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Práticas sustentáveis e o impacto no desempenho de pequenas propriedades cafeeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-09) Carvalho, Adriele Talita; Toledo, José Carlos de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3005992417964302
Due to the increasingly competitive market, the demand of consumers and customers to acquire high quality and sustainably produced coffees has been growing. Small coffee producers that aim to supply this market can resort to adopting sustainable practices established by socio-environmental certifications. The process of adopting such practices becomes more viable, especially for small producers, when they join Cooperatives. Cooperatives, especially the most developed ones, encourage and disseminate sustainable practices to all their members, whether they are certified or not. There is a research gap on what impacts sustainable practices have on the performance of small coffee farms. This dissertation aims to analyze whether the practices of environmental sustainability, management and economic sustainability impact the economic performance and welfare of the producer and the performance in productivity and quality of small coffee properties located in the southern region of Minas Gerais. A systematic literature review was carried out in order to develop a robust theoretical basis on the topic, and a total of 64 articles were selected and analyzed. Then, an empirical research was developed through a survey and the data were analyzed with the statistical technique Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in a sample of 60 small coffee producers. The most relevant relationship was the impact of management practices and economic sustainability on the economic performance and well-being of the producer. This dissertation provides contributions to the literature by presenting an up-to-date overview of the subject, and to the knowledge of professionals in the field by presenting suggestions on which sustainable practices should be encouraged to improve the performance of small coffee farms.
Estudo de seguimento das alterações cardiorrespiratórias e seu impacto na capacidade de exercício físico em pacientes com sobreposição de ICC e DPOC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-09) Santos, Polliana Batista dos; Simões, Rodrigo Polaquini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2731345085062145; Silva, Audrey Borghi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9224940191005426
This thesis consisted of 2 studies that will be described below: The study I, entitled "Left ventricular eccentric hypertrophy, right and left cardiac function in chronic heart failure with or without coexisting COPD: Impact on exercise performance", aimed to evaluate 1) the impact of left ventricular eccentric hypertrophy (LVEH) on exercise performance in patients diagnosed with chronic heart failure (HF) with or without the coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 2) the relationship between measures of left and right cardiac function obtained by Doppler echocardiography, clinical features and measures of cardiorespiratory fitness. The study included 46 HF patients with reduced or borderline ejection fraction and LVEH, and of these 23 patients were also diagnosed with COPD, who underwent advanced pulmonary function tests, echocardiography and incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in cycle ergometer. Patients in the HF+COPD group had a lower workload at peak exercise, lower oxygen consumption (VO2), oxygen pulse (PO2), double product (DP), circulatory power (PC) and ventilatory power (PV) when compared to patients diagnosed with HF only. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between VP and relative wall thickness (r: 0.45 p: 0.03), VE/VCO2 intercept and mitral E/e’ ratio (r: 0.70 p: 0.003) in the HF group. Significant correlations were found between indexed left ventricle mass and RPP (r:−0.47; p: 0.02) and relative VO2 with right ventricle diameter (r:−0.62; p: 0.001) in the HF+COPD group. Our data suggests that combined diagnosis of HF+COPD induced further impairments in cardiorespiratory fitness. Moreover, echocardiographic measures of cardiac function are related to cardiopulmonary exercise performance and therefore appears to be an important therapeutic target when attempting to improve exercise capacity and functional performance of these patients. The study II, entitled "Responses to incremental exercise and the impact of the coexistence of HF and COPD on exercise capacity: a follow-up study" aimed to evaluate: 1) the prevalence of coexistence of HF and COPD in the studied population; 2) the impact of HF+COPD on exercise performance and contrasting exercise responses in patients with only a diagnosis of HF or COPD; and 3) the relationship between clinical characteristics and measures of cardiorespiratory fitness and; 4) verify the occurrence of cardiopulmonary events in the 24-month follow-up period. The study included 124 patients (HF: 46, COPD: 53 and HF+COPD: 25) who initially underwent advanced pulmonary function tests and echocardiography to confirm the diagnosis and stratify the degree of disease severity and subsequently underwent CPET on a cycle ergometer. After performing the CPET, the individuals were followed for a period of 24 months through biannual telephone contacts, where patients or their caregivers answered a questionnaire with questions about the occurrence of exacerbations, hospitalizations, worsening of symptoms or death. Patients in the HF+COPD group demonstrated a lower workrate at peak test (WR), V̇O2, RPP, CP and VP compared to those diagnosed with only HF and COPD. In addition, significant correlations were observed between lean mass and peak V̇O2 (r: 0.56 p< 0.001), lean mass and the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) (r: 0.42 p<0.001), lean mass and O2 pulse (r: 0.58 p<0.001). The lung diffusion of carbon monoxide (DLCO) was correlated with WR (r: 0.51 p <0.001) and PV (r: 0.40 p: 0.002). Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) is related to V̇O2 (r: 0.52; p <0.001) and WR (r: 0.62; p <0.001). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of cardiopulmonary events and deaths contrasting both groups. The coexistence of HF+COPD induces greater impairment on exercise performance when compared to patients without overlapping diseases, however the overlap of the two diseases did not increase the probability of the occurrence of cardiopulmonary events and deaths when compared to groups with isolated diseases in the period studied. CPET provides important information to guide effective strategies for these patients with the goal of improving exercise performance and functional capacity. Moreover, given our findings related to pulmonary function, body composition and exercise responses, evidenced that the lean mass, FEV1 and DLCO influence important responses to exercise.