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O processo criativo na reflexão contrafactual: fantasiando mundos alternativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-29) Prado, Mariana; Schelini, Patrícia Waltz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6185333517392859
Creative action combines multiple factors, including cognitive processes and socio-emotional variables. Guilford theorized some factors that were later associated with the creative person, namely: fluency, flexibility, elaboration and originality. On the other hand, when imaginative thinking goes into the past and digresses hypothetical alternatives to events and their outcomes, we call it counterfactual. There are four axes of classification of counterfactual thinking: related to direction, structure, referential and function. But the alternative reality to the past is not of interest only to science. Gothic fiction literature, born with the work "The Castle of Otranto" (Walpole, 1764), brings a theatrical life with ghostly characters and, like the counterfactuals, appropriates the past, focusing mainly on affections. With this, this research aimed to investigate the differences in the capacity to elaborate counterfactual thoughts in different age groups and, in addition, it verified the levels in which the creative parameters appear in narratives that rewrite the events of works with Gothic influence. The older age group was expected to produce more counterfactuals and use more elaboration in the creative process. The analysis of results took place from the content analysis of the narratives and was subject to comparison between groups using the Mann-Whitney Test, in addition, the scores in creative abilities were correlated to the types of counterfacts. The results showed that the group of adults had better counterfactual performance both in the Counterfactual Inference Test (CIT) and in the total numbers produced by both narratives. Among the counterfactual types, there was a strong preference for the additive type (structure-related) among adults, thus, this counterfactual type showed a significant correlation with all the creative parameters studied. In addition, the Doctor and the Monster narrative stood out in total numbers of counterfactuals.
Entre lo productivo y reproductivo: trayectorias laborales de mujeres profesionales en tres generaciones
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-29) Rosales, Janete Marlene Silva; Lima, Jacob Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3909446208502381
La precarización del mercado laboral peruano traducida en la continua pérdida de derechos sociales y estabilidad por las políticas neoliberales afecta la empleabilidad de las profesionales universitarias. Ellas, a pesar de contar con altas calificaciones se encontrarán en situación de subempleo, desempleo o informalidad; no obstante, continúan capacitándose con la expectativa de empleabilidad. Dicha precariedad repercute en el trabajo reproductivo, pues tendrán que minimizar la dedicación de labores domésticas, la provisión de cuidados y afectos, en favor del desarrollo profesional. Este problema es diferencialmente vivenciado por mujeres de distinta clase social, generación, etnia y nacionalidad. La presente investigación analizó las trayectorias laborales de mujeres profesionales pertenecientes a tres generaciones: mayor (55-69 años) intermedia (40 a 55 años) y joven (28 a 39 años). El objetivo fue comprender las estrategias que ellas usaron para lidiar con el conflicto entre el trabajo productivo y reproductivo durante su trayectoria. Se usó la metodología cualitativa a través del método de entrevistas virtuales semiestructuradas. El estudio reveló que las mujeres jóvenes afectadas por la inestabilidad laboral postergaron la maternidad y minimizaron las relaciones amorosas. Las mujeres intermedias cargadas de múltiples empleos recurrieron a la tercerización doméstica para atender a sus hijos. Las mujeres mayores, poseedoras de estabilidad económica, centraron en su propio cuidado además de fortalecer debilitados vínculos familiares. Dichas estrategias estarían influenciadas por una visión emprendedurista que junto a una racionalidad neoliberal resignificarían la precariedad laboral como realización profesional, empoderamiento femenino e independencia; por lo que no se auto percibieron como precarias. En esta línea se observó que ellas se esforzaban en adquirir capitales simbólicos concretados en diplomas además de capitales sociales como las amistades influyentes con la expectativa de acceder a un empleo favorable. Así mismo, los modos sutiles de discriminación de género, el acoso sexual, además de la desigual carga doméstica evidenciarían la vigencia de estereotipos de género tradicionales. No obstante, su difícil reconocimiento ocasionaría que muchas de las mujeres analizadas no se auto percibieran como discriminadas.
Multivariate conditional density estimation with copulas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-29) Bisca, Felipe Hernandez; Izbicki, Rafael; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9991192137633896; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0098305106881719
Most machine learning regression models only yield single point estimations for the label of a new observation. However, when dealing with multi-modal or asymmetric distributions, a single point estimate is not enough to summarize the full uncertainty over such label. One solution for this case is to estimate the full conditional density function of the label given the features, which is more informative. For instance, this density can be used to compute probability regions rather than single point estimates. Conditional densities become especially useful when modelling multivariate responses, which is often the case in fields such as cosmology. Most well known conditional density estimators are too slow to be computed or do not generalize to multivariate-response settings. To minimize such problems, our method estimates multivariate densities using copula to aggregate estimates of univariate conditional densities given by the recent-developed FlexCode. We show that this solution leads to improved results when compared to other state-of-the-art techniques.
Semeadura direta para restauração de floresta tropical: efeitos de arranjos de espécies no estabelecimento e crescimento inicial da comunidade arbórea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-29) Horle, Daniel Carlos; Loiola, Priscilla de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691455603546958; Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9320686533847790; Silva, José Mauro Santana da; Vieira, Daniel Luis Mascia; Loiola, Priscilla de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1206055452889306; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3112965245088570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691455603546958; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0662-4132; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2709-5308; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-2618
Direct seeding is a common technique for tropical forest restoration, however we lack detailed knowledge on species arrangements, overall implementation and optimal costs to allow its more efficient large-scale use. We evaluated whether direct seeding through different species arrangements affected the early-establishment of the community and of some of tree species. We tested four seeding richness arrangements (seven, 13, 21 and 29 species), sowing the same density for all treatments, altering density per species. In a site destined for the Brazilian Seasonal Atlantic Forest restoration, we installed 24 plots of 10 m × 3 m each, in a randomized design. We counted and measured seedling height and stem diameter and estimated the costs for seed purchase, implementation, and maintenance of each treatment up to one year after sowing. Richness variation among treatments were reduced after sowing, since many species did not emerge. Thus, we evaluated the effect of different sowing densities on the five species that emerged in all arrangements. The treatment with less species had higher seedling density, but basal area, mean seedling diameter and height of seedlings in the community did not varied among treatments. Species did not change establishment rate nor growth according to sowing density. Cost per seedling was higher in the richest arrangement, however it varied only 8.5% among treatments and similar to the cost of tree seedlings plantings. Prioritizing species with high establishment rate may reduce the costs of direct seeding, however it may not be as cheap as previously reported in other initiatives.
Desenvolvimento de metodologias sustentáveis para a síntese de tetraidroquinolinas: o uso de hemiacetais como indutores de assimetria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-29) Quaglio, Karina de Souza; Paixão, Márcio Weber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-2831; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4449650752374596; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4415-949X
Heterocyclic compounds constitute the most important class of organic compounds today, being present in pharmaceutical compounds, natural products, vitamins, and presenting different biological activities. In particular, N-heterocycles are present in 59% of drugs approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). In this context, tetrahydroquinolines (THQ) have been highlighted due to their vast presence in natural products with biological activity and in pharmacologically relevant therapeutic agents, which is why the development of new synthesis methodologies for this class of compounds is a research target of interest. Inspired by literature reports and by the existing gap in obtaining THQs with high structural diversity and stereochemical control, this master's project aims to develop a protocol to synthesize diasteromerically enriched and highly diverse 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives through an organocatalyzed Michael addition followed by an Ugi-Smiles reaction. Therefore the objective is to synthesize a substrate with two of the functional groups of the Ugi reaction, aiming to control the diastereoselectivity of Ugi-4C-3CR through an intramolecular approach.