care and in specialized care.
Movimento sociais e formação de professoras e professores de ciências em artigos nacionais e internacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Souza, Ivania Aparecida de; Calzolari Neto, Anselmo João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4906309581958797; Sebastiani, Renata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9773755519907716; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7776747942848219
The present work aimed to identify if there is a contribution of scientific research that articulates the formation of teachers and social movements. We emphasize that this theme is related to the training of professionals who practice critical reflection, praxis and dialogue (FREIRE & SHOR, 1986) when teaching their subjects. The research had data collection on a qualitative basis, having as reference the bibliographical research (LIMA and MIOTO, 2007) where four articles were found, two Brazilians and two Colombians, and the analysis was performed according to the theory of Discursive Textual Analysis (ATD) (MORAES and GALIAZZI, 2006). When developing the processes indicated in the ATD, we highlighted more than one category for each of the articles and the analyzes were carried out according to categories defined a priori. Data collection was performed using the descriptors of teacher education and social/popular/popular social movements, along with the Web of Science and Scielo databases, with a chronological parameter established for the period between 2011 and 2020. Through these searches, they were selected four articles that were within the established parameters and through the analysis of the documents we were able to identify theoretical approaches by some, and approaches to the critical reflections that the authors inserted throughout the text, some of which will be highlighted. We conclude that the field of research involving the training of female teachers and social movements has a scarcity of publications, especially when we think about the training of female teachers specifically for the teaching of science, which indicates that it is an area with perspectives for future research.
Plantando agroflorestas, colhendo transformações: transição agroecológica e alimentação em uma comunidade quilombola no Vale do Ribeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Silva, Ana Rita; Borsatto, Ricardo Serra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5988987575101933; Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0080353709980071; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5310316096694115
Considering that the conformation of the current food system imposes several obstacles to the social reproduction of peasant agriculture, exploring alternatives that reduce social inequality in the countryside, environmental damage and that value Sovereignty and Food and Nutritional Security is of fundamental importance. In view of this, this research had as its main objective the study of agroforestry systems as a strategic tool for the agroecological transition from fragile traditional systems, highlighting the main changes, especially with regard to the feeding of families. To this end, fieldwork was carried out in the Remanescente Quilombola Community (CRQ) Areia Branca, located in Vale do Ribeira, southeastern Brazil. This is a typically rural region and has one of the lowest Human Development Indexes (HDI) in the country, however, in recent years, it has stood out with relevant experiences in the adoption of agroecologically based systems. The research had a qualitative approach, using the following methodological instruments: bibliographic survey, application of semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The results demonstrate that the SAFs made it possible to strengthen the relative autonomy of farming families in agricultural production and commercialization, as well as in food. However, the interconnection of various components that acted as facilitators in this process should be considered, in particular the action of the Cooperafloresta association, which provided the construction of knowledge, stimulated the strengthening of collective ties between families and provided means that enabled the flow of production. In general, this work provides data that help to understand how agroforestry systems, developed within an agroecological approach, enable social, economic and food transformations, based on Food and Nutritional Sovereignty and Security, contributing to the (re)production of agriculture peasant.
Miss Marple e a figuração da mulher no romance policial inglês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Moraes, Adelle Paiva Proença de; Ferreira, Carla Alexandra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5522506928191940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9940415321872892
Agatha Christie is, still in contemporary times, one of the biggest names in the 20th century detective novel, with works consumed around the world for more than a century, highlighting its relevance in the literature of the genre. This dissertation aims to interpret the tenth detective novel published by the author, Murder at the Vicarage (1930) [Assassinato na Casa do Pastor, 2013]. To this end, we chose to read from the perspective of dialectical criticism, which promotes a dialogue between literature and society. The reading will be guided by the three interpretative levels proposed by Fredric Jameson, in order to articulate the form – or the manifest content of the work – to the social issues raised in the plot, such as the urgency of a female role in the 20th century English patriarchal society. For this purpose, the choice for a novel that introduces a female character as a detective elucidates the issues of women's protagonism in the social sphere and figured in the work in question.
A teoria social de Guerreiro Ramos: a formação de um habitus sociológico na periferia do capitalismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Caldas, Alan; Cepêda, Vera Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7011441525925785
This thesis has as its object of study the social theory of the Brazilian sociologist Alberto Guerreiro Ramos (1915–1982), developed during the years 1935–1955. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse the author's journey through the Brazilian intellectual field and show how he formulated its social theory, both from the point of view of the social conditions and from of the structure of meaning that organizes its concepts. From a theoretical- methodological point of view, we use the concepts of habitus and social fields, derived from the work of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, with a hermeneutic perspective of interpretation of concepts. Our guiding hypothesis is that Ramos developed his sociological theory, especially between 1946 and 1953, conditioned, on the one hand, by the metatheory that the author adopted in his youth (between 1935–1943) and by his experience in institutions such as the Administrative Department of the Public Service, Black People's Experimental Theater (Teatro Experimental do Negro) and the Economic Advisory Office of the presidency of the second Vargas government. Of special note in this process was the author's confrontation with American sociology, especially that originating from the Chicago School, disseminated and consolidated in Brazil by Donald Pierson. For this intellectual combat the author used, in addition to the meta-theory of his youth, also the theories of blackness, ECLAC developmentalism and German sociology. We concluded that the author's social theory was structured as a sociology of knowledge capable of thinking about the imbalances of rationalization processes in the periphery of capitalism and also capable of providing subsidies for the individual to understand and overcome, within certain limits, their conditioning social.
