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    O processo criativo na reflexão contrafactual: fantasiando mundos alternativos
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-29)
    Prado, Mariana
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    Schelini, Patrícia Waltz
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6185333517392859
    Creative action combines multiple factors, including cognitive processes and socio-emotional variables. Guilford theorized some factors that were later associated with the creative person, namely: fluency, flexibility, elaboration and originality. On the other hand, when imaginative thinking goes into the past and digresses hypothetical alternatives to events and their outcomes, we call it counterfactual. There are four axes of classification of counterfactual thinking: related to direction, structure, referential and function. But the alternative reality to the past is not of interest only to science. Gothic fiction literature, born with the work "The Castle of Otranto" (Walpole, 1764), brings a theatrical life with ghostly characters and, like the counterfactuals, appropriates the past, focusing mainly on affections. With this, this research aimed to investigate the differences in the capacity to elaborate counterfactual thoughts in different age groups and, in addition, it verified the levels in which the creative parameters appear in narratives that rewrite the events of works with Gothic influence. The older age group was expected to produce more counterfactuals and use more elaboration in the creative process. The analysis of results took place from the content analysis of the narratives and was subject to comparison between groups using the Mann-Whitney Test, in addition, the scores in creative abilities were correlated to the types of counterfacts. The results showed that the group of adults had better counterfactual performance both in the Counterfactual Inference Test (CIT) and in the total numbers produced by both narratives. Among the counterfactual types, there was a strong preference for the additive type (structure-related) among adults, thus, this counterfactual type showed a significant correlation with all the creative parameters studied. In addition, the Doctor and the Monster narrative stood out in total numbers of counterfactuals.
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    Desenvolvimento de metodologias sustentáveis para a síntese de tetraidroquinolinas: o uso de hemiacetais como indutores de assimetria
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-29)
    Quaglio, Karina de Souza
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    Paixão, Márcio Weber
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
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    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-2831
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4449650752374596
    Heterocyclic compounds constitute the most important class of organic compounds today, being present in pharmaceutical compounds, natural products, vitamins, and presenting different biological activities. In particular, N-heterocycles are present in 59% of drugs approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). In this context, tetrahydroquinolines (THQ) have been highlighted due to their vast presence in natural products with biological activity and in pharmacologically relevant therapeutic agents, which is why the development of new synthesis methodologies for this class of compounds is a research target of interest. Inspired by literature reports and by the existing gap in obtaining THQs with high structural diversity and stereochemical control, this master's project aims to develop a protocol to synthesize diasteromerically enriched and highly diverse 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives through an organocatalyzed Michael addition followed by an Ugi-Smiles reaction. Therefore the objective is to synthesize a substrate with two of the functional groups of the Ugi reaction, aiming to control the diastereoselectivity of Ugi-4C-3CR through an intramolecular approach.
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    Semeadura direta para restauração de floresta tropical: efeitos de arranjos de espécies no estabelecimento e crescimento inicial da comunidade arbórea
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-29)
    Horle, Daniel Carlos
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    Loiola, Priscilla de Paula
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691455603546958
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    Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840
    Direct seeding is a common technique for tropical forest restoration, however we lack detailed knowledge on species arrangements, overall implementation and optimal costs to allow its more efficient large-scale use. We evaluated whether direct seeding through different species arrangements affected the early-establishment of the community and of some of tree species. We tested four seeding richness arrangements (seven, 13, 21 and 29 species), sowing the same density for all treatments, altering density per species. In a site destined for the Brazilian Seasonal Atlantic Forest restoration, we installed 24 plots of 10 m × 3 m each, in a randomized design. We counted and measured seedling height and stem diameter and estimated the costs for seed purchase, implementation, and maintenance of each treatment up to one year after sowing. Richness variation among treatments were reduced after sowing, since many species did not emerge. Thus, we evaluated the effect of different sowing densities on the five species that emerged in all arrangements. The treatment with less species had higher seedling density, but basal area, mean seedling diameter and height of seedlings in the community did not varied among treatments. Species did not change establishment rate nor growth according to sowing density. Cost per seedling was higher in the richest arrangement, however it varied only 8.5% among treatments and similar to the cost of tree seedlings plantings. Prioritizing species with high establishment rate may reduce the costs of direct seeding, however it may not be as cheap as previously reported in other initiatives.
