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Solubilização de fosfato natural para a cana-de-açúcar pela levedura rizosférica Torulaspora globosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-22) Poncio, Aline; Mariano, Eduardo Dal Ava; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0465944663357275; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848643560899780
Many Brazilian soils have a widespread low availability of phosphorus (P) to plants, a condition that leads to the need of frequent phosphate fertilization to ensure economically viable agricultural production. However, the continuous application of large amounts of soluble P for long periods has led to a high retention and accumulation of this nutrient in the soil, with low utilization by plants over time. Despite having low water solubility, natural phosphates (FNs) have had their use increased in recent years, considering that have a lower cost and equivalent potential of industrialized phosphates. This potential does not only depend on their characteristics, but also on the attributes of the soil-microorganism-plant system where they are applied. There are several groups of microorganisms in the rhizosphere that show competence to extract and/or solubilize fractions of soil P and inorganic FNs with low solubility, including fungi and yeasts - these are called phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yeast capacity to solubilize P and make it available for the nutrition of sugarcane plants. Experiments were carried out and the yeast was cultivated in vitro (in a laboratory) and ex vitro (in a greenhouse). During in vitro assays in liquid culture medium NBRIP treatments with addition of yeast and different sources of phosphate were tested in incubation for five days at 25ºC and 160 rpm. The concentration of soluble P (molybdenum blue method) and the pH of the culture medium were measured on the day of assembly of the assays and after five days of incubation. In the ex vitro tests, sugarcane plants were cultivated in pots with soil fertilized with FN and inoculated with Torulaspora globosa. Pots with soil without addition of P and with addition of Monocalcium Phosphate (FM) were used as control. After plant cultivation, root and shoot dry biomass, leaf length, number of leaves of each plant, observation of spores in the soil, evaluation of mycorrhizal colonization and analysis of P and Ca concentration in the root and in the aerial part of the plant were measured. During the in vitro assays there was an increase in the acidification of the culture medium in the presence of FN and yeast. Furthermore, the yeast T. globosa was responsible for a significant increase in the concentration of soluble P in the NBRIP culture medium in treatments with yeast and rock phosphate. In ex vitro assays, no significant interaction was found between phosphate and yeast factors in the analyzes performed. After the cultivation of sugarcane plants, the treatment with FM showed higher values of aerial parts growth, dry biomass and concentration of P in the aerial part. The potential of FNs solubilization by the yeast T. globosa should continue to be evaluated, mainly in tests carried out ex vitro.
Análise comparativa entre algoritmos de agrupamento e de detecção de comunidades em redes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-22) Querobim, Jhonata Nicolas Carvalho; Valejo, Alan Demétrius Baria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9546164790189830; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1741351798892726
Clustering is one of the most notorious Machine Learning techniques and has an infinite number of practical applications in different areas of knowledge. Understanding the types of approaches and their characteristics is essential for successful clustering. In this context, in addition to traditional clustering algorithms such as DBSCAN, an approach that has gained notoriety in the literature is network-based clustering algorithms, which build a network from data and use communities to find groups. The purpose of this study is to carry out a comparative analysis between clustering algorithms and community detection algorithms in experiments performed with an artificially generated database. In addition, an analysis of the impact of graph generation algorithms on the performance of community detection algorithms was performed. For the results, the Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) was calculated, one of the main metrics in the performance evaluation in clustering problems. In the results of the experiments it was analyzed wheter, even with a difference in the algorithm performance, such difference represents or not a statistical difference. The results showed that community detection algorithms are a viable alternative and can outperform traditional clustering algorithms in some scenarios.
