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Crescimento inicial de espécies arbóreas nativas da Mata Atlântica em resposta ao controle de espécies indesejáveis e a fertilização mineral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-31)
Ornelas, Adélia Carla Santos
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Soares, Marcio Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
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Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840
Interventions in ecological restoration are very varied and the success of global efforts to implement it on a large scale depends on the capacity to develop and improve effective techniques and guidelines. Studying how silvicultural practices impact the growth of trees in forest restoration plantations is relevant, since the adoption of such practices can impact the ecological and economic aspects of forest restoration. We tested the hypothesis that native tree seedlings respond positively to the intensification of fertilization and weed control, even in areas of intensive agriculture with recurrent fertilization and chemical weed control before restoration planting. We carried out the study in Araras-SP, with 22 species of native trees, of which 11 are classified as fast-growing and wide canopy species (hereafter referred to as shade species), and the other 11 were species not classified as fast-growing or wide canopy species (hereafter referred to as diversity species), in an area previously destined for decades to intensive agriculture and with good levels of soil fertility for planting native trees. The experimental was completely randomized in a split-plot design, with 24 plots and four treatments: 1 - intensive weed control with fertilization; 2 - intensive weed control without fertilization; 3 - non-intensive weed control with fertilization; and 4 - non-intensive weed control without fertilization. In addition to the mowing of the seedlings, in intensive control there was application of glyphosate-based herbicide every three months and in non-intensive mechanized mowing every six months, both between rows. Fertilization carried out was with NPK in three moments, we applied 53 kg ha-1 of N, 35 kg ha-1 of P and 51 kg ha-1 of K. We evaluated the basal diameter at the ground level, the total tree height, and the crown projection area, in three distinct periods, four, 10 and 16 months after planting. We submitted the results to analysis using a generalized linear model and a post hoc test (Emmeans) to assess significant differences (p < 0.05). Individually, the planting group and the species influence of all growth variables investigated, fertilization only influenced the increase in basal diameter and the method of weed control did not influence any of the measured variables. The interaction between the weed control and tree species influenced the three variables, the fertilization with planting group influenced the height increase and the fertilization interaction with the species influenced the increases in basal diameter and height. In general, shade species showed greater growth than those in the diversity species group, but this growth was variable when we looked at the tree species and not all shade species showed greater increments than the diversity species. Although forest intensification is generally an advantageous practice for tropical forest restoration plantations, our results show that in an area previously used for intensive agriculture, its benefits at 16 months are not remarkable. Thus, both local and historical factors must be incorporated in the decision to intensify forestry in forest restoration.
Análise sobre a atuação de profissionais da psicologia com adolescentes em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas em unidades de internação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-31)
Gomes, Ariane Rico
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Pessoa, Alex Sandro Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4333565964821090
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5508877355124819
Since the creation of SINASE, psychologists have been designated as part of the minimum team in the care of adolescents in compliance of socio-educational measures. Thus, an increase was expected, both in the number of professionals working in this segment and in the scientific productions in the area, which underlie the performance. Based on these considerations, this research was divided into two studies. In Study 1, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was carried out in order to analyze Brazilian scientific production in the field of psychology, with respect to the theme of socio-education, since the creation of SINASE (2006) to the year 2020. Twenty-six studies were found, the majority being cross-sectional exploratory, mostly developed in the Southeast and South regions, and focusing on adolescents in inpatient units. The lack of studies on scientifically validated interventions and longitudinal studies was highlighted. In addition, the need for investment in psychological science in other regions of the country was evidenced, considering that the criminal trajectories can vary according to the context in which the adolescent is inserted. In Study 2, we sought to characterize the profile of psychology professionals working in internment units in the state of São Paulo, as well as to verify the knowledge of these professionals about the guidelines that support their practices, and their perception of their own performance. For this purpose, a self-administered questionnaire was built, administered via Google Forms, consisting of 4 sections, namely: 1) sociodemographic data (such as gender, age, income, length of experience), 2) higher education (type of university time of training, postgraduation), 3) Theoretical and practical knowledge of the guidelines to professional practice (SINASE, 2006; 2012 and CFP, 2010) and 4) perception of their own professional performance. The questionnaire underwent content validation, with 51 items referring to the last two sections. The instrument was answered by 93 psychology professionals working in internment units in the state of São Paulo. Most of the sample consisted by women, with an average age of 43.3 years, graduated in private universities and hired through public examination. Participants obtained high scores, both in knowledge about the guidelines for action and in their perception of the work performed. The need for studies in different regions of the country is discussed, as well as the importance of the topic of socio-education in psychology training.
