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Metabolismo de daidzeína e genisteína por Spodoptera frugiperda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-20) Franco, Danilo da Costa; Wouters, Felipe Christoff; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4392349445398645; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8394738807755756
DAIDZEIN AND GENISTEIN METABOLISM BY Spodoptera frugiperda. As sessile organisms, plants cannot escape the many herbivore attacks that occur throughout their development, and rely on alternative strategies to reduce or prevent these attacks, such as the production of toxic secondary metabolites. However, many insects have adaptations that allow them to feed on chemically well-defended plants. In this perspective, soybean (Glycine max (L) Merril), a leguminous plant belonging to the Fabaceae family, produces several flavonoids known to damage herbivorous insects. Despite this, soybean is attacked by a variety of insects throughout its development, among which the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) stands out. Although it is considered a secondary soybean pest, this species stands out for being able to attack soybeans in their early stages of development, causing severe damage to the plant. Soybean seedlings have relatively high concentrations of isoflavones, and the ability of S. frugiperda to feed on this stage of the plant may be associated with its ability to efficiently metabolize and detoxify this class of compounds. In this context, this work aims to investigate how S. frugiperda metabolizes daidzein and genistein, the two main soy isoflavones. Third instar caterpillars were used in feeding trials with artificial diets added to the two isoflavones, which were isolated from commercial soybean extracts. Feces samples excreted during the individual bioassays with the isoflavones were collected and analyzed by LC-MS. In feces from S. frugiperda fed a diet containing daidzein, only unmodified daidzein was detected and in bioassays with genistein, the presence of a new metabolite derived from genistein was observed. Which has been identified as a genistein monoglucoside other than genistin (genistein 7-O-glucoside). These results suggest that S. frugiperda extensively metabolizes the isoflavone genistein, as opposed to daidzein. Finally, this work was the first to investigate the metabolism of isoflavones by S. frugiperda, contributing to the understanding of this species and its ability to metabolize bioactive compounds, whose findings can serve as a basis for future studies that aim to understand the status of insect pest of this species or of the genus Spodoptera.
O HTPC específico de professores de Educação Física: contribuições para a prática educativa na pré-escola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-20) Oliveira, Natália da Silva de; Alves, Fernando Donizete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3812723309905378; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0158931572870448
Historically, Physical Education seeks its space as a curricular component, and in Children Education there is no mandatory professional of the area (or specialist), leaving this choice to the discretion of each education system. In this sense, the present work is circumscribed within the scope of the teaching of Physical Education teachers who work in Children's Education, more specifically in pre-school, and its purpose is to investigate the continuing education of these teachers through the Hour of Collective Pedagogical Work (HTPC), specific for Physical Education teachers held in a city in the interior of the State of São Paulo. The question is to what extent the specific HTPC for Physical Education teachers contributed/contributes to the educational practice of these teachers who work in early childhood education? In view of such questioning, this research aims to understand if and how the Collective Pedagogical Work Schedule (HTPC) influences/influenced the educational practice of Physical Education teachers working in pre-school. The theoretical framework was built addressing the continuing education of teachers, as well as the conceptions and history of the HTPC and Physical Education in Kindergarten. For this, the research was based on the qualitative approach, having as subjects five Physical Education teachers who work with preschool children and participated in the specific HTPC for Physical Education teachers. In the instance of data collection, semi structured interviews were conducted with five Physical Education teachers, in order to contemplate the research objectives. The data analysis was performed based on Content Analysis. It was identified that the teachers who had been working for a longer time had an easier time organizing and working with children. The teachers pointed out some remarkable characteristics about the organization of the specific HTPC, such as the exchange of experiences in the form of narratives and presentation of videos and activities by the pedagogical coordinator. They recognized in the exchange of experiences a factor by which the specific HTPC was characterized as a moment of continuing education. Among the implications listed that this moment provided to the educational practice, the widening of the repertoire of activities and the perception of different forms of mediation and work with children were signaled, on a larger scale by the subjects. We emphasize that the Physical Education teachers do not reject the HTPC held in a school with a larger number of classes, with regular teachers and management, however, they consider that this moment is mostly focused on the continuing education of regular teachers. The proposals of this study go towards the valorization and return of the specific HTPC (expressed in the teachers' statements).
