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Personagens negras infantis: retalhos de histórias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-25)
Silva, Ayodele Floriano
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Abramowicz, Anete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2502752385941894
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6226777080239979
The present work aims to analyze and interpret the experiences of black children's characters from contemporary children's literature books present in the collection of Literatura Infantil Negra e a Primeira Infância project. Therefore, I mobilized the following concepts from Literary Theory and the field of Children's Literature: literature, central character, space, time, children's literature and narrative. In addition, I recovered some of the debates present in studies on ethnic-racial relations in children's and youth literature in Brazil. As a methodological procedure, I started with a bibliographical research consisting of four forms of reading: exploratory reading and selective reading of the collection, analytical reading and interpretive reading of selected books. In the third and fourth reading, the following books were analyzed and interpreted: Cheirinho de neném (SANTANA, 2011), Quero ser do meu tamanho (SÁTIRO, 2011), Alice vê (ROSA, 2013), O cabelo de Cora (CÂMARA, 2013), O mundo no black power de Tayó (OLIVEIRA, 2013), Iori descobre o sol – O sol descobre Iori (FAUSTINO, 2015), Amoras (EMICIDA, 2018), Bucala: a pequena princesa do quilombo de Cabula (NUNES, 2019), E foi assim que eu e a escuridão ficamos amigas (EMICIDA, 2020) e Meia Curta (FÉLIX, 2020). The central experiences of the black children's characters found were: fear of the dark, change of preference; becoming a big sister, body perception, racial discrimination and blackness. These experiences are both objective and subjective, taking place in a spatial (home, school, street, park and nature) and temporal (chronos, kairós and aión) multiplicity; and involve interactions with family members, other child characters, nature beings, mythical and imaginary beings.In the end, it was possible to conclude that these experiences showed two patterns.The first involves a set of experiences that can be experienced by children's characters from different ethnic-racial backgrounds, for example, fear of the dark. The second pattern is related to experiences linked to racism, which directly affected black children's characters, and to blackness, as a confrontation with this form of violence with the appreciation of black aesthetics and culture.
Pandemia e prisão: desencarceramento e atualização punitiva (2020-2021)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-26)
Silva, Raphael de Almeida
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Passamani, Guilherme Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8689179200408644
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Sinhoretto, Jacqueline
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490
The present dissertation has as its object the meanings that the practice of extrication expressed in the state field of conflict management during the Covid-19 pandemic and in response to the Unconstitutional State of Things in prisons. The objective is to understand if, in a scenario of health crisis, high rates of contagion and deaths from the coronavirus, the strategies adopted by rural actors tended to favor extrication as a practice of promoting the right to health and life, or if there was a strengthening of punitive and anti-human rights narratives. To this end, interviews, secondary data collection and analysis of documents prepared on pandemic and prison were carried out. The research findings, in general, express that there is a resurgence of punitive, authoritarian practices that violate the rights and guarantees of people deprived of their liberty.
Potencial fisiológico e sanidade de sementes de milho revestidas com quitosana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-26)
Zacharias, Marina Barros
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Forti, Victor Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5742976162363922
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Silva, Mariana Altenhofen da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8251375009305202
Several harmful effects to the environment can be attributed to indiscriminate use and disposal of non-renewable and non-biodegradable products. Chitosan is a biopolymer with excellent film forming properties that has been studied on seed coating. The objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan coating formulations (0.6-3.4% w/v chitosan and 0-0.6 g glycerol/g chitosan) on the quality of corn seeds (Zea mays L.) through the analysis of physical aspects (visual analysis of the coating, water content and 1,000-seed mass), physiological potential (germination test, germination speed index, seedling length, cold test, seedling emergence, seedling emergence speed index, seedling height and root and shoot dry matter mass) and health quality (Blotter test). Two coating methods were also tested (1 – drying the seeds immersed in the polymeric solution and 2 – drying after immersion and immediate withdraw of the seeds from the solution). In application method 1 there was no germination, therefore the results referred to application method 2. Chitosan coating solution associated with glycerol did not interfere in water content, 1,000-seed mass, germination and emergence percentage, cold test and root dry matter mass, but higher concentrations can reduce germination speed index, emergence speed index, seedling height and shoot dry matter mass. Coating in the selected condition (chitosan 2% and 0.3 g glycerol/g chitosan) reduced the occurrence of Penicillium spp. The potential use of chitosan as a coating on corn seeds was confirmed considering the physical aspects and without compromising the physiological potential.
