Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2021-11"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 274

A relação da inteligência emocional com os traços patológicos de personalidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-01) Nagae, William Hiody Schmidt; Muniz, Monalisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6167411022368126
The Emotional Intelligence (EI) is defined as the ability of perceiving, using, understanding and managing emotions. It has been studied by several researchers for more than 30 years. For a further insight into EI and how it relates to other constructs, one of the research lines is dedicated to Personality. Although the studies are recurrent with personality traits, there is a lack of correlations with personality disorders. Thus, the objective of the current study is to investigate the relationship between the EI and the pathological personality traits. In this study. 101 adults of both sexes participated of this research and answered two online questionnaires that measure EI. Both are part of the Bateria de Inteligência Emocional. One of them is related to emotional perception and the other one is related to emotional regulation. The Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade – II was also used to check pathological personality traits. The results obtained revealed that the large majority of them are in agreement with literature, that also indicates the presence of significant, weak and negative correlations between pathological traits and EI. This research also endorses the previous hypothesis of the literature about the existence of a bivalent influence between the EI, pathological traits and personality disorders. In conclusion, as a result of the gap of previous studies, more researches are expected to continue studying about that relationship, and it is expected that this study contributes to future discussions.
O pensamento da arte na Educação Matemática: a obra aberta de Athos Bulcão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11) Vilela, Denise Silva; Coury, Aline Germano Fonseca ; Rodrigues, Vânia Cristina da Silva; Molina, Natalia Stefany Guirelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4688805153426529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3490615524948327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8916082819035952; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-9418; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-1301; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7129-6812
Este artigo se baseia em uma Experiência Formativa realizada com estudantes do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, SP, num projeto que envolve Arte e Educação Matemática. O objetivo geral da proposta foi integrar a experiência artística com uma prática matemática. O intuito foi conhecer a obra do arquiteto e artista Athos Bulcão (1918 - 2008) e recriar obras específicas por diferentes tecnologias, como software, régua, compasso e colagens. Este artista foi escolhido para a Experiência Formativa pelos aspectos gráficos e geométricos presentes nas suas obras, pela simplicidade, beleza e proposta de “obra aberta” em que a composição final do painel é resultado do processo não uniforme de assentamento dos azulejos pelos operários. Esse aspecto imprevisível e dinâmico contrasta com uma suposta matemática verdadeira, universal e fixa. O referencial teórico, de inspiração na filosofia de Gilles Deleuze, considera a “aprendizagem” não no sentido da aquisição de conhecimento, mas como experiência e sentido, pautada em uma perspectiva não restrita a dicotomias tal como conteúdo e método, ciência e técnica, numa crítica a aspectos da modernidade que separa a razão das emoções e preza o conhecimento verdadeiro e universal. A atividade desenvolvida com os estudantes foi em si mesma o que se pretendia ensinar, no sentido de se tratar de uma prática não restrita à aula tradicional e que considera não haver um controle do aprender, do pensar e dos acontecimentos. Os participantes aderiram com expressivo engajamento ao projeto que resultou em 15 obras recriadas e uma exposição multimídia em espaço público da universidade com ampla divulgação na região. A Experiência poderia ser vista como alternativa, em termos filosóficos e pedagógicos, a uma compreensão racionalizada da formação e visa contemplar demandas de formação cultural e não disciplinar do professor de matemática.
Ascese econômica: a constituição do estudante-empreendedor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-03) Gilaverte, Ana Paula; Silva, Flávio Caetano da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5581771963380830
This research analyzes the perspective of the production of subjectivity in the point of view of students regarding the self-constitution as an entrepreneurial student. This process, in the school environment, is established through the dissemination of discourses about entrepreneurship, autonomy and student protagonism. The proposed problem is how economic ascesis constitutes the entrepreneur student´s subjectivity of himself. It is a problem linked to the discourse of entrepreneurship that currently permeates the school context and the conceptions of entrepreneurial education targeting the constitution of the subjectivity of students as entrepreneurs of themselves. The issue is translated at public schools by the adoption of an entrepreneurial posture, which privileges the introduction of values based on autonomy, competent formation, self-regulation, development of social-emotional skills and individual co-responsibility, considered as pillars of the 21st century education. The proposed methodology is hermeneutical, based on the texts of Michel Foucault, aiming to observe the modalities in which students are enunciated as subjects of the entrepreneurial discourse in a subjective relationship of the self-constitution as an entrepreneur student. For the results, the discourses circulating in the school which make up the profile offered to the students are contextualized, so that they constitute themselves as an entrepreneurial subject according to the contemporary demands.
