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Os significados e sentidos de universitários acerca do suicídio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30) Brandt, Larissa da Silva; Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6450355794398660
Suicide consist of a complex and multi-determined phenomenon, being considered one of the main current public health issues. The high levels of psychological distress among university students, added to the scarcity of qualitative studies on the subject, make in-depth investigations into the collective and individual representations about suicide of this group essentials. With this in mind, the general objective of this study was to investigate the psychosocial aspects of the collective meanings and subjective senses of university students at the Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) about suicide. Thereunto, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 graduate students and 5 postgraduate students, of which 8 were women and 4 were men. The data analysis was performed using the technique of thematic content analysis, being suicide the main meaning unit. The results found were divided into three thematic categories and their respective nucleus and subnucleus of analysis. The first category, named “The collective meanings about suicide” sought to critically portray the social representations identified by the participants about the phenomenon, in addition to highlighting the determining elements that compose them. The category “The subjective senses about suicide” aimed to identify the individual perspectives and affections among students on the subject and explore their experiences with the phenomenon. Finally, the last category, entitled "The interfaces between mental health, university and suicide", intended to investigate the different experiences of the participants on mental health in the university environment, in addition to identifying the possible determining units present in this context that are dialectically related to the suicide. In conclusion, it was determined that both collective meanings and subjective senses are fundamental elements in the investigation of suicide and for the construction of effective interventions. Finally, we emphasize the importance of implementing actions in the university context that focus on the student permanence, the promotion of mental health and the enhancement of the protective components present in this environment.
O desenvolvimento do conceito de pensamento computacional na educação matemática segundo contribuições da teoria histórico-cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30) Navarro, Eloisa Rosotti; Sousa, Maria do Carmo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8916355296831066
The objective of this research was to develop, from conceptual nexuses and assumptions of Cultural-Historical Theory, the theoretical concept of computational thinking for its development in Mathematics Education. The research is characterized as qualitative. The logical-historical movement of the term “computational thinking” was analyzed through a State of Knowledge type of study, in the period from 2009 to 2019, with data from research (theses and dissertations), scientific articles, the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), and the Curriculum of the State of São Paulo, called Currículo Paulista. Thus, the following leading question was established: What are the possible conceptual nexuses that contribute to the development of computational thinking in the context of Mathematics Education? The results point out that there are studies that use the term and diverge in relation to the definition of computational thinking and its characteristics. In addition, the analysis of the aforementioned documents allowed, under the aegis of Cultural-Historical Theory, to determine three conceptual nexuses of computational thinking, which can be configured in the context of Mathematics Education and, consequently, in school Mathematics, which are: problem solving; algebraic thinking, and algorithmic thinking. These conceptual nexuses are, essentially, in constant movement, as they are dialectical, historical, logical, and cultural. Based on them, the concept of computational thinking was developed in Mathematics Education, which considers the essentiality of developing computational thinking as a potential means of expanding the skills of problem-solving, of interpreting reality, and of expanding the ways of action of students in their sociocultural context, either in a plugged (ICTs) or unplugged manner. In this sense, the definition of the concept aims not only to think about “what it is” (external nexuses), but “how we can use it in everyday school life” and “how it can be developed to interpret and solve problems in reality” (internal nexuses). The logical-historical movement of computational thinking corroborates the development of this type of thinking, in its connection with the act of appropriation and use by students.