O aumentativo como expressão de hierarquia na língua tukano: uma análise semântico-pragmática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-31)
Antunes, Roger Alfredo de Marci Rodrigues
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Conde, Dirceu Cleber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2630773088169073
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7929075503955558
This work aims to investigate the indexical anchorages that present social hierarchy in the Tukano language (ethnic and linguistic family from South America) regarding its pronominal use. It is well known that among various spheres of relations social hierarchies are somehow represented in the speech and are motivated in social groups by consanguineous, religious and financial relations. As far as indigenous languages are concerned, the Tukano language has been very productive in relation to the use of hierarchical markers, which differentiate from their conventional pronominal anchorages. It means that in the family contexts this language is rich in the representation of distance among their speakers. To carry out this research, interviews of native speakers of Tukano had been performed through the application of semi-directed investigation protocol. The questionnaires consisted of the validation of sentences created by linguists for the natives. Besides that and because it is a semantic-pragmatic analysis, being dependent on contextual options, it was also requested for the natives to select the most applicable sentence among many different situational contents. The analysis showed that in certain situations when Tukano speakers need to communicate, for instance as speaking to a superiorized subject, the augmentative morpheme occurs within their speech forms, according to this research’s initial hypothesis. A good example of this phenomenon is the sentence: mi’îhó yɨ’îre kumupatá mi'ĩtiasa’, that means “could big you bring the chair?” (here mi’î → you and -hó → the enhanced suffix) which would be used by a child or younger person to address his parent or an elderly within the family. This means different linguistic procedures are used depending on whether the speaker, in his speech context, addresses someone of the same level or a superior figure. To test that hypothesis various analyses had been carried out under two different but complementary fields. First, the Expressive Dimension (POTTS, 2005; 2007 and FORTIN, 2011) which allows to conclude that this morpheme works on a temporal degree, not only on a spatial degree, as the augmentative morpheme is used to be represented. Secondly, the Honorification (LEVINSON, 2007 [1983]) that permits to define the phenomenon through the point of view of pragmatics. This work intends to contribute to the study of representation of the social hierarchy of Tukano individuals as an universal element in natural languages within both fields of Pragmatics and Semantics. Furthermore, it will hopefully bring more attention to the Tukano language and to contribute to its revitalization.
Currículo de língua portuguesa para surdos da Secretaria Municipal da Cidade de São Paulo: um estudo exploratório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-31)
Almeida, Thayná Carvalho de
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Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025159769379448
Aiming at the importance of bilingual education for the deaf and teaching PL as L2 for deaf people, a topic of great importance in the field of deafness, the present work aims to object of analysis the Portuguese Language Curriculum for the deaf in the city of São Paulo focusing on the literacy cycle (1st-3rd year of elementary school), with the objective of general: observe the articulation between the theoretical elements and the practical proposition of the Curriculum of the City Portuguese Language as a Second Language for the Deaf; and as a goal Specific: describe the role of the other in this document. It is a search qualitative, of a documentary nature, contrasting with the theoretical assumptions and practical, it was observed that there are discordant points in relation to these assumptions. It is expected that the present research will contribute to the proposition of future curricula still more harmonious in their formulations.