Manifestação do Darwinismo Social na Eugenia e suas implicações para o ensino de Ciências e Biologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-03) Monteiro, Flávia Leite; Silva, Antônio Fernando Gouvêa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213; Franco, Fernando de Faria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5290956002281250; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6250544937553628
Since the beginnings of society, forms of segregation and hierarchization among peoples have been naturalized by human beings. With the development of modern science, scientific arguments that could justify the marginalization of certain groups in society began to be sought. In this context, Social Darwinism and its aspects, including eugenics, have been emerged. Eugenicist thinking preaches that there is an ideal eugenic type, and that, through artificial selection, it would be possible to improve the human being. The eugenics movement was very strong during the first decades of the 20th century; however, it is a mistake to believe that the eugenic discourse is no longer reproduced today. The current work seeks to understand to what extent the critical approach to eugenic discussions in science and biology classes can contribute to overcoming attempts to naturalize sociocultural prejudices. For this end, the role of critical education in the area of science was discussed, and how important it is to break with the ideal of neutral and unattainable science. Phrases from recognized authors were also selected through interviews in newspapers and magazines, original books by these authors and scientific articles. After this, the phrases were subdivided into four categories: genetic determinism, geographic determinism, hygienism and scientific racism. The chosen methodology was qualitative research, through documentary research, to carry out the analysis of the author's discourse on a sociocultural view of genetics and evolution. The explanatory limits of these phrases were worked throughout the work using concepts of genetics and evolution to counteract the eugenic ideas contained in them, trying to interpret it within the cultural context in which the sentence was emitted. With the development of the work, it can be concluded that working with eugenics in the classroom is one of the ways to contextualize teaching and can help to overcome prejudices, transforming the reality of the student, a fundamental step in exercising a critical education.
Banco de germoplasma de populações de Astronium urundeuva (M. Allemão) Engl. procedentes do Cerrado e sua importância frente às mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-04) Corrêa, Aparecida Juliana Martins; Moraes, Mario Luiz Teixeira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9339164677717394; Freitas, Miguel Luiz Menezes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8536113635924828; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4940603316970363
Conserving genetic diversity ensures the variability necessary for environmental adaptation and progress in plant breeding. Since Astronium urundeuva ("aroeira do sertão") is known and exploited due to its wood resistance, therefore, it is necessary to understand its landscape distribution, in order to preserve its germplasm. This thesis' aims were to characterize A. urundeuva populations progenies, distributed in distinct regions, and to verify their survival upon climatic fluctuations. Progenies from three populations, installed in Selvíria-MS, were evaluatad for growth and reproductive variables, at different ages, measured in 2019. Region climatic data (temperature (T), precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (Eto) and water available (H2Od), averages and accumulated) were also evaluated, between 1996 and 2018. When necessary, data were standardized in Z statistics. Genetic parameters 〖(σ〗^2,h^2,CVs) were obtained from models efficiency, with covariate or not, in order to identify competition between individuals. Sex ratio was determined by flowering in 2019. Best progenies were determined by overlapping generations, and the correlation between aditive (a) and dominance (d) effects was also made. Descriptive (historical) and sequential water balances (from 2018) were made. Relationship between silvicultural and climatic variables was performed using multiple linear regression (RLM). Models with covariates were not efficient. There is an inbalance in sex ratio for progeny tests (1♀:2♂), related to spatial distribution, species characteristics and sexual selection. Few mothers (1-3 per test) were superior to progenies, indicative of few targeted crosses. Significant correlation (S = 0,7375, α < 2,2 * 10-16) between a and d, implies collecting seeds and propagules, with genetic gains in both strategies. Water deficit (m ̂=-12,7 mm) is standard for the region, in all evaluated years. There was a significant correlation between silvicultural variables and Eto (r = -0,745, α < 0,01); bewteen climatic ones, to those related to H2Od (r = 0,464, α < 0,001), which highlights water importance for the species. RLM showed Etom is directly and inversely related to silvicultural variables (rlm = 0,00426, α < 0,001) , and shows the relation between water availability and productivity. Even though it is not a typical Cerrado species, A. urundeuva may have adapted to its conditions, with slow growth during water deficit, to survive, despite water stress periods, showing itself to be long-living over the time. Even so, there is few literature referring to climate impacts on the species, which justifies further studies on this subject.