Uso versátil de novos complexos de Mg(II): proteção a ERO’s à oxidação lipídica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30) Marchi, Rafael Cavalieri; Carlos, Rose Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6124280245373485
The search for compounds that have antioxidant properties is increasing due to their application in strategic areas such as food preservation, food supplements, active compounds in smart packaging, among others. This research work aims to prepare and characterize metallic Mg(II) complex containing in the coordination sphere ferulic acid (fer) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen; Mg-phen-fer) and their application in polymeric films. The complex was characterized by infrared, electron injection mass spectrometry (MS-ESI) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and DOSY-NMR. The cyclic voltammograms obtained in aqueous solution in the anodic region showed a cyclic process indicating the stability of the species generated during the oxidation of coordinated ferulic acid, probably due to the stabilization of the corresponding phenoxyl radical via complexation with Mg(II), which is interesting for antioxidant applications. The Mg-phen-fer complex against the DPPH• radical presented an IC50 of 26 µM while for the BHT it was 40.9 µM. The same behavior is observed for the complex ABTS•+ radical presented an IC50 of 6 µM while for the BHT it was 16.75 µM. The complex showed total inhibition of 1O2 generation, at a concentration of 1.65 µg/mL. Furthermore, the complex was also able to stabilize riboflavin from the decomposition that occurs in the presence of light in an inert atmosphere. Regarding the peroxyl radicals that serve as a model for lipid radicals, the complex inhibited the generation of these radicals, presenting IC50 of 5µg/mL. In this work, two biopolymers were investigated for making the packaging material, tapioca starch and gelatin. It was found that the films containing the complex do not favor the proliferation of microorganisms, are always transparent, and are stable at temperatures of 30 °C and 40 °C observed in attenuated total reflection infrared (IR-ATR) measurements. The oxygen transmission capacity in the films was altered with the incorporation of the complex, with starch films being more susceptible to oxygen diffusion than gelatin films. The release of the complex from the two matrices was quick for systems with a high percentage of water. From the starch film, the total release in water took place in 30 minutes, in the presence of 50 % ethanol this release takes place in 200 minutes and in alcoholic systems only 10 % of the mass of the complex was released in more than three days. For the gelatin film, regardless of the aqueous media, release occurred within 60 min. With microbiology studies, for the Mg-phen-fer complex, it was verified that the minimum bactericidal concentration is 1.0 mg/mL and the minimum fungicidal concentration is 0.05 mg/mL. This complex stands out in food protection both for being a great candidate for antioxidant and for having an excellent antimicrobial activity. The complex has a high potential for application, and studies with different polymeric matrices must be carried out to delay controlled release, attracting a greater market value to the product.
Estratégias didáticas para o ensino de física: uma análise das tendências do MNPEF
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30) Zavatini, Ricardo de Mendonça; Gebara, Maria José Fontana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6585493065968961; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3243871351221307
Difficulties and problems in Physics teaching in basic education, especially in high school, are certainly not a recent issue, being responsible for conducting numerous researches aimed at investigating its causes and consequences. Criticisms of the so-called traditional teaching methods have made many teachers feel the need to look for different strategies, which correspond to the students' expectations. For this, programs such as the Professional National Masters in Physics Teaching (MNPEF) - a national postgraduate program of a professional nature, aimed at teachers who teach Physics - aim to qualify most Basic Education teachers in terms of mastery of content and current teaching techniques for application in the classroom. Given the dimensions achieved by this policy, it is natural to seek to investigate the results arising from the actions of this program. In this paper, we present an analysis of dissertations and educational products from the poles of the Southeast region of the MNPEF, from institutional and thematic-based descriptors, with the general objective of identifying the main teaching strategies that have been used by teachers of Basic Education Physics and its alignment with the research area in Physics teaching. The research, of a qualitative nature and carried out from a documental analysis, was essentially exploratory. The results showed that, reflecting the national scenario, most of the authors of dissertations/educational products from the poles in the Southeast region of the MNPEF are male, as well as the advisors of these poles. The most explored Physics contents belong to Electromagnetism, whose teaching is considered complex. From the point of view of teaching strategies, the one that stands out most is Experimentation, always highlighted in the literature in the field of research in Physics Teaching.