Idosos na pandemia: investigando os significados de envelhecer e sua relação com o fazer artístico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-26)
Shimomichi, Yasmim Tami Paulino
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Câmara, Leonardo Cardoso Portela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0876503068661138
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2062941903129051
Aging is the natural path of life for all human beings. The accelerated global demographic transition requires attention to the new challenges that present themselves, especially in relation to expanding and improving health care for the elderly. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many eyes turned to these individuals, identified as a risk group for the disease. Even so, there is little space in our society to discuss the best way to assist this population, taking into account what the aging subjects themselves think. In this sense, the objective of this study was to investigate the meanings that the aging process has for those who age, as well as to analyze the way in which art can influence the construction of these meanings in the pandemic context. For this, narrative research was used to collect detailed life stories of two elderly participants who practiced some type of artistic activity. The treatment of the data was made from the analysis of the speech, allied to the psychoanalytic method. Based on the readings of the full transcripts of the interviews, it was possible to elaborate thematic categorizations, including the categories: a) old age; b) the COVID-19 pandemic and c) art. The importance of artistic activity as a form of expression and leisure in the lives of the elderly was confirmed, especially during the pandemic moment.
Combinando perfil operacional do software e perfil de teste para uma estratégia de teste aderente às necessidades dos usuários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-28)
Cavamura Júnior, Luiz
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Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
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Vincenzi, Auri Marcelo Rizzo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0611351138131709
The Software's Operational Profile (SOP) is a representation of how users use the software in practice, thus identifying the parts of the software most operated by the users. Since the reliability of a software depends on the context in which it is used, the SOP is employed in software reliability engineering. However, there are signs of a possible mismatch between the software's tested parts and the SOP. The objective of this work is to investigate the possible mismatch between the tested parts of the software and the SOP and how data extracted from the SOP can provide contributions to other test strategies not related to reliability testing. We performed experimental studies to obtain data that would allow achieving and materializing the objectives through publications throughout the doctoral period, providing the contributions of this research. The main contributions of this research are: i) Evidence that proves that there are significant variations in the way users operate the software even when performing the same operation that it is possible that there is a mismatch between the tested parts of the software and the SOP, and that failures can occur in parts of the SOP not tested; ii) Evidence that a test strategy based on merging an existing test suite with a test suite generated by an automated test data tool can decrease the mismatch but does not prevent this mismatch; iii) Presentation of the "Test Profile" concept; iv) Design and implementation of OPDaTe tool whose purpose is to contribute to reducing the mismatch between the SOP and the test profile through the automatic generation of executable test cases with test data obtained dynamically from the SOP; v) Conducting a systematic mapping and a systematic review of the literature that investigates the use of the SOP. The results obtained by the research show the relevance of SOP to software testing, making it possible to align testing strategies with the operational use of the software and, thus, be in line with the users' needs.
Processamento sensorial e engajamento nas rotinas infantis de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-28)
Elias, Carina Sousa
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Della Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448489426438006
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0070734946202776
Introduction: Occupations constitute a foundation of human existence, being represented by everyday activities carried out individually or in community and that promote meaning to life. As the child develops and the engagement continually expands, it results in a more satisfying life according to each age group. However, the impairment of skills in processing sensory information can impact the performance of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Objective: this study aimed to investigate the relationship between sensory processing and the engagement of autistic children from 2 to 5 years old in their routines. Method: it is a quantitative, descriptive and correlational methodology. Data collection took place through an online questionnaire, with the observation of the child's behavior from the point of view of their caregivers. Results: a total of 56 respondent family members were obtained, 30 of which were autistic children and 26 were typically developing (TD). Two instruments for the assessment of child development were applied, the SPM-P (Sensory Processing Measure – Preschool – Home Form) and the CEQ (Children's Engagement Questionnaire), and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics for verification of correlations. It was identified in the results that autistic children showed significant differences in relation to children with TD, in an inversely proportional correlation for the two variables, with the greater the difficulties in sensory processing, the lower the levels of engagement. It was also observed that from the decomposition of the influences of the child's demographic variables on engagement, children who were attended public or private schools showed greater engagement compared to children who did not attend school, and that engagement increases as age increases, regardless of the diagnosis for ASD or TD. Conclusion: it is suggested that future studies can include different age groups in order to increase the understanding of the needs of autistic people, based on the analysis of the impact of variables related to sensory processing and engagement in their daily lives. It is observed then that the use of strategies that increase the child's engagement in their routines is essential to promote greater learning, with the acquisition of new skills for participation in daily life.