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    Entre lo productivo y reproductivo: trayectorias laborales de mujeres profesionales en tres generaciones
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-29)
    Rosales, Janete Marlene Silva
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    Lima, Jacob Carlos
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3909446208502381
    La precarización del mercado laboral peruano traducida en la continua pérdida de derechos sociales y estabilidad por las políticas neoliberales afecta la empleabilidad de las profesionales universitarias. Ellas, a pesar de contar con altas calificaciones se encontrarán en situación de subempleo, desempleo o informalidad; no obstante, continúan capacitándose con la expectativa de empleabilidad. Dicha precariedad repercute en el trabajo reproductivo, pues tendrán que minimizar la dedicación de labores domésticas, la provisión de cuidados y afectos, en favor del desarrollo profesional. Este problema es diferencialmente vivenciado por mujeres de distinta clase social, generación, etnia y nacionalidad. La presente investigación analizó las trayectorias laborales de mujeres profesionales pertenecientes a tres generaciones: mayor (55-69 años) intermedia (40 a 55 años) y joven (28 a 39 años). El objetivo fue comprender las estrategias que ellas usaron para lidiar con el conflicto entre el trabajo productivo y reproductivo durante su trayectoria. Se usó la metodología cualitativa a través del método de entrevistas virtuales semiestructuradas. El estudio reveló que las mujeres jóvenes afectadas por la inestabilidad laboral postergaron la maternidad y minimizaron las relaciones amorosas. Las mujeres intermedias cargadas de múltiples empleos recurrieron a la tercerización doméstica para atender a sus hijos. Las mujeres mayores, poseedoras de estabilidad económica, centraron en su propio cuidado además de fortalecer debilitados vínculos familiares. Dichas estrategias estarían influenciadas por una visión emprendedurista que junto a una racionalidad neoliberal resignificarían la precariedad laboral como realización profesional, empoderamiento femenino e independencia; por lo que no se auto percibieron como precarias. En esta línea se observó que ellas se esforzaban en adquirir capitales simbólicos concretados en diplomas además de capitales sociales como las amistades influyentes con la expectativa de acceder a un empleo favorable. Así mismo, los modos sutiles de discriminación de género, el acoso sexual, además de la desigual carga doméstica evidenciarían la vigencia de estereotipos de género tradicionales. No obstante, su difícil reconocimiento ocasionaría que muchas de las mujeres analizadas no se auto percibieran como discriminadas.
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    Multivariate conditional density estimation with copulas
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-29)
    Bisca, Felipe Hernandez
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    Izbicki, Rafael
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/9991192137633896
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0098305106881719
    Most machine learning regression models only yield single point estimations for the label of a new observation. However, when dealing with multi-modal or asymmetric distributions, a single point estimate is not enough to summarize the full uncertainty over such label. One solution for this case is to estimate the full conditional density function of the label given the features, which is more informative. For instance, this density can be used to compute probability regions rather than single point estimates. Conditional densities become especially useful when modelling multivariate responses, which is often the case in fields such as cosmology. Most well known conditional density estimators are too slow to be computed or do not generalize to multivariate-response settings. To minimize such problems, our method estimates multivariate densities using copula to aggregate estimates of univariate conditional densities given by the recent-developed FlexCode. We show that this solution leads to improved results when compared to other state-of-the-art techniques.
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    Membrana de látex com incorporação de arnica visando o tratamento de queimaduras de segundo grau
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30)
    Silva, Lucas Camargo Soares Carvalho da
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    Komatsu, Daniel
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2620060426867863
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    Duek, Eliana Aparecida de Rezende
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4147198882685212
    In recent years, several studies have focused on therapeutic alternatives in the treatment of skin injuries caused by burns. In this context, the search for biomaterials and natural substances that can help in the regeneration process of skin damages, from low-cost materials and recovery to the entire population. Among the materials already studied for this application, the natural latex from rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis presents excellent physical, chemical and biological properties. It can stimulate angiogenesis and accelerate the tissue regeneration process. Combined with latex, plant extracts can contribute to the treatment of burns. So arnica has several therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and regenerative effects. The present study aims to obtain and characterize the latex-based membranes loaded with arnica fiber for application in skin injuries caused by burns. The characterization of latex-based membranes were done by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and it showed the presence of characteristic chemical groups for each of the pure constituents and in membranes containing arnica, it was observed that the purification process was efficient and that there is a predominance of polymer characteristics in latex membranes with arnica, denoting a low interaction between the systems, which was confirmed by the results of TG (Thermogravimetry) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) since there was no change in the thermal characteristics of the material by the combination of arnica. In the mechanical testing, it can be observed that the addition of arnica caused a slight change in the mechanical properties of the latex, indicating the low interaction between the polymer matrix and arnica fiber. Zeta potential analysis, it is possible to verify the presence of arnica fibers exposed on the surface of the latex membrane, results in hydrophilic character to the composite material. Water vapor permeation test, it can be observed that the addition of arnica promotes a small increase in water vapor adsorption to the latex matrix, which facilitates not only the diffusion of water vapor through the composite, but also the absorption of liquids inside the material, as seen in the membrane swelling test. According to the release results, it was possible to observe that the release mechanism followed a biexponential pattern, indicating an anomalous behavior, not following a Fickian pattern. It was observed that the highest concentration of arnica promoted an increase in concentration at each incubation time. In vivo study results showed that burns covered with the latex membrane and mainly as covered by latex membranes containing arnica, heat increased protection against infectious agents and water loss from the wound. The membrane content 10% of arnica favored more intensely cell proliferation and tissue organization, and could be determined for second-degree burn treatments.