Variação fenotípica e reconstrução de caracteres ancestrais no gênero Cereus Mill. (Cactaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-05) Yano, Isis Minhós; Amaral, Danilo Trabuco do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1962677068147121; Franco, Fernando de Faria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5290956002281250; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3717085210858089
The genus Cereus Mill. (Cactaceae) is widely distributed throughout South America and has 26 recognized species (in addition to six subspecies), subdivided into four subgenera: Cereus, Oblongicarpi, Ebneria and Mirabella. In phylogenetic terms, the genus has at least five main lineages (A-E). In this work we investigate the phenotypic variation in Cereus species. The hypotheses are: 1) the phenotypic transitions along the phylogeny may be linked to the genus diversification in dry environments in South America and 2) there is enough phenotypic variation to discriminate species of different clades and/or subgenera. To test these hypotheses, the variation for 54 phenotypic characters was screened from the literature for all Cereus species and two external groups. To test hypothesis 1, a ancestral state reconstruction was performed. For this reconstruction, the software MESQUITE v.3.61 was used under the algorithms of Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood (Mk1), for taxa with defined phylogenetic position (20 species). To test hypothesis 2, discriminant analysis were performed using RStudio, STATISTICA and PAST software. Among the 54 characteristics sampled, 11 showed a significant change of state in the phylogeny, namely: root type (clade D, 99.9%), flower areolas (clade D, 99.9%), flower bracts (clade D , 99.9%), branches (clades B, 58.2%; D, 98.2%; and the two subspecies of C. fernambucensis Lemaire/Ritter, 58.4% and 60.4%), rib margins (clades A2, 88.1%; B, 59%; and the two subspecies of C. jamacaru De Candolle/Ritter, 87.2%), wood (clade D, 47.9% each sp), position of the outer segments perianth (clade A + B, 88.9%), dispersers (two subspecies of C. jamacaru plus C. pierre-braunianus E. Esteves Pereira, 96.2%), dehiscence (clade D, 99.6%), perianth remains (branches comprising clades A + B + C + C. fricii Backeberg, 77.8%), and minimal number of radial spines (clade C, 84%; the two subspecies of C. jamacaru, 81.6 %). State changes for clade D seem to be related to mitigation of the effects of transpiration and solar irradiation, in addition, rib characteristics may be linked to the dry environment, and to acting in the thermal control promoted by their shading. Tuberous roots are possibly associated with water and starch storage and can even function as vegetative propagation organs in plants that occur in adverse environments. Multivariate analyzes revealed that the Mirabella subgenus was very different from the other three subgenres. The adaptationist explanation is viable, but not a conclusion of this work, considering other processes that could lead to the same present observations.
Educação alimentar e nutricional: uma análise histórico-crítica da relação educação, alimentação e nutrição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-05) Moreau, Luiza Pompeu Prado Moreira; Coutinho, Luciana Cristina Salvatti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2688318704089723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7213550797039437
This dissertation seeks to present a historical analysis of the process of genesis and development of Food and Nutrition Education (EAN) in Brazil, seeking to understand the concepts of food, nutrition and education present in the area's initiatives and policies and the historical-social meaning pointed out by them. For this, we used bibliographical research and documental analysis, emphasizing the historical analysis and critical reflection of the elements present in the analyzed context. EAN aims to study and disseminate information on adequate and healthy eating and promote healthy eating habits through public policies based on educational resources. The scenario observed within EAN's initiatives and policies indicates the need to expand the debate around the theoretical-methodological bases that underlie its approach, as this still occurs in a fragmented, isolated and decontextualized way from the historical-social reality. In our analysis, we seek to consider the concrete determinants that permeate the development of EAN, that is, the struggles and contradictions present in capitalist society. For that, we believe that the Historical-Critical Pedagogy, and its orientation from the Historical-Dialectical Materialism, are presented as fundamental for the analysis of this context. In our analysis, we present the periodization of the formation of food and nutrition policies in three historical moments: 1940-1970: period characterized by the development of dissemination instruments on healthy eating, with the aim of correcting erroneous eating habits and presenting the pillars of rational food; 1970-1990: period characterized by the valorization of the income-food binomial and by a critique of EAN policies, in this period food supplementation and food distribution policies prevail; 1990-present: period characterized by the discussion of food as a human right, coexisting income access and EAN policies. There has been an expansion of the EAN concept over time, added to an expansion of social rights. Food came to be understood as a human right and a duty of the State, nutrition was no longer seen from a strictly technical and biological point of view, but also considered cultural issues. The concept of hegemonic education has undergone changes, but remains always within the framework of a non-critical view, placing education as a redeemer of social problems. In the end, we observe that due to the development of initiatives and policies within the capitalist logic, successive political-economic crises have set back the few advances obtained. and with that, the conquests that had been hard won were lost with the characteristic instability of this economic system. Therefore, we reiterate the importance of discussing the theoretical foundations that guide the EAN and the development of a critical EAN that can effectively contribute to the training, health, food, nutrition and emancipation of the working class. In this way, we consider the contributions of PHC to be fundamental in the sense of thinking about a new praxis for EAN.