Aulas práticas de Microbiologia online para alunos de graduação em Ciências Biológicas: elaboração de materiais didáticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-22) Azevedo, Mariana Amaral; Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9583170436229236
Limitations due to the restrictions imposed as a measure to contain the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19, face-to-face classes were suspended and remote teaching was used. Thus, the discipline of Microbiology of Prokaryotes at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) offered to undergraduate students in Biological Sciences were adapted to be taught online. However, 50% of the workload of this class corresponds to practical classes in a didactic laboratory. Thus, the objective of this project was to adapt the handout of practical lessons scripts for online teaching, as well as the preparation of video lessons with laboratory practices. The content and script of the videos were based on microbiology textbooks, totalling the production of five videos on the themes: Gram stain, antibiogram, traditional techniques in microbiology, and asepsis. This discipline was taught to 45 students from Biological Sciences courses (undergraduate and bachelor's degree) and these were awarded the material produced. At the end of the offer period, a questionnaire was sent to all students for the evaluation of the online classes, including the quality of the handout and audio-visual material. In the end, 23 students answered the questionnaire, and of these, 100% said that the quality of the videos was Good or Very Good, and they helped to adapt and adjust resources for the negative impacts of not offering in-person classes. The handout and videos available are being used as a teaching tool in current offers. It is noteworthy that audio-visual materials are an important tool for remote teaching. These materials are also adopted as a learning tool in face-to-face teaching.
Democracia, sociedade civil e lobby no Brasil: um mapeamento da literatura (2000-2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-22) Coli, Gustavo Castelane; Albrecht, Nayara Fátima Macedo de Medeiros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1314698464114387; Ribeiro, Pedro José Floriano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6336151484882362; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6338347309196501
The theme of this work refers to the relationship between lobbying and democracy in Brazil, with a focus on political practices and strategies. This study aims to map the Brazilian research literature of civil society and lobbying through the repository of CAPES. By employing an integrative literature review, I approach theoretical reflections on the relationship between civil society and the State and studies on lobbying and pressure politics. It seeks to compare the specialized literature on civil society and pressure politics (lobbying) to verify how these studies frame lobbying and the relations between this repertoire and other types of political organizations or actions.
Relações entre Agroecologia e Comunidades de Aprendizagem: um estudo de caso na Associação Guadalupe Agroecológica (Alta Floresta, MT)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-22) Santos, Raul Micheleto Coca dos; Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0080353709980071; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8076637285356646
Agribusiness and the conventional agricultural production method are associated with a series of environmental impacts, resulting in the loss of habitats, contamination of water and soil resources, desertification of large areas, among others. In view of this, in recent decades there has been a growing number of people, both individuals and collectives, seeking to promote changes in society through greater sustainability and critical thinking. Among the various forms of collective action are communities, ecovillages, quilombos and rural and urban settlements, with agroecology being an important theoretical and practical basis. In the field of education, Learning Communities appear as an alternative to the traditional way of teaching, promoting a school functioning that brings together fathers, mothers, family members and residents of the surroundings of the school. In this sense, the present work aimed to present concepts related to Learning Communities, linking them to the notion of agroecology, using for this the bibliographical research in the area and a case study carried out from a field experience carried out in 2020 in the Nossa community Senhora do Guadalupe, municipality of Alta Floresta – MT. It was observed that the investigated community, consisting of about 50 families, founded the Guadalupe Agroecological Association (AGuA) in 2014 as a way of facing the social and environmental challenges arising from agriculture that is strongly present in the area. In 2014, the Ciranda da Terra community school was created, which is included in the field of Learning Communities. It is concluded that agroecology and Learning Communities are two pillars for the studied community, shaping their practices and values in line with the construction of a more tolerant, egalitarian and sustainable society.
