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Avaliação da correlação entre propriedades colorimétricas e propriedades físico-mecânicas de madeiras tropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-01)
Aquino, Vinicius Borges de Moura
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Lahr, Francisco Antonio Rocco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2333091200416653
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Christoforo, André Luis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186
This work aimed to evaluate the use of colorimetric properties (L*, a* and b*) of the CIELAB system and apparent density as estimators of physical and mechanical properties of ten tropical wood species using quadratic multivariable regression models. The models were evaluated following the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) precepts, as well as the normality of the data. Therefore, analyzes were made of how physical and mechanical properties and colorimetric parameters are related. First, the correlation between colorimetric parameters and physical and mechanical properties was evaluated using the Pearson test. The goodness of fit was measured using the coefficient of determination (R²). In order to understand how physical and mechanical properties and colorimetric parameters are related, linear and quadratic models with an independent variable (L* or a* or b*) were generated. After understanding how the colorimetric parameters are related and verifying the independence between parameters and properties, linear and quadratic models were generated in order to see if the use of quadratic models improves the accuracy of the estimates. After the evaluation of the quadratic and linear models, the quadratic multivariable models were validated with data from nine species and the properties of the tenth species were estimated and compared with the experimental data. After validation, quadratic multivariable models were generated with data from the ten species evaluated and the error of the estimates was evaluated using the models obtained as data estimators in the literature. Additionally, the behavior of apparent density and its relationship with physical and mechanical properties was evaluated throughout the entire evaluation. The result of Pearson's correlation showed that the colorimetric parameters, as well as the apparent density have significance in the correlation, indicating a significant relationship between factors and properties, but with a weak correlation. Quadratic models, compared to linear models, increased the significance of the estimate, except for the L* parameter. The results of the validation models showed that fc0, fH0 and fH90 presented good quality in the fit (R²>70%) using only the parameters. Adding density, EM also arrived in good quality in the fit, indicating the possibility of its use. For the models with data from the 10 species, the estimator models of the properties fc0, fH0 and fH90, Ec0 and EM achieved good quality in the adjustment using only the colorimetric parameters, improving the precision with the addition of the apparent density as an independent variable. The comparison with the data estimated by the models and the experimental values show that it is possible to estimate physical and mechanical properties using colorimetric parameters and apparent density.
Ouvir, contar, reviver e recontar: narrativas de/sobre educadores matemáticos que atuaram no Pacto Nacional Pela Alfabetização Na Idade Certa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-01)
Vasconcelos, Lívia de Oliveira
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Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2297203444364327
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2650089006681898
I participated in the National Pact for Literacy in the Right Age from 2014 to 2017, which allowed me to follow different phases of this public policy: the mathematical literacy cycle in 2014, the discussion on interdisciplinary practices in 2015, the cooling of actions in 2016 and the closure abrupt of the program in 2017. Mobilized by my experience in the program, I chose it as the study theme. This research was carried out with the collaboration of three Mathematics Educators who worked in the genesis of the PNAIC: Carlos Vianna, Emerson Rolkouski – organizers of the PNAIC mathematics training notebooks – and Antonio José Lopes Bigode, who assumed a consultant role in the organizational dynamics of books. These collaborators gave me narrative interviews, through which they introduced themselves to me, telling how they became Mathematics Educators, describing which paths led them to the PNAIC and which projects they were engaged in at the time they were interviewed. The experiences narrated by them, as well as my own experience in carrying out this research, constitute the phenomenon that I investigate narratively, based on the theoretical contributions of Clandinin and Connelly. My general objective is to understand how the experiences of these three Mathematics Educators culminated in the origin of the PNAIC in mathematics in the way in which the program was presented. I do this through four narratives written by me, based on what was narrated by my collaborators. The first one is supported by the interview with Carlos Vianna, who presented me the challenges of putting different authors to work collaboratively and integrated in the PNAIC. Emerson told how the organizers of the mathematics training books were chosen and revealed how his role in other public policy, which preceded the PNAIC, was an important factor in his being invited to assume the position of organizer. Both Emerson and Carlos mentioned a third Mathematical Educator who, being a renowned name in the production of mathematics teaching material, was called upon by them to act as a consultant in the preparation of training materials: Bigode. Bigode, when telling me about the PNAIC, made an inversion of perspective, showing how the program demanded from the academic community a reinvention both in the way of working and in the way of communicating. In the fourth narrative, I resume the legacies of important Mathematics Educators cited by the interviewees as references that formed them, and whose ideals influenced the decisions they took at the PNAIC: Lydia Lamparelli and Romulo Lins. Finally, I present the thesis I built based on the testimony of my collaborators and the interpretive and analytical process I carried out as a researcher.
