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Perceptions of Brazilian college students about ethics in computer-based data collection and interventions for mental health
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Menegasso, Pedro Vinicius Gallo; Neris, Vânia Paula de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0268728255033469; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2022575333877071
Many college students worldwide exhibited bad symptoms of mental health conditions. In Brazil, the indicators are particularly alarming. Computing technologies have been investigated as possible support in this scenario. However, there is still a need for further investigation on how computer-based health interventions are perceived in terms of their ethical implications and public opinion. This study collected answers by a questionnaire from 160 college Brazilian students regarding socio-demographic data, technology use, privacy and use of digital data, factors that affect mental health, strategies to preserve mental health, and 3 scenarios of computer-based technology to be judged according to the utility of technology, willingness to use it and ethics. The results indicate some different perceptions among participants considering their age, genders and areas of study, and also between the utility of technology and willingness to use it.
Transformações geométricas: fazendo arte na aula de matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Sanches, Aparecida de Souza Costa; Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6386752296078612
The present work aims to analyze the study of symmetry in Elementary School, through classes given online, aiming at the active participation of the student in the teaching and learning process of Mathematics, using computational resources to establish a significant relationship between the school contents in the area of Geometry and works of art. To verify the learning, sheets of pedagogical activities were prepared, which could be printed or copied, for the students to solve. The elaborated activity sheets explored and used the concepts of symmetry in order to assist in learning and visualizing these contents. The activities were applied online, through the Google Meet, WhatsApp and Classroom applications in a public school in Minas Gerais, in an eighth grade class, seeking student-student and student-teacher interaction for conducting and carrying out the activities proposed in class. We can say that the virtual class made it possible to improve the teaching of symmetry and, also, that the dialogues with the students contributed to the learning of the contents covered in class.
“Às vezes discutimos, às vezes ignoramos”: apropriação da categoria raça e repercussões do racismo nas famílias brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Freitas, Renita de Cássia dos Santos; D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381029115416584; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730015275900183
Racism, as a structural and structural system of societies, is present in all aspects and institutions of social life, including the family. This research aimed is to understand appropriation of the race category and repercussions of racism in the family context. The specific objectives are: 1) to assess perceptions of emotional support, parental rejection in childhood and everyday discrimination between white, brown and black people; 2) analyze the appropriation of meanings of being a white or non-white person; 3) analyze the participants' experiences of racism in the family. 215 people participated, aged between 18 and 65 years (M=25 years, SD=9.26), the majority were women (79.6%), white (53.7%), and undergraduate students (61, 6%). All answered an online form with questions about sociodemographic description, phenotypic identification images, Parental Practices Remembrance Scale (EMBU), Everyday Discrimination Scale and an essay question on the appropriation of the race category and another on reports of racism. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25.0 for Windows, and of them, measures of central tendency (means and standard deviations) and frequencies were calculated. To compare the groups of participants, the MANOVA test was applied. Qualitative data were analyzed based on content analysis, using the Atlas ti software. The result of the MANOVA test indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between white, brown and black people in relation to emotional support and parental rejection. As for the perception of discrimination, there was a statistically significant difference in the Unfair Treatment subscales [X²(2) = 17.360; p<0.001] and Personal Rejection [X²(2)=27.970; p<0.001]. The results indicated that the greatest variability of phenotypes was in the white category, racial identity was categorized into corporeal and symbolic, while family reports indicated who committed the racial violence, actions, duration, consequences and coping strategies. It is expected to contribute to the anti-racist movement by reflecting on socialization and mental health.
Uma proposta de ensino de astronomia observacional com o instrumento Projetor Estelar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Silva, Matheus Navi dos Santos; Carvalho Neto, João Teles de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8622059450756991; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4248526337902160
The teaching of astronomy encompasses a wide range of concepts in its scope and is largely supported by educational instruments, as these allow for a better understanding and/or visualization of celestial phenomena. To complement this scenario, we indicate and discuss the educational possibilities of a new apparatus, which was developed by us and called Stellar Projector, which is composed of a set of electric motors that are automated and control the direction of a laser pointer. Based on the didactic potential of the apparatus, this work aims to develop didactic sequences aimed at non-formal education spaces, with a focus on observational astronomy. For this, we carried out a literature review to understand the area of astronomy teaching in Brazil, as well as an analysis of the main official documents that guide educational practices and the aspects that delimit the non-formal education spaces. To complement the process of observing the sky, we also use references from the history of science, seeking to make practices more humanized and establishing relationships between the cultural aspects of different peoples and astronomy. This theoretical study served as a basis for the elaboration of different educational practices that make up the didactic sequences. In the research methodology, we elucidated how the didactic sequences were made, which parameters and procedures were performed. We present in the didactic sequences the main concepts that can be explored by the Stellar Projector, such as dynamics of the celestial sphere, retrograde movement of the planets, ecliptic and movements of the Sun, phases of the Moon and constellations. In the final parts of this work we present an analysis of the practical tests carried out with the Stellar Projector and we make some considerations about developments and future projects that can be followed from this research.