Enriquecimento ambiental: concepções, vivências e experiências dos biólogos em formação da UFSCar – São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-20) Moraes, Lucas Tomazella; Carnio, Michel Pisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0198207700485715; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3500646385009038
Promoting a better quality of life for animals in captivity is extremely important to ensure the success of species conservation in zoos and aquariums, in addition to promoting awareness of visitors to environmental conservation. In this sense, the biologist under education needs to know practices that favor animal welfare, in order to apply and propagate the appropriate environmental awareness involved, such as Environmental Enrichment. The present work sought to analyze the conceptions and experiences that biologists under education have in relation to Environmental Enrichment. From the application of an online questionnaire with 50 students, containing open and closed and in Likert scale format questions, it was possible to understand ideas about the relationship between Environmental Enrichment and undergraduate disciplines, about students' understanding of the concepts needed in practice and its use as a means of promoting Environmental Education. The results obtained pointed to a positive relationship between knowing Environmental Enrichment and the number of subjects attended. It was also evident the importance that students give to animal welfare and the need to promote it in captive environments, in addition to its recognition as an important means to promote Environmental Education. However, it is necessary to highlight the urge for further research with a larger sample of both undergraduate students, as of non-academic people, in order to achieve a greater understanding of how this subject is seen by population in general. Finally, the high stakes from this work permeate its use for other research involving concepts related to Environmental Enrichment or Environmental Education, as for an incentive for education and awareness regarding animal welfare and species conservation in formal and informal teaching environments, seeking to provide conditions for the construction of an environmentally critical citizen.
Instrumentos urbanísticos em Araraquara no Pós-Estatuto da Cidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-20) Medeiros, Sandra Batista; Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4292698556974745
This work aims to systematize and analyze the application of urban instruments provided for in the Master Plans of the city of Araraquara from 2005 and 2014, used by the municipal management from the City Statute instructions. The selected instruments were PEUC, CIECO, EIV, TDC, OUC, OODC, and ZEIS. A bibliographic review was carried out on urban planning and the city object of study, with the reading of the Post-City Statute Master Plans and the implementation of urban instruments. In order to synthesize the information collected about the selected urban instruments, we adapted the SWOT matrix analysis, including the exogenous conditions, for the instrument, and endogenous conditions for the instrument application in Araraquara. The results show that Araraquara has not yet managed to explore the full potential of the established urban instruments, whether in their definition or implementation, as well as the process of maturing from the experiences of the first generation of master plans in 2005. Thus, several tools were not implemented, inappropriately applied, or suffered distortions due to amendments by supplementary laws, after the review of the master plan carried out in 2014.
Modelagem termodinâmica computacional de ligas multicomponentes cúbicas de corpo centrado para armazenagem de hidrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-20) Pedroso, Otávio Abreu; Zepon, Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451136180466494
Recently, multicomponent metal alloys for hydrogen storage have drawn attention due to the possibility of exploring a large compositional field, which can allow the control of storage properties by controlling the alloy composition, thus satisfying the needs for each application. The laboratory of hydrogen in metals at DEMa/UFSCar has vast experience in the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the properties of these alloys. The next step is to develop methods and models to predict the thermodynamic properties that determine their operating conditions (pressure and temperature for absorption/desorption) based solely on the chemical composition, aiming to improve the tools available to carry out the design of alloys for storage of hydrogen with suitable properties for different applications. Recently, Zepon et al. proposed a thermodynamic model to calculate pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) diagrams of multicomponent cubic body-centered alloys (CCC). of sites, and the enthalpy of the phases is modeled based on experimental data and calculated from ab initio through density functional theory (DFT). This master’s work aimed to add new chemical elements to the recently proposed model through DFT calculations and to develop an open code program for the calculation of PCT diagrams based on the model and the data obtained by DFT. The elements Mg, Al, Sc, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Pd were incorporated into the model and their implementation in open-source software in the Python programming language. Using this software, the alloys reported in the literature were evaluated so that it was possible to observe that the alloys of the TiVNbCr system are better described by the model, in addition to the fact that some alloys containing Mg show a discrepancy between the crystal structure observed experimentally and those obtained by the model.