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Estratégias de operações e práticas lean-green: um estudo de casos múltiplos em empresas do setor automotivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-21)
Queiroz, Geandra Alves
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Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
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Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2321084184622795
The reduction of environmental impacts has increasingly been treated as a factor of competitive advantage by organizations. This reflects directly on the operational strategies of companies, making it necessary to include environmental performance as one of their competitive priorities. The integration of Lean Manufacturing and Green Manufacturing approaches has been pointed out as a key to improving the competitiveness of organizations because it is a way to equate the environmental priority with other competitive priorities. However, there are still no scientific articles that address all the content of operations strategy (competitive priorities and decision areas) when Lean and Green practices are implemented. In this context, the first step of this study consisted in conducting a systematic literature review presenting some of the main relationships between Lean and Green and the content of operations strategy and highlighting the occurrence of synergies or trade-offs between competitive priorities as well as changes in decision areas when Lean and Green practices are implemented. The results of this study pointed out that Lean and Green integration can promote synergies between competitive priorities, but it can also promote trade-offs between some competitive priorities, with the trade-off between cost and environment priorities being the most frequently mentioned. Furthermore, Lean is pointed out as a basis for the management of production systems, and green practices are generally used as a complement and to support the inclusion of the environment as a competitive priority. The second stage of this research was to conduct case studies in six companies in the automotive sector that implement Lean and Green practices, with the purpose of identifying the contents of their operations strategies. The results indicated that the companies attribute different levels of importance to the priority environment and have different levels of Lean and Green. In general, the companies consider that the Lean-Green approach generates synergies between priorities, with the trade-off between cost and environment being the only one addressed in the cases. It was confirmed that Lean can contribute to the reduction of environmental impacts reduction, especially regarding to resource consumption. Moreover, it was found that the companies that prioritize the environment more in their actions presented more changes in the decision areas. The crossing of the theoretical results with the empirical results allowed us to reinforce the theoretical propositions stated in this thesis. All the propositions formulated from the systematic literature review were illustrated in the cases studied and complemented with some questions.
Produção de coquetel enzimático rico em endoglucanase termoestável em biorreator de leito empacotado e sua aplicação na obtenção de nanocelulose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-21)
Katayama, Eric Takashi
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Casciatori, Fernanda Perpétua
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1269950652196294
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
Nanocellulose is a bioproduct with high added value obtained through the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Due to characteristics such as high aspect ratio, low toxicity, thermal stability and high crystallinity, nanocellulose has several applications. Obtaining nanocellulose through the enzymatic route stands out for being an environmentally friendly method, however studies are necessary to improve the efficiency of this process. In this sense, the use of an enzymatic cocktail with thermostable properties can be an interesting strategy for obtaining nanocellulose. In this work, the objective was to use the packaged bed bioreactor for the production of thermostable enzymatic cocktail and apply the enzymes to obtain nanocellulose. To obtain this cocktail, the thermophilic fungus M. thermophila was cultivated by fermentation in solid state on a small scale using full factorial design varying the bagasse mass, soybean meal fraction and moisture. The selected cultivation conditions were replicated in a multilayer-packaged bed bioreactor. The enzymes were then used to hydrolyze cellulose pulp at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 °C and convert the substrate into nanocellulose. The enzymatic extracts of the fungus M. thermophila obtained both on a small scale and in bioreactor showed the activities of endoglucanase around 200 U/g-substrate. The hydrolysis of the pulp performed at 60 °C showed better results, converting 60% of the cellulose, with yield of 16.2% of nanocellulose with 96 hours of hydrolysis. The nanomaterials obtained presented crystalline index of 77.4%. By FTIR it was possible to verify that the chemical compositions of the nanomaterials obtained were nanocellulose. On set temperatures were 152 to 194 °C. Atomic force microscopy showed that the obtained nanocrystals had an average length of 157 nm and an aspect ratio ranging from 1.1 to 10.0. Although the yield of nanocellulose is still lower when compared to that of acid hydrolysis, advances in enzymatic hydrolysis can still be obtained, investigating other possible enzymes that degrade lignocellulosic biomass, such as oxidative enzymes.