Análise do desempenho de jogadoras de Handebol do Campeonato Mundial Feminino Juvenil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Beltramini, Júlia; Moura, Maria Sílvia de Assis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9410151859448447; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6543741421858925
Athlete performance analysis has become increasingly relevant for In different sports, handball is no different. To perform data classification cluster analysis is a great option. Will be used in this work, some grouping techniques, such as hierarchical methods and non-hierarchical methods, with the objective of grouping and analyzing the performance of youth handball players who participated in the world championship. Among the aforementioned methods, the Ward method and the K-means algorithm obtained very similar results and consistent with the our objective, when we use the first five dimensions obtained by the analysis of main components. Finally, the four groups obtained were characterized by observing these first five main components.
Efeitos dos nanomateriais Óxido de Grafeno e Óxido de Grafeno Reduzido sobre a linhagem celular de fígado de Danio rerio, ZFL
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Siqueira, Priscila Rodrigues de; Souza, Jaqueline Pérola de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2320506014760329; Fernandes, Marisa Narciso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2052416811090234
Graphene nanomaterial and its variations such as graphene oxide (GO, graphene oxide) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO, reduced graphene oxide) have been widely studied and can be used in several areas, including bacterial inhibition, drug administration (drug delivery), photothermal therapy and bioremediation of aquatic environments, among other applications. Thus, aquatic environments and their compartments will be fatally affected by these nanomaterials, representing high risks for aquatic biota, as well as for human health. In these environments, GO remains stable for a long time and rGO, which is unstable when suspended in ultrapure water, becomes more stable in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM), being more stable than GO in these conditions. In addition, recent studies have shown that GO can be reduced to rGO by exposure to sunlight and bacterial degradation, as well as by the presence of metals such as aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) and by sulfur-based inorganic reducers. The response of aquatic organisms, resulting from exposure to GO and rGO, is still poorly understood. In the present study, eight concentrations of the nanomaterials GO and rGO were tested in zebrafish liver cells (ZFL) on a scale of 0.001 to 100 μg mL-1, with exposures of 24 and 72 hours. The absorption of GO and rGO cells by ZFL, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell viability and death, as well as catalase activity (CAT) and S-transferase glutathione (GST) enzymes, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH), were investigated. Lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity were also investigated. GO and rGO showed lower absorption of proteins on their surface and GO adsorption more proteins than rGO. rGO nanosheets are smaller than GO nanosheets, and their hydrophobic characteristic favors their interaction with the cell membrane and, consequently, their entry into cells. Exposure to rGO generated higher ROS production than GO and caused more damage, evidencing greater toxicity of rGO. ZFL cells were able to combat the effects of GO by showing recovery after 72 hours of exposure, while exposure to rGO stopped cell replication at high concentrations. The exposure to low concentrations of rGO caused oxidative stress, loss of antioxidant capacity, and genotoxic damage. Exposure to rGO was harmful to ZFL cells within 24 hours and 72 hours of exposure.
Aplicações das funções exponenciais e logarítmicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Rodrigues, Cristiano Santini; Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1564474173180218
This work aims to provide, within the Teaching of Mathematics, a greater interest, on the part of students, in the study of logarithms and their inverse, exponentials, based on the development of activities based on didactic hypotheses, involving problems and exercises within the scope of an understanding of the properties of these functions and analyzing the interdisciplinarity between disciplines, providing a meaningful and quality teaching.
Altas habilidades ou superdotação na área artística: revisão bibliográfica em bancos de dados com pesquisas nacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Santos, Rosilaine dos; Rangni, Rosemeire de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399149504309769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2223029644293695
Throughout human history, many people have been considered, often by common sense, to be very intelligent even geniuses, because they have excelled in some way in one or more Fields of ability. The artistic area is among them, since Art is considered an important process of human evolution. Art is not a collection of beautiful objects, but an inner experience with responses to the outside world, depending on the viewer's interpretation, and it is public and not a private phenomenon. Thus, with a qualitative analysis, the aim of the present research is to investigate and analyze the existing bibliographic production on High Abilities or Giftedness (AHSD) in the artistic field in the Brazilian scenario. A bibliographic review was carried out with searches for scientific productions at databases of national researches, such as: Portal de Periódicos da CAPES; Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD); Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Google Acadêmico between 2010 and 2020. As results were found seven (07) productions, being two (02) dissertations, three (03) articles and two (02) course completion papers. Of these productions, three (03) were developed at the University of Brasilia (UNB). Also, it is conclusive that few studies were found on AHSD in the artistic field in Brazil, which reveals that the theme needs to be further explored.