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    Os significados e sentidos de universitários acerca do suicídio
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30)
    Brandt, Larissa da Silva
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    Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6450355794398660
    Suicide consist of a complex and multi-determined phenomenon, being considered one of the main current public health issues. The high levels of psychological distress among university students, added to the scarcity of qualitative studies on the subject, make in-depth investigations into the collective and individual representations about suicide of this group essentials. With this in mind, the general objective of this study was to investigate the psychosocial aspects of the collective meanings and subjective senses of university students at the Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) about suicide. Thereunto, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 graduate students and 5 postgraduate students, of which 8 were women and 4 were men. The data analysis was performed using the technique of thematic content analysis, being suicide the main meaning unit. The results found were divided into three thematic categories and their respective nucleus and subnucleus of analysis. The first category, named “The collective meanings about suicide” sought to critically portray the social representations identified by the participants about the phenomenon, in addition to highlighting the determining elements that compose them. The category “The subjective senses about suicide” aimed to identify the individual perspectives and affections among students on the subject and explore their experiences with the phenomenon. Finally, the last category, entitled "The interfaces between mental health, university and suicide", intended to investigate the different experiences of the participants on mental health in the university environment, in addition to identifying the possible determining units present in this context that are dialectically related to the suicide. In conclusion, it was determined that both collective meanings and subjective senses are fundamental elements in the investigation of suicide and for the construction of effective interventions. Finally, we emphasize the importance of implementing actions in the university context that focus on the student permanence, the promotion of mental health and the enhancement of the protective components present in this environment.
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    Análise da expressão sistêmica de biomarcadores de degradação articular: um comparativo entre atletas profissionais de futebol com e sem histórico de lesões articulares em membro inferiores
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30)
    Zacharias, André Luís Simões
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    Serrão, Paula Regina Mendes da Silva
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2917658715637353
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/711847758471066
    Professional soccer participation exposes players to the highest frequencies and intensities of loads and joint injuries in the lower limbs. These factors are associated with greater risks of osteoarthritis development. Retired soccer athletes have a high prevalence of the disease. This scenario provides an impairment network that connects symptoms and joint limitations to the reduction in the quality of life of this population. Understanding microprocesses through the study of specific pathophysiological pathways, contribute to the evolution of monitoring, prevention and early intervention strategies directed to the context of soccer. Therefore, the objective of this study was to associate the evidence already in the literature about the pathophysiological processes of osteoarthritis to the dynamics of professional soccer, highlighting as the highest risk pathways associated with the sport. It is concluded that high joint demands seem to be related to the development of hip osteoarthritis, while joint injuries are the main risk factors for knee and ankle osteoarthritis. Minimizing the risk of joint damage, health education and the validation of tools that identify early disease-related changes can be important strategies for reducing risks and losses related to this population profile.
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    Investigações acerca da associação entre a automutilação e ideações suicidas na infância e adolescência
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30)
    Cruz Alves, Victória Caroline Cruz
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    Brino, Rachel de Faria
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6482058364064482
    Self-inflicted violence is one of several aspects of the vast field of study of violence and that has been increasingly studied by different areas of knowledge, since the number of people who find violence against themselves a way of dealing with suffering comes progressively growing over the last few decades. This type of violence is defined in the light of two subdivisions: suicidal behavior and self-harming behavior. Because they are conceptually very close themes, it is common that they are also related behind the understanding of the respective acts. However, there is still some ambiguity regarding the characterization of the behaviors involved in these classifications. It is also important to point out that self-injurious behavior is constantly characterized as one of the main risk factors for suicidal behavior. In this sense, it is imperative that both behaviors be studied in order to understand the consequences of their correlations in the long term as well. The present study sought to verify the existence of an association between self-mutilation and the development of suicidal ideation, as representatives of the respective groups of self-inflicted violence, in addition to seeking to define the motivations and possible risk factors for triggering self-injury practices in children and adolescents , aiming to contribute to scientific knowledge in the area for the elaboration of interventions and public policies related to the prevention of self-mutilation and suicide. The research was carried out with older participants, of any gender, who had already performed self-mutilation at some point in their lives. The results unanimously indicated that in individuals who presented non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors during childhood or adolescence, suicidal ideation has a higher prevalence level. Based on the data obtained, there were also indicators of the presence of suicidal ideation in a considerable number of children, since most of the participants stated that they had started to engage in self-mutilation behaviors before the age of 14 and that the thoughts suicides also started before the beginning of the practices.