Surface modification with polymers as a tool to functionalize fabrics, fabricate graded materials and design interface of composites
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-01)
Albers, Rebecca Faggion
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2593926880871365
Tailoring the properties of a material for a target application often depends on combining features of different components. To effectively arrange these components in a material, several methods have been developed to chemically modify surfaces, tuning its chemical composition, morphology and properties. Chemically modifying both organic and inorganic substrates enables the fabrication of coatings, the modification of scaffolds and the modulation of mechanical properties of composites. In this work, chemical functionalization through Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) was explored to fabricate coatings on SiOx substrates and cotton-based wound dressings; modifying scaffolds for the fabrication of 3D polymer-based graded materials; and designing the interface of polymer matrix composites. Conventional ATRP in solution is sensitive to oxygen and often requires lengthy deoxygenation processes of the polymerization mixture. When a zero-valent metal (Mt0) is introduced to the system in surface-initiated ATRP, it acts as a reducing agent, consuming oxygen from the polymerization mixture and enables the grafting of polymer brushes under ambient conditions. Zn0 was used as a reducing agent in Zn0 SI-ATRP to favor a cheap, fast and oxygen-tolerant fabrication of polymer brushes. Chemically different polymers were grafted from SiOx substrates using microliter volumes of polymerization mixture and the applicability of the process was demonstrated by grafting polymer brushes from cotton-based wound dressings. SI-ATRP is also a polymerization method in which the grafting density depends on the distance between the initiator and the reducing agent. Such feature enables the fabrication of materials with a gradient of chemical composition and morphology. A scaffold containing ATRP initiator in its structure was fabricated through free radical polymerization (FRP) of a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) and functionalized through Cu0 SI-ATRP, yielding single and multiple polymer gradients. Poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) single gradients and poly(2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate) PHEMA and POEGMA double gradients were fabricated and investigated through attenuated total refection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and image analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Moreover, polymers with different functionalities were synthesized through ATRP for the interfacial design of polymer matrix composites. Chemical compatibility between matrix and reinforcing elements enhances mechanical properties of composites, however interfacial architecture also influences the mechanical response of the final material. Interfacial vulcanization between the exposed S of 2D-MoS2 and the polybutadiene block of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene (PSBS) leads to the formation of loop-chain entanglements at the interface of the composite. To investigate the transference of stress from the matrix to the reinforcing elements at the interface of such composites, controlled architecture polymers were synthesized through conventional ATRP in solution, grafted to 2D-MoS2 and used as reinforcing elements in PSBS matrix composites. Such composites with interfacial brushes and loops were cyclic tested in tensile mode and revealed how molecular events taking place at the interface during loading and unloading cycles impacts the mechanical performance of polymer matrix composites.
Do retorno dos vencidos ao altermundialismo: em busca dos significados do movimento zapatista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-01)
Oliveira Filho, Marco Aurélio Maia Barbosa
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Sanchez, Fábio José Bechara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6423443695464907
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7223147454723043
En el primer día de 1994, indígenas mexicanos del estado de Chiapas sorprendieron al mundo con un levantamiento armado. Emitieron comunicados a la sociedad civil y esta respondió con grandes movilizaciones. Luego de un corto período de guerra contral el “malo gobierno”, los rebeldes decidieron “silenciar las armas” e innovar las formas de hacer política, se conectaron con diversos sectores civiles nacionales e internacionales para formar un movimiento amplio, cuyos ecos resonaron en iniciativas importantes y sentaron las bases para un movimiento global contra el neoliberalismo. A lo largo de los años el zapatismo dejó de ser una guerrilla clasica para enfatizar el desarrollo de la autonomía territorial, la creación de mecanismos de participación y comunicación inspirados en prácticas comunitarias tradicionales y el uso intensivo de tácticas orientadas a los medios de comunicación, buscando así combatir la opresión y construir desde ya “un mundo donde quepan todos los mundos”. Así, a raíz del surgimiento de los nuevos movimientos sociales, el zapatismo entra en escena como movimiento y expresión teórica de un proceso de reconposición del imaginario político revolucionario que manifiesta el impulso de algunas prácticas y temas, pero que a su vez no dejas de canalizar la emergencia de elementos derivados del saber político y prácticas sociales historicamente subalternizadas y hecho invisibles. Es visible, como señala la literatura, que el fenómeno mexicano abre nuevos horizontes para comprender los procesos sociales en curso en América Latina y en el mundo; como experiencia autogestionada, el zapatismo es un referencial para una parte considerable de los movimientos sociales contemporáneos; como forma de lucha por una sociedad más justa y igualitaria representa, desde una perspectiva benjaminiana, un posible fuego que ilumina el camino hacia el paso de la marcha triunfal de los vencidos. A través del establecimiento de un diálogo constante con perspectivas decoloniales y teorías sociales y políticas de corte libertario, esa investigación busca analizar las variables asociadas al proyecto zapatista de autogobierno y sus consecuencias políticas y sociales. La estrategia de investigación se centra en revisiones de la literatura y análisis documentales críticas. Se pretende, a través de este trabajo, comprender los significados que configuran el zapatismo como un movimiento de vanguardia en el nuevo contexto de la sociedad capitalista y de la reconfiguración de las luchas sociales a favor de una transformación social más amplia.