Síntese de heterociclos nitrogenados através de reações de funcionalização C-H de azaarenos e avaliação da atividade antiparasitária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-28)
Borges, Natália Menezes Moreira
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0254938253205189
The neglected diseases caused by parasites, such as Chagas´ disease, sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis, affect thousands of people every year, mainly in tropical and underdeveloped countries. Due to the lack of efficient drugs for the treatment, these diseases lead many of the infected to death. Thus, the development of new methods for the synthesis and functionalization of compounds with potential antiparasitic activity is of great importance. Among the organic compounds which draws attention from the medicinal chemistry point of view, the nitrogen heterocycles constitute a class of privileged compounds due to their wide variety of biological activities. The quinazolines and isoquinolines, for example, are widely studied, since their structure are present in many bioactive compounds. Quinazolines, in particular, have had their antiparasitic activities studied and reported. The C-H functionalization reactions have emerged as an important tool for the functionalization of N-heterocycles. These reactions allow the increase of structural diversity without the use of previously functionalized molecules. Thus, it is possible to obtain a diverse library of compounds in a reduced number of steps, implying in the reduction of reactants and waste generation. Among the reactions named as C-H functionalization, the reactions involving C(sp3)-H bonds of azaarenes have been widely studied in recent years, once they allow direct functionalization without the use of harsh reaction conditions, given the favored reactivity of the azaarenes. This work aimed the synthesis of quinazoline and isoquinoline derivatives employing C-H functionalization of azaarenes, through conjugated addition to trans-β-nitrostyrenes. Initially, it was studied the synthesis of N-heteroarenylacrylonitriles through Michael addition of 4-methylquinazolines to -nitrostyrenes, followed by direct conversion of the nitro group into a nitrile. Using the optimized conditions, 22 examples were obtained with moderated to good yields. The reaction mechanism has also been studied, in order to gain some insights about this new method. Posteriorly, it was studied the C(sp3)-H functionalization of 4-methylquinazolines and 1-benzylisoquinolines, utilizing α-substituted -nitrostyrenes. In this step, 20 pyrrolo[1,2-c]quinazolines and 4 pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines were obtained. Finally, the antiparasitic activity of 20 synthetized compounds was evaluated against Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum e Leishmania infantum. Interesting results were obtained concerning the biological activity against T. cruzi, which allows to continue the studies of compounds with potencial activity for the treatment for Chagas´ disease.
Desenvolvimento e modificação a plasma de materiais a base de poli(ácido lático)/α-Ag2WO4 com potencial ação antimicrobiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-28)
Jesus, Leticia Akemi Onoue de
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Cruz, Sandra Andrea
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9632409046763256
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883568643673129
Recently, the world has been facing several microbial infections that have caused great losses and fatalities. In this scenario, the development of new materials that can be used to fight these potentially pathogenic microorganisms has been growing. Nanocomposite materials formed from the combination of a polymer matrix and an inorganic filler on a nanometric scale have been widely developed aiming biomedical applications such as devices that presents an antimicrobial activity. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the polyesters that has shown the greatest market growth in recent years due to its good properties such as processability, biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, despite these advantages, PLA has some drawbacks related to its bulk and surface that limits its applicability. In this sense, efforts have been made to increase the applicability of PLA, minimizing the effect of its limitations, such as the incorporation of particles and plasma treatment, which can promote both chemical and morphological surface modification. Additionally, plasma etching treatment can expose the incorporated particles, enhancing the antimicrobial effect. In this work, α-Ag2WO4 nanoparticles were synthesized and incorporated at different concentrations in PLA matrix. Nanocomposite films were later exposed to oxygen plasma treatment. The influence of the incorporation of different concentrations of α-Ag2WO4 on the thermal properties of the polymer were investigated. The calculated degree of crystallinity indicated that the particle has no potential to act as a nucleating agent under the conditions of the analysis (quiescent crystallization). However, under non-quiescent conditions, the presence of the nanoparticles affected the induction time for the onset of crystallization at the shear rates used. Rheology analysis showed that there was an increase in complex viscosity values for all samples containing α-Ag2WO4 when compared to the pure polymer, indicating good dispersion and charge distribution. The chemical changes caused by the plasma treatment were analyzed by means of contact angle, Fourier transform infrared transmittance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray excited photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated an increase in the hydrophilicity of the polymer surface and changes in the concentration of preexisting functional groups on the surface when compared to PLA without treatment. Morphological changes on the films surface caused by exposure to plasma were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and SEM. Finally, the antimicrobial activity (against bacteria and fungus) of the nanocomposite was confirmed. Furthermore, it was found that the plasma treatment can enhance the antimicrobial effect by exposing the particles on the surface.