O paradoxo do sexo: a sexualidade no pensamento de Jean-Jacques Rousseau
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-05) Ferreira Junior, Paulo; Nascimento, Luís Fernandes dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3654785629696808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8223256562639584
The aim of this work is to investigate the theme of sexuality in Rousseau's thought. The Genevan philosopher is often accused of paradox and his work of containing problems of unity. These characteristics, however, constitute an advantage to reflect the sexual issue in all its complexity. Rousseau sometimes stands as a defender of morals and virtue, and criticizes the sexual customs of his time, notably in his considerations of romance and theater in the Letter to d'Alembert and in the Preface to Julie, or The New Heloise. Rousseau also considers sexuality to be an important element in his anthropological theory. In the Discourse on Inequality, sex singles out the wild, as it distinguishes it from civilian man and other animals. Together with freedom and perfectibility, sex is a constitutive element of human nature that must be considered in the process of socialization of the species. In Emile, sexuality operates as a kind of catalyst for sociability. Sexual maturity is used by the preceptor as a pedagogical instrument through which he manages the birth of social passions and modulates the student's moral character. Still in Emile, Rousseau elaborates a theory of sexual difference in which the oblique experience of female sexual desire is a fundamental element to understand the union between the sexes in terms of an agreement. Rousseau defends modesty as something natural to women, which makes him one of the authors most criticized by the feminist reception. But Rousseau is a complex author and his work is full of nuances. In The New Heloise, through a female character, Rousseau can question whether the soul has a sex and relativize the sexual difference. In Confessions, by taking the narrative of sexual experience as a privileged place for autobiographical discourse, Rousseau ends up offering a concrete example of an individual in which his relationship with sexuality is more complex than the theory of sexual difference supposes. Still in the autobiographical text, Rousseau reports his passion for botany, a science with which he identifies and which acquires supplement value. If in man, sex is a singularity that becomes more complex and becomes a moral problem, in plants, sex is simple and plural, precisely because it is free from morality. In a nutshell, whether as a critic, as a theorist or as a writer, sexuality is a theme of Rousseau's thought, whose variety of discourses, and even paradoxes, corroborates to reflect the theme in all its complexity.
Elaboração e análise de indicadores bibliométricos de publicações na área de educação em engenharia de materiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-08) Almeida Filho, Humberto Dias de; Zanotto, Maria Angélica do Carmo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3731359873558304; Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6576844591900987; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9321426747626434
Engineering is directly related to the industrial and socioeconomic development of each country and region in which it operates, being a central area in its development. Indispensable to the present day, the engineering professional, whose reflection of his work directly implies changes in society must present a generalist, critical, humanistic and reflective profile. With the demand for new skills from new professionals, such as: leadership, entrepreneurship and innovation, efforts are being made worldwide in an attempt to modernize engineering curricula, thus increasing the importance of the field of research in engineering education, including materials engineering education. This work proposed to carry out an analysis of data from the application of bibliometric techniques, in records retrieved in the “Web of Science” platform. The search in the database was directed to the area “Education in Materials Engineering” and, after processing the data collected, the identification of the main countries; possible research groups, institutions, as well as possible trends related to the theme were made. After analyzing the data, it was possible to verify the US hegemony in research in education in materials engineering through the number of publications, main institutions and authors. Brazil, in turn, is in 4th position in overall number of publications, accounting for 4.5% of total publications. It is also worth mentioning the presence of a Brazilian researcher as the main author on the topic. Recently implemented public policies can act positively for greater growth in Brazil in such a scenario.
Um estudo estatístico sobre as redes de aeroportos no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-08) Amancio, Daniele Gentile; Cerqueira, Andressa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1934493281651316; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8911400120771744
In this work, we study the evolution of the Brazilian airport networks in order to describe their connectivity structure and to analyze if their structure changed during the pandemic caused by COVID-19. To this end, we study methods of community detection on random networks, that is, how to divide the nodes (airports) of the network into groups that have similar connection patterns. We compare the communities obtained for the airport networks built before and during the pandemic in order to determine if there are changes in their structure.