Papel de um derivado semissintético do [6]-gingerol (SSi6) na morte celular e efeitos antimetastáticos no câncer de mama triplo negativo: estudos in vitro e in vivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-01)
Dulcey, Liany Johanna Luna
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Cominetti, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1841833705087719
Nowadays, the development of new drugs/compounds to combat breast cancer is one of the main challenges of this research area. Among the different subtypes of this disease, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered the most aggressive and the one with the worst prognosis, since it has no specific therapeutic target. In this regard, the development of potential antitumor drug candidates for the treatment of this subtype is a major clinical and research challenge. Thus, in the first chapter of this thesis, the in vitro selective cytotoxic effect of SSi6 on the triple negative breast cell line MDA-MB-231 was shown. Unlike its natural homologue [6]-gingerol (6G), this new compound induced cell death by activation of two processes, autophagy (initial activation upon treatment) and caspase-independent apoptosis (late induction upon treatment), promoted by the generation of reactive oxygen species. This strategy of inducing combined mechanisms of cell death, is an interesting alternative for the treatment of triple negative tumors resistant to drugs that induce canonical apoptosis. Given this promising activity, in the second chapter the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of SSi6 on MDA-MB-231 cells in xenograft models were investigated. First, it was demonstrated that SSi6 does not cause toxic effects in vivo, shown mainly by monitoring the body weight of mice and by hematological and histological parameters. In the orthotopic xenograft model, SSi6 (15 mg/kg) slowed down the growth of the primary tumor, as well as the metastatic progression from axillary lymph nodes to the lungs. Finally, in the second xenograft model with resection of the primary tumor, the SSi6 was confirmed to block the progression of metastases from axillary lymph nodes to the lungs and other visceral organs. Taken together, the results demonstrate that SSi6 is a promising compound to be investigated in other preclinical models, which would allow its future application in clinical trials as a single or complementary therapy for the treatment of TNBC.
Impacto da tecnologia assistiva na infância e na adolescência na perspectiva dos pais: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-03)
Carvalho, Elis Souza de
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Lino, Carolina Cristina Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1032356815023991
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Lourenço, Gerusa Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1474728505225459
Introduction: Alternative Communication devices and Assistive Technology are used in order to favor the occupations of children and teenagers, promoting their independence and autonomy in daily life. However, the way in which the impact of these resources is perceived by family members and other professionals who work with these users is a topic of interest, as these factors are essential for the implementation to be carried out. Objective: This study sought to verify the impact of implementing Assistive Technology devices in childhood and adolescence described in national and international literature in the family context. Methodology: A systematic literature review was carried out in national and international journals in the last ten years, adopting as inclusion criteria the use of devices from Augmentative and Alternative Communication systems and/or other Assistive Technology equipaments, in addition to describing its implementation involving children and teenagers with the cooperation of family members and other interlocutors in the interventions. Results: 22 articles were included in the analysis and highlighted the importance of the professionals working together with the families of Assistive Technology users in order to favor its use and bring positive impacts on daily life. Discussion: Assistive Technology resources can be considered essential for children, teenagers and their families in carrying out their activities, as they are able to promote quality of life, care facilitation, relief from caregiver burden, participation in meaningful activities and inclusion of its users in different contexts when implemented in order to meet their goals, taking into account their wishes and family specificities. Conclusions and final considerations: The results highlighted the importance of the participation of children, teenagers, their families and other interlocutors in decision-making about which devices and systems should be implemented, as well as for their continuing education so that the devices used reach the objective of expanding the participation and independence of its users in the different contexts in which they are inserted.
Terapia ocupacional na educação: composição e delineamentos do campo profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-04)
Souza, Joana Rostirolla Batista de
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5500071723727109
Based on the materialistic-historical dialectic as a guide of our posture, method and praxis, we carried out a systematization and analysis of the production of scientific knowledge about occupational therapy in education; critical development of concepts that are central to this field; and historical positioning in this respect, having as a horizon the recognition of the research topic composing this study – the professional practice of occupational therapists in Brazilian basic education. To map the professional field of occupational therapy in Brazilian basic education and learn the professional activities of occupational therapists connected directly to schools or the educational sector in general, we collected data in two steps. The first one was the conduction of an online survey widely disclosed to the professional category, obtaining 74 valid responses to a questionnaire. The results revealed the existence of the professional field of occupational therapy in basic education in the country and that this began mainly at the turn of the century, involving occupational therapists who became active in schools and/or educational sector by various means: working as freelancers, both through home visits and treating individual patients at their schools; establishment of clinics that rendered services to schools; provision of services by people connected to the health, social assistance or socio-legal sectors, developing professional actions in schools; teaching of occupational therapy in schools, hired directly by or working through municipal or state education secretariats; and also situations not fitting in any of these profiles. The second source of data was in-depth interviews with 15 occupational therapists involved in education selected from the respondents to the survey. Together the information indicated that independently of the sector (public or private) or the structure for organization of the occupational therapy activity, the referral of students to these services is generally forwarded by teachers, and the most evident guiding principle is inclusion in terms of special education. In the public sector, the sub-area circumscribes a nationally disarticulated field of actions, inserted randomly in local educational policies. The respondents expressed critiques of the format of their work, actively seeking to expand dialog with schools about possible contributions. The specificity of the work involves the mastery of the activities and their interaction with the routine experienced by, in great majority, children in schools with the leading strategy being individual treatment highly aligned with the functional perspective and employing varied tools, resources and technologies. Through membership in professional teams there is a notable effort to compose caregiving networks devoted to the subjects who seek these services. Recent social and political pressures have shed light on what is interpreted as the need of professionals from the field of rehabilitation to support supposedly “unprepared” teachers to meet certain demands. The problem is being addressed without proper articulation, and the response offered is limited to individual, palliative action. We propose that the horizon to be pursued is marked by the possibilities of actions of occupational therapists directed to a formal education that is public, diverse, radically inclusive and hence democratic, that provides full development and preparation to exercise citizenship endowed with all the tools necessary for well-being.