Avaliação dos efeitos de doses sub-anestésicas de cetamina sobre o medo condicionado à luz em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-31)
Magalhães, Mylena Silva
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Oliveira, Amanda Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4993675879410961
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5614538469944761
Fear and anxiety play a key role in ensuring survival. Both are adaptive reactions that organisms exhibit in response to threatening situations. Although they are adaptive, they can become clinically relevant and turn out on anxiety disorders. The pharmacological treatments commonly used for these disorders increase anxiety symptoms in the initial therapeutic phase, a characteristic that can make treatment adherence difficult. The glutamatergic system plays a central role in aversive conditioning and the pathogenesis of anxiety. Thus, pharmacological agents capable of modulating this neurotransmission can be effective for the treatment of anxiety-related disorders. Recent studies have shown that ketamine, an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, has the potential to act on anxiety symptoms quickly and effectively when administered in sub-anesthetic doses. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential effects of ketamine, at different doses and times of administration, on the acquisition, consolidation, expression, and extinction of conditioned fear. For this, 192 male Wistar rats were used. Ketamine was administered intraperitoneally, at doses of 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg. The drug was administered 30 minutes before training (experiment 1), immediately after training (experiment 2), 30 minutes before the test (experiment 3) or immediately after the test (experiment 4). Ketamine at a dose of 30 mg/kg, administered 30 minutes before training, attenuated the freezing response in the training session and in the following test and retest sessions, 24 and 48 hours after training. The same effect was not observed for the 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg doses. Ketamine administered immediately after fear conditioning training had no significant effect on the following test and retest sessions. The administration of ketamine at doses of 20 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, 30 minutes before the test, impaired extinction, an effect observed in the retest session. Finally, ketamine administered immediately after the test session did not alter freezing in the retest session. Overall, these results indicate that ketamine interferes with the processing of aversive memories and, consequently, with the behavioral expression of fear. Both dose and timing of administration appear to be important factors in the effects of ketamine on conditioned fear. Additional studies are needed to replicate the findings of the present study and to investigate molecular processes underlying the effects of ketamine on aversive memory acquisition and extinction.
Produção de biossurfactante por Rhodotorula mucilaginosa em hidrolisado hemicelulósico do bagaço de malte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-31)
Vieira Neta, Maria dos Remédios Araújo
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Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4173715086312918
The residues from agro-industries are rich in carbohydrates and are currently being studied for the production of several value-added products (biosurfactants, biogas, ethanol, xylitol, amino acids, vitamins, enzymes, biocomposites, etc.). The reuse of waste is an ecologically viable alternative, as it contributes to reducing the pollution of the environment and valuing these, coming from agribusiness. Among these residues, malt bagasse (BM) stands out, which is a lignocellulosic residue from the brewing agribusinesses, produced on a large scale throughout the world. This residue is mainly destined as animal feed; however, the offer exceeds the demand. Thus, it is necessary to search for new alternatives for the reuse of the BM. Some studies report that BM can be used as a supplement in the human diet due to its high fiber and protein content, and it is also widely studied for the production of ethanol and xylitol. However, in the literature there are no reports on the production of biosurfactant from this residue. Thus, the main focus of this research was to study the potential of BM for biosurfactant production by the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa LBP5. From the physical-chemical characterization of BM, it was found that this biomass is rich in fibers, proteins, minerals and sugars. And for BM to be used in the fermentation process, its hydrolysis with dilute acid (1.6% H2SO4) was necessary to release the fermentable sugars present in the hemicellulose structure. The obtained hemicellulosic hydrolysates were used as carbon source by R. mucilaginosa LBP5 during the production of biosurfactant. The biosurfactant produced was anionic in nature, and through the FT-IR technique it can be inferred that it is of the glycolipids type, which has a Critical Micellar Concentration of 1.5 g/L, reduces the surface tension to 40,7 mN/m. Furthermore, it presented emulsifying properties (I.E% = 72%) and stability under extreme conditions such as temperature (4 – 80 ºC), pH (4-10) and salinity (2 – 8% NaCl). Thus, the BM hydrolyzate can be used as an alternative carbon source for the production of biosurfactant from yeast.
Efeitos de baixos teores de aditivos (TiFe, Fe, TiAl, Nb₂O₅) na cinética de absorção e dessorção de hidrogênio pelo sistema Mg/MgH₂
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-31)
Antiqueira, Flávio José
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Botta Filho, Walter José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
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Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6576844591900987
The hydrogen economy holds great promise in supplying our planet's urgent clean energy needs. The effective and safe hydrogen storage remains a major technological challenge. Thus, the H2 storage in metal hydrides of light materials continues to be pursued. Mg/MgH2 are still extensively researched, but limited by their slow kinetics and high temperatures in the H2 absorption/desorption. In recent works, it was noticed that Mg/MgH2 mixed with additives by the high energy ball milling allows reductions in the absorption/desorption temperatures. Thus, in the first stage of this work, the properties and kinetics of MgH2 processed by reactive milling under H2 (RM) with known additives in low fractions (2 mol% Fe, Nb2O5, TiAl and TiFe), under low temperatures were investigated. MgH2-TiFe showed the best results at 330 °C (desorption) and at low temperatures (absorption). The first H2 absorption was ≈ 2.67 wt.% (1 hour) and ≈ 4.44 wt.% (16 hours) at room temperature (40% and 67% of the maximum theoretical capacity, respectively). The MgH2-TiFe superior performance was attributed to the hydrogen attraction by the created high energy interfaces and to TiFe catalytic action. MgH2-Fe also showed good results, mainly due to the lower desorption temperature than MgH2-TiFe. Thus, in the following stages, it was decided to further investigate the kinetics and the rate limiting mechanisms of H2 reactions in nanocomposites of Mg-8 mol% Fe prepared by reactive milling for 10 and 24 hours. The results showed extremely fast H2 absorption/desorption at 300-350 °C, 10 bar H2 (absorption) and 0.13 bar H2 (desorption). Nanocomposites with MgH2, low Fe fractions and without Mg2FeH6 are suggested as more suitable for H2 storage under mild conditions, and nanocomposites with MgH2 and higher Mg2FeH6 fraction are better for storing thermal-chemical energy under more severe conditions.