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    O sofrimento psíquico no trabalho em profissionais de saúde mental: estudo de caso em um CAPS adulto no interior do estado do Paraná
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30)
    Silveira, Márcio Alves
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    Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2634621328003488
    This research aims to investigate the psychic suffering of these professionals who work supporting the mental health of the assisted population and, as specific objectives, to identify the different dimensions of psychic suffering linked to the work of these workers, understand how they deal with mental suffering and identify aspects of suffering and pleasure at work. It is a qualitative, interpretative and empirical research, using as instruments participant observation, semi-structured interviews and application of the Inventory of Risks of Pathogenic Suffering at Work (IRIS), the latter being used to analyze three factors closely related to work: usefulness, unworthiness and recognition, which refer respectively to the feeling of appreciation and satisfaction at work, feeling of injustice and dissatisfaction and finally, feeling admired and accepted with their work; the interviews allowed to investigate details of the daily work routine, as well as affections involved in this dimension, and were worked from the Thematic Content Analysis; the participant observation occurred during 14 days in all shifts (morning/afternoon/night) and days of the week (including Saturday and Sunday) through the monitoring of workers and questioning when the researcher felt necessary and allowed to understand the routine of the Institution, aspects of the prescribed work and the real work. The discussion of the results was supported by the theoretical referential of Work Psychology, Psychodynamics of Work and Psychosocial Care; we also used the Marxist conception of work as the basis of our theoretical referential. This research made it possible to understand that the pathogenic suffering of the participating workers has its source in emotional wear, causes of frustration and sadness, in the overload for a volume of work of a city that needs more CAPS Adult, in the fragmented work being taken by dead work and precarious bonds; but also a work activity capable of bringing satisfaction to the extent that the living work and the praxis allow the transformation of reality and promote greater learning; the research provided the perception that the dialectic pleasure / suffering is present in work relationships, permeated by living work and dead work.
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    O desenvolvimento do conceito de pensamento computacional na educação matemática segundo contribuições da teoria histórico-cultural
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30)
    Navarro, Eloisa Rosotti
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    Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/8916355296831066
    The objective of this research was to develop, from conceptual nexuses and assumptions of Cultural-Historical Theory, the theoretical concept of computational thinking for its development in Mathematics Education. The research is characterized as qualitative. The logical-historical movement of the term “computational thinking” was analyzed through a State of Knowledge type of study, in the period from 2009 to 2019, with data from research (theses and dissertations), scientific articles, the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), and the Curriculum of the State of São Paulo, called Currículo Paulista. Thus, the following leading question was established: What are the possible conceptual nexuses that contribute to the development of computational thinking in the context of Mathematics Education? The results point out that there are studies that use the term and diverge in relation to the definition of computational thinking and its characteristics. In addition, the analysis of the aforementioned documents allowed, under the aegis of Cultural-Historical Theory, to determine three conceptual nexuses of computational thinking, which can be configured in the context of Mathematics Education and, consequently, in school Mathematics, which are: problem solving; algebraic thinking, and algorithmic thinking. These conceptual nexuses are, essentially, in constant movement, as they are dialectical, historical, logical, and cultural. Based on them, the concept of computational thinking was developed in Mathematics Education, which considers the essentiality of developing computational thinking as a potential means of expanding the skills of problem-solving, of interpreting reality, and of expanding the ways of action of students in their sociocultural context, either in a plugged (ICTs) or unplugged manner. In this sense, the definition of the concept aims not only to think about “what it is” (external nexuses), but “how we can use it in everyday school life” and “how it can be developed to interpret and solve problems in reality” (internal nexuses). The logical-historical movement of computational thinking corroborates the development of this type of thinking, in its connection with the act of appropriation and use by students.