Differential cohomology on maps of pairs and relative-parallel product
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-06)
Nunez Maldonado, Juan Carlos
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Ruffino, Fabio Ferrari
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2512107188781159
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0715395785736301
In this thesis, we study three important topics. The first one provides an axiomatic framework to differential cohomology on maps of pairs of topological spaces, introducing the product between relative and parallel classes. The second one describes some concrete models of differential cohomology endowed with the relative-parallel product, showing that the axioms stated above are not empty. The third topic deals with the construction and the axiomatization of some meaningful versions of the Thom morphism and of the integration map, in which the parallel-relative product is essential. These definitions constitute the main application of this product, and they are at the same time the fundamental motivation that led us to consider it.
Eticidade e Religião em Hegel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-06)
Macedo, Rodrygo Rocha
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Baioni, José Eduardo Marques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613180348313909
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7068081801417252
In this dissertation I aim to investigate how religion and the State are linked in Hegel’s philosophy in an organic way, assuming that such a relationship does not cause mischaracterizations or affect the functions and objectives of both spheres. One can be found in the Remark of § 270 of the Philosophy of Right (1821) the assumption that State and religion diverge (auseinandergehen) precisely where religion constitutes the foundation which includes the ethical realm in general, and the nature of the state as divine will (GPhR, p. 417). Nevertheless, in the Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion (1821-8131), there is a mention of the term “Community” (Gemeinde), in which individuals, through the spirit, know the Idea of God. In such a Community, according to the Lectures of 1827, there is a “reconciliation” (Versöhnung) between the Church and ethical life (VPhR-III, p. 266). Assuming that the aforementioned texts are not divergent from each other, but maintain a conceptual harmony, this dissertation traces the route in Hegel's work to understand how the philosopher elaborated and developed, in the course of his written production, the implications regarding the relationship between ethical life and religion. In the aftermath I analyze in Hegel's Early Writings (1795-1800) the way he considered the possibility of a “popular religion” (or public religion) based on the linkage between “objective religion” and “subjective religion”. I also explore the dimension that such debate was outlined in the philosopher’s later works, largely in the Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) and in the Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences (1817-1830). This dissertation admits that the philosophy of law and the philosophy of religion can be approached by logic. This statement is based on some specific passages of Hegel's written work. The first of them is in the Preface to the Philosophy of Right, in which Hegel assumes this work adds details about the method regarding speculative knowledge that had already been intensely treated in Science of Logic (1812-1816). Secondly, in the Introduction to the 1821 Manuscript of Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion Hegel asserts that philosophy of religion is based on the requirement of the concept and the reason (VPhR-I, p. 23). Finally, I demonstrante in this dissertation, from the perspective of Hegel’s written work, the unison of religion and ethical life since the concept of “Community”.