Extratos vegetais na agricultura e no tratamento de sementes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-31)
Carvalho, Ricardo da Silva
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Silva, Mariana Altenhofen da
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Borges, Maria Tereza Mendes Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8251375009305202
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1800048119205212
In response to the harmuful effects of the use of toxic substances in agriculture, researches has advanced in the devopment of alternative solutions, aiming to understand the effectiveness of plant extracts in agriculture. The aim of this research was to understand, through a systematic review, the situation of research and scientific dissemination, as well as how current science has approached the use of plant extracts in agriculture, especially in the aplication of seeds, in addition to characterizing the main classes of metabolites found on these studies. A high number of publication was observed in the last ten Years, mainly on the Years 2018, 2019 and 2020, with Brazil being the country with the largest number of researches on this area of study. Phytopathogenic organisms, insect control, biostimulant effect, resistance induction and herbicide effect have been the main themes explored for use in agriculture. Between 2015 and 2020 was the period with the highest rates of researches which explored plants extracts in agriculture focused in identify or quantify the presence of metabolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are a priority class of metabolites for different function, effects and applications in agriculture, mainly in seed treatment. Terpenes have great potential as bioinsecticide for agriculture. Plant species rich in phenolic compound and terpenes are potencial sources of alternative biocontrol for the protection of productive system.
Envolvimento do usuário na elicitação de requisitos em projetos ágeis de desenvolvimento de softwares empresariais sob demanda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-31)
Porto, Ana Paula da Silva
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Silva, Sérgio Luis da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4164265591178698
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9190720125886123
Although the literature shows a growing interest in the use of agile methodologies as a strategy to minimize problems in relation to unmet customer expectations, little is still known about how requirements engineering contributes to this purpose. In this sense, the goal of this research is to understand how the involvement of the end user in the agile management of on-demand enterprise software development occurs in order to meet customer expectations. To do so, it looks at the activity of requirements elicitation, which is related to the planned effort in search of the real needs and desires for a project, being more proactive than the simple collection of information. Through systematic reviews of the literature, this study analyzed 25 relevant studies whose synthesis of the data indicated that the theorists of these areas propose definitions for product vision and methods to conceive it, however, the definitions are partial and have limitations such as, for example, high level of abstraction that makes it difficult to operationalize the concept. The methods found are not able to systematize the user's involvement in the process. In order to align the practice and the research objective, a case study was conducted that followed a project of a software development company and its respective customer, carefully observing the agile requirements elicitation phase and its relationship with the acceptance of the product by the users. After consolidating the information, the study reinforced that the success in eliciting requirements from the interaction with software users can be achieved if the communication process is carried out with a minimum of noise. The study also resulted in the need to elicit the requirements from the user's point of view, translating them into a language close to the developers, avoiding difficulties in compression. It became evident that the active participation of the customer, overriding the user, creates barriers to the requirements elicitation phase. A relevant finding is related to the use of hybrid practices in the case, even when the company believes to use, purely, the agile approach. Another relevant insight of this study is the critical role of the Product Owner being an external figure to the development team, impacting the development team's clear understanding of what features are needed in the product.