Brincar e aprender com e na natureza: a perspectiva do desemparedamento da infância na Educação Infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-08) Ferreira, Fernanda; Camargo, Andreia Regina de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0936098182171676; Santos, Maria Walburga dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5103399776594037
The present work has as general objective to present the separation of childhood as an important instrument in the promotion of school practices that address the child-nature relationship in early childhood education. The concept of desemparedamento refers to the term coined by Léa Tiriba and can be defined initially as a proposal to carry out school experiences in external spaces, outside the classroom. In this sense, documents and publications of the Ministry of Education were analyzed to understand the relevance of external spaces in promoting the integral development of children. The methodology used was that of bibliographic research, in which publications on the topic were surveyed between 2010 and 2020. It was also found that practices and pedagogical planning also need to be taken into account, and not just the available space. Thus, the qualitative research makes it possible to recognize the importance of children's contact with nature, highlighting their rights and respecting their wishes
Obesidade abdominal como fator de risco para incidência de insuficiência e deficiência de vitamina D em pessoas maiores de 50 anos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-08) Silva, Thaís Barros Pereira da; Luiz, Mariane Marques; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6873656781346891; Alexandre, Tiago da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6531822176663592
Introduction: Despite being very conflicting, some studies demonstrate a bidirectional relationship between obesity and vitamin D deficiency (≤ 30 nmol/L). However, there is little epidemiological evidence investigating the association between abdominal fat accumulation and the incidence of low serum vitamin D concentrations. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to verify whether abdominal obesity is associated with the incidence of insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D and whether the presence of osteoporosis and vitamin D supplementation modify such associations. Methods: This is a longitudinal study with four years of follow-up involving participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) aged 50 years and over. The sample consisted of 2,470 participants with vitamin D sufficiency at baseline in ELSA wave 6, defined by serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] > 50 nmol/L. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference > 88 cm for women and > 102 cm for men. After four years of follow-up, serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were measured again and incident cases of insufficient (> 30 and ≤ 50 nmol/L) or deficient (≤ 30 nmol/L) 25(OH)D were considered as outcome. Multinomial logistic regression models controlled for sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics were performed. Results: Abdominal obesity increased the risk of incidence of 25(OH)D insufficiency by 37% (RRR = 1.37; 95% CI 1.02 - 1.84) and of 25(OH)D deficiency by 64 % (RRR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.05 - 2.58). Excluding individuals with osteoporosis or those taking vitamin D supplementation, the risk of insufficiency (RRR = 1.39 95% CI 1.02 – 1.91) and deficiency (RRR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.11 – 2 .97) of 25(OH)D in abdominal obese subjects was even higher. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity appears to be an important factor associated with an increased risk of insufficiency and 25(OH)D deficiency in people aged 50 years and over. These findings demonstrate the importance of a clinical look at obesity and its consequences so that prevention, monitoring and treatment strategies are developed
Análise da influência do teor de lignina de fibras vegetais nas características mecânicas e física do composto cimentício
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-08) Danno, Henrique Shiguemitsu; Gazzola, Jonathan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0159433721761670; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2032324047982031
Civil construction is an industrial sector that consumes natural resources. To supply this demand, this sector has sought to use alternative sources of material and with positive mechanical performance. This market is looking for new sources of fibers, since asbestos, the most commonly used material, has restrictive restrictions regarding legislation, in addition to steel and polymers that cause negative impacts on its extraction and processing. Limit to Brazil's agricultural potential, vegetable fibers are natural and renewable sources, and can be applied in fiber cement. However, its mechanical performance can vary according to the lignin content. This research project aimed to analyze the influence that the lignin content of vegetable fiber can have on the mechanical strength of fiber concrete, looking for a possibility of establishing a relationship between these two factors in order to predict the feasibility of its use in civil construction. For this research work, there were two types of vegetable fiber with different lignin contents (soybean and bamboo). Vegetable fibers were prepared with drying treatment to remove internal moisture. Subsequently, its critical length was determined by a pull-out test and cut to be incorporated into the fiber cement. The test pieces were molded in body percentages of 0, 2, 6 and 10%, and cured according to NBR 5738 and NBR 5739, respectively. Mechanical strength tests followed NBR 5739. Mechanical strength was provided based on NBR 12655, and the Impact Test followed NBR 13818/1997. It can be demanded that there is a direct relationship between the lignin content and the increase in strength and energy absorption of the concrete. The recommended model with the best results was with an addition of 2% Bamboo fiber.