Quando a pauta é representação, vale mais identidades ou empreendedorismo de si? uma análise de youtubers negro(a/e)s brasileiro(a/e)s
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-07)
Anjos, Ana Carolina Costa dos
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Silvério, Valter Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6086286587052232
In the context of the Internet, after the 2010, subjects act as their own entrepreneurs on digital platforms. Terms such as representation and identity start to be appropriated and re-signified in the processes of consumption and production of digital content. Although in smaller numbers, people racialized as black consume and produce in this space of representation and do so, sometimes, undertaking their black identities. At the interface of Digital Sociology, Sociology of Racial and Ethnic Relations and Cultural Studies this research seeks to answer the following question: "What has guided the construction of the discourses of Black Brazilian youtubers?" And has as its general objective to understand the processes of discourse construction of black people who are Brazilian youtubers, between the years 2015-2020. The qualitative approach study adopted a set of methods and procedures and proposes the use of the culture circuit, along with digital ethnography, to make the assembly of the research object. As an analysis procedure to work the discourses employs some of the theoretical methodological assumptions of Michel Foucault already incorporating the criticisms made by Stuart Hall. Seven channels of black youtubers were selected: “Nátaly Neri - Afros e Afins”; “Gabi Oliveira-DePretas”; “Muro Pequeno”; “10Ocupados”; “Canal do Pericão”; “Etnia Brasileira” and “Fernando Holiday”, that altogether they produced 1.697 videos and posted them on the YouTube platform, during the period of analysis. All of them declare themselves black (black and brown); they are participants of the YouTube Partnership Program (they monetize with the production of content); most of them have already been invited or selected for some project on the platform; they have more than 100 thousand subscribers on the channel (two of them have more than a million) and somehow talk about racial issues in their videos. The data are analyzed by socio-historical context and themes that emerged in the field, among which I highlight: the processes of digital education and media literacy; critical racial literacy; the dispute of the category 'brown' and 'black'; lexicons with 'place of speech' and 'experience' in a logic of surveillance and punitivism; representation and tokenism; agency of anger; right to opacity; the house of men and the house of difference. Thus, by undertaking themselves and their black identities they end up generating representations about what it is to be a black person who is also a university student, artist, homosexual, digital influencer or politician, making them with lexicons and aesthetics proper to the techno-mediated public sphere. These are digital strategies for the construction of new regimes of representation that value what has been denied, but since it is about representation there are no guarantees.
Dinâmicas territoriais e métricas espaciais: avaliação de expansão urbana em cidade de porte médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-07)
Menzori, Ivan Damasco
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Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370542802488644
The rapid urban population growth was accompanied by intense expansion processes in urban areas, especially in cities developing countries. The confrontation of the challenges emerging from these processes motivated several processes and regulatory acts concerning a more sustainable urban development in which, specifically in Brazil, the legal and philosophical basis of spatial planning is largely related to the social function of property at the local level of cities, through master plans. As an instrument of urban environmental management, usually present in the master plans, zoning plans allow the definition of a city's functions through special zones (or areas) of environmental protection (with restricted or conditioned land use/cover), of residential, mixed, commercial and industrial uses, as well as their degrees of land parcel and density. However, even when environmental preservation and recovery zones are foreseen, as well as other aspects related to the physical environment that may be impacted by extensive urbanization, master plans seem ineffective in these aspects when addressed by the local authorities. As a rule, peripheral and extensive urbanization is related, among other factors, to public policies that favour economic growth at the local level, to the detriment of regulating urban expansion. In this context, analyses of the implementation of master plans, their physical-territorial results, and their relationship with territorial governance are still scarce. In this study, the role of territorial governance in master plans implementation practices is evaluated, as well as the geospatial results of urban growth in a medium-sized Brazilian city (Araraquara-SP) are explored, in an analytical way with quantitative empirical approaches. The objective is to identify possible discrepancies and patterns (different from randomness) in the geospatial results of urban growth, according to different periods of territorial governance, assuming that governance capacity affects the spatial distribution of urban growth and the regulation of urban expansion. The results show different patterns of urban growth associated with different political-administrative terms in office, even when implementing the same master plan, suggesting that these results may have been shaped by either the application or the abstention of the regulatory planning framework, with different degrees of permissiveness towards peripheral and extensive urbanization processes, to the detriment of extreme environmental criticality areas and the precepts of a more sustainable urban development.
Estudo fitoquímico e alelopático de extratos de Diaporthe phaseolorum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-07)
Accarini, Raissa Barcha
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Gualtieri, Sonia Cristina Juliano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3903098927490904
Endophytic fungi have the ability to live inside or outside a plant tissue, without harming it. Studies have shown that these groups of fungi are promising sources in the search for new natural compounds, since in many of them, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant and phytotoxic activities were found, being of great interest for applications in medicine, agriculture and chemical biology. In this work, the fungus Diaporthe phaseolorum, extracted from healthy leaves of Serjania lethalis A.St-Hils, a liana belonging to the Sapindaceae family commonly found in the Brazilian cerrado, was used. already published. Fungi of the genus Diaporthe, whose asexual state is known as Phomopsis, are found as endophytic and saprophytic in a variety of plant species, and produce compounds with known phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities, such as gulypyrones and phomoxanthones, but there are still few studies with the species Diaporthe phaseolorum. Therefore, the main objectives of this work were to evaluate the phytotoxic potential of extracts and fractions of D. phaseolorum on indicator and invasive target species, analyzing their mode of action, as well as identifying secondary metabolism