Análise técnico-econômica-ambiental da produção de nanocelulose em biorrefinarias de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-31)
Batista, Gustavo
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
The production of ethanol, sugar and energy in Brazilian sugarcane biorefineries generates a large number of residues, such as bagasse and straw. An alternative is the reuse of these residues as feedstock for obtaining cellulose nanomaterials, high valueadded biomaterials with innovative applications in several sectors and projection of great market growth in the coming years. However, the economic and environmental potential of nanocellulose production technologies from sugarcane residues still need to be evaluated to subsidize investments in this sector. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the technical, economic and environmental feasibilities of different process routes for obtaining cellulose nanomaterials in a process unit attached to a sugarcane biorefinery. For this, process modeling and analysis tools were applied, using previous data obtained in literature and field experts’ information. Mass and energy balances were developed for different Case Studies. The economic feasibility of these scenarios was evaluated by calculating the MPSP (Minimum Product Selling Price) of nanocellulose that reaches the Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return (MARR) arbitrated for the investment. In turn, the Life Cycle Analysis of the processes indicated the technologies with the lower environmental impacts. It is expected that this work generates results that indicate investment opportunities for sugarcane biorefineries that plan to diversify their product portfolio. Furthermore, researchers will be able to use the results to focus efforts on optimizing the most viable routes towards increasing the productive potential of the nanocellulose industry.
Programa de Coleta Seletiva Solidária em universidade sob o olhar da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-31)
Flamini, Silvia Helena
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Printes, Liane Biehl
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3337322540074702
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Zanin, Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9685965969782429
In Brazil, experiences have been developed on solid waste management in federal institutions of higher education, since they are considered major generators of this waste and must comply with Federal Decree No. 5.940/06, which institutes the separation and disposal of their recyclable solid waste to cooperatives or associations of waste pickers. At the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) there is the Permanent Program for Management and Shared Management of Solid Waste and Selective Solidarity Collection at UFSCar (called the Program) in São Carlos, Sorocaba, Araras and Lagoa do Sino campuses. In São Carlos, there is the partnership with COOPERVIDA, which is the municipal work cooperative of waste pickers, and the extension project “Solidarity Selective Collection at UFSCar: Environmental Management and Education”, which is linked with this Program, comprising two fronts of performance: one directed to management with the monitoring and follow-up of COOPERVIDA's equipment and work and another specific to Environmental Education. The general objective of this research is to identify favoring aspects that expand the socio-environmental, political and cognitive potential related to solidary selective collection under the prism of the field of Science, Technology and Society and the view of Solidarity Technoscience, in addition to specifically proposing sociotechnical artifacts fundamental for the further elaboration of indicators, by the university management, as instruments of analysis and monitoring of the solidary selective collection at UFSCar. As a methodological strategy, a case study was carried out on the institution's headquarters campus, with the development of exploratory-descriptive field research of the quanti-qualitative type, applying a network of actions that consisted of consulting official documents and socio-environmental legislation; investigate the current institutional political status; analyze the infrastructure of the Selective Solidarity Collection Program; collect data and perceptions of social groups directly related to actions of solidary selective collection; consult academic-scientific literature on sustainability indicators in the management and management of recyclable solid waste; and consult the available literature on Solidarity Technoscience. According to the results presented and discussed, UFSCar's solidary selective collection ends up in a network of actions composed of social groups that need to actively participate in decision-making, as a rapprochement of the university to solidary selective collection and waste pickers can reduce or mitigate problems and conflicts on campus, maximizing the resulting social, political and environmental potential. In this sense, an institutional commitment is needed to support the actions of solidary selective collection with regard to political and economic aspects, ensuring compliance with legal instruments, investment on financial and human resources. In addition, solidary selective collection can also promote actions in the field of knowledge production, human (trans)formation and technoscientific innovation based on a cognitive proposal that brings the collectivity, solidarity and belonging of social groups related to its actions, building knowledge that serve as a cognitive alternative that proposes different values, given the current paradigm of technoscientific production characterized by intellectual appropriation and social exclusion. The solidary selective collection adequate to the Solidarity Technoscience molds is the basis for the construction of a cognitive and political platform to be used as a means for cultural, institutional and scientific-technological change, as it carries the potential of (re)modeling conducts and values, as well as forming critical positions regarding the conception of the socio-environmental context, thus becoming synonymous with the provision of quality public services.