Intuição e interioridade em Bergson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-28)
Pellegrino, Rafael
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Marques, Silene Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822141288006918
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924848270308279
The present work investigates the meaning of the notion of interiority in Henri Bergson’s philosophy and its role in the Bergsonian conception of intuition. It starts with the following thought: either the intuition of an “exteriority” is a nonsense, or the way in which Bergson brings together the notions of interiority and duration, through his notion of intuition, should lead us to a resignification of the very meaning of what we could call interiority. But then the very idea of exteriority will undergo a resignification within the philosopher's doctrine. It should be noted that this work is not intended to exhaust all the problems that can be raised in this regard. Rather, this thesis is limited to raising some points in which the notion of intuition seems to suggest a very unique way of thinking about what interiority means in the work of Henri Bergson.
O uso das questões da OBMEP para a recuperação da aprendizagem matemática pós- pandemia: onde estamos e para onde vamos?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-31)
Silva, Paula Helena Novaes Moreira da
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Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2180767932607101
In this dissertation we will use the question bank of the Brazilian Mathematics Olympiad of Public Schools and technological resources to work on the competences and skills of Geometry proposed by the National Common Curriculum and Curriculum Paulista for the 7th year of elementary school. The development of the work took place through the application of activity sheets in two classes of the 7th year of a public school in the interior of São Paulo, using technological products built and made available in GeoGebra, to support the solution of a closing activity sheet with a specific question of the aforementioned Olympiad.
Lançamento de foguetes pet no contexto do ensino médio: um convite para o aprendizado da composição de movimentos e da terceira lei de Newton por um sistema de massa variável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-31)
Oliveira, Paulo Sérgio Prado de
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Garcia, Raphael de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1108249683067698
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3121634033677873
In the last decades of the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century, teaching practices that deal with contemporary themes that involve social issues and reflections on the part of students have been increasingly recommended in the school curriculum and, to a large extent, are not restricted to an area of knowledge. With the discussion of a National Curricular Common Base (BNCC), themes that involve multiple disciplines in a transversal way, gained prominence and proved to be important for the formation of new citizens. In this context, the objective of this work was to build a didactic sequence aimed at launching PET rockets propelled by compressed air and water with the participation in all stages of construction, from the rocket launcher to the rocket itself. With this, the student can visualize and discuss, in an experimental way, questions related to oblique motion, Newton's Third Law, launches and topics related to real rockets, such as the space race and technologies, fuels and the environment, climatic conditions for the launch, between others. For this purpose, assembly kits and instructions scripts were prepared, as well as explanatory videos and guides for data collection. The development of the activity was initially proposed in person, but due to the health restrictions adopted due to the pandemic caused by the SARS-COV 2 virus (Covid 19), much of the application was done remotely using computer resources, such as online classes. -line, launch simulators and video editors. An initial questionnaire was applied in order to verify the students' level of knowledge on the topic. After the launcher and rocket construction stage, the students, organized into groups, performed the launches in non-formal space and the collected data were used to calculate the launch speed, the maximum height reached, the propellant ejection speed. and rocket thrust. After the necessary calculations, the students compared the values obtained experimentally with those found via simulators, such as the PhET-Colorado application. Finally, the students collected the mass of the rocket, before and after the launch, consolidating the theme of composition of movement with activities that interconnect the experiments carried out and the theoretical part.