compounds. First, two extracts were prepared, one mycelial (EME) and the other from the culture medium (EMC), extracted with ethanol and ethyl acetate by liquid-liquid partition, respectively. Both extracts were tested in bioassays that evaluated the growth of wheat coleoptile (Triticum aestivum L.), germination and seedling growth of mono and eudicotyledonous invasive and indicator species: wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.), colony grass (Megathyrsus maximus J.), onion (Allium cepa L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), respectively, and were also tested in a bioassay that evaluates the growth of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) root metaxylem cells. The extracts were fractionated on a silica column in normal phase and their respective fractions were again tested on the growth of wheat coleoptiles in order to select those with greater phytotoxicity. Taking into account the results and yields, fraction 9 (EME9) from the mycelial extract (EME) was selected for the seedling growth and germination bioassays and for the sesame root metaxylem cell growth bioassay. Both crude extracts (EME and EMC) used in the wheat coleoptile growth bioassay were able to inhibit their growth, showing their highest percentages of inhibition when used at their highest concentrations (0.8mg/mL-1 ), as the fractions EME9 and EME3 from the crude mycelial extract were those with the highest inhibitory percentages for the same bioassay. In the seedling growth bioassay, the crude extract (EME) and its fraction (EME9) were able to inhibit the growth of both aerial parts and roots of wild poinsettia seedlings. Wild poinsettia was also more sensitive to mycelial extract and its fraction in relation to germination percentage, showing the lowest percentage values. The growth of sesame seedling root metaxylem cells was also inhibited, proving the phytotoxic effect of the mycelial extract and its respective fraction to them. Through a chemical analysis by CLUE (ultra-efficiency liquid chromatography) performed on samples EMC, EME and EME9, 7 major compounds were identified, all already described in the literature for the genus Diaporthe, where the compound fomoxantone A is the one to be present in larger quantity and in all analyzed samples. The crude extracts EMC and EME and the EME9 fraction showed phytotoxic activity in the bioassays performed in this study, inhibiting the growth of wheat coleoptiles, roots and aerial parts of the target species and sesame root metaxylem cells. Thus, compounds identified in the extracts of Diaporthe phaseolorum show promise in the study of their bioactivities, since studies with the species related to this bioactivities are scarce in the literature.
A saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores sob o viés da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-07)
Tavares, Thiago Daniel Ribeiro
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Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5722569096598322
From an STS perspective, and underpinned by Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens´ theory of the Risk Society, this study aims to reflect on their potential to support the implementation of national and international public policies and the creation of norms that seek the health and safety of workers . For this purpose, we bring Brazilian and Portuguese legislation, directives from the European Union (EU) and Conventions of the International Labor Organization (ILO) as evidence of the implementation of this protection. The starting point is that in the corporate environment, managers are increasingly aware of the relevance of quality of life and the need to develop and apply better conditions for the well-being of workers. The issue of safety in the work environment is an important factor, highlighting that by being in a safe and well-kept environment, the risks of accidents and occupational diseases are minimized. The duty of care regarding the physical and mental integrity of employees is the company's obligation, through its managers. It is important to remember that investments in the area of work safety are compensated according to the productivity gains of employees, improving working conditions and realizing the important role of Science and Technology for the implementation and organization of a balanced work environment, development, manufacture and certification of EPI and EPC. Thus, due to the great advances in technology associated with the improvement of education, the requirements regarding working conditions have changed, that is, what was previously tolerated has now become unacceptable, forcing the State to constantly create and update its laws. Proof of this is that with the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a need for reinvention, implementing the need for social and physical distancing and consequent adaptation of the working environment. For that, the Ministerial for Labor, International Labor Organization and Organization Health World Cup had an extremely important role in the risk assessment, creating urgent solutions and guidelines to prevent the spread of the disease and ensuring the safety of workers adopted not only in Brazil but throughout the world.
Hipoclorito e clorito de sódio: comparação de estabilidade de cloro livre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-08)
Costa, Cléber Duarte da
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Oliveira, Luciana Camargo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238603150964753
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5212125315225622
The use of products based on available chlorine is common in industrial and household activities, which are generally strong related to purposes of fiber bleaching and disinfection. It is common to find the term active chlorine (available chlorine) written on these brazilian product labels referring to the active concentration and to inform about the product oxidizing feature. Available chlorine is the term used to refer to a unit of oxidizing capacity of chlorinated products which is used to estimate the concentration of chlorine-releasing compounds through its equivalent available chlorine. Sodium hypochlorite is a chlorine-releasing compound widely applied, also recognized by Brazilian Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and is present in several product compositions as chlorinated bleach and disinfectants. However, chlorine-releasing compounds in aqueous solution may have natural instability in terms of oxidizing capacity, which is related to degradability. The degradability of aqueous chlorine-releasing compounds is influenced by some factors and therefore it may reflect the available chlorine instability and in consequence chlorine-releasing compound based solutions may have decreasing disinfection and bleaching power over time. In context, this study sought to compare some ordinary formulation variations of bleach based on sodium hypochlorite and sodium chlorite as an available chlorine-releasing compound; in terms of available chlorine stability through weekly iodometric determination along the test period. According to the test results, conditioning the samples in 30ºC for 84 days, formulations with sodium chlorite were more stable when compared to those with hypochlorite showing no degradability in certain formulation compositions. Therefore, it is concluded that formulations with sodium chlorite may have greater available chlorine stability than those with sodium hypochlorite depending on the other components used in the formulation.