Idosos que cuidam de outros idosos: um estudo sobre sobrecarga e fragilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-21)
Macedo, Marcela Naiara Graciani Fumagale
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Santos-Orlandi, Ariene Angelini dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1334146454214813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4508304026036940
In the national context, the family is the primary source of support for the older adult. As a result of population aging and the diversity of family arrangements, the number of older people caregivers of other dependent older adults increases. The task of caring may arise suddenly, without prior instruction or support from third parties, resulting in intense burden, especially for older adult caregivers. Scholars claim that this psychological tension can culminate in the development of frailty. Both burden and frailty can impact the quality of life of those involved and interfere in the quality of care offered, especially in contexts of high social vulnerability. With the early identification of both conditions, interventions can be thought out in order to reduce spending on health services and improve the quality of life of these individuals. Objective: analyze the relationship between burden and frailty of older adults who take care of others older adults registered in Family Health Units (FHU) with a high social vulnerability context. Method: a cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo. This is a larger study, in which 65 older adults aged 60 years or older, registered in FHUs and caring for the older adults participated. Data were collected at the household of the older adult caregiver, from July 2019 to March 2020, by previously trained researchers. The following instruments were used for data collection: questionnaire to characterize the older adult caregiver and the context of care, the Zarit Burden Scale, and the frailty phenotype proposed by Fried. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed. The differences between the groups were estimated using Pearson’s Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact and Mann-Whitney tests. The significance level adopted was 5% (p<0,05). Results: there was a predominance of older adults female caregivers (56.9%), aged 60 to 74 years (78.5%) and with a partner (93.9%). The majority of interviews were spouse caregivers (89.2%), had no prior training (96.9%) and no support to perform the task of caring (58.5%). There was statistical significance between high levels of burden and frailty (p=0.004). Frailty presented a statistical relationship with marital status (p=0.016), depressive symptoms (p=0.029), cognitive decline (p=0.029), and degree of kinship with the older adult care (p=0.015). Conclusion: there was a relationship between high burden and frailty in the older adults who care for other older adults seen in Family Health Units in a context of high social vulnerability. Most of the older adults who scored for absent or moderate burden were not frail, while older people caregivers who scored for moderate to severe or severe burden were frail.
Análise numérica de barras compostas em perfis de aço formados a frio submetidas à compressão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-21)
Nunes, Riterson Jacques
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Maia, Wanderson Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5473998179826262
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Nardin, Silvana de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5587716781980132
Built-up columns are an interesting alternative when isolated channels do not comply with structural performance requirements. During their lifespan, one of the most common stresses in built-up columns is the compression. Usually, built-up columns are formed by two channels spaced apart, examples being doubled U “back-to-back” or “front to front”. The various possibilities of bracing change the structural behavior to the shear, thus make it difficult to predict the normal resistance force of compression. The American Standard ANSI/AISI S100 (2020) presents an adaptation of the global slenderness for built-up columns, but only considers profiles in contact. Eurocode 3 (2006) distinguishes in elastic analysis, battened and laced built-up columns, but without a specific calculation method for cold-formed profiles. In this context, this work has as main objective to analyze the axial compression resistant capacity of built-up columns in double U section “back-to-back”. Numerical analyzes were carried out in the Ansys software to evaluate the influence of the following geometric parameters on structural behavior: types of bracing, number of battened plates, length of the built-up columns, spacing between channels and thickness of the channels. For each of the models, the normal compressive strength and instability modes were evaluated. In addition, the applicability of normative procedures to predict the resistive force was also evaluated. The results showed that longer built-up columns presented greater increase in the normal resistance force when compared to insulated channels. The increase in the number of battened plates did not show linear variation of the normal resistant force. For battened built-up columns, in most cases analyzed, Eurocode 3 (2006) presented lower resistance values than ANSI/AISI S100 (2020). Lot laced built-up columns Eurocode 3 (2006) underestimated the numerical results for greater thickness. The type of bracing had a greater influence on the models with higher overall slenderness, that is, for greater lengths and closer channels.
