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Os desafios da inovação no ensino médio: uma análise exploratória sobre práticas possíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-02) Augusto, Luís Paulo Fagiolo; Gracioso, Luciana de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7529871798124983
In recent years, the practice of innovation has been pointed out as a competitive differential in all sectors of the economy, especially those related to technology. In face of this scenario, the research question that guided the development of this work was: How has innovation been considered in the teaching-learning processes of High School in Brazil? To that end, the specific objectives of the research were: To describe the historical trajectory of education in Brazil, pointing out some historical limitations for the construction of its autonomy, since the colonial period; Partially contextualize, in the field of Science, Technology and Society, the cultural and social implications in education; Raise and examine laws and decrees that influence the teaching of innovation in education; Discuss how the relationship between innovation and education in Brazil took place; Raise and examine national projects and initiatives aimed at secondary education that contribute to the construction of teaching innovation. This research used an exploratory methodology, based on a bibliographic and documental analysis aiming at the search for knowledge and information aimed at understanding the factors of innovation in relation to the conducts used in education. It was concluded that it is complex to establish a standard on the best way to apply innovation in education, and more, what works for a certain country may not work for another, however, there is a common agreement on the need for change. It is premature to affirm that teaching innovation in education is a differential for the country's economic and social progress, however, we must pay attention to this reality.
Heat equation and the Yamabe flow on manifolds with fibered boundary metric
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-02) Souza, Bruno Caldeira Carlotti de; Vertman, Boris; Hartmann Junior, Luiz Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4217613854338579; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2372725952336813
This work is dedicated to the study of the Yamabe flow on a class of non-compact complete Riemannian manifolds with fibered boundary and infinite volume, called Phi-manifolds. Some examples of this type of manifold include gravitational instantons, products of an asymptotically conical manifold with a closed manifold, and non-abelian magnetic monopoles. Through assumptions on the regularity of the initial scalar curvature, we prove both the existence and uniqueness of the flow for short time. Moreover, assuming the initial scalar curvature to be negative, bounded, and bounded away from zero, we show that the curvature-normalized flows exist for all time and, further, that they converge to some Riemannian metric with constant scalar curvature.
Ensino dialógico e cultura científica na educação infantil: inter-relações mediadas pela linguagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-02) Arraes, Jéssica Palácio; Zuin, Luis Fernando Soares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3389666977978800; Miotello, Valdemir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2558562222662092
Starting from the premise of a necessary and urgent change of educational paradigm in the information society, this research seek to demonstrate another possibility of pedagogical practice and its approach with the scientific knowledge, trying to identify the relations between childhood culture and scientific culture, besides the mediation of this possible interpenetration through the language and the horizontality of the relations between the subjects of the educational act - particularly students, teachers, family and community in general. For this from the perspective of narrative research we seek to analyze the dialogic interactions present in a teaching context in early childhood education at the Child Care Unit of the Federal University of São Carlos with children aged three to five years old and the practice based on the dialogic approach to teaching performed in this environment, at first, a face-to-face context and then with all the implications that the Covid-19 pandemic brought to the scenario of early childhood education amid a serious health, humanitarian and educational crisis.
Raman spectroscopy as a reliable tool for strain analysis in iii-nitride superlattices
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-02) Oliveira, Fernando Maia de; Teodoro, Marcio Daldin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5602634309535528; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8371870888338431
Since its discovery, the Raman effect has been a great ally in the structural investigation of a wide variety of materials, from macro to nanoscale. However, despite the remarkable sensitivity of techniques based on Raman shift in detecting features associated to atomic vibrations, a limit of accuracy in results is imposed by the imprecision in determining the parameters associated to the traditional method of interpretation of Raman shift. In this formulation, a linear association is considered between strain and Raman shift, which dependency is defined by a set of deformation potentials and elastic constants that have specific values for the material in analysis, depending for instance on its crystalline symmetry. This doctoral thesis presents an alternative method for performing more accurately strain analysis of nanostructures using Raman shift. To do so, a set of six -period were fabricated using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, defining different thickness of among distinct samples. The superlattices were analyzed by x-ray diffraction, displaying a distribution of in-plane tensile and compressive strain. By using optical microscopy, a mosaic of cracks was observed promoting the reduction of tensile strain in parts of the structure. The Raman shift was acquired in different positions of each superlattice, and then used to calibrate a nonlinear correlation model based on the phenomenon of lattice coherence with results from x-ray diffraction. Using the nonlinear model, the technique of micro-Raman was employed to perform one- and two-dimensional strain mappings of the superlattices, evidencing the distribution of values of strain around the lines of structural cracks. A strain dependence with the distance to cracks was also verified, exhibiting an approximately constant value of residual strain after a few micrometers apart from any line of crack. The maximum and minimum values of in-plane tensile strain in the layers of and in-plane compressive strain in the layers of are also dependent on the thickness of employed in each superlattice. This alternative interpretation of Raman shift allows not only the acquisition of more precise values of strain for nitrides superlattices, but it also shows applicability for a wide range of heterostructures in nanoscale.