Avaliação da bioatividade de endófitos de Polygala paniculata por abordagem OSMAC e perfil enzimático no controle de patógenos de interesse clínico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-08)
Ventura Mejia, Hector Ariel
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Bogas, Andrea Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3582824595829729
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Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
The genus Polygala spp. occurs naturally in Brazil. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, among others were reported in species of this genus. The anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, trypanocidal and antimicrobial activities stand out. Endophytic microorganisms do not cause apparent damage to their hosts and can be isolated from healthy plant tissues and superficially disinfected. Endophytes have been considered a source of natural products, including those with antimicrobial activity for the control of pathogens. Considering the growing microbial resistance, bioprospection of new antimicrobials are necessary. This study aimed to characterize phenotypically, through micro and macroscopic analyzes, two endophytic bacterial isolates (UNK3 and ROXO16) of Polygala paniculata, and to evaluate them for the production of antimicrobials and enzymes for the control of clinical pathogens. Phenotypic analyzes showed typical colonies of actinomycetes with slow growth, irregular borders with smooth or rough surface and Gram positive bacilli of different shapes, being short or long. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity revealed that the UNK3 isolate has relative activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 11775. Staphyloccocus aureus ATCC 29213, Salmonella (clinically) and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. It was observed activity for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans and negative for E coli and Salmonella. An analysis of the bipartition of the extract with ethyl acetate, followed by the antimicrobial evaluation by the disk diffusion method, revealed that the UNK3 set started the production of bioactive substances on the third day; E. coli, Salmonella, on the sixth day for P. aeruginosa, and for S. aureus on the ninth day. ROXO16 isolate, the onset of activity was on the third day against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella and negative for S. aureus and C. albicans. Qualitative enzymatic analysis consolidated that the UNK3 isolate had cellulolytic, amylolytic, pectinolytic and proteolytic activity, while the ROXO16 isolate produced cellulase and protease. Using the OSMAC methodology, it was determined that endophytic microorganisms present an increase in the production of metabolites, the modification of the carbon source and the nitrogen source resulted in greater bioactivity and even against new microorganisms, than those incubated under normal conditions. introduce you. The results obtained so far demonstrate the promising potential of the endophytic bacteria UNK3 and ROXO16 from P.6 paniculata for the production of antimicrobials and also for future industrial applications. Keywords: Antimicrobials, Endophytes, Metabolites, Polygalaceae, Enzymatic potential, microbial resistance
Uma voz para a América Latina? A elaboração discursiva da vida de Mercedes Sosa em documentários biográficos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-11)
Souza, Nathan Bastos de
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4592348231762682
Mercedes Sosa (1935-2009) was an Argentine singer who was fundamental in the development of Latin American music with a social perspective and her political activity raised the militant content of the songs. In this thesis we study the biographical discourse about her in three documentaries "Mercedes Sosa - Como un pájaro libre", directed by Ricardo Wüllicher, 1983, "Mercedes Sosa - ¿Será posible el sur?" directed by Stefan Paul, 1985, and “Mercedes Sosa, la voz de Latinoamérica”, by Rodrigo Vila, 2013. In this sense, the research is guided by a question: how is Mercedes Sosa's life elaborated discursively in the biographical documentaries and what are the elements considered valid in her profile to elevate her to the condition of “voz da América Latina”? The main aim of the thesis is to study the discursive elaboration of Mercedes Sosa's life in biographical documentaries in order to understand how this idea of the “voz da América Latina”, with the goal to contribute theoretically to a recent reflection about discourse in Bakhtinian studies. We unfold this main aim into three others specifics, what are, to characterize the biographical discourse, from a historical, epistemological and discursive point of view, producing an examination of its discursive functioning; to study the discursive elaboration of Mercedes Sosa's life as it is presented in the documentaries in analysis; discuss the meanings of the epithet “voz da América Latina” in the comparison between moments of emergence and permanence after the singer's death. The theoretical-methodological approach will be based mainly on the discussion of the authors of the Bakhtin Circle (BAKHTIN, 2011, 2015, MEDVIÉDEV, 2012, VOLÓCHINOV, 2017) on the meeting of discourses, through comparison, based on the notions of transmission, understanding and evaluation of the speech of the other. We organized the thesis in three parts. In part I, we characterize the biographical discourse and delimit the ways to understand it; in part II, we analyze fragments of chronologically organized documentaries and perceive the affirmation of conditioning elements for the epithet “a voz da América Latina”; in part III, we present the emergence and permanence of the epithet from an analysis of its meanings, we consider that this part contains the validating elements for Mercedes Sosa to be considered “a voz da América Latina”. Finally, we enunciate the thesis defended in this work: her voice, the militant content of the songs, the historical-political period, the previous life, the political struggle, the Latin American connection are ingredients in the discursive elaboration of Mercedes Sosa's life in the biographical documentaries and help to consolidate the edifying values related to the epithet “voz da América Latina”. The combination of these factors legitimizes that the name Mercedes Sosa is raised to the status of voice of the continent, once one considers the adherence of her singing profession – despite the other intellectuals and artists active at the same time – her vocal power, the questions that the repertoire presented and, above all, her political action.