Viver na tora: trabalho ambulante e estratégias de vida nas encruzilhadas da gestão contemporânea do comércio popular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Araújo Filho, Tarcísio Perdigão; Georges, Isabel Pauline Hildegard; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8496471825849003; Rizek, Cibele Saliba; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0540870380815135; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5572951525210412
This thesis discusses the contemporaneity of street vending, taking into account its transformations and permanences. Based on the case study of the city of Belo Horizonte, it aims to re-establish the outlook on street commerce by analyzing how labor processes are affected by the mecanisms of control. Given the production of multiple subjectivities, the research captures the configuration of the life strategies of individuals who are members of the urban popular classes in the context of contemporary capitalism. The research was based on ethnographic incursions focused on the monitoring of work routines and in-depth interviews with a biographical approach. The empirical focus was on clandestine street vendors, locally called toreros. The dispositions and forms of action of the toreros are still fundamental for the functioning of various markets At the same time they stress the enforcement procedures of regulatory policies. The study with this approach provides a perspective "from the margins" on the production of urban planning. The research analyzes the formation and operation of mechanisms that characterize the contemporary management of popular commerce, as well as the markets that they sustain and depend on to continue operating. Such mechanisms are found in urban policies that aim to "modernize" popular commerce by relocating street vendors to shopping centers created for this purpose, the shopping populares. The actors involved in this policy also claim that they would thus be converting informal workers into entrepreneurs. In this sense, state repression against street vendors plays a fundamental role in sustaining a "urban solutions" privatized market through which a multiplicity of actors extract economic and political gains. The persistence of vendors in occupying public spaces is a inherent factor of the urban growth and the capitalist accumulation. Toreros constantly seek to appropriate the circunstancial spatialities, legalities/formalities, and moralities as resources in order to legitimate their activities and remain active. The set of factors underlying the permanence of street vending in urban centers also informs about the different ways in which activities are carried out, the collective arrangements, hierarchies, and the ways in which this work is subjectively conceived by those who practice it. The analysis of trajectories allowed for the examination of narratives about work in articulation with other "struggles" engaged in by the individuals, related to other dimensions of life reproduction. Therefore, the thesis also discusses the multiplicity of rationalities mobilized by the individuals when they elaborate meanings to their "life crossroads". The matter of street commerce is constructed, finally, beyond the local scope. It constitutes a key element to understand the connections between urban planning policies, "the social question" and the mercantilization of poverty in its transnational extensions. Informality, precariousness, and poverty acquire new functionalities in contemporary context of capitalism, while the dimension of work is readjusted.
"Eu quero é que se exploda a periferia toda": análise da crítica à ideologia neoliberal expressa na canção "Classe média", de Max Gonzaga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Campos, Roberta Carvalho Pereira; Machado, Adelcio Camilo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4163948825825308; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0367188363367779
The object of this research is the song "Classe Média". Through the recognition of its musical and poetic elements, we intended to verify how the neoliberal ideology is portrayed in the song. The proposal was based on the concept of critical song by Santuza Naves (2010), as well as other authors who recognized the presence of critical elements in popular songs. To understand the content of the song's lyrics, the main reference was the book by Jessé Souza (2018), which deals with the context and process of socio-historical formation of the Brazilian middle class. The musical analysis was carried out from the transcription of its melodic line and harmony, which were examined through the perspective of song semiotics as proposed by Tatit (2002), but also considering aspects of vocal behavior as discussed by Machado (2012, 2013). The study of this song revealed the presence of irony in the description of this middle-class subject, the contrast between his ideal of distinction and his less favorable economic condition, his criticism of the State and his alignment with discourses produced by the media. The research also showed how the musical elements sometimes reinforced the lightness of this ironic lyrics, but in other moments brought up a certain tension that favored a reflection on the discussed themes.
