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O desenvolvimento territorial urbano e sua transformação geoespacial entre os anos de 2000 e 2020 no município de Campinas - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-03) Azevedo, Guilherme Sarausa de; Stanganini, Fábio Noel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6774358264004600; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2862949314197203
The growth history of the city of Campinas contains many of the elements of the colonial city, an important center of sugar and later coffee production in the interior of São Paulo. However, it is from the process of industrialization and the migration of millions of workers from the countryside to the city, including Campinas, from the 1930s onwards, that there is a considerable growth in the urban area of the city. This growth was accentuated between the 1950s and 1970s, with the intensification of industrialization in Brazil, and a subsequent process of industrial deconcentration in São Paulo, which has the Campinas region as one of its main destinations. The urban growth of Campinas contains the contradictions of an industrialization process that took place with low wages and precarious jobs. It is a city that grew in a fragmented and often irregular way, largely as a result of the production of housing for the lower classes. After this period, the last decades of the last century had a much lower urban growth, mainly as a result of economic crises, which cooled and reversed the previous process of industrialization and, consequently, the population's attractiveness. This dissertation seeks to analyze how the expansion of the Urban Spot in the city of Campinas took place, between 2000 and 2020, through the production of thematic maps. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), a documental and qualitative analysis of the city's urban growth was carried out. Thus, the mechanics of dispersed urban growth were verified in Campinas, with some occupations of previously existing urban voids, mainly from large commercial projects or closed residential projects (closed condominiums and subdivisions), but still with the emergence of New Spots Fragmented urban areas. With the alteration of the Urban Perimeter in 2018, and the transformation of almost the entire rural area of the municipality into an area of urban expansion, there is a tendency for the process of fragmentation and dispersion of the city's growth to strengthen in the next period
Aplicação de ozônio em esgoto doméstico visando reúso agrícola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-03) Voltolini, Lisiana Crivelenti; Souza, Claudinei Fonseca; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4858219292242433; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7092607890970262
The increasing scarcity and demand for water in food production according to the need to seek sources of supply. Treated domestic sewage is a way to mitigate this problem; however, it is necessary to adapt it to legislative requirements. The use of ozone in the disinfection of domestic effluents has been used due to its oxidizing solid character, allowing the adjustment of its parameters for agricultural reuse. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the sanitary and agricultural viability of domestic effluent treated with different doses of ozone, through the analysis of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. The experiment was carried out on a laboratory bench, in which different dosages of ozone were applied: 0; 8; 15; 30; 45; and 60 mg L-1. The application time for each dosage was, respectively: 0 seconds; 14.4 seconds; 27 seconds; 54 seconds; 81 seconds; and 108 seconds. The effluent came from the Sewage Treatment Station in the municipality of Araras. The parameters obtained were: total coliforms, E. coli, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium. Ozonation did not alter the physical and chemical composition of wastewater, indicating an important advantage in terms of potential agricultural reuse. However, the pathogenic load of E. coli was not reduced enough for the effluent to be used in agriculture. The results obtained further investigate the effects of ozone in relation to the efficiency of domestic treatment, so that we can advance in understanding these interactions in order to identify dosages and ideal exposure time, making the wastewater safe for agricultural reuse.
Avaliação do co-cultivo de bactérias e microalga Chlorella sorokiniana no tratamento de efluentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-03) Dutra, Júlia Fonseca; Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3339282201774885
Pollution is a social and health problem, the lack of sewer treatment together with its incorrect disposal are one of the leading sources of aquatic pollution. Microalgae are microorganisms which have the potential for tertiary sewer treatment since they are resistant to temperature and luminosity variations, are able to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide, providing sustenance for heterotrophic organisms, such as bacterias, who will decompose it and recycle it. On the other hand, some bacteria use the produced oxygen by the microalgae and produce compounds that increase vegetal growth. The objective of this study was to verify bacteria and microalgae C. sorokiniana capacity to promote microalgal growth and remove nutrients from the system. With that considered, four batches were analyzed, comparing microorganisms’ performance in piggery effluent and in the UASB reactor effluent from Monjolinho’s Sewage Treatment Station, evaluating the co-culture and aeration influence in microalgal growth, as well as the dissolved phosphorus and nitrogen removal. Four different samples were evaluated: microalgae alone, with biofilm bacteria consortia, with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and with IAA (indole acetic acid) producer bacteria. All four batches were carried in 2-liter flasks with 1 liter of effluent volume, at 27ºC (±4ºC) with 12/12 hours photoperiod and inoculated with 105 and 104 cell/ml microalgae and bacteria, respectively. The results obtained with the UASB reactor effluent were superior to those with piggery effluent, achieving 107 cell/ml. Analyzing cellular growth, none of the consortia reached superior results when compared to microalgae alone. However, when analyzing phosphorus and nitrogen removal, the consortia with the phosphorus solubilizing bacteria stood out, achieving phosphorus removal of 84% from the initial concentration. Therefore, aiming for the effluent treatment and nutrient removal, the C. sorokiniana and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria consortia have showed itself promising.