Efeitos da eletroestimulação neuromuscular de corpo inteiro associada ao exercício dinâmico na composição corporal, na capacidade funcional e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca após a cirurgia bariátrica em indivíduos com obesidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-22) Ricci, Paula Angélica; Di Thommazo-Luporini, Luciana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3990285037066747; Silva, Audrey Borghi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0234035256976156
Obesity is considered a chronic disease, with several associated risk factors. Changes in the metabolic and lipid profile, excess body fat and impairments in functional capacity are usually present in obese individuals. Therefore, the functional assessment as well as the effects of rehabilitation interventions can be of special relevance for these patients, especially after surgical interventions. In this context, the first study entitled "Responses of different functional tests in candidates for bariatric surgery and the association with body composition, metabolic and lipid profile" was carried out, which aimed to analyze whether body composition, metabolic and lipid profile influence performance maximal and submaximal of individuals with obesity, as well as investigating the responses of these variables in different functional tests. We evaluated candidates for Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery, men and women, aged between 18 and 50 years, who underwent an incremental treadmill test (ITMT), six-minute walk test (6MWT) and two-minute step test (2MST), in addition to the analysis of body composition, metabolic and lipid profile. We found that changes in body composition and metabolic and lipid profile compromise the functional capacity of these individuals. In addition, the ITMT generated greater metabolic, ventilatory and cardiovascular demand when compared to the 2MST and 6MWT, as well as the 2MST requires greater metabolic and chronotropic demand when compared to the 6MWT. Subsequently, we proposed an intervention protocol for these individuals after bariatric surgery, consisting of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) and dynamic exercises. Therefore, the aim of our second study, entitled "Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation associated with dynamic exercise on functional capacity and heart rate variability after bariatric surgery: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study" was to analyze the effects of this intervention performed for six weeks, early, compared to a Sham group, who performed only the dynamic exercises, with the electrical current turned off. In this study, we concluded that the application of WB-EMS was able to reduce body mass index and improve functional capacity, as assessed by the 6MWT, when compared to Sham. However, the WB-EMS did not enhance the effects of exercises on cardiac autonomic modulation. Finally, the third study entitled “Is dynamic exercise associated with whole-body electromyostimulation effective in improving aerobic capacity after bariatric surgery? A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial" aimed to analyze the impact of this same intervention protocol on the aerobic capacity, body composition, anxiety level and sleep quality of these individuals early after bariatric surgery. Finally, we demonstrated that the WB-EMS was able to improve the exercise performance observed by the greater test tolerance (in time, and greater distance covered) in cardiopulmonary exercise test, in addition to demonstrating better responses in blood pressure and lower limb fatigue during test recovery. However, the WB-EMS did not potentiate the effects of exercises in relation to oxygen uptake, body composition, anxiety levels and sleep quality, as both groups showed improvements in these variables.
Potencial citotóxico do extrato de piretro encapsulado em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas no intestino de Tetragonisca angustula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-22) Araújo, Isabelle Christine Corrêa de; Oliveira, Cristiane Ronchi de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2825402039218602; Silva-Zacarin, Elaine Cristina Mathias da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3993998796939609; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8066243985846337
Bees are exposed to a wide variety of pesticides during a foraging activity, such as pyrethroids, a chemical group of neurotoxic pesticides that affect like bees by causing damage to health and reducing the deficiency of disorders. Although ecotoxicological studies focus on the model species Apis mellifera, as native bees they are also exposed to pesticides and still have a different sensitivity to these substances, such as a species Tetragonisca angustula, a native stingless bee that has great potential for pollination of natural systems. In this sense, alternatives for the harmful effects of pesticides on bees can be found in the use of botanical insecticides and nanopesticides. Thus, this study aimed to diagnose the cytotoxic effects of the botanical insecticide pyrethrum extract on the midgut of T. angustula and its comparison with the insecticide encapsulated in solid and complete lipid nanoparticle and with the additional commercial deltamethrin. For this, workers of T. angustula were collected at the entrance of their colonies and submitted to oral exposure bioassay, being tested seven experimental groups in triplicate: Control, Acetone Control, Pure pyrethrum extract, Pyrethrum carried in nanoparticle, Isolated nanoparticle, Acetate of polyvinyl and Deltamethrin. After 48 hours of continuous exposure, the bees were subjected to dissection to remove the intestines, which were processed for microtomy and subsequent histological analysis. The slides containing the histological sections of each individual were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and analyzed for diagnosis of histological changes in the midgut. The semiquantitative results indicate that the pyrethrum extract was less cytotoxic than deltamethrin, but it did not differ with the pyrethrum encapsulated in the nanoparticle. It is concluded that the pure and nanoencapsulated botanical insecticide may represent a safer alternative for bees compared to synthetic pesticides.