Estrutura matrilinear de populações ex situ e in situ do mico leão preto (Leontopithecus chrysopygus Mikan, 1823) e insights para seu manejo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-31)
Modena, Pamela Zaganin
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Freitas, Patrícia Domingues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5647631868534064
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5574454064063375
The Leontopithecus chrysopygus species, popularly known as the black lion tamarin (MLP), has been suffering from the fragmentation of its natural habitat, which limits gene flow and results in a decrease in genetic variability and an increase in inbreeding within populations. The genetic-population study and the establishment of genetic diversity parameters, based on molecular data from mitochondrial DNA, allow the characterization of the structure and historical genetic diversity within and between populations, and this information is important to help manage the species and maintain genetic variation both in free-living and captive populations. In this work, the matrilineal structure of ex situ and in situ groups was evaluated with the aim of generating insights to support decisions on long-term management and conservation of the species. Additionally, pedigree data were analyzed to establish kinship relationships among captive animals. The control region (D-loop) of the mitochondrial genome was evaluated in 43 MLPs from five free-living populations and 32 captive individuals kept at the Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo (FPZSP, SP); 19 individuals at the Rio de Janeiro Primate Center and 20 at the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust (DWCT, Jersey). The generated sequences were analyzed using different computational tools to characterize the haplotype diversity and genetic structure of the evaluated groups. Pedigree analysis showed lower relatedness values in FPZSP than in CPRJ and DWCT. The analysis of mitochondrial data showed a total of seven haplotypes, only three of them (H1, H2 and H3) being shared between free-living and captive individuals. The mean value of haplotypic diversity (Hd) was higher in free-living (0.752) than in captivity (0.589). The existence of unique haplotypes in FPZSP, in addition to the low haplotype diversity observed in DWCT and its absence in CPRJ, highlights the urgent need for a metapopulation management that aims to preserve a broader base of matrilineal genetic diversity in these two institutions. The presence of a unique haplotype in FPZSP also indicates the need to expand the analyzes in in situ populations. On the other hand, unique haplotypes were found in in situ populations, indicating that contemporary ex situ populations do not retain historical matrilineal diversity representative of the free-living populations evaluated so far. This study brings important data that can help future integrated metapopulation management plans that target genetic-based translocation and reintroduction actions.
Percepção ambiental dos servidores públicos e empregados terceirizados de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-31)
Pires, Suenylse Antunes
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Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3576937472687059
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0477671092874954
The Public Administration, through its university education institutions, has the potential to promote management guided by environmental responsibility and commitment to social issues, beeing an example to society as a model of environmental management. However, IT requires awareness, sensitiveness and attention of outsourced servers and employees about environmental issues, because this behavior can lead to greater engagement and willingness to change the use and consumption of natural resources and public goods. Therefore, the objective of this research is to evaluate the environmental perception of public servants and outsourced employees of the Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba site, regarding to issues related to the rational consumption of natural resources, the disposal of materials and the acquisition of consumer goods and material in common use in the institution. For this purpose, a qualitative and quantitative research was developed, with an exploratory and descriptive character, in which the method used is the case study. The theoretical-conceptual basis was made through the bibliographical review to understand the theory of environmental perception. As a data collection instrument, a questionnaire was used, divided into six sections with open and closed questions with the intention to know the profile of respondents and their perceptions about this topic. The data analysis alowed the stratification of the sample and the results pointed out that the understanding and vision of the environment among the categories analyzed presented distinct ranges between them, with specific variations between education level, age, gender and time of experience in the institution. in addition, contributions were made to the resolution of environmental obstacles faced by the community with suggestions for improvement in infrastructure and especially in waste management. Finally, the study allowed to understand the complex relationship between the subject and its environment, which points in common reflect individual behavior and attitudes from the individual to the collective point, as well as the differentiation and meaning of subgroups between categories.