Quantificação da tortuosidade de vasos sanguíneos: definições e influência das etapas de realce e segmentação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-08) Silva, Matheus Viana da; Comin, Cesar Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563440403120931; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8238004891292817
Morphological features of blood vessels can be used as markers of several pathologies affecting the tissues of organisms. Among these features, tortuosity displays a vital role in the study and diagnostic of conditions that affect blood flow. Advances in computational power and imaging techniques have made it possible to develop automatic methodologies for quantifying tortuosity in images with hundreds or even thousands of blood vessels. These methodologies usually involve the enhancement, segmentation, and skeletonization of blood vessels, each of which has been studied in several works in the literature. Frequently, these works ignore the influence that blood vessel tortuosity has on the quality of the result. In particular, many of the developed algorithms are not focused on processing blood vessels with high tortuosity, which tend to be relevant for several diseases. As a result, systematic problems (or biases) on quantifying blood vessel tortuosity can occur, leading to wrong conclusions regarding the studied vessels. Thus, we studied the influence that tortuosity has on different stages of digital processing of blood vessel images, especially regarding the steps of enhancement and segmentation. Experiments performed with an artificial blood vessel generator suggest that biases may occur when using traditional enhancement algorithms in vessels with high tortuosity. Using real images of blood vessels in the retina, we identified that databases mainly composed of tortuous vessels may affect the quality of segmentation by deep learning methods, with possible overestimation of the average tortuosity value of a vessel network. The experiments with deep learning were expanded with a large dataset of confocal microscopy images of the mouse cortex. We found possible biases that can occur when using pre-trained off-the-shelf networks to perform morphometric analyses of blood vessels. In addition, we identified the possibility of mitigating part of those biases by a fine-tuning step performed with new datasets, or by expanding the training dataset with transformations applied to the original data. It is expected that the proposed analyzes will lead to an improvement in the accuracy of morphometric values obtained in frontier research regarding the cardiovascular system.
Avaliação da atividade biológica do material orgânico derivado da base de Schiff N,N-bis'(salicilideno)-1,2-fenilenodiamina complexado com cobre (ll) e cobalto (ll)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-08) Soriano, Bianca; Sousa, Cristina Paiva de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6431092009628550
Treatment for bacterial infections is through antimicrobials and resistance is a major worldwide problem that leads to approximately 35,000 deaths per year. Another public health problem is related to occurrences caused by parasites such as visceral leishmaniasis, which presents severe clinical manifestations that can lead to death and the available treatments can cause definite side effects in addition to resistance. In this way, there is a need to produce new substances for the pharmacological development of molecules and their derivatives. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and biological properties of products derived from the base of Schiff N, N’-bis (Salicylidene) -1,2-phenylenediamine complexed with copper (II) and cobalt (II). X-ray diffraction techniques, Ramam spectroscopy, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (CBM), time kill, modulation of antibiotics with amikacin and gentamicin, determination of leishmanicida, determination of cell cytotoxicity in fibroblasts and evaluation of production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). It was possible to identify differences between the free ligand and its criteria. In the antimicrobial activity, the most expressive results were obtained with the Gram-positives S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, M. luteus, E. faecalis and B. subitilis with inhibitions between 75 and 96% for all tested and a MIC of 125 µg.ml-1 to these bacteria. The CBM obtained was 1000 µg.ml-1 and 250 µg.ml-1 to S. aureus and S. epidermidis, respectively. To S. saprophyticus and E. faecalis, 500 µg.ml- 1 was detected. Through the antibiotic modulation test, a synergistic effect of the free ligand with the antibiotics gentamicin and amikacin was detected, reducing the MIC by 4 and 16X. In the evaluation of the leishmanicidal activity, activity was observed in the highest tested concentration of the studies with inhibitions above 85%. The assessment of cytotoxicity allowed us to observe that the free ligand has lower toxicity for all cell types tested when compared to the complexes. Through the ROS test, ROS production was detected, but at the lowest concentration tested, this production reached levels close to the levels of the control group. Through the cell migration test, total cell growth was detected in 48 hours with the free ligand and 72 hours with the cobalt complex. Thus, the data suggest that the cobalt complex and the free ligand have expressive antimicrobial and leishmanicidal activity when compared to the copper complex.