Optimization models and solution methods for the vehicle allocation problem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-21)
Cruz, Cesar Dario Alvarez
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Munari Junior, Pedro Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328868140869976
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
The Vehicle Allocation Problem (VAP) consists in allocating a fleet of vehicles to attend the expected demand for road freight transportation between terminals along a finite multiperiod planning horizon. The objective is to maximize the profits generated for the completed services. Previous deterministic and stochastic approaches used heuristic procedures and approximation methods for solving large scale instances of this problem. This thesis contributes with models and solution methods for solving effectively large-scale instances of the VAP. The first method is Branch-and-Benders-Cut (BBC) for solving the space-time network formulation of the VAP. The Benders reformulation results in each subproblem being a multiple origin-destination minimum cost flow problem among empty vehicles exclusively. We propose two valid inequalities in order to reduce the number of infeasible cuts needed to reach a feasible and optimal solution. In addition, we use network flow algorithms in trying to accelerate the process of cut generation. Computational results are shown for randomly generated instances. The second method is a tailored exact Branch-and-Price (BP) procedure, that provides optimal solutions or certificates of quality, for solving large-scale problems within reasonable computational times. This method is the result of reformulating a compact Integer Linear Programming model of the VAP through the Dantzig-Wolfe (DW) decomposition and using efficient procedures for solving each component of the reformulation. The Primal Dual Column Generation Method (PDCGM) is used to solve the master problem, while the subproblem is modeled as a Maximum Cost Flow Problem and solved using the aggregation of optimal longest paths problems on Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG). Finally, we resort to three branching procedures to obtain the optimal integer solution of the VAP. Computational experiments with instances from a case study and random realistic-sized instances are presented and analyzed, showing that the method has a superior performance with respect to other exact approaches in solving large-scale VAP instances. The third method is based on preprocessing the time-space extended graph and reformulating the problem in terms of routing empty vehicles along demand nodes. The resulting model's size depends on the number of demand nodes (arcs in the previous model) and fleet size, which can be advantageous when the number of terminal-period pairs in the time-space extended network is large compared to the actual number of loads requested. We propose a BP method based on the DW reformulation of this new modelling approach. The results of both, the reformulation solved by CPLEX and the BP, shows the superior performance of this new approach in solving realistic-sized instances of the VAP.
Desenvolvimento e aplicação de módulo de sensoriamento de baixo custo para o monitoramento de saúde estrutural de máquina rotativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-22)
Mascoloti, Gabriela Tavares
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Shiki, Sidney Bruce
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8487846064391835
Predictive maintenance is a recent maintenance model on the market, although it is already well known in the aeronautical industry, and it is increasingly necessary in any manufacturing environment. The research project aims to develop low-cost reduction nodes for predictive monitoring of machine health, increasing production performance and reducing long-term maintenance costs. Integrated with the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) and data processing, it will result in a tool to increase machine reliability. Precisely because it is a low-cost development, which will be developed in a laboratory with hardware and commercial sensor, the main challenges of the project is the dimensioning in such a way that it meets the requirements of an industrial environment and is economically advantageous. In addition, once developed, the technical staff responsible for monitoring must be trained to correctly read the information that will be treated and provided from a communication platform with the cloud. Another challenge of the research is to be able to install the prototype developed in a factory and prove the efficiency of the method. The focus of the main research is to develop a predictive monitoring device that is easy to install and operate with low cost, integrated with data treatment via the cloud and possible Application for industry. Once this goal is achieved, the device will be tested in a laboratory and industrial environment for study validation and data comparison. The study will focus on comparing the performance of machines with and without monitoring via a device developed in the research, in order to prove the importance and necessity of predictive maintenance aligned with data processing in the industry.
A robust lasso regression for linear mixed-effects models with diagnostic analysis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-22)
Garcia, Rafael Rocha de Oliveira
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Novelli, Cibele Maria Russo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1011098065426388
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0412360055686637
Variable selection has been a topic of great interest for statisticians and researchers alike. The choice of the best subset of predictors may be carried out with the objective of improving prediction or for easier interpretation of results. However, such methods are not always straightforward, mainly in the context of linear mixed-effects models. Variable selection for such models must be carried out for both fixed and random effects, the first being related to the global mean of data and the second to subject-level variance. There are two possible approaches when selecting variables for mixed-effects models: joint or two-stage procedures. In existing literature on the topic of variable selection for linear mixed-effects model, there is a method of joint selection via lasso for linear mixed-effects models under a normal distribution. Another topic of remarkable importance, is diagnostics and residual analysis. While residual analyses are carried out to assess issues with the fitted model and identification of atypical observations, diagnostic analyses are carried out assuming the model as correct and, assessing its conclusions robustness to small disturbances in the data and/or the model. There are many possible ways to deal with such observations. One is using robust models, which are said to be robust to disturbances in the data. That is, models that are better fit to data sets that possess observations considered to be as outliers and/or leverage. This work aims to use the robust method for variable selection in linear mixed-effects model and compare it with the normal method using diagnostic analysis.