A autodeterminação informativa como fundamento da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Brasileira: uma análise a partir da LGPD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-01)
Mahle, Ana Cristina Oliveira
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Martinez, Vinício Carrilho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7916014556126573
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9433724244059583
“Your data are you”, this is a phrase from the Coalizão dos Direitos na Rede campaign (COALIZÃO..., 2019), where it says that the issuance of an individual's birth certificate, personal information about Brazilian citizens becomes collected and stored. Whether interacting on social networks, using a public service, or even making a purchase at the pharmacy, this is part of an infinite universe, as each click that the individual makes on the internet produces new data to be collected, stored and used for some purpose. But what about the management of the data that is being collected, stored and traded as a disordered avalanche? What legal protection do people have through this indiscriminate processing of their data? In Brazil, there is a law that defines the rights and duties for the use of personal data. The General Data Protection Law is a law that came to define the rules for this data processing and brought the citizen as a central element of this regulation when it brings informational self-determination as a fundamental pillar in the management of this digital universe. Therefore, the aim of this study is to bring to light the need for transparency and access to information and education so that people can put this right into practice, that is, the individual's freedom and control over the flow of their information. It is an inductive method work because it demonstrates how scientific and technological knowledge produces changes in society and, even as to the results, it was evident that the advancement of technology entails a greater volume of information every day. Therefore, it sought to reinforce and demonstrate that the current society is founded on the sharing of personal data as an economic asset and the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) which is very important in this context, especially because of the principles contained in this legislation, among them, good faith and transparency. This law came into effect in September 2020, with the exception of Articles 52 to 54, which deal with administrative sanctions, which will come into force in August 2021. This legislation sets parameters on this excessive data sharing, as well as establishing guidelines for governance and inspection of this current 'transit' of personal data, which is the raw material of this 'cloud' society. Furthermore, this law reinforces two fundamental rights that are increasingly important for the management of this new universe governed by data, and mainly informational selfdetermination and the right to data protection, which will be analyzed in the course of this work.
Terras, poéticas e lutas nas margens do rio Ribeira de Iguape: modos quilombolas de conceituar e manejar o mundo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-01)
Santos, Alessandra Regina
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Morawska Vianna, Catarina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2245801371286766
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8480799884111503
This thesis examines how the Quilombola-riverine people who inhabit the Atlantic Forest region in Vale do Ribeira, in southern São Paulo State, draw places, relationships, practices and knowledges by using unique perceptions of life and death, land and water, strength and struggle. The goal is to reflect ethnographically on the movements those collectives perform with the Ribeira de Iguape River in order to understand the multiple human and nonhuman, visible and invisible lives that pass through its waters, as well as their strategies to (re)exist and shape places suitable for coexistence. In this setting, life and death cycles guide the conceptualization and management of places, marking bodies and forms of engagement in the fight for land and water. By following the contrasting images and conceptual links explained by my interlocutors throughout my fieldwork between the months of October 2017 and August 2019, this study proposes an ethnographic writing exercise that is able to reveal the political and cosmological forces along with the existential poetics involved in producing bodies, lands, persons, and struggles among those peoples.
O ensino de botânica na educação básica: dificuldades e o jogo como alternativa didática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-01)
Pereira, Jason Cardozo
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Souto, Letícia Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9284280370140756
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8706294571378528
The teaching-learning process of botany has been frequently reported as difficult by students from the basic education and your teachers, who point out many factors as contributing to this didactic difficulty. The objective of this work was to raise the factors that negatively influence the teaching of Botany, through a survey of scientific articles published between 2018 and 2020. For this, we searched for works using the CAPES Portal and Scielo, which contained the expression “Teaching of Botany” in the title, as keywords and/or in the abstract. Sixteen works were found, from all regions of the country and related to basic education. After this survey, we observed that the massive amount of content, terms, concepts and processes, associated with the social effects of the phenomenon called “botanical blindness”, has contributed to the perpetuation of this problem. Along with this, the scarcity of proposals for alternative activities to traditional content classes proved to be one of the most present difficulties in the basic education network, aggravating this situation even more, causing students to distance themselves from botany, starting to observe it as something uninteresting and too complex. Among the alternative activities is the use of games in the classroom, with a didactic approach. This alternative is supported and recommended by Organs public bodies that govern education in our country, in addition, several studies point out the advantages of approaching certain contents in a playful way. With this in mind, we developed, as an alternative didactic proposal, a didactic game about plant reproduction to serve as support material for teachers in the basic education network. The game entitled “Musgolizando” brings elements for the teacher to work on concepts about plant reproduction, alternating generation, production and dispersion of spores, production and dispersion of gametes.