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    Estratégias didáticas para o ensino de física: uma análise das tendências do MNPEF
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30)
    Zavatini, Ricardo de Mendonça
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    Gebara, Maria José Fontana
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6585493065968961
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3243871351221307
    Difficulties and problems in Physics teaching in basic education, especially in high school, are certainly not a recent issue, being responsible for conducting numerous researches aimed at investigating its causes and consequences. Criticisms of the so-called traditional teaching methods have made many teachers feel the need to look for different strategies, which correspond to the students' expectations. For this, programs such as the Professional National Masters in Physics Teaching (MNPEF) - a national postgraduate program of a professional nature, aimed at teachers who teach Physics - aim to qualify most Basic Education teachers in terms of mastery of content and current teaching techniques for application in the classroom. Given the dimensions achieved by this policy, it is natural to seek to investigate the results arising from the actions of this program. In this paper, we present an analysis of dissertations and educational products from the poles of the Southeast region of the MNPEF, from institutional and thematic-based descriptors, with the general objective of identifying the main teaching strategies that have been used by teachers of Basic Education Physics and its alignment with the research area in Physics teaching. The research, of a qualitative nature and carried out from a documental analysis, was essentially exploratory. The results showed that, reflecting the national scenario, most of the authors of dissertations/educational products from the poles in the Southeast region of the MNPEF are male, as well as the advisors of these poles. The most explored Physics contents belong to Electromagnetism, whose teaching is considered complex. From the point of view of teaching strategies, the one that stands out most is Experimentation, always highlighted in the literature in the field of research in Physics Teaching.
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    CONECTE: atualização de medida psicométrica e construção/avaliação de um programa de treinamento de habilidades sociais conjugais para casais de diferentes orientações sexuais
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30)
    Cardoso, Bruno Luiz Avelino
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    Murta, Sheila Giardini
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3872050473238370
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    Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
    Couples’ Social Skills (CSS) are classes of behaviors that function to maximize couples’ satisfaction, increase the quality of the relationship, and reduce problems in the relationship. These behaviors (CSS) can be developed through specific programs, whose results show effectiveness in studies abroad. However, Brazilian research on this topic has been predominantly focused on characterization and correlation (not intervention) with heterosexual married couples. Such research was driven by the creation of the only instrument available in Brazil to measure CSS, the Couples’ Social Skills Inventory (CSSI-Villa&Del-Prette), which lacks psychometric refinement. This thesis had as main objectives: (1) to update the norms of the CSSI-Villa&Del-Prette for same-sex couples and (2) to build/evaluate a Couples’ Social Skills Training Program (CONECTE) for couples of different sexual orientations. For this, in Study 1, it was possible to discuss preliminary theoretical aspects for an intervention in CSS focused on sexual diversity and gender. In Study 2, the conceptual basis of the field of Social Skills Training and multimodal methods of evaluating CSS was presented. In Study 3, it was possible to estimate new psychometric evidence for the CSSI-Villa&Del-Prette, assess the model’s invariance as a function of gender and sexual orientation, and characterize and identify specificities of the CSS repertoire in relation to gender and sexual orientation. Exploratory structural equation modeling and polychoric correlation matrices were used, in addition to analyzes using the t-Student test and MANOVA. The invariance of the CSSI-Villa&Del-Prette was verified regarding gender and sexual orientation. However, same-sex couples had higher means for the total CSS repertoire and in the subclasses Assertive Reciprocity, Assertive Self-affirmation, and Affection/Empathy. In these same variables, women had higher means than men. In Study 4, the effects of the CONECTE program, in the online modality, with heterosexual couples and same-sex couples were tested through an experimental design. Fifteen cisgender couples (n=30), allocated into experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups, answered the CSSI-Villa&Del-Prette, Couples’ Quality Scale and Couples’ Satisfaction Scale in the pre- and post-test evaluation. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes were used for data analysis, including the Shapiro-Wilk, t-Student and Generalized Estimating Equations tests. Statistically significant changes were found between the pre- and post-test of the EG, for indicators of CSC, Couples’ Quality and Couples’ Satisfaction, as they did not occur in the CG. An intriguing fact was observed for the level of dissatisfaction regarding the structural aspects of the relationship, which was increased both for the CG and for the EG, especially considering the EG of Heterosexual couples. The results obtained in these studies are pioneering in Brazilian literature, especially in the approach to couples with different sexual orientations, the proposal of multimodal assessment for couples and the novelty of a Brazilian program for couples in the online modality. It is expected that the results found in this thesis will guide further research and expand the possibilities for studies in the field.