Efeitos da pandemia do Covid-19 na qualidade dos itens retornados: um estudo de caso em uma empresa de bebidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-22) Fonseca, Marina Luz; Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823047207711289; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-5065
With the COVID-19 pandemic, which arrived in Brazil in mid-February 2020, the country has been going through a major health crisis and has been facing structural and economic problems that affected - and continues to affect - companies from different segments, not differing from companies in the food sector, including the beverages industries. With bars and restaurants with intermittent operation, several containers that should have returned to the factories, suffered degradation due to the time spent in the market, a fact that negatively affects the turnover indicator and the quality of the packaging in question. Given the circumstances, this paper, analyzes the role of reverse logistics and the quality of returnable packaging of a beverage company in the face of a pandemic, in comparison with the non-pandemic scenario. The study addresses the improvement of the reverse channels of returnable 1L containers in an atypical context, which has variations in the volume and worsens in returned containers quality, which is highly desirable in terms of sustainability and economy for companies. The results reveal that the closing of commercial establishments during the critical months of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021 affected the quality of working assets and harmed the Reverse Logistics process, in operational terms, for the company. Thus, the research contributed by bringing several challenges and lessons learned by the company during the pandemic, which resulted in optimizations in the RL process. In addition, it was important to observe how working with returnable packaging with quality is extremely relevant, resulting in reduced costs for the company, reducing the need to exploit resources for the production of new packaging and guaranteeing the safety of the final consumer.
Detecção automática de postagens possivelmente depressivas em redes sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-22) Mendes, Augusto Rozendo; Caseli, Helena de Medeiros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5946718305128982
Currently, depression is one of the most worrisome mental health issues. In Brazil, in 2019, 10.2% of the adult population reported having been diagnosed with depression according to data from the National Health Survey. Identifying people with a possible depressive profile allows adequate monitoring by mental health professionals. In this sense, online social networks such as Twitter can be important allies. This monography presents experiments carried out for the automatic classification of Twitter posts (or a collection of posts produced by a given user) containing content that denotes some symptom of depression, as well as classification of depressive posts and users through an ensemble model composed of symptom classifiers. Logistic regression showed the best results in both symptom and depression classification tasks (average F 1 equal to 57% for the former, F 1 equal to 64% for the latter). This work is part of the Amive project (FAPESP Regular Grant #20/05157-9).
Revisão bibliométrica sobre o uso da análise de variância e de sobrevivência em estudos de germinação de sementes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-22) Roesler, Gustavo Dutra; Forti, Victor Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5742976162363922; Rodrigues, Josiane; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3439155677456557; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8207097222933930
Scientific studies with seeds are developed for a wide range of purposes, and statistical analysis of data is an essential component for reliability and experimental proof. Among the statistical methods adopted, the analysis of variance followed by the application of means tests presents itself as the main tool, however, due to the characteristics of the seed data, other methods can be applied, among which is the survival analysis. Therefore, this work aimed to verify, based on a bibliometric analysis, the use of analysis of variance and survival analysis in studies with seed germination and to examine the applications of survival analysis in original articles from the database Web of Science, for the period 2000 to 2020. The search strategy consisted of indexing terms for each type of statistical analysis (analysis of variance and survival analysis) by boolean and truncation operators, restricting the search to original articles. In the study were evaluated quantitatively the relationships of publications between areas of knowledge, annual evolution of scientific production, countries and journals in which the articles were published and research institutions responsible for carrying out the studies and, qualitatively, the general application in studies of germination, emergence and/or vigor. Furthermore, the publications were also classified according to the themes and potential for applying survival analysis in studies in seed science: Physiological Studies, Plant Ecology, Seed Dispersion, Weed Management and Methodological Propositions. It was observed that the application of the analysis of variance was 9 times higher compared to the survival analysis for the analyzed period, with emphasis on articles linked to journals or researchers in Brazil (46.70%). As for the analysis of survival, the USA was the country with the highest productivity in publications (40.63%), with research mainly related to studies in Plant Ecology and Physiology. As for the applicability of the survival analysis were verified, with higher frequency, tests involving the evaluation of factors influencing dormancy, physiological stresses, dispersal capacity, population differences and developmental habitats that affected, to a greater or lesser extent, seed germination.