Contaminação microbiológica dos tetos de vacas leiteiras mantidas em sistema de confinamento Compost Barn
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-08) Fogaça, Carolina dos Santos Sousa; Silva, Naaman Francisco Nogueira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8255475072902530; Pimentel Filho, Natan de Jesus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9157232954010211; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6632434103622862
The health of the udder of cows is strictly correlated to the absence of inflammatory processes that can affect the mammary gland, such as mastitis, which is considered the disease with the greatest impact on economic and productive aspects in dairy farming worldwide. Due to the high incidence of this disease in dairy cattle, an alternative system to the Free-Stall model, called Compost Barn, was developed. Therefore, this project aimed to establish the relationship between a Compost Barn confinement system and the contaminating microbiota of cow teats. In a rural property in the city of Angatuba - SP, monthly collections of materials were carried out in 10 % of the herd of cows, divided into three lots, and in specific points of the compost bed used in the confinement barn. For the cows, samples were collected with the aid of swabs on the outside of the sphincter of each teat and for the compost bed, plastic bags were used to collect and mix the samples. Subsequently, aliquots of decimal dilutions were transferred to Petri dishes with culture medium for analysis of total coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. of the udder and for analysis of total coliforms in the bed. The average coliform count per udder was 2.8 Log10 CFU/udder for lot 1, 2.7 Log10 CFU/udder for lot 2, and 3.0 Log10 CFU/udder for lot 3, with a level of 2.84 ± 0.55 Log10 CFU/udder (mean SE; N = 33), with CV = 19.30 %. For Staphylococcus spp., the mean count of lot 1 was 5.3 Log10 CFU/udder, of lot 2 it was 5.5 Log10 CFU/udder and of lot 3 it was 5.3 Log10 CFU/udder, with level of 5.35 ± 0.45 Log10 CFU/udder (mean SE; N = 33), with CV of 8.48 %. According to the methodology, the compost bed of the confinement system was also analyzed for the concentration of total coliforms, with the average counts per bed of each batch being 5.7 Log10 CFU/g of sample from batch 1, while in the beds of lots 2 and 3 were 5.5 Log10 CFU/g, with coliform level at 5.55 ± 0.50 Log10 CFU/g (mean SE; N = 36), with CV = 9.03 %. Through the obtained results, it appears that the Compost Barn confinement system has been shown to be effective in relation to the low count of Staphylococcus spp. and total coliforms in the udder and barn compost bed.
A emoção na criança de 3 a 4 anos: laços de alteridade e mediações entre escola e família na educação infantil em meio à pandemia da covid-19.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-08) Nobrega, Isabelle; Zuin, Poliana Bruno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0389350936548546; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6884188105701193
This research aims to analyze a trajectory of the meanings of emotions historically constituted by a group of children aged 3 to 4 years in social isolation caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic. The children belong to a room at the Child Care Unit (UAC) at the Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, campus São Carlos-SP. Resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic, the project was developed in a virtual environment, using applications such as Whatsapp and Google Drive to dialogue with the children's families, as well as sending suggestions for weekly activities addressing the theme of emotions. Based on the theoretical construct of the philosopher of language M. Bakhtin and authors who compose a cultural-historical theory such as Vygotsky, Luria, Leontiev, among others who understand language as a constitutive activity of consciousness and emotions, reports and narratives were collected. of family members about their children at this moment of social isolation in order to analyze whether the proposed activities helped in understanding the meaning of different emotions for children. This research will contribute to the areas of Linguistics, Psychology and Education, as it seeks to highlight the importance of naming emotions during childhood for the child's emotional and intellectual development. Frontal data in the light of the theoretical framework allow public policies to incorporate the theme "Emotion and Feelings" in the Early Childhood Education curriculum, as well as seeking to help teachers to work on this theme in the classroom, welcoming families and their children, especially when returning to face-to face activities during and after the Covid-19 pandemic.
Plasticidade morfológica em microalgas induzida por predação por Chironomus cf. xanthus Hempel,1939 (Insecta: Chironomidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-09) Fernandes, Suzana Luisa Alves; Fusari, Lívia Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4951378712238107; Bagatini, Inessa Lacativa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3904631503604006; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4214494765998822
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms with different morphologies and may present phenotypic plasticity under predation risk. They are primary producers in aquatic environments and can be predated by innumerous heterotrophic groups, including benthic invertebrates. Among important benthic invertebrates which feed on microalgae, especially green microalgae, diatoms and cyanobacteria, there is the genus of insects Chironomus (Chironomidae, Diptera). Although the morphological variation of microalgae to avoid predation by planktonic invertebrates has been well documented, little is known about the phenotypic plasticity in microalgae predated by those larvae. In this project, we evaluated the morphological plasticity in microalgae as a defense to predation by Chironomus cf. xanthus larvae. We evaluated the morphological alterations in three microalgae strains of the species: Desmodesmus spinosus, since this genus usually presents phenotypic plasticity under predation by other invertebrates; and two microalgae belonging to genera found in benthos, habitat of the larvae: Micrasterias cf. pinnatifida, a green alga (desmid) and Cyclotella sp. a centric diatom. D. spinosus was evaluated directly over predation, however, due to methodological issues, the other algae were evaluated under the extracellular substances released by the larvae. The experiments were performed in triplicates. Under predation, D. spinosus presented significant increase in the coenobium dimensions on the second day, and in the maximum linear dimension (between spines) at the fourth day of growth; in this same period, a higher number of unicellular individuals was observed. Micrasterias biomass and chlorophyll a concentration (determined by cell count and absorbance) increased significantly on the second day in indirect contact with chironomids. In Cyclotella, extracellular substances released by the chironomid larvae (indirect contact), significantly increased the maximum linear dimensions of the individuals after 2 days, the number of filamentous individuals on the fourth day; and the chlorophyll a concentration from the first to the third days of growth. This is the first work showing morphological plasticity in algae predated by chironomids. The knowledge on the morphological plasticity of microalgae under predation can help elucidate the complex taxonomy of these microorganisms. Furthermore, it can help future studies about the interaction between the larva and its prey and its effects on the biota and local productivity.