CONECTE: atualização de medida psicométrica e construção/avaliação de um programa de treinamento de habilidades sociais conjugais para casais de diferentes orientações sexuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30) Cardoso, Bruno Luiz Avelino; Murta, Sheila Giardini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3872050473238370; Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597184070037083
Couples’ Social Skills (CSS) are classes of behaviors that function to maximize couples’ satisfaction, increase the quality of the relationship, and reduce problems in the relationship. These behaviors (CSS) can be developed through specific programs, whose results show effectiveness in studies abroad. However, Brazilian research on this topic has been predominantly focused on characterization and correlation (not intervention) with heterosexual married couples. Such research was driven by the creation of the only instrument available in Brazil to measure CSS, the Couples’ Social Skills Inventory (CSSI-Villa&Del-Prette), which lacks psychometric refinement. This thesis had as main objectives: (1) to update the norms of the CSSI-Villa&Del-Prette for same-sex couples and (2) to build/evaluate a Couples’ Social Skills Training Program (CONECTE) for couples of different sexual orientations. For this, in Study 1, it was possible to discuss preliminary theoretical aspects for an intervention in CSS focused on sexual diversity and gender. In Study 2, the conceptual basis of the field of Social Skills Training and multimodal methods of evaluating CSS was presented. In Study 3, it was possible to estimate new psychometric evidence for the CSSI-Villa&Del-Prette, assess the model’s invariance as a function of gender and sexual orientation, and characterize and identify specificities of the CSS repertoire in relation to gender and sexual orientation. Exploratory structural equation modeling and polychoric correlation matrices were used, in addition to analyzes using the t-Student test and MANOVA. The invariance of the CSSI-Villa&Del-Prette was verified regarding gender and sexual orientation. However, same-sex couples had higher means for the total CSS repertoire and in the subclasses Assertive Reciprocity, Assertive Self-affirmation, and Affection/Empathy. In these same variables, women had higher means than men. In Study 4, the effects of the CONECTE program, in the online modality, with heterosexual couples and same-sex couples were tested through an experimental design. Fifteen cisgender couples (n=30), allocated into experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups, answered the CSSI-Villa&Del-Prette, Couples’ Quality Scale and Couples’ Satisfaction Scale in the pre- and post-test evaluation. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes were used for data analysis, including the Shapiro-Wilk, t-Student and Generalized Estimating Equations tests. Statistically significant changes were found between the pre- and post-test of the EG, for indicators of CSC, Couples’ Quality and Couples’ Satisfaction, as they did not occur in the CG. An intriguing fact was observed for the level of dissatisfaction regarding the structural aspects of the relationship, which was increased both for the CG and for the EG, especially considering the EG of Heterosexual couples. The results obtained in these studies are pioneering in Brazilian literature, especially in the approach to couples with different sexual orientations, the proposal of multimodal assessment for couples and the novelty of a Brazilian program for couples in the online modality. It is expected that the results found in this thesis will guide further research and expand the possibilities for studies in the field.
Membrana de látex com incorporação de arnica visando o tratamento de queimaduras de segundo grau
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30) Silva, Lucas Camargo Soares Carvalho da; Komatsu, Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2620060426867863; Duek, Eliana Aparecida de Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4147198882685212; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5966246860954653
In recent years, several studies have focused on therapeutic alternatives in the treatment of skin injuries caused by burns. In this context, the search for biomaterials and natural substances that can help in the regeneration process of skin damages, from low-cost materials and recovery to the entire population. Among the materials already studied for this application, the natural latex from rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis presents excellent physical, chemical and biological properties. It can stimulate angiogenesis and accelerate the tissue regeneration process. Combined with latex, plant extracts can contribute to the treatment of burns. So arnica has several therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and regenerative effects. The present study aims to obtain and characterize the latex-based membranes loaded with arnica fiber for application in skin injuries caused by burns. The characterization of latex-based membranes were done by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and it showed the presence of characteristic chemical groups for each of the pure constituents and in membranes containing arnica, it was observed that the purification process was efficient and that there is a predominance of polymer characteristics in latex membranes with arnica, denoting a low interaction between the systems, which was confirmed by the results of TG (Thermogravimetry) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) since there was no change in the thermal characteristics of the material by the combination of arnica. In the mechanical testing, it can be observed that the addition of arnica caused a slight change in the mechanical properties of the latex, indicating the low interaction between the polymer matrix and arnica fiber. Zeta potential analysis, it is possible to verify the presence of arnica fibers exposed on the surface of the latex membrane, results in hydrophilic character to the composite material. Water vapor permeation test, it can be observed that the addition of arnica promotes a small increase in water vapor adsorption to the latex matrix, which facilitates not only the diffusion of water vapor through the composite, but also the absorption of liquids inside the material, as seen in the membrane swelling test. According to the release results, it was possible to observe that the release mechanism followed a biexponential pattern, indicating an anomalous behavior, not following a Fickian pattern. It was observed that the highest concentration of arnica promoted an increase in concentration at each incubation time. In vivo study results showed that burns covered with the latex membrane and mainly as covered by latex membranes containing arnica, heat increased protection against infectious agents and water loss from the wound. The membrane content 10% of arnica favored more intensely cell proliferation and tissue organization, and could be determined for second-degree burn treatments.