Cellulose nanomaterials isolated via enzymatic and mechanical routes for application in hydrogels
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Carvalho, Paula Squinca de; Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018; Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4263468711432339
The integrated production of different bioproducts has been considered essential to make biorefineries economically viable. Among the bioproducts, cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) have attracted significant attention due to their attractive properties and wide spectrum of applications. The use of enzymes to isolate cellulose nanomaterials have gained growing interests mainly associated with the milder operational conditions and the selectivity and specificity of these biocatalysts. However, the available commercial enzymatic preparations are not optimized for this purpose yet. Besides, exploiting agro-industrial residues as feedstock to nanomaterials production is another advantageous strategy from environmental and economic point of views. Within this context, cellulose nanomaterials were isolated through enzymatic and mechanical routes for applications in manufacture of hydrogels. Enzymes were produced by Aspergillus niger under solid-state fermentation and applied to obtain the CNs via enzymatic hydrolysis followed by sonication using eucalyptus cellulose pulp as a model feedstock. The condition that resulted in the highest yield of cellulose nanocrystals isolation was determined through central composite rotational design and the nanomaterials presented high crystallinity index and good thermal stability. The ginger residue was used as feedstock to obtain cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) by mechanical treatment and applied to prepare hydrogels through vacuum-assisted filtration. The hydrogels presented transparency, biocompatibility, tunable liquid absorption, flexibility combined with good mechanical stability in moist conditions, and antimicrobial performance showing to be promising materials for wound dressing applications. In the final part of the thesis, cellulose nanomaterials produced with commercial and non-commercial enzymes were incorporated into gelatin-based hydrogels which were prepared by solvent casting using tannic acid as crosslinker and ginger essential oil to increase the antimicrobial properties. The hydrogels inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the cellulose nanomaterials obtained with non-commercial enzymes better contributed to their structural integrity. These results provided a proof of concept that cellulose nanomaterials can be efficiently obtained using non-commercial enzymes and applied in hydrogel manufacture. Meanwhile, for an already established route, hydrogels totally based on nanofibrils extracted from ginger showed important properties to be used as wound dressing.
Coprocessamento de resíduos industriais em fornos de clínquer: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Silva, Zilda Conceição da; Carvalho, Mayara de Almeida Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6211067303954955; Oliveira, Luciana Camargo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238603150964753; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7350202914228704
With the advance of industrialization, meeting the current demands of a society that is increasingly avid for consumption ends up generating serious consequences, such as the increase in wastes from industrial processes, as well as the need to dispose them. In this context it is included co-processing, which makes use of wastes as raw materials and also in energy replacement, based on the concept of energy recycling, aiming at such wastes no longer be a problem, but rather part of the solution, as in the replacement of fossil fuels. Due to the fact that such residues present potential hazards, a rigorous control of the process must be made, to assure compliance with the pre-defined safe limits. Thus, in this work, a systematic literature review was carried out, in order to identify the potential risks of industrial waste co-processing in clinker kilns. The methodology was based on using the ScienceDirect database, with specific results filters. The results obtained indicated the main potential risks: persistent organic pollutants (POPs), potentially toxic elements (old name for heavy metals), greenhouse gases (GHG) and carbon dioxide emissions. POPs can be generated more frequently with the use of industrial waste and require strict control of their effective destruction, due to their toxicity. Potentially toxic elements, due to the high potential of risk to the environment and health, must be controlled at entry and exit, so that their emissions be at levels considered acceptable. GHG and CO2 are emitted in the conventional cement manufacturing process and using co-processing, however, in co-processing, there is a reduction in the emission of these gases, by replacing conventional fuels. Furthermore, the addition of compounds from the inorganic part of the residue can or cannot interfere on some cement properties, due to the specific characteristics of these compounds, which may cause unsettling changes, depending on the residue´s composition. The surroundings of cement plants, as well as the health of workers must be routinely monitored, in order to avoid contamination of the environment and workers by compounds, which can be emitted in different ways, when co-processing takes part in the process. Thus, considering the environmental and health risks that co-processing can generate, it is pivotal to effectively control all the steps, aiming to make it as safe as possible and consolidate the main objective of this activity, which is the energy recycling for environmental benefit, with a better understanding of the potential risks of co-processing industrial waste.