Produção biotecnológica de galacto-oligossacarídeos (GOS) a partir do soro do queijo porungo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-22)
Bolognesi, Lais Saldanha
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Gabardo, Sabrina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9732593816895465
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5678265156332430
The use of agro-industrial residues associated with enzymatic process technology has encouraged the development of new strategies for obtaining bioproducts, such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS). The β-galactosidase enzyme is widely used on production of lactose-free products and, recently, studies on the production of GOS have emerged to take advantage of the main residue of dairy industries – cheese whey. This is a substrate rich in lactose, contributing as an alternative and low-cost source for obtaining GOS, oligosaccharides that act as prebiotics. One way to obtain GOS is using the enzymatic immobilization technique, which allows for several advantages, including the reuse of the biocatalyst, the reduction of maintenance costs and the improvement of thermal stability. In this context, this project aimed to study the use of porungo cheese whey, a dairy product characteristic of the southwest of São Paulo, to produce GOS through the immobilized β-galactosidase enzyme. The work was divided into two moments, in which, in the first, two enzymatic immobilization strategies were evaluated (calcium alginate and calcium alginate-Concanavalin A) in relation to the optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme. In the second moment, obtaining GOS was tested using the most promising immobilization support on different substrates (lactose solution and cheese whey) and then from different concentrations of lactose added to porungo cheese whey (200 g L-1 to 400 g L-1) and temperatures (37 °C to 55 °C). Enzyme immobilization allowed us to verify an increase in the optimal pH range (7.0 to 7.5) for the calcium alginate support when compared to the free enzyme pH range (6.5), while for the calcium alginate support Calcium-Concanavalin A, a greater enzymatic activity was observed at lower pHs (6.0). With respect to temperature, a greater enzymatic activity was observed for the free enzyme in relation to the two immobilization supports tested. Higher GOS yields were observed in porungo cheese whey (63.2%) compared to the lactose solution (41.1%), which was used in the next step to evaluate the process conditions. The maximum GOS yield was 17.73%, with 61.4% lactose conversion, at 46 °C and 400 g L-1. These results suggest the possible use of porungo cheese whey as a substrate in the biotechnological production of GOS.
Método bagging para aprimoramento de previsões de séries temporais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-22)
Camargo, Juliana Shibaki
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Andrade Filho, Marinho Gomes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126245980112687
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
Different methodologies are proposed and explored aiming to reduce time series forecasting error. A promising approach consists in combining different forecasts from different models in order to get a better accuracy, i.e., a smaller forecast error. This work aims to review and apply the bootstrap aggregating method, also known as bagging, in order to improve time series forecasting. First, each time series is divided into training and testing time series, and then the moving block bootstrap methodology is applied to the training series to generate different resampled time series, and then forecasting for each one of the series is performed and combined, thus obtaining the final combined forecast. The test data set is used to calculate the accuracy of the models, individual and combined. A simulation study of time series and application to a real time series data sets are presented. The chosen and fitted model for each of the time series was an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). The accuracy measurements used were the mean square error and its root, mean arctangent absolute percentage error and the symmetric mean absolute percentage error. Finally, the impact on the forecasts of the combined model by varying the resampling method parameters was explored and comparisons between the combined and individual forecasting methods were also carried out.
Formação e manutenção de classes de equivalência: efeitos da magnitude das consequências e do uso de um procedimento gamificado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-22)
Santos, Alceu Regaço dos
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9728855417947699
Studies have showed that the relations between equivalence class stimuli can vary in function of numerous experimental parameters. However, few studies investigated the effect of consequences as an independent variable. This study is divided in three experiments, which have as general purpose to evaluate the effect of using reinforcing and punishing consequences in the formation and maintenance of equivalence relations. The Experiment 1 and 2 compared the use of contingencies of reinforcement and punishment exclusively or together, for training two potential classes of stimuli with four member each. It was used a traditional Matching-to-Sample procedure and the participants were distributed in three groups related with the consequences used: Reinforcement Group (R), Reinforcement-Punishment Group (R-P) and Punishment Group (G). A bigger number of participants in Group R reached the criteria for the formation of the equivalence classes when compared with the other groups. Experiment 3 had as specific objective an evaluation of the effect of the magnitude of the reinforcement and punishment consequences in the formation and maintenance of equivalence classes. For data collection, a gamified version of the MTS (the game Miner Troubles, developed for the study) was used, adapted for online data collection, due to limitations resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic. 56 people (between 18 and 57 years old) participated in the research, randomly distributed among three groups: the More-Earning Group (M-E), the Balanced Group (B) and the More-Loss Group (M-L). In the first group, the participants gained 4 points when they choose correctly and lost 1 point when making a mistake; in the second group, the participants gained 1 point when they choose correctly and lost 1 point when making a mistake; and in the third group, the participants gained 1 point when they choose correctly and lost 4 points when they choose incorrectly. As the results, the use of a greater magnitude of punishment interfered in the learning of conditional relationships and in the emergence of untrained relationships: the performance of M-L participants was less accurate in the Symmetry and Relationship Maintenance Tests compared to other groups. This experiment extends the findings of other studies on the effect of punishment on discriminative learning and gives rise to a discussion about the use of punishment more intensely in learning.