Perspectivas da população em situação de rua: saúde mental e cuidados oferecidos pelo SUS e SUAS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30) Santos, Giovana Moraes dos; Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4701955764629427
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the condition of being a homeless person, mental health and the care offered by the healthcare and social assistance network, examining specifically the interface between the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS). Empirical data were collected via 22 semi-structured interviews, 18 of which were conducted with homeless people and 4 with professionals from the Centro POP (Day Center), Consultório na Rua (Mobile Health Unit) and an Emergency Shelter of a medium-sized city in the interior of the State of São Paulo. The collected data were analyzed using the Thematic Content Analysis technique, following the example of key authors within the area of Social Psychology and public policy, and yielded descriptive and interpretive results. Participants’ remarks were organized into the following analytical categories: 1. Homelessness: psychosocial determinants and the dialectic relationship between difficulties and potentialities; 2. Mental Health: meanings and the dialectic relationship between suffering and well-being, needs and desires; 3. Care and Services; 4. Pandemic. The hypotheses of this study were confirmed: the homeless population has specific mental health demands due to psychosocial vulnerabilities brought about by their living conditions; these demands are partially met by the services offered within the health and social network. However, although it was found that some services offered directly benefit mental health, there is a need for actions that more directly relate to this scope and more effectively minimize vulnerabilities in this population. Thus, this study showed a complex interrelationship between the dimensions Homelessness, Mental Health and Public Policies, as well as the dialectical interaction between the vulnerabilities and strengths of these ways of life, between suffering and resources, between risk factors and protection, between needs and desires. There is still a need for more studies that critically discuss the issue, as these are still scarce, reinforcing the invisibility that is so common to homeless people.
O sofrimento psíquico no trabalho em profissionais de saúde mental: estudo de caso em um CAPS adulto no interior do estado do Paraná
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30) Silveira, Márcio Alves; Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2634621328003488
This research aims to investigate the psychic suffering of these professionals who work supporting the mental health of the assisted population and, as specific objectives, to identify the different dimensions of psychic suffering linked to the work of these workers, understand how they deal with mental suffering and identify aspects of suffering and pleasure at work. It is a qualitative, interpretative and empirical research, using as instruments participant observation, semi-structured interviews and application of the Inventory of Risks of Pathogenic Suffering at Work (IRIS), the latter being used to analyze three factors closely related to work: usefulness, unworthiness and recognition, which refer respectively to the feeling of appreciation and satisfaction at work, feeling of injustice and dissatisfaction and finally, feeling admired and accepted with their work; the interviews allowed to investigate details of the daily work routine, as well as affections involved in this dimension, and were worked from the Thematic Content Analysis; the participant observation occurred during 14 days in all shifts (morning/afternoon/night) and days of the week (including Saturday and Sunday) through the monitoring of workers and questioning when the researcher felt necessary and allowed to understand the routine of the Institution, aspects of the prescribed work and the real work. The discussion of the results was supported by the theoretical referential of Work Psychology, Psychodynamics of Work and Psychosocial Care; we also used the Marxist conception of work as the basis of our theoretical referential. This research made it possible to understand that the pathogenic suffering of the participating workers has its source in emotional wear, causes of frustration and sadness, in the overload for a volume of work of a city that needs more CAPS Adult, in the fragmented work being taken by dead work and precarious bonds; but also a work activity capable of bringing satisfaction to the extent that the living work and the praxis allow the transformation of reality and promote greater learning; the research provided the perception that the dialectic pleasure / suffering is present in work relationships, permeated by living work and dead work.