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    Uso versátil de novos complexos de Mg(II): proteção a ERO’s à oxidação lipídica
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30)
    Marchi, Rafael Cavalieri
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    Carlos, Rose Maria
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6124280245373485
    The search for compounds that have antioxidant properties is increasing due to their application in strategic areas such as food preservation, food supplements, active compounds in smart packaging, among others. This research work aims to prepare and characterize metallic Mg(II) complex containing in the coordination sphere ferulic acid (fer) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen; Mg-phen-fer) and their application in polymeric films. The complex was characterized by infrared, electron injection mass spectrometry (MS-ESI) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and DOSY-NMR. The cyclic voltammograms obtained in aqueous solution in the anodic region showed a cyclic process indicating the stability of the species generated during the oxidation of coordinated ferulic acid, probably due to the stabilization of the corresponding phenoxyl radical via complexation with Mg(II), which is interesting for antioxidant applications. The Mg-phen-fer complex against the DPPH• radical presented an IC50 of 26 µM while for the BHT it was 40.9 µM. The same behavior is observed for the complex ABTS•+ radical presented an IC50 of 6 µM while for the BHT it was 16.75 µM. The complex showed total inhibition of 1O2 generation, at a concentration of 1.65 µg/mL. Furthermore, the complex was also able to stabilize riboflavin from the decomposition that occurs in the presence of light in an inert atmosphere. Regarding the peroxyl radicals that serve as a model for lipid radicals, the complex inhibited the generation of these radicals, presenting IC50 of 5µg/mL. In this work, two biopolymers were investigated for making the packaging material, tapioca starch and gelatin. It was found that the films containing the complex do not favor the proliferation of microorganisms, are always transparent, and are stable at temperatures of 30 °C and 40 °C observed in attenuated total reflection infrared (IR-ATR) measurements. The oxygen transmission capacity in the films was altered with the incorporation of the complex, with starch films being more susceptible to oxygen diffusion than gelatin films. The release of the complex from the two matrices was quick for systems with a high percentage of water. From the starch film, the total release in water took place in 30 minutes, in the presence of 50 % ethanol this release takes place in 200 minutes and in alcoholic systems only 10 % of the mass of the complex was released in more than three days. For the gelatin film, regardless of the aqueous media, release occurred within 60 min. With microbiology studies, for the Mg-phen-fer complex, it was verified that the minimum bactericidal concentration is 1.0 mg/mL and the minimum fungicidal concentration is 0.05 mg/mL. This complex stands out in food protection both for being a great candidate for antioxidant and for having an excellent antimicrobial activity. The complex has a high potential for application, and studies with different polymeric matrices must be carried out to delay controlled release, attracting a greater market value to the product.
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    Perspectivas da população em situação de rua: saúde mental e cuidados oferecidos pelo SUS e SUAS
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30)
    Santos, Giovana Moraes dos
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    Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4701955764629427
    The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the condition of being a homeless person, mental health and the care offered by the healthcare and social assistance network, examining specifically the interface between the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS). Empirical data were collected via 22 semi-structured interviews, 18 of which were conducted with homeless people and 4 with professionals from the Centro POP (Day Center), Consultório na Rua (Mobile Health Unit) and an Emergency Shelter of a medium-sized city in the interior of the State of São Paulo. The collected data were analyzed using the Thematic Content Analysis technique, following the example of key authors within the area of Social Psychology and public policy, and yielded descriptive and interpretive results. Participants’ remarks were organized into the following analytical categories: 1. Homelessness: psychosocial determinants and the dialectic relationship between difficulties and potentialities; 2. Mental Health: meanings and the dialectic relationship between suffering and well-being, needs and desires; 3. Care and Services; 4. Pandemic. The hypotheses of this study were confirmed: the homeless population has specific mental health demands due to psychosocial vulnerabilities brought about by their living conditions; these demands are partially met by the services offered within the health and social network. However, although it was found that some services offered directly benefit mental health, there is a need for actions that more directly relate to this scope and more effectively minimize vulnerabilities in this population. Thus, this study showed a complex interrelationship between the dimensions Homelessness, Mental Health and Public Policies, as well as the dialectical interaction between the vulnerabilities and strengths of these ways of life, between suffering and resources, between risk factors and protection, between needs and desires. There is still a need for more studies that critically discuss the issue, as these are still scarce, reinforcing the invisibility that is so common to homeless people.
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    O que estamos fazendo sobre a violência escolar: uma revisão bibliográfica
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30)
    Pedrini, Carolina
    ;
    Brino, Rachel de Faria
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5816690864289512
    School violence is an international problem involving different forms of aggression, such as physical, verbal, psychological and sexual, and also depredation of equity, misfeasance, amongst other aspects. On the present thesis a literature review will be performed involving articles about the cited subject focusing on interventions, in order to seek guidelines and problems involving the resolution and prevention of this problem.