Exercise-based rehabilitation delivery models in comorbid chronic pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-13)
Silva, Audrey Borghi
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Garcia-Araújo, Adriana Sanches
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Winkermann, Eliane
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Caruso, Flávia Rossi
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Bassi-Dibai, Daniela
Financiamento eleitoral: disputas e estratégias em torno da votação e aplicação do Fundo Especial de Financiamento de Campanhas (FEFC)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-13)
Silva, Nathália Letícia de Pina
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Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8961206170263445
The present research aims to understand the incentives that defined the voting and distribution strategies of the Special Fund for Campaign Financing. The general objective of the research was to analyze the voting process for implementing the Electoral Fund and the party strategies for its distribution in the 2018 general elections. electoral campaigns that were approaching, we tried to understand if 1) the volume of resources for each political party determined the vote of parliamentarians; and whether 2) the dispute for majority positions was concentrated in parties with the greatest funding from the FEFC. In this way, we seek to answer the following question: What incentives defined the FEFC voting and distribution strategies? The specific objectives that guide this research consist of: 1) Identifying the changes in Law No. 9,504/97 that affected the 2018 electoral process, especially with regard to articles dealing with campaign financing; 2) analyze the political disputes in both National Chambers around the vote for the creation of the FEFC; 3) understand to what extent the changes impacted party resource distribution strategies; 4) analyze the accountability of parties that had candidates for the 2018 election. For this, we propose a comparative analysis, combined with the rational choice neo-institutionalism approach to investigate the motivations and reorganization of political parties in this electoral process. In addition, we will carry out a qualitative analysis of the voting speeches of the project that culminated in Law No. 13.487/2017 and a quantitative analysis of the party's accountability (expenses) in the 2018 election.
Síntese da SBA-15 funcionalizada com aminossilanos e sua aplicação na condensação aldólica entre o furfural e a acetona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-14)
Lima, Marcelo Souza
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Marques, Clelia Mara de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660
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Gallo, Jean Marcel Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3485408327490746
The petroleum is used to manufacture plastics, solvents and, mainly, to produce fuels. However, some factors such as fluctuation in the price of the barrel, its non-renewable origin and the release of greenhouse gases make it necessary to diversify this energy matrix. In this way, furfural, derived from a renewable source, can undergo aldol condensation with ketone and form aviation kerosene precursors. This reaction is catalyzed by acid or base, however, studies in the literature show that heterogeneous catalysts do not have stability, with loss of the material's active phase, suffer from deactivation and, mainly, have low product selectivity (1E,4E)-1,5-di (furan-2-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (F₂Ac). Therefore, in this work, catalysts are proposed in order to increase the efficiency of materials in this reaction. Therefore, in Chapter 1, mesoporous materials of the SBA-15 family were synthesized functionalized with: (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), 3-(2-Imidazolin-1-yl)propyltriethoxysilane (IMPTES), (3-anilinopropyl)trimethoxysilane (PAPTMS) that would give basic properties to materials. Thus, they were characterized by X-Ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, thermal (TGA) and CHN elemental analysis. In addition, catalytic tests were carried out that investigated the best experimental conditions and revealed that the SBA-15-APTES material has the best activity, fully converting furfural and being 47% selective to the product (1E,4E)-1,5-di (furan-2-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (F₂Ac) of greatest interest and 7% to (E)-4-(furan-2-yl)but-3-en-2-one (FAc). In chapter 2, the synthesis of materials with Sn (IV) is proposed, which would give acidic Lewis properties, aiming to stabilize the enolate anion formed from F₂Ac and functionalized with the aforementioned silanizing agents that confer basicity. Then, the catalysts were synthesized by post-functionalization of Sn-SBA-15 precursor materials and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, ICP-OES and by the analyzes already mentioned in the previous chapter. In the catalytic tests all materials were active, however, the results revealed that the acidity did not contribute to the desired action.
Análise de polaridade e de tópicos em tweets no domínio da política no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-14)
Capellaro, Leonardo
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1323489363246457
The political scenario in Brazil is one of the busiest and most controversial in the last decade. With the advent of social networks, a new communication channel between voters and politicians was created, with users having a space to publish their opinions, beliefs and also follow the posts of other people. In this context, this work shows the performance of BERT models in the polarity (positive, negative or neutral) and topic analysis of tweets related to Brazilian politics. Experiments were carried out with tweets related to the 2018 elections achieving results (F1 = 96%) better than the ones obtained by previous works for the polarity classification. The qualitative analysis of the topics (the first one using BERTopic in this corpus) also resulted in promising insights.