Interação entre resíduo da matéria orgânica natural e metais potencialmente tóxicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Jacundino, Jonas Soares; Oliveira, Luciana Camargo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238603150964753; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9821002769127934
The contribution of potentially toxic metals in aquatic systems, whether of natural or anthropogenic origin, is an issue that has been worrying the Scientific Community over the years. This is mainly due to the wide applicability and toxicity of these species, in addition to not being chemically or biologically degraded, cycling through the environment. Substances capable of interacting with these metals, influencing their input, transport and (bio)availability are of great environmental interest. Among the main natural organic complexing agents present in natural ecosystems, humic substances (HS) stand out. The HS have an operational definition and can be obtained by alkaline extraction, for example, from matrices such as soils and sediments. After the extraction process, a poorly soluble fraction is also generated, which is often discarded, and the soluble fractions of HS called humic and fulvic acids are widely used. Thus, showing an applicability for this poorly soluble material is of economic, social and environmental interest, since it reduces the amount of waste generated without specific applicability. This poorly soluble fraction, called in this work as Residue Of Natural Organic Matter (RO-NOM) has promising characteristics to function as a chelating resin for organic and inorganic species, including potentially toxic metals (PTM). Thus, in this work, the characterization of RMON obtained after alkaline extraction from different soils collected in different regions through the techniques of Visible Ultraviolet (UV-VIS), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and Nuclear Resonance Magnetic (NMR), and interaction of these residues with potentially toxic metals (copper and chromium) at different pH was also evaluated, aiming at its application as a chelating resin for remediation of contaminated matrices. A tangential ultrafiltration system was used to verify the interaction between RO-NOM and PTM. The results obtained indicated that the RO-NOM has distinct characteristics, and the RO-NOM extracted from State of São Paulo has higher organic matter content and greater retention of the evaluated PTM. The pH 6 indicated the highest retention of copper and chromium PTM. With the very satisfactory results obtained, the promising potential of the applicability of RO-NOM in natural systems can be evidenced.
Diagnóstico geral das atividades antropogênicas e dos problemas ambientais associados em uma sub-bacia hidrográfica de primeira ordem inserida na Fazenda Lagoa do Sino - UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Coelho, Gabriella de Jesus Silva; ; Rotta, Cláudia Marisse dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8142167187580488; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6013684178414850
The study of environmental changes resulting from the agricultural activities sector is important to ensure the quality of life, conservation of natural resources and the planning of proper use and management of these resources. In this way, the productive capacity of soils and the quality of water resources can be maintained together with environmental conservation, enabling sustainable development, without proven and irreparable damage to the environment. In this context, the present work had as main objective the characterization of the different land uses of a first order hydrographic sub-basin located in the city of Buri (SP), as well as the determination of the environmental problems associated with them. At first, a study area and its drainage system were previously delimited. Subsequently, based on photointerpretation spatial and temporal assessments associated with field works were carried out, which allowed the preparation of relevant cartographic documents, as well as an inventory of the environmental problems and agricultural management techniques identified. The results obtained in the different stages made it possible to draw hypotheses to the origin of the identified problems and correlate them with the activities of use and occupation. It was also possible to assess the efficiency of agricultural management techniques already implemented, aimed at correcting, mitigating and/or recovering environmental problems. After analyzing the results, it was possible to indicate conservation practices for correction, mitigation and/or recovery of the environmental problems verified in the area. Finally, it was verified that a sub-basin is mostly composed of irrigated and rainfed agriculture, which occupy 59.87% of the total area, and have considerable environmental problems, especially the reduction of water availability. In general, these environmental problems reflect the application of inadequate agricultural management practices, which indicates the need for environmental adequacy, in terms of sustainability and legislation.
O papel da melatonina no hipotálamo lateral/área perifornicial (LH/PFA) na resposta ventilatória à hipercapnia em ratos durante o sono e vigília
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-10) Salata, Bruno; Dias, Mirela Barros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3203493045928389; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4310688998847214
The lateral hypothalamus and perifornicial area (LH/PFA) contain neurons involved in the central hypercapnic ventilatory response. Orexinergic neurons have been attributed to the CO2 chemosensitive function of this region, but much still needs to be investigated regarding to local neurochemical mechanisms, in LH/PFA, in the modulation of the central hypercapnic chemoreflex. Evidence points to the involvement of melatonin in the modulation of the activity of LH/PFA neurons, however the possible participation of melatonin, acting on LH/PFA, in the central hypercapnic chemoreflex had not yet been investigated. Thus, we recorded pulmonary ventilation, EEG, EMG and body temperature (Tb) in non-anesthetized rats, in a whole-body plethysmography system and studied the effects of the microinjection of melatonin (20mM) into the LH/PFA of conscious rats on ventilation in room air and in 7% CO2. The microinjection of melatonin increased the CO2 ventilatory responses of rats during wakefulness. Our data suggest that melatonin in the LH/PFA contributes to the hypercapnic ventilatory response in unanesthetized rats, in a state-dependent manner.