A formação em serviço e a construção da coletividade nas htpcs por professoras de educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Mauri, Caroline de Lira; Tedeschi, Wania; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5743322664981581; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5131270718261275
This research aims to analyse how kindergarten teachers express themselves about the collective experiences in HTPCs (Hours/Hour of Collective Pedagogical Work) and the influence of this moment on the reflection on their practice and the organization of teaching. It is an analysis of the participants' understanding and this research is qualitative and interpretive nature. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted out with 5 (five) selected participants, of which 2 (two) responded to the pilot script and 3 (three) to the final interview script, prepared from the notes made during the qualification of this dissertation. The data obtained were listed according to the research question: How do kindergarten teachers understand the collective work in HTPCs in relation to the possibility of this help in reflecting on the practice? Data were divided into three categories of analysis, namely: 1) Participation and Motivation; 2) The sense of the collective for the teachers participating in the research; 3) Continuing Education in HTPCs and the influence of collective work in the organization of teaching and teaching practice. The results show that the teachers understand the collective work associated with the HTPC as a moment in which they can discuss issues relevant to their daily lives. The professors recognize the meetings as an opportunity to reflect on the practice that influences the organization of teaching, in addition, they recognize the HTPCs as an opportunity for continuing education. However, elements that hinder the occurrence of the collective were identified, such as the presence of the coordinating teacher as a “guide” for the interviewees, demonstrating the difference in roles .
Coatings cerâmicos de alta emissividade como soluções energéticas para fornos industriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Sako, Eric Yoshimitsu; Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8928860067817842
Aiming at alternatives to reduce the impacts from the excessive consumption of non-renewable energy sources by the industrial sector, the present work highlights an important technological aspect with the development of innovative high emissivity coatings by using available and low cost refractory precursors, such as spinel (MgAl2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2). High emissivity values (ε = 0.85) were achieved even at high temperatures (1500°C), due to the precise engineering of electronic bands structures, which made the electronic transition mechanism into the major radiation absorption, mainly at the spectrum range associated with the usual temperatures experienced by industrial furnaces. In order to assure that the promising laboratory results would indeed lead to industrial gains, a very reliable emissivity measurement technique was carried out in this thesis and a radiation numeric model was developed by using an open source software which not only attested the actual benefits of such novel coatings, but also introduced new possibilities for simulating high temperature operations. In addition, an extensive database containing the electronic configuration of a vast number of ceramics molecules were evaluated, resulting in the discovery of distinct high emissivity compounds which could be explored for the next generation of low cost and high efficiency materials.
Professores/as negros/as: trajetórias e tentativas de cooptação docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-30) Bueno, Rogério Donizetti; Silva, Eduardo Pinto e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3492708361349827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4171189057887569
This research has as its general objective to analyze, from the perspective of historical material-ism, the possibilities and modes of co-optation of black teachers in the neoliberal capitalist system. The specific objectives are: a) to historically reconstruct the insertion of the negro in the capitalist system and its double process of alienation; b) to understand the mechanisms of insertion or exclusion of black teachers in the trajectory of schooling, academic-university and work. Methodologically, this is a research of a qualitative approach, of bibliographic-documentary type, descriptive, argumentative, and analytical approach regarding the objec-tives. Data construction techniques are: survey of documents produced by INEP and IBGE, review of theses and dissertations on the website of the Digital Library of Theses and Disser-tations (BDTD) and articles in academic journals (SciELO), and interview with semi-structured script, recorded in audio, followed by transcription, systematization and analysis of the following categories: Alienation; Reification; Cooptation. The sampling of deponent sub-jects consists of five black teachers of higher education, from various institutions of private and public origin. The theoretical framework used focuses on the historical materialistic per-spective, using authors such as Florestan Fernandes, Caio Prado Junior, Clóvis Moura, José Carlos Mariátegui, Antônio Gramsci and others who take Karl Marx's work as an analytical basis and the concepts of alienation, reification, co-optation. We indicate the existence of structural racism, related to the economic system and corresponding institutional, social and cultural conditions, in which there are a series of contradictions and gradations between the condition of co-optation and autonomy.