Six Sigma and Big Data in the industry 4.0 context: systematic literature review and survey on brazilian manufacturing companies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-25)
Maia, Daniele dos Reis Pereira
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Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6938205741811373
The development of interconnected, digitized, autonomous and integrated processes in different parts of production systems has been supported by technological advances in Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 encompasses a wide range of technologies, among which are technologies that support the generation and analysis of large volumes of data in real time, supported by technologies such as Big Data, Big Data Analytics (BDA) and Internet of Things (IoT), which support the search for operational improvements such as optimized flows and real-time anomaly identification. Similar goals are shared by operational improvement methodologies such as Six Sigma (SS) and Lean Six Sigma (LSS), which over the past 3 decades play an important role in process control and improvement following the DMAIC structured method and tools and techniques for data analysis. Technological advances from Industry 4.0 technologies can support and expand the resources of the SS methodology, making it possible to reach other levels of operational performance. To identify the main technologies of Industry 4.0 that can be integrated with the SS methodology, the main relationships and benefits and the future in this field of study, a Systematic Literature Review was carried out considering the Web of Science and Scopus databases. As a result, it was identified that the technologies that most support SS are Big Data, BDA and IoT and that the relationships presented that these technologies positively support data analysis and better decision-making in improvement projects. Considering the evidence of the relationship between the Six Sigma methodology and the BDA, the proposition of hypotheses and a theoretical model were developed with the aim of investigating through a survey of relationships between the practices of BDA, SS and quality and business performance. A survey was carried out with SS specialists from several Brazilian manufacturing companies, in a total of 171 founders. The proposed model and hypotheses were confirmed using the PLS SEM technique, showing that the BDA positively impacts SS practices and when integrated, it has a greater impact on improving quality and business performance.
Perspectiva de alunos e educadores sobre animais de interesse médico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-25)
Fazenaro, Bruna Basso
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Carnio, Michel Pisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0198207700485715
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4502833598872794
Animals of medical interest are a public health problem that exist for a long period. The scholarship environment becomes an important factor for the ethical construction of the individual, through awareness of the information, and prevention of how to act in the face of an accident with those animals. The lack of knowledge or misinterpretation about these animals and the presence of myths and legends reveal that this theme deserves greater attention within schools. The main objective of this study is to carry out a critical analysis of the perspective, care, and understanding of science/biology teachers and 9th-grade students, on the issue related to accidents with animals of medical interest. This research was carried out from the qualitative analysis. The collection instrument was the questionnaires, that were made to verify the knowledge about animals of medical interest in the school, allowing the free expression of the respondents in closed and open questions. We concluded that students and teachers were able to relate animals and their dangers, and would have positive attitudes in the face of an accident. This work enables future research related to animals of medical interest, both in terms of teaching and teacher training.
O efeito do exercício físico por meio de intervenção presencial e on-line na composição corporal, parâmetros antropométricos e nos marcadores inflamatórios em mulheres previamente sedentárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-25)
Santos Junior, Valter Mariano dos
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4627872176814007
The growing number of people suffering from overweight and obesity increases the demand for the development of intervention models for lifestyle adjustments based on the regulation of energy balance and adipose tissue metabolism. The study aimed to verify the influence of inperson and on-line intervention model on adipose tissue metabolic markers in obese women; 40 obese adult volunteers aged between 20 and 45 years will be selected, who will undergo 12 weeks of in-person and on-line multidisciplinary therapy with physical assessment, and collection of biological material for biochemical analysis, along with on-line support through emails, WhatsApp®, social media, and obesity-themed videos on an on-line platform (www.#12weeksfor, eat, fit, live). At the beginning and the end of the study, the volunteers performed a physical assessment of body composition, biochemical analyzes (glucose, adiponectin, leptin, and PAI-l). Volunteers could ask questions daily via email or WhatsApp® and received information about diet and exercise. The results were analyzed using SPSS software – version 22.0, for OS. Data normality was obtained using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test and expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD). To compare the means found between groups and intragroup, ANOVA Two Way and Fisher's post-hoc were applied, adopting the value of “p”, and thus verifying the significance found between the values. The dependence behavior of the variables was verified by simple linear regression. Based on the findings, it was possible to conclude that 12 weeks of in-person and on-line therapy can be widely used to combat obesity in this population, which reinforces that, even in a short space of time, significant changes can occur in all components of the body composition, as well as in the leptin, adiponectin and PAI-1 fractions. However, more studies need to be carried out to confirm in the long term and through a cut-off study that can cover a larger number of participants, thus fully elucidating and understanding the exact mechanisms that are involved in the weight loss process, changes in body composition, changes in leptin, adiponectin and PAI-1 fractions.