Narrativas hipertextuais digitais: uma poética procedimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-03) Komatsu, Flávio Vilela; Rocha, Rejane Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5669300635333699; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2014535626396192
Es en la materialidad que la literatura se realiza y huye a la abstracción. Hablar en literatura digital, por supuesto, es antes de todo atentarse para el medio. Hay una diferencia material entre el medio digital y el medio impreso. La explotación poética de esa diferencia evidencia una nueva literatura, y la necesidad de nuevos parámetros para apreciar y reconocer sus especificidades. Janet Murray, en su libro Hamlet no Holodeck (2003), identifica la espacialidad como una de las cuatro principales propiedades del medio digital: “Los medios lineares, tales como libros y películas, retratan espacios tanto para la descripción verbal cuanto, para la imagen, pero solamente los ambientes digitales presentan un espacio por lo cual podemos movernos.” Ese espacio es instituido por la arquitectura hipertextual del objeto digital, que, disponiendo de múltiples recorridos de lectura, invoca al lector a adoptar decisiones y, por lo tanto, a actuar: la narrativa se transforma de acuerdo con las elecciones de lectura. En la búsqueda por un atributo literario propio del medio digital, este trabajo parte de la sistematización del género “narrativa hipertextual digital” a través de las especificidades de dos obras: As doze cores do vermelho, de Helena Parente Cunha; e OWNED – um novo jogador, de Simone Campos. Los dos pertenecen al dominio de la literatura digital brasileña, son narrativas participativas en las cuales no son suficiente la decodificación del enunciado, requiriendo también la decodificación del orden espacial de la arquitectura que los organiza. Con el ofrecimiento de nuevas posibilidades para la materia verbal, no corresponde más someter esos objetos a los parámetros de análisis de la literatura impresa: “se esos textos redefinen la literatura expandiendo su noción – y creo que sí – entonces ellos también deben redefinir lo que es lo literario y, por lo tanto, no pueden ser valorado por una estética antigua y no modificada”. (AARSETH, 1997, p. 14). Para el debido análisis, utilizamos los conceptos de inmersión, agencia y transformación (MURRAY, 2003) como parámetros de una nueva mirada teórica, dispuesta para las especificidades de una poética tan nueva cuanto los medios en que se realiza. Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto Repositório da Literatura Digital Brasileira (CNPq n. 405609/2018-3).
Cristalização e relaxação em vidros óxidos uma tentativa de solução do Paradoxo de Kauzmann
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-03) Passos, Rodrigo Cardoso dos; Cassar, Daniel Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1717397276752482; Zanotto, Edgar Dutra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1552547189535077
The quest for a solution to Kauzmann’s Paradox has been a lifelong journey for many glass scientists over the last seventy years. The idea that this paradox may violate the Third Law of Thermodynamics is what makes it such an exciting topic for study, even more so, with some possible solutions proposed on the literature. The aim of this work is to find a possible solution to the paradox formulated by Kauzmann in his 1948 paper by using his very same hypothesis. If Kauzmann’s extrapolations of entropy were correct, then a supercooled liquid would have the same entropy as the stable isochemical crystalline phase at some temperature below the laboratory glass transition temperature, Tg, known as Kauzmann’s temperature, TK. If we extrapolate the liquid’s entropy even further, it becomes zero at a temperature above zero Kelvin, which violates the Third Law constituting a paradox. By comparing the relaxation kinetics with crystallization rates, both extrapolated down to TK, if the crystallization kinetics are faster than the relaxation kinetics there is no liquid at Kauzmann’s temperature, which would deny the paradox. In this case, the liquid stability limit or kinetic spinodal temperature should be higher than TK. We tested two fragile glass-forming liquids (diopside and wollastonite) and two strong liquids (silica and germania). For the fragile substances, Tks >> TK, so a supercooled liquid cannot exist at TK, and the entropy crisis is averted. On the other hand, the results for the strong liquids were inconclusive. We hope these findings entice glass researchers to further investigate the crystallization and relaxation dynamics of different strong glassforming systems at deep supercoolings.