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    Esfoliação e funcionalização de nanofolhas de MoS2: desenvolvimento de novos materiais elastoméricos
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30)
    Fiel, Rodrigo de Souza Penha
    ;
    Leite, Edson Roberto
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7295293560231198
    Two-dimensional materials, such as MoS2, have been extensively studied in recent decades due to their excellent properties in electronics, electrocatalysis, optics and mechanics. A major focus in recent research resides in the surface modification of the MoS2 structure through covalent or non-covalent functionalization for the development of new functional materials. Within this perspective, this work initially presents a simple approach of liquid phase exfoliation, assisted by an ultrasound bath, to exfoliate and functionalize, in a single step, MoS2 dispersed in a polybutadiene (PB) solution forming functionalized nanosheets (f-MoS2). In the synthesis step, the influence of the synthesis temperature on the concentration of functionalized PB was verified. Then, the functionalized nanosheets were incorporated at different loadings in a PB matrix and subsequently vulcanized only with sulfur. The elastomeric nanocomposites (f-MoS2/PB) were subjected to mechanical tests to evaluate the influence of f-MoS2 on mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and elongation at break. In addition, the rubber nanocomposites were also submitted to swelling tests in MEK and toluene and compared with the swelling of traditional rubbers (nitrile and fluorinated). Hence, the set of results allows us to conclude that it is possible to control the concentration of functionalized PB in MoS2 nanosheets by varying the ultrasound synthesis temperature. The f-MoS2 nanosheets promote a significant mechanical improvement in which it is possible to control the Young's modulus and the elongation at break of nanocomposites. Furthermore, there is a notable reduction in the swelling-ratio in MEK and toluene with the addition of f-MoS2 which can be even compared to traditional nitrile and fluorinated rubbers. The statistical results showcase that it is possible to modulate the swelling-ratio of the elastomers by varying the concentration of f-MoS2 or its synthesis temperature.
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    Avaliação da correlação entre propriedades colorimétricas e propriedades físico-mecânicas de madeiras tropicais
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-01)
    Aquino, Vinicius Borges de Moura
    ;
    Lahr, Francisco Antonio Rocco
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2333091200416653
    ;
    Christoforo, André Luis
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186
    This work aimed to evaluate the use of colorimetric properties (L*, a* and b*) of the CIELAB system and apparent density as estimators of physical and mechanical properties of ten tropical wood species using quadratic multivariable regression models. The models were evaluated following the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) precepts, as well as the normality of the data. Therefore, analyzes were made of how physical and mechanical properties and colorimetric parameters are related. First, the correlation between colorimetric parameters and physical and mechanical properties was evaluated using the Pearson test. The goodness of fit was measured using the coefficient of determination (R²). In order to understand how physical and mechanical properties and colorimetric parameters are related, linear and quadratic models with an independent variable (L* or a* or b*) were generated. After understanding how the colorimetric parameters are related and verifying the independence between parameters and properties, linear and quadratic models were generated in order to see if the use of quadratic models improves the accuracy of the estimates. After the evaluation of the quadratic and linear models, the quadratic multivariable models were validated with data from nine species and the properties of the tenth species were estimated and compared with the experimental data. After validation, quadratic multivariable models were generated with data from the ten species evaluated and the error of the estimates was evaluated using the models obtained as data estimators in the literature. Additionally, the behavior of apparent density and its relationship with physical and mechanical properties was evaluated throughout the entire evaluation. The result of Pearson's correlation showed that the colorimetric parameters, as well as the apparent density have significance in the correlation, indicating a significant relationship between factors and properties, but with a weak correlation. Quadratic models, compared to linear models, increased the significance of the estimate, except for the L* parameter. The results of the validation models showed that fc0, fH0 and fH90 presented good quality in the fit (R²>70%) using only the parameters. Adding density, EM also arrived in good quality in the fit, indicating the possibility of its use. For the models with data from the 10 species, the estimator models of the properties fc0, fH0 and fH90, Ec0 and EM achieved good quality in the adjustment using only the colorimetric parameters, improving the precision with the addition of the apparent density as an independent variable. The comparison with the data estimated by the models and the experimental values show that it is possible to estimate physical and mechanical properties using colorimetric parameters and apparent density.