Avaliação do estado de superfície obtido no fresamento de ligas de titânio com ferramentas comerciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-09) Silva, Gustavo Vinicius Ferreira da; Antonialli, Armando Ítalo Sette; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4367459395417045; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1613123454650425
The fulfilment of physiological performance criteria that lead to the proper structural and functional connection between bone and implant, called osteointegration, is closely related to the surface characteristics of the biomaterial, which depend on the processes involved in its manufacture. Therefore, the present work aims to expand the understanding about the influence of machining conditions on the surface integrity of commercially pure grade 4 titanium and Ti-6Al-4V ELI components submitted to the milling operation. For this purpose, based on a 2^3 complete factorial design, was selected as influencing factors the type of tool: high-performance cutter and conventional cutter, machined titanium alloy and cutting speed. Three different roughness parameters were used as response variables on the surface state, namely: mean roughness (Ra), asymmetry (Rsk) and flatness (Rku) of the profile. An additional analysis verified the wettability of the machined surfaces through four different ways of measuring the contact angle. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the cutting tool corresponds to the main influencing factor of this study, being significant on all response variables. The machined titanium alloy was also influential on the average roughness results, while the cutting speed showed a significant influence on both the average roughness and the asymmetry parameter. Precisely regarding to skewness, it is noteworthy that the different cutters employed produced consistently opposite results, that is: while one tool model resulted in a surface composed predominantly of peaks, the other model resulted in surfaces composed of valleys. Finally, the surface wettability analysis indicated that the milling of Ti-6Al-4V ELI with high performance cutter and high cutting speed results in the surface with higher contact angles among those analysed, characterizing the condition of maximum cell viability within the mean surface roughness limit obtained.
Análise da influência da nanosílica na resistência à compressão de concretos: uma revisão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-09) Pedroso, Henrique Thiago Roque; Ferreira, Fernanda Giannotti da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329487394818763; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7476694130387544
Currently, concrete is the most used material in civil construction for the most diverse types of constructions. Due to its importance for the area, more researches study about the physical and mechanical properties of the material and seek to improve them. Lately, the use of mineral additions in concretes has intensified in order to improve these characteristics. Among these improvements sought, there is greater durability of the structures. Thus, concomitant with the advancement of nanotechnology use in several areas, the addition of nanosilica in concrete seeks to provide a gain in the compressive strength and durability of the material. The present work had the intention to evaluate the effect of adding nanosilica to concrete, gathering data from scientific works and developing a database, which collected information such as nanosilica percentage and compressive strength values of cementitious materials. Firstly, 39 works were selected, 30 studies on concrete, 6 on cementitious paste and 3 on mortar, due to the higher number, it was chosen to continue with the analysis only for those which worked with concrete. Because of the heterogeneity between the samples and the large number of different nanosilica percentage observed, 24 in total, it was decided to restrict the analysis to 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3% and 5% of addition of nanosilica for the ages of 7 and 28 days, since they had a larger number of samples. Graphical analyzes were performed using bar graphs, box-plot and linear regression, and Analysis of Variance - ANOVA, Tukey's Test and Anderson-Darling Test for Normality were also used to perform statistical analyses, comparing the values of the compressive strength of the nanosilica traces with the reference. From the results, the conclusion was that there is no significant difference in the compressive strength value of concretes with nanosilica compared to those without addition. However, this result could have been influenced due to the variability of characteristics between samples in the water/binder ratio for instance.