Controle de Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum acutatum e Phyllosticta citricarpa com os produtos Duque® , Flavon® E Straike® em Citros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-22) Souza, Gabriel Milton Dias de; Azevedo, Fernando Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0574692206149746; Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6623193710607120; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1022079559133155
The cultivation of citrus is responsible for the development of regions and municipalities Brazilians, standing out worldwide for the production of oranges and the export of your juice. Phytosanitary requirements for export, as well as the loss of effectiveness of certain agricultural pesticides are factors that make the search for management programs and alternative control measures for crop diseases. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of organomineral fertilizers Flavon® and Straike® and Duque® non-ionic adjuvant in the control of pathogens Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum acutatum and Phyllosticta citricarpa, as well as evaluate the selectivity of products to citrus culture. For this, were carried out three experiments. In the first, the in vitro fungal inhibition of the Duque® product was tested in relation to the three pathogens. The second experiment evaluated the effectiveness of Duque®, Flavon® and Straike® products in the control of Alternaria alternata, through product applications in Ponkan mandarin orchards grafted on Rangpur lemon. In the third trial, the efficacy of the Duque® and Flavon® products in the control was evaluated of Colletotrichum acutatum through the application of the products in acid lime orchard Tahiti grafted on Flying Dragon trifoliate. Field experiments had randomized block design, consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications, whose plots had 10 plants of which 4 central plants were evaluated. The results were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test, comparing the means using the Scott-Knott test (5%). The results obtained demonstrated that the Duque® product controlled the mycelial growth of the three pathogens in tests in vitro, highlighting the dose of 1.5 L ha-1 with greater inhibition of mycelial growth in P. citricarpa and C. acutatum. It was observed that Duque® and Flavon® products showed significant control of the incidence of Alternaria alternata on the leaves, however, they did not differ from the control in the results for severity in the leaves and in the fruits, and incidence in the fruits. Duque® products (1.0 and 1.5 L ha-1 ) and Flavon® (1.0 L ha-1 ) proved to be superior to the control in controlling the incidence of Colletotrichum acutatum in flowers, as well as the reduction of retained calyxes. already in evaluation of fixed fruits, only the doses of Duque® showed increments in the fixation of the fruits. The three products promoted increases in the productivity of the Tahiti acid lime. Furthermore, Duque®, Flavon® and Straike® proved to be selective to Ponkan mandarin, as well as Duque® and Flavon® did not show symptoms of phytotoxicity to Tahiti lime plants.
O desenvolvimento integral das crianças menores de 3 anos na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-22) Espego, Gabriela Fernanda; Hai, Alessandra Arce; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3845288858275245
The discussion made in this work revolves around how we can provide a comprehensive development of children under three years old in Early Childhood Education institutions, aiming to understand and learn from Brazilian works published in the form of scientific articles and books based on the Historical Cultural Theory such as children under three years of age develop and how we can educate them within Early Childhood Education institutions based on the discussions of Historical-Cultural Theory. From the contributions indicated, it is clear how much the presented theory is a fundamental and relevant concept in the world of early childhood education, given that it is a broad theory that contributes to various aspects of child development. The cultural-historical theory is a way to better education, learning and development of students. Whether through educating environments, an environment prepared and thought by the teacher for a rich stimulation of the students' development capacity, or through the games and games that are the main means of learning for these children, we realize that all aspects of that theory bring a view of the subject with potential, and the teacher, having a fundamental role as a mediator in the process, as it is in the effective participation of the student and in the organization of the teaching activity that the possibilities for development are defined.