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    Ouvir, contar, reviver e recontar: narrativas de/sobre educadores matemáticos que atuaram no Pacto Nacional Pela Alfabetização Na Idade Certa
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-01)
    Vasconcelos, Lívia de Oliveira
    ;
    Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2297203444364327
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2650089006681898
    I participated in the National Pact for Literacy in the Right Age from 2014 to 2017, which allowed me to follow different phases of this public policy: the mathematical literacy cycle in 2014, the discussion on interdisciplinary practices in 2015, the cooling of actions in 2016 and the closure abrupt of the program in 2017. Mobilized by my experience in the program, I chose it as the study theme. This research was carried out with the collaboration of three Mathematics Educators who worked in the genesis of the PNAIC: Carlos Vianna, Emerson Rolkouski – organizers of the PNAIC mathematics training notebooks – and Antonio José Lopes Bigode, who assumed a consultant role in the organizational dynamics of books. These collaborators gave me narrative interviews, through which they introduced themselves to me, telling how they became Mathematics Educators, describing which paths led them to the PNAIC and which projects they were engaged in at the time they were interviewed. The experiences narrated by them, as well as my own experience in carrying out this research, constitute the phenomenon that I investigate narratively, based on the theoretical contributions of Clandinin and Connelly. My general objective is to understand how the experiences of these three Mathematics Educators culminated in the origin of the PNAIC in mathematics in the way in which the program was presented. I do this through four narratives written by me, based on what was narrated by my collaborators. The first one is supported by the interview with Carlos Vianna, who presented me the challenges of putting different authors to work collaboratively and integrated in the PNAIC. Emerson told how the organizers of the mathematics training books were chosen and revealed how his role in other public policy, which preceded the PNAIC, was an important factor in his being invited to assume the position of organizer. Both Emerson and Carlos mentioned a third Mathematical Educator who, being a renowned name in the production of mathematics teaching material, was called upon by them to act as a consultant in the preparation of training materials: Bigode. Bigode, when telling me about the PNAIC, made an inversion of perspective, showing how the program demanded from the academic community a reinvention both in the way of working and in the way of communicating. In the fourth narrative, I resume the legacies of important Mathematics Educators cited by the interviewees as references that formed them, and whose ideals influenced the decisions they took at the PNAIC: Lydia Lamparelli and Romulo Lins. Finally, I present the thesis I built based on the testimony of my collaborators and the interpretive and analytical process I carried out as a researcher.
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    Surface modification with polymers as a tool to functionalize fabrics, fabricate graded materials and design interface of composites
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-01)
    Albers, Rebecca Faggion
    ;
    Leite, Edson Roberto
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2593926880871365
    Tailoring the properties of a material for a target application often depends on combining features of different components. To effectively arrange these components in a material, several methods have been developed to chemically modify surfaces, tuning its chemical composition, morphology and properties. Chemically modifying both organic and inorganic substrates enables the fabrication of coatings, the modification of scaffolds and the modulation of mechanical properties of composites. In this work, chemical functionalization through Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) was explored to fabricate coatings on SiOx substrates and cotton-based wound dressings; modifying scaffolds for the fabrication of 3D polymer-based graded materials; and designing the interface of polymer matrix composites. Conventional ATRP in solution is sensitive to oxygen and often requires lengthy deoxygenation processes of the polymerization mixture. When a zero-valent metal (Mt0) is introduced to the system in surface-initiated ATRP, it acts as a reducing agent, consuming oxygen from the polymerization mixture and enables the grafting of polymer brushes under ambient conditions. Zn0 was used as a reducing agent in Zn0 SI-ATRP to favor a cheap, fast and oxygen-tolerant fabrication of polymer brushes. Chemically different polymers were grafted from SiOx substrates using microliter volumes of polymerization mixture and the applicability of the process was demonstrated by grafting polymer brushes from cotton-based wound dressings. SI-ATRP is also a polymerization method in which the grafting density depends on the distance between the initiator and the reducing agent. Such feature enables the fabrication of materials with a gradient of chemical composition and morphology. A scaffold containing ATRP initiator in its structure was fabricated through free radical polymerization (FRP) of a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) and functionalized through Cu0 SI-ATRP, yielding single and multiple polymer gradients. Poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) single gradients and poly(2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate) PHEMA and POEGMA double gradients were fabricated and investigated through attenuated total refection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and image analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Moreover, polymers with different functionalities were synthesized through ATRP for the interfacial design of polymer matrix composites. Chemical compatibility between matrix and reinforcing elements enhances mechanical properties of composites, however interfacial architecture also influences the mechanical response of the final material. Interfacial vulcanization between the exposed S of 2D-MoS2 and the polybutadiene block of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene (PSBS) leads to the formation of loop-chain entanglements at the interface of the composite. To investigate the transference of stress from the matrix to the reinforcing elements at the interface of such composites, controlled architecture polymers were synthesized through conventional ATRP in solution, grafted to 2D-MoS2 and used as reinforcing elements in PSBS matrix composites. Such composites with interfacial brushes and loops were cyclic tested in tensile mode and revealed how molecular events taking place at the interface during loading and unloading cycles impacts the mechanical performance of polymer matrix composites.