Avaliação dos efeitos do microplástico glitter nas taxas de fotossíntese da Egeria densa (macrófita aquática submersa)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-25)
Yoshida, Luana Lume
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Santino, Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356641063223397
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6843542962529230
The removal of the microplastics glitter by fluxing results in its disposal in sewage treatment plants or deposition directly in aquatic ecosystems, enabling a broad interaction with biota. In this context, this study analyzed the photosynthetic rates (by the light and dark bottle method) of the submerged macrophyte Egeria densa in the presence of three concentrations of glitter: 0.0235 g (T1/T4), 0.0117 g (T2/T5) and 0.0058 g (T3/T6), as well in its absence (control treatment, CT1 and CT2). We tested 800 apical fragments of E. densa distributed in 8 subtreatments (4 under light conditions and 4 in the dark to obtain respiration) with 100 macrophyte fragment in each). The highest net photosynthesis rate (NP = gross photosynthetic (GP) rate subtracted from respiration (RD)) of E. densa was observed in the CT1, showing differences of 13.0%, 32.8% and 59.3% higher compared to T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Only the P N in T1 was not significant (p > 0.05) compared to the other glitter concentrations (T2 and T3). In T1, the highest mean respiration rate (RD) of E. densa was observed, and in T3, the lowest. The presence of glitter may have increased the reflectance, as it is a suspended particle, and resulted in the predominance of regular reflection, common in a well-polished metallic surface. The glitter reflects radiation decreasing the light absorption, altering the utilization of underwater radiation by E. densa. The larger amount of microplastics may result in the continuous reflection of radiation between the suspended glitter particles, allowing them to remain in the bottle, resulting in the higher NP in T1 compared to T3. However, it is considered that Egeria densa has a reduced distribution in places with intense sediment resuspension, and therefore it is assumed that in natural environments the photosynthetic response would be represented by T3. We concluded that the presence of glitter interferes with the absorption of light necessary for photosynthetic processes, reducing it, enabling an imbalance in the metabolism of the ecosystem.
A odisseia das águas: da teoria crítica à gestão hídrica pelo plantio, produção e conservação de água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-25)
Marques, Homel Pedrosa
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Hanai, Frederico Yuri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8251194335872789
The research aimed to identify and characterize the planting, production and water conservation projects implemented in the Atlantic Forest Biome of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo in southeastern Brazil and in Catskills in New York in the United States, interrelating with the traditional and technical knowledge of the rural producers located in geographic territories where public policies for the management of water resources are implemented it. The inspiration for the conceptual bases and the theoretical framework adopted was based on timeless authors such as Thomas Khun and his reflections on Paradigm, as well as the reflection on Social Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School and on the School of Sociology of Knowledge by the Forte Program. The counterpoint of the authors and schools mentioned is confronted by Karl Popper's Falseability Theory. The method of study in multiple cases was used to research the projects: Conservador das Águas in Extrema-MG; Plantadores de Água in Alegre-ES; and the Catskills Watershed Corporation (CWC) in New York in the United States. The dissertation is characterized as qualitative research through participant observation techniques and through an ethnographic approach in the three case studies investigated in loco. The research was developed in four layers: 1) the theoretical magnifying glass, through bibliographical research; 2) the documental magnifying glass, through content analysis of institutional-legal records, maps and files that conceived the projects; 3) through the analytical listening of institutional actors, through scripted interviews recorded with the creators, formulators, managers and executors of the projects; and 4) by listening to rural producers and landowners, residents and tourists, through semi-structured interviews with project participants. Forty-nine interviews were conducted. The result presents a comparative table of findings and discoveries for the conservation of natural resources, guidelines to improve monitoring, expansion of communication, social participation and the governance arrangement implemented. The three researched projects have common aspects such as ecological sustainability, environmental education, and management of water resources in each territory and the challenges to overcome difficulties, for the continuous improvement necessary for the improvement of each project, considered forefront in environmental management both in Brazil and in the United States. Several outcomes point to more similarities than differences. The three projects develop actions for the revitalization of the watersheds.