Monitoramento de vegetação invasora através das épocas com UAV e Deep Learning
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-31)
Camargo, Charles Pires de
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Vivaldini, Kelen Cristiane Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5245409138233148
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1062239006887828
Species originating from one biome are often irregularly introduced in other biomes, even if unintentionally, with the sole desire of their own consumption or for ornamental purposes. However, these species can end up becoming invasive and subjugating native vegetation. In this scenario, we have characterized biological invasion, which can cause irreversible negative impacts on biodiversity and affect economic productivity in sectors such as fisheries, forestry and agriculture. Furthermore, many species are vectors of human diseases, making biological invasions a major problem. With many closed forests, regions such as the mountains of the sea, and other places that are difficult to access, monitoring the Brazilian territory becomes very difficult and requires many resources for your care, whether human or financial. Remotely and automatically detecting invasive vegetation in large regions or areas of difficult physical access can be a very positive factor for conservation work. Through this monitoring, concrete actions can be taken in favor of the environment and irreversible damage to the ecosystem can be avoided. Making use of Deep Learning models for the detection of the invasive species Hedychium coronarium in images obtained through remote sensing, this master's project proposes a methodology for the monitoring over time of the area invaded by Hedychium coronarium in order to help specialists in answers to questions ecological
Repetição espaçada e sua influência na memória de longo prazo: um estudo teórico e reflexivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-31)
Nascimento, Leonardo Muniz do
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Polido, Carla Betina Andreucci
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276149979667627
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3784448914571821
The Medicine course at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) is based on Problem-Based Learning. The method´s cornerstones are the absence of classical subjects, content integration, as well as problem solving. As a result, students can develop self-learning skills, integrating knowledge during group discussions, and working as a team. Beginning to apply Active Teaching-Learning Methodologies may bring anguish to students accustomed with traditional teaching methods only, especially for the “learn how to learn” understanding, as well as retaining information. Forgetting accompanies us throughout life and is closely associated with disuse of information. Spaced repetition has been proven to be effective in improving the ability to retain information in the long term. It is based on three learning phenomena: spacing effect, testing effect, and active recall. The objectives of the present study are to provide reflection and theoretical subsidies of the process of studying and “learning to learn” throughout Medicine graduation at UFSCar, focusing on forgetting, and using spaced repetition techniques.
Can non-invasive ventilation modulate cerebral, respiratory, and peripheral muscle oxygenation during high-intensity exercise in patients with COPD-HF?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-31)
Goulart, Cássia da Luz
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Caruso, Flávia Rossi
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Araújo, Adriana Sanches Garcia de
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Moura, Silvia Cristina Garcia de
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
Avaliação do papel da neurotransmissão de ocitocina na modulação da ansiedade induzida em camundongos pelo modelo de empatia para dor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02)
Magno, Gustavo Diego
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Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7985367917168836
The success of social interaction is a necessary factor for human survival and depends on the ability to understand and experience emotions that the other is feeling. Some studies observed an increase in anxiety in rodents living with a conspecific submitted to a stressful situation, which was analyzed as emotional contagion, that is, the dissemination of forms of emotion from one individual to another. Recent studies have shown that the cohabitation of mice in pairs with a conspecific submitted to neuropathic pain increases the nociceptive response in observers submitted to the abdominal writhing test and in anxiety indices in mice exposed to the elevated plus maze (EPM). Therefore, these studies show the social modulation of pain and anxiety. On the other hand, in autism-induced rodents, a decrease in prosocial behaviors and an increase in anxiety were observed compared to the control group. Using this model, it was observed that the administration of oxytocin produced an increase in prosocial behavior in mice. Given the above, considering that there are studies linking oxytocin to increased prosocial behaviors and anxiolytic effects in rodents and that rodents exposed to the empathy model for pain showed anxiety-related responses, this study aimed to investigate whether the antagonism of oxytocin receptors with atosiban may interfere with the increase in anxiety induced by living with a conspecific undergoing chronic pain. For this, male Swiss-albino mice were separated into pairs during a 28-day coexistence protocol. After 14 days of living together, one of the animals in the pair underwent surgery for sciatic nerve constriction (NC) or surgery without nerve constriction (Sham). On the 28th day, the animal that lived with its conspecific NC or Sham received an injection of vehicle or atosiban [0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally], and after 30 minutes, it was submitted to the test in the EPM for five minutes. To confirm the contact with the animal with nociception, on the 29th day, the hot plate test was performed in both groups (NC and Sham). The results demonstrate that living with conspecifics in chronic pain produced hypernociception and increased anxiety-related responses in partners when submitted to the elevated plus-maze test. Systemic treatment with the three doses of atosiban produced an anxiogenic-like effect in mice that lived with conspecifics without pain (Sham) but did not reverse the increase in anxiety observed in mice that lived with conspecifics with pain (NC). We suggest that the animals that lived with a partner without pain (sham) may have normal oxytocin levels, due to the absence of the stressor stimulus, facilitating the production of the anxiogenic effect induced by atosiban. However, in animals that lived with a partner in pain (NCC), oxytocin levels were probably increased as a result of the stressor stimulus and, therefore, blocking these receptors with the antagonist was not able to reverse the anxiogenic-like effect induced by the model. This study contributed to demonstrating the involvement of oxytocinergic neurotransmission in the modulation of the emotional response induced by living with conspecifics with chronic pain and without pain in mice. However, further research will be needed to elucidate the action of oxytocin and its blockade with chronic treatment, and/or administration in central nervous system structures involved in the modulation of anxiety induced by empathy for nociception in mice.