Raman spectroscopy as a reliable tool for strain analysis in iii-nitride superlattices
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-02)
Oliveira, Fernando Maia de
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Teodoro, Marcio Daldin
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5602634309535528
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8371870888338431
Since its discovery, the Raman effect has been a great ally in the structural investigation of a wide variety of materials, from macro to nanoscale. However, despite the remarkable sensitivity of techniques based on Raman shift in detecting features associated to atomic vibrations, a limit of accuracy in results is imposed by the imprecision in determining the parameters associated to the traditional method of interpretation of Raman shift. In this formulation, a linear association is considered between strain and Raman shift, which dependency is defined by a set of deformation potentials and elastic constants that have specific values for the material in analysis, depending for instance on its crystalline symmetry. This doctoral thesis presents an alternative method for performing more accurately strain analysis of nanostructures using Raman shift. To do so, a set of six -period were fabricated using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, defining different thickness of among distinct samples. The superlattices were analyzed by x-ray diffraction, displaying a distribution of in-plane tensile and compressive strain. By using optical microscopy, a mosaic of cracks was observed promoting the reduction of tensile strain in parts of the structure. The Raman shift was acquired in different positions of each superlattice, and then used to calibrate a nonlinear correlation model based on the phenomenon of lattice coherence with results from x-ray diffraction. Using the nonlinear model, the technique of micro-Raman was employed to perform one- and two-dimensional strain mappings of the superlattices, evidencing the distribution of values of strain around the lines of structural cracks. A strain dependence with the distance to cracks was also verified, exhibiting an approximately constant value of residual strain after a few micrometers apart from any line of crack. The maximum and minimum values of in-plane tensile strain in the layers of and in-plane compressive strain in the layers of are also dependent on the thickness of employed in each superlattice. This alternative interpretation of Raman shift allows not only the acquisition of more precise values of strain for nitrides superlattices, but it also shows applicability for a wide range of heterostructures in nanoscale.
Ensino dialógico e cultura científica na educação infantil: inter-relações mediadas pela linguagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-02)
Arraes, Jéssica Palácio
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Zuin, Luis Fernando Soares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3389666977978800
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
Starting from the premise of a necessary and urgent change of educational paradigm in the information society, this research seek to demonstrate another possibility of pedagogical practice and its approach with the scientific knowledge, trying to identify the relations between childhood culture and scientific culture, besides the mediation of this possible interpenetration through the language and the horizontality of the relations between the subjects of the educational act - particularly students, teachers, family and community in general. For this from the perspective of narrative research we seek to analyze the dialogic interactions present in a teaching context in early childhood education at the Child Care Unit of the Federal University of São Carlos with children aged three to five years old and the practice based on the dialogic approach to teaching performed in this environment, at first, a face-to-face context and then with all the implications that the Covid-19 pandemic brought to the scenario of early childhood education amid a serious health, humanitarian and educational crisis.
Os desafios da inovação no ensino médio: uma análise exploratória sobre práticas possíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-02)
Augusto, Luís Paulo Fagiolo
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Gracioso, Luciana de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7529871798124983
In recent years, the practice of innovation has been pointed out as a competitive differential in all sectors of the economy, especially those related to technology. In face of this scenario, the research question that guided the development of this work was: How has innovation been considered in the teaching-learning processes of High School in Brazil? To that end, the specific objectives of the research were: To describe the historical trajectory of education in Brazil, pointing out some historical limitations for the construction of its autonomy, since the colonial period; Partially contextualize, in the field of Science, Technology and Society, the cultural and social implications in education; Raise and examine laws and decrees that influence the teaching of innovation in education; Discuss how the relationship between innovation and education in Brazil took place; Raise and examine national projects and initiatives aimed at secondary education that contribute to the construction of teaching innovation. This research used an exploratory methodology, based on a bibliographic and documental analysis aiming at the search for knowledge and information aimed at understanding the factors of innovation in relation to the conducts used in education. It was concluded that it is complex to establish a standard on the best way to apply innovation in education, and more, what works for a certain country may not work for another, however, there is a common agreement on the need for change. It is premature to affirm that teaching innovation in education is a differential for the country's economic and social progress, however, we must pay attention to this reality.
Heat equation and the Yamabe flow on manifolds with fibered boundary metric
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-02)
Souza, Bruno Caldeira Carlotti de
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Vertman, Boris
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Hartmann Junior, Luiz Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4217613854338579
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2372725952336813
This work is dedicated to the study of the Yamabe flow on a class of non-compact complete Riemannian manifolds with fibered boundary and infinite volume, called Phi-manifolds. Some examples of this type of manifold include gravitational instantons, products of an asymptotically conical manifold with a closed manifold, and non-abelian magnetic monopoles. Through assumptions on the regularity of the initial scalar curvature, we prove both the existence and uniqueness of the flow for short time. Moreover, assuming the initial scalar curvature to be negative, bounded, and bounded away from zero, we show that the curvature-normalized flows exist for all time and, further, that they converge to some Riemannian metric with constant scalar curvature.