A Geografia na formação inicial docente: percepções formativas de estudantes de Pedagogia da UFSCar-So
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-26)
Silva, Edineuza Oliveira
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Soares, Marcos de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4341241997702351
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Lana, Rita de Cássia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1816504631940006
This research is characterized as a quantitative-qualitative study of the documental case study type. Its study proposal was based on the following problem questions: what are the perceptions of Pedagogy students at UFSCar-So in relation to Geography as a specific professional knowledge? And how is this specific professional knowledge presented to future teachers? Therefore, the study drew on primary sources such as the Pedagogical Project of the Pedagogy course at UFSCar-So (2014) and the National Curriculum Guidelines for the Pedagogy course (2006), also through the analysis of a questionnaire applied to students of the course for classes 2009 to 2016. To provide the context of the study theme, a presentation was made about the training of pedagogue teachers in Brazil and that which takes place at UFSCar-So, understanding that this training needs to promote the construction of professional knowledge for educational practice, in this case, specific training focused on the area of Geography and understanding its relevance for the early years of Elementary School, analyzing the training of these professionals present in the discipline of Methodology and Practice of Teaching History and Geography. Bearing in mind the objective of the research, which was to understand the formative perceptions of students from the Sorocaba campus Pedagogy in relation to Geography as a specific professional knowledge, the analyzed documents presented a teacher training guided in the molds of the DCNs (National Curriculum Guidelines for the course of Pedagogy) and that, therefore, they present a broad and diversified formation pointed to weaknesses in the specific teacher education regarding Geography present in the formative discipline of Methodology and Practice of Teaching History and Geography, at the same time, in which the participating students they conceive formative perceptions related to observable Geography in their curricular structure in light of the weaknesses identified through the legal documents and the bibliography presented, and also what they understand as a critical and reflective teacher education of teaching practice, culminating in the appreciation of the discipline of Geography and your i importance for the early years of elementary school.
Parques urbanos: subsídios para a elaboração de instrumentos de gestão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-26)
Pinheiro, Raquel Reia
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Peres, Renata Bovo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6505352273602736
Facing global climate challenges and the search for sustainable development, the creation of parks in urban areas has become a strategy to deal with these issues. Among the green areas of cities, the Urban Park is a category that has multiple benefits and functions. Therefore, instruments that aim for a better planning and management of these places are extremely relevant. Widely spread within the Conservation Units (UCs) context, the Management Plans aim to provide relevant information about the managed location, the zoning of the area, the rules of use, instructions for the management of natural resources, among other guidelines. In the city of São Paulo-SP, the “Master Plans for Municipal Urban Parks” also aim to delimit and provide fundamental guidelines for the management of these places. The mentioned contexts suggest that the search for relevant characteristics of these instruments can be useful in the construction of management documents for urban parks in general. Therefore, the objective of this research is to present subsidies for the elaboration of management instruments for urban parks. From the analysis of Methodological Guidelines for the Elaboration of Management Plans, proposed by ICMBio and by the São Paulo Environmental System, it was possible to list elements that could possibly guide the formulation of instruments focused in urban parks. Management Plans and Master Plans of Urban Parks in areas located in the city of São Paulo-SP were also analyzed and allowed the observation of factors that can be incorporated into the management of urban parks and aspects that can contribute to the development of similar instruments in other cities. The results obtained indicate that management instruments for urban parks should be designed and structured taking into account the characteristics of the area and its surroundings, promoting shared management, delimiting zones to ensure compatible uses, identifying programs and actions, defining administrative procedures and management, as well through constant monitoring to promote the adaptive management of these places.