Estudantes com doença crônica e/ou deficiência com comorbidade: ações escolares em prol da inclusão escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-02)
Marchi, Gabriela Guimarães
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Pedrino, Mariana Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2217597752295003
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-4050
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Gonçalves, Adriana Garcia
Education is a right for all, and education must be based on equity, offering opportunities and conditions for children and adolescents to access and remain in school. Inclusive policies aimed at access to education emerged in the 1990s and were important movements for inclusion and access to services that help students meet their educational demands and needs, important rights for students with chronic diseases and also with disabilities with comorbidities. The objective of the research was to investigate the prevalence of chronic diseases and/or disabilities with comorbidities in students from municipalities belonging to a Regional Health Department in the interior of the state of São Paulo, as well as to identify the actions carried out in the school context to minimize the difficulties in the schooling process of these students. The research has a descriptive-exploratory nature and a qualitative-quantitative approach, which was carried out virtually. The first contacts were made through e-mails and telephone calls, and the participants were professionals in the area of Education related to the Municipal Secretariats/Departments of Education or Municipal Educational Institutions who answered an online questionnaire. Of the 23 municipalities selected for the survey, nine municipalities responded, resulting in a total of twelve responses (one Department of Education, one Secretariat of Education, and 10 municipal schools). With the responses obtained from the questionnaire, it was possible to verify a higher prevalence of enrollments of students with chronic diseases in relation to students with disabilities with comorbidities. Bronchial asthma, the chronic disease, and Down syndrome and heart disease, the disabilities with comorbidities, had the highest prevalence among the number of students outlined by the municipalities in the years 2017 to 2020. Public policies are important to ensure the right and services to quality education for all, and to try to ensure that there are no absences and consequences for students, including those undergoing health treatment, whether due to chronic disease or disability with comorbidities, among others.
O problema da dedução na filosofia moral kantiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-02)
Rissi, João Paulo
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Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6671109439230591
The subsection IV of section III of Kant’s Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals formulates the question, "how is a categorical imperative possible?" For this question to be answered the Groundwork requires a proof of the actual possibility of the supreme principle of morality under human conditions. The question then focuses on the legitimacy of using a principle of pure practical reason, that is: to submit the categorical imperative to transcendental deduction. In the Critique of Practical Reason, Kant dispenses with a deduction and states that the task of asking about the possibility of the moral law is vain, since it is presented as a Faktum der Vernunft that would legitimize, by itself, the human will. Therefore, what was previously, in GMS, indispensable: (to prove the legitimacy of the pure use of an a priori practical principle), ceases to be so in the KpV, with the introduction of an a priori fact that would be the consciousness of the moral law. The introduction of the concept of Faktum der Vernunft was criticized by some interpreters and philosophers. Schopenhauer, for example, accuses Kant of having turned the categorical imperative into a "hyperphysical fact within the mind." Such objections, which see irreconcilable positions or tension between the GMS and the KpV fail to take into account that Kant's goals are distinct in each of the works with regard to reflection on morality: the supreme principle of morality (which needed a deduction of its legitimacy that would prove that morality is not an illusion, in the GMS) is not left behind by a Faktum inherent in human reason, as can be found in the KpV. Awareness of the moral law is a Faktum of reason, and the categorical imperative is the supreme principle of morality. Distinct things. It requires, in order to think the Kantian reflection on morality in two distinct moments, to investigate the following points: (i) how the deduction of the categorical imperative is developed in section III of the GMS and its implications; (ii) what is the Faktum der Vernunft and why a deduction of the moral law would not only be dispensable, but it would not even make sense to expect there to be one in the KpV, since the GMS had already settled the question about the possible synthetic use of pure practical reason; (iii) Kant does not ask about a deduction of the moral law, but only of the categorical imperative. These points contribute to support the thesis we defend here: to show that, although a deduction exists only in GMS, the moral law, which is secured through a Faktum, is, under human circumstances, the categorical imperative itself. This means that even if the human being is conscious, a priori, of the moral law, he must also want to act morally: hence the moral obligation provided only by a categorical imperative comes in.