Esfoliação e funcionalização de nanofolhas de MoS2: desenvolvimento de novos materiais elastoméricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30) Fiel, Rodrigo de Souza Penha; Leite, Edson Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7295293560231198
Two-dimensional materials, such as MoS2, have been extensively studied in recent decades due to their excellent properties in electronics, electrocatalysis, optics and mechanics. A major focus in recent research resides in the surface modification of the MoS2 structure through covalent or non-covalent functionalization for the development of new functional materials. Within this perspective, this work initially presents a simple approach of liquid phase exfoliation, assisted by an ultrasound bath, to exfoliate and functionalize, in a single step, MoS2 dispersed in a polybutadiene (PB) solution forming functionalized nanosheets (f-MoS2). In the synthesis step, the influence of the synthesis temperature on the concentration of functionalized PB was verified. Then, the functionalized nanosheets were incorporated at different loadings in a PB matrix and subsequently vulcanized only with sulfur. The elastomeric nanocomposites (f-MoS2/PB) were subjected to mechanical tests to evaluate the influence of f-MoS2 on mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and elongation at break. In addition, the rubber nanocomposites were also submitted to swelling tests in MEK and toluene and compared with the swelling of traditional rubbers (nitrile and fluorinated). Hence, the set of results allows us to conclude that it is possible to control the concentration of functionalized PB in MoS2 nanosheets by varying the ultrasound synthesis temperature. The f-MoS2 nanosheets promote a significant mechanical improvement in which it is possible to control the Young's modulus and the elongation at break of nanocomposites. Furthermore, there is a notable reduction in the swelling-ratio in MEK and toluene with the addition of f-MoS2 which can be even compared to traditional nitrile and fluorinated rubbers. The statistical results showcase that it is possible to modulate the swelling-ratio of the elastomers by varying the concentration of f-MoS2 or its synthesis temperature.
O que estamos fazendo sobre a violência escolar: uma revisão bibliográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30) Pedrini, Carolina; Brino, Rachel de Faria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5816690864289512
School violence is an international problem involving different forms of aggression, such as physical, verbal, psychological and sexual, and also depredation of equity, misfeasance, amongst other aspects. On the present thesis a literature review will be performed involving articles about the cited subject focusing on interventions, in order to seek guidelines and problems involving the resolution and prevention of this problem.
Investigações acerca da associação entre a automutilação e ideações suicidas na infância e adolescência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30) Cruz Alves, Victória Caroline Cruz ; Brino, Rachel de Faria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6482058364064482
Self-inflicted violence is one of several aspects of the vast field of study of violence and that has been increasingly studied by different areas of knowledge, since the number of people who find violence against themselves a way of dealing with suffering comes progressively growing over the last few decades. This type of violence is defined in the light of two subdivisions: suicidal behavior and self-harming behavior. Because they are conceptually very close themes, it is common that they are also related behind the understanding of the respective acts. However, there is still some ambiguity regarding the characterization of the behaviors involved in these classifications. It is also important to point out that self-injurious behavior is constantly characterized as one of the main risk factors for suicidal behavior. In this sense, it is imperative that both behaviors be studied in order to understand the consequences of their correlations in the long term as well. The present study sought to verify the existence of an association between self-mutilation and the development of suicidal ideation, as representatives of the respective groups of self-inflicted violence, in addition to seeking to define the motivations and possible risk factors for triggering self-injury practices in children and adolescents , aiming to contribute to scientific knowledge in the area for the elaboration of interventions and public policies related to the prevention of self-mutilation and suicide. The research was carried out with older participants, of any gender, who had already performed self-mutilation at some point in their lives. The results unanimously indicated that in individuals who presented non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors during childhood or adolescence, suicidal ideation has a higher prevalence level. Based on the data obtained, there were also indicators of the presence of suicidal ideation in a considerable number of children, since most of the participants stated that they had started to engage in self-mutilation behaviors before the age of 14 and that the thoughts suicides also started before the beginning of the practices.
Análise da expressão sistêmica de biomarcadores de degradação articular: um comparativo entre atletas profissionais de futebol com e sem histórico de lesões articulares em membro inferiores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-09-30) Zacharias, André Luís Simões; Serrão, Paula Regina Mendes da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2917658715637353; https://lattes.cnpq.br/711847758471066
Professional soccer participation exposes players to the highest frequencies and intensities of loads and joint injuries in the lower limbs. These factors are associated with greater risks of osteoarthritis development. Retired soccer athletes have a high prevalence of the disease. This scenario provides an impairment network that connects symptoms and joint limitations to the reduction in the quality of life of this population. Understanding microprocesses through the study of specific pathophysiological pathways, contribute to the evolution of monitoring, prevention and early intervention strategies directed to the context of soccer. Therefore, the objective of this study was to associate the evidence already in the literature about the pathophysiological processes of osteoarthritis to the dynamics of professional soccer, highlighting as the highest risk pathways associated with the sport. It is concluded that high joint demands seem to be related to the development of hip osteoarthritis, while joint injuries are the main risk factors for knee and ankle osteoarthritis. Minimizing the risk of joint damage, health education and the validation of tools that identify early disease-related changes can be important strategies for reducing risks and losses related to this population profile.