"A verdadeira ficção faz a obra de arte": a construção das personagens artistas em 'O susto', de Agustina Bessa-Luís
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-26)
Oliveira, Vinicius Hippolito Jordão
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Valentim, Jorge Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427303771174064
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011832636697892
In this Course Completion Work, we propose a reading of the novel O susto (1958), by Agustina Bessa-Luís, from the mobilization of aspects referring to the category of characters in order to understand the phenomenon of references of novelistic creatures to figures of Teixeira de Pascoaes and Fernando Pessoa. The main aim is to demonstrate in detail a narrative strategy of the author, in which external and latent traits and characteristics of the Portuguese canon are subtly introduced in the work in an allusion to two references of Portuguese poetry. This gives the novel some peculiarities with regard to the construction of characters characterized as artists. The Augustinian novel makes the textual limits of genre tenuous and intensifies the discussion about artistic creation itself, and its writing enables a metaliterary discussion about this process or even about the literature produced in Portugal in the 1950s. therefore, a reflection on the idea of the artist characters present in the work and the understanding of the art generated through them.
Potencial biotecnológico de bactérias endofíticas e rizosféricas de Paspalum spp. e nanopartículas de sílica para promoção de crescimento vegetal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-26)
Moraes, Amanda Carolina Prado de
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Fávero, Alessandra Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329892306148506
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Lacava, Paulo Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8947678349043750
Bacteria associated with Paspalum plants can be employed as biofertilizers to increase the efficiency of pastures and reduce the use of agrochemicals by converting nutrients into an assimilable form for the host plant and defense against phytopathogens. In this context, silica nanoparticles (NPs) can be a tool to increase the effectiveness of biofertilizers in the field. This study aimed to isolate, identify and characterize the endophytic and rhizospheric microbiota of Paspalum spp. for plant growth promotion and to evaluate the effect of these bacterial isolates associated with silica NPs in Paspalum notatum seedlings. The bacteria were isolated from roots, leaves, and soils of P. rojasii, P. compressifolium, and P. lenticulare and tested in vitro for biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acidic acid (IAA) production, and antagonism against the phytopathogenic fungi Claviceps purpurea and Fusarium oxysporum. The bacteria with biotechnological potential were identified by the 16S rDNA sequencing, and isolates of the genera Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Serratia were selected for the in vivo tests in P. notatum and Poa annua. The seeds were disinfected and inoculated with treatments composed of bacteria and bacteria + F. oxysporum and placed in magenta boxes containing substrate. The seedlings were evaluated for germination rate, root and shoot length, and root and shoot dry weight. Seeds submitted to the same treatments were plated in Petri dishes with 0.7% agarose, and the seedling roots were 3,3’-diaminobenzidine stained and visualized under an optical microscope. In another experiment, 85 nm silica NPs at concentrations of 0.05 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL were added to the culture media of Alcaligenes sp., Enterobacter sp., and Serratia sp. A total of 11 treatments were inoculated in disinfected seeds of P. notatum and subjected to the same conditions described previously. Out of 105 isolates, 26 solubilized phosphate, fixed nitrogen, and produced IAA. Serratia sp. and Enterobacter sp. inhibited the C. pupurea growth, but none of them was antagonistic to F. oxysporum. Serratia sp. promoted significant growth of P. notatum. F. oxysporum did not inhibit the development of the seedlings, and promoted the greatest plant growth when inoculated with Enterobacter sp. However, all the seedlings inoculated with F. oxysporum exhibited thin and fragile roots and shoots. The isolates belonging to the genus Pseudomonas promoted significant growth of Poa annua. Bacteria increased the number of root hairs, and it was possible to visualize intracellular bacterial colonization in the roots. In the second experiment, the three bacterial genera without the NPs promoted the growth of P. notatum. Total germination and the highest shoot dry weight were obtained in the treatments of 0.1 mg/mL silica NPs associated with Serratia sp. and Enterobacter sp. Silica NPs associated with the three bacteria increased root length and root dry weight. Bacterial isolates from Paspalum spp. with silica NPs showed potential to be applied as nano-biofertilizers and promote plant growth in P. notatum.
Desenvolvimento e construção de um sistema de controle de uma fechadura elétrica para residências comandado por um celular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-26)
Silva, Julia Paschoal
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Barcellos, Robson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9844506370403162
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0631230412481294
The present work consists in the development and construction of a prototype of an electric lock for homes, remotely controlled by cell phone using the ESP8266 NodeMcu module, a card with a Wi-Fi connection. One of the requirements is that the electric lock to be installed inside the main door of the residence, so that it is not possible to view it externally. The system contains a relay to activate the electric lock and an Android cell phone application with buttons for command to open/close the lock. The ESP8266 NodeMcu module connects via Wi-Fi to the cellphone and activates the relay through a port. Finally, sensors were installed to check whether the lock is open or closed to notify the user.