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Administração aguda de melatonina na performance e recuperação metabólica após esforço exaustivo: uma investigação sobre o metabolismo intermediário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-10) Faria, Vinícius Silva; Beck, Wladimir Rafael; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3124811889307056; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9742358679641713
Melatonin is an amphiphilic indoleamine, mainly synthesized by the pineal gland. Evidences demonstrates its ergogenic role in long-term aerobic exercise, as well as its modulating role in energy metabolism. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on exercise tolerance, proteins involved in intermediary metabolism and their energy substrates in rats submitted to exhaustive swimming exercise at an intensity corresponding to maximum aerobic capacity. Sixty-eight Wistar rats were evaluated, divided into 7 groups: control (Ct: n = 10), treated with melatonin and euthanized 1 h (M1: n = 9) or 3 h after the last procedures (M3: n = 9), exercised group and euthanized 1 h (Ex1: n = 10) or 3 h after the time to exhaustion test (tlim) (Ex3: n = 10), treated with melatonin, exercised and euthanized 1 h (ME1: n = 10) or 3 h after the tlim (ME3: n = 10). After adaptation to the liquid environment, the incremental test was performed to determine the intensity of effort corresponding to the maximal individual aerobic capacity. After 48 hours, the animals received vehicle solution or melatonin (10 mg.kg-1) and 30 minutes later they were submitted to tlim. Blood was collected to analyze the concentration of glucose and triglyceride; skeletal muscle tissue (gluteus maximus, gastrocnemius red and white) to quantify the content of glycogen and triglyceride and soleus to quantify GLUT4, FAT CD36 PGC-1α, and NRF-1; liver was collected for quantification of glycogen content. Data were presented as mean ± standard error, submitted to the independent student t test (tlim); One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test (lactacidemia and % body mass); Two-way ANOVA (all other analyses) and Newman-Keuls post hoc. A significance level of 5% was established. The results were divided into chapters 1 and 2. In chapter 1, the animals treated with melatonin had higher content of muscle glycogen and GLUT4 when compared to the control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, animals treated with melatonin showed an increase in performance compared to animals treated with vehicle solution (p = 0.01). In the presence of melatonin, there was a significant increase in the glycogen content 3 h after exercise (ME3; p < 0.05), while in the absence of melatonin no difference was demonstrated (Ex3; p > 0.05), possibly due to GLUT4 increase demonstrated by ME1 and ME3 groups (p < 0.05). Regarding the triglyceride content, there was an increase 1 h after exercise in the presence of melatonin (ME1; p < 0.05), while in the absence of administered hormone, this increase occurred only 3 h after exercise (Ex3; p < 0, 05). In chapter 2, the animals treated with melatonin and exercised showed increased expression of PGC-1α and NRF-1 compared to the control (p < 0.05). Regarding the lipid profile, there was a reduction in animals treated with melatonin compared to animals treated with vehicle (p < 0.05). While, for the glycogen content, there was an increase in animals that received melatonin. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the administration of melatonin increased the availability of glycidic substrates and GLUT4 in skeletal muscle tissue and promoted greater tolerance to physical exercise. Furthermore, melatonin accelerated the replacement of energy substrates and increased GLUT4, FAT CD36 and PGC-1α in exercised skeletal muscle, improving the cellular environment for future efforts, at least from a bioenergetic point of view.
SKAM: fenômeno transmídia norueguês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-10) Cunha, Luiz Eduardo Maués; Massarolo, João Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308336910966465; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5768207848019429
In the expansive process of communication media and technologies, media convergence has diversified the productive and creative chain of audiovisual narratives, changing the media landscape, previously fixed as a straight line between production, at one extreme, and consumption, at the other extreme, to a new fluid in which the producer and the consumer can – and constantly do – change places. In this ressearch, the action of the audience in the SKAM transmedia storytelling will be discussed, produced by the Norwegian public television service, but widely disseminated by viewers inside and outside their country. In this way, it will be about the function of Norwegian public TV, the transmediation of the narrative, the collective engagement and the internationalization of the franchise, in order to feel the role of the audience in a transmedia diagram of production. This public is at the same time a citizen - and therefore served by the Norwegian public service, and a publicizing and internationalizing agent of the franchise - insofar as it was fundamental for SKAM to depend on the physical limits of the Norwegian territory.
A cobrança: os sensos de justiça das facções do Maranhão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-10) Jara, Simon Rodrigo da Costa; Feltran, Gabriel de Santis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8043093064312531
This thesis deals with the institution of criminal reckonings in Maranhão, understood as a device for mediation and conflict resolution in territories disputed by criminal factions. Combining an ethnographic research of documents with the historical and sociological literature on the subject, we seek to extract the senses of justice - arbitration of damages and responsibilities - that guide the punishments carried out through this device. We understand the reckonings as a result of the transformation of relations between criminals who, consolidating the influence of its normative regime in the peripheral neighborhoods of the "Grande Ilha", establish a set of ethical-political norms that regulate the everyday conflicts. Since criminal groups are formed in a intricate process of struggle within jails and streets, their justice will also reveal sensitive to the contours assumed by this factional war, fundamentally differentiating the justice offered to the pairs, from that offered to enemies.
Comportamento de oxidação em temperaturas elevadas de ligas NiTiNb com efeito memória de forma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-10) Martins Júnior, Claudio Beserra; Gargarella, Piter; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916; Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4414919476503670
Shape memory alloys (SMA) of the Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) system are currently the most commercially important, due to their excellent mechanical properties, high shape recovery and biocompatibility. Such a unique set of properties has led this class of materials to find a wide range of applications in various industrial sectors. However, obtaining these alloys at a low production cost is still a major challenge for the industry, largely due to oxidation during the processing, which can negatively affect the shape memory effect (SME). Thus, investigations to improve the oxidation resistance of these alloys deserve attention. Despite being little explored, the Nb addition, up to 7 at.%, has proven to be very effective in reducing oxidation rates. Research with higher contents has not been found in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of Nb addition at contents between 9 at.% and 12 at.% on the high temperature oxidation behavior of NiTi SMA, by means of thermogravimetric analyses for up to 100 h at temperatures of 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1,000 °C. It was found that at all the studied temperatures, the alloys followed the parabolic oxidation rate law, and the Nb addition reduced the rate constants (kp) by at least 8 times. The formed oxide layer was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis system (SEM/EDS). The improvement in oxidation resistance was explained in terms of Nb rich regions forming in the oxidation product layer, where the replacement of Ti4+ by Nb5+ reduces the number of defects that influence oxidation rates. It was also seen that the addition of Nb improves the adhesion of the layer.