Caracterização funcional e bioquímica do fator de transcrição HsfA e estudo da termotolerância, composição lipídica e integridade da parede celular de Aspergillus fumigatus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-02)
Fabri, João Henrique Tadini Marilhano
;
Malavazi, Iran
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1569614985704317
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3434390957476497
The filamentous and saprophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is the main causative pathogen of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (API) in immunocompromised individuals. One of its most important determinants of virulence is the thermotolerance. Faced with high temperature stress, opportunistic fungal pathogens implement an adaptive mechanism known as heat shock response controlled by heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), such as Hsf1. In eukaryotes, HSFs regulate the expression of heat shock proteins, such as the chaperone Hsp90, which are part of the cellular program for heat adaptation. Recently, it was observed that the disturbance in cell wall integrity (CWI) of A. fumigatus also causes susceptibility to elevated temperatures. Furthermore, it is known that, in response to temperature shock, fungi adapt the composition and fluidity of their cell membranes towards homeostasis. In this work, the hsfAHSF1 gene from A. fumigatus was studied, through the construction of a conditional mutant. hsfA was essential for the viability, virulence, thermotolerance and CWI of A. fumigatus. Temperature shock and cell wall stress modified the cell wall ultrastructure and triggered the coordinated expression of HsfA and Hsp90, which was shown to be regulated by the components of the CWI pathway PkcA and MpkA. RNA-Seq analyzes confirmed that HsfA regulates the expression of genes related to heat shock response, cell wall biosynthesis and remodeling, and lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, HsfA had a role in the synthesis of sphingolipids and phospholipids. For this reason, the function of the sdeAOLE1 gene, which encodes a fatty acid desaturase, and its relationship with hsfA was also investigated here. sdeA was shown to be essential, necessary for the synthesis of fatty acids and important for the phospholipids metabolism. It was also observed that HsfA regulates the expression of sdeA and the pseudogene sdeB. Finally, Western blot analysis proved that SdeA physically interacts with Hsp90 and regulates the expression of this chaperone. Collectively, these results demonstrate the connections between heat shock response and the CWI pathway and plasma membrane homeostasis, with HsfA playing a crucial role in the regulation of these pathways. Such conclusions may be important to bring new information about potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of API, and can also be applied to other pathogenic or relevant filamentous fungi.
Comparação entre estratégias para programação integrada de operações envolvendo decisões de programação de operações da produção e roteirização de veículos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-03)
Souza, Juliane Fernandes Caetano
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Tavares Neto, Roberto Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6954662222457389
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8773224322883164
The main motivation of this paper is to study a solution refinement technique for scheduling and routing of integrated production and distribution problems. It is possible to affirm that solving these operations in an integrated form is important to guarantee the search for the best solution for the system. The objective of the research is to compare the results obtained from three types of resolution: a mathematical model solved in an uncopled form, an integrated model and an integrated model that uses an initial solution of the uncoupled problem. The main characteristics of the studied problems were: unique machine and one vehicle for distribution. As the objective function, was prioritized the minimization of the total flow time of the orders in the system, normally related by the literature with the total time of fulfillment of an order and with inventory levels. To achieve this goal, mixed integer linear programming was used and two different time limits were set, 120 and 1.800 seconds. One of the most important conclusions was that, with a relatively short time limit of execution, 30 minutes, the use of an uncoupled initial solution in an integrated model, in groups of highest number of jobs, provides an average improvement of approximately 11.15% in results compared to the integrated model and 18.24% of improvement when compared to the uncoupled form.
Tecnologias sociais na apicultura e meliponicultura: análise sobre a produção de conhecimento científico, tecnológico e popular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-03)
Cultri, Camila do Nascimento
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Machado, Maria Lúcia Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5703683100332513
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1283889033381595
Recognizing how is configured the body of scientific, technological and popular knowledge about Social Technology for beekeeping and meliponiculture, registered in international databases, is an essential activity to support strategic actions in the field of Science, Technology and Society (STS) that aim to contribute to policies directed to society and the environment. The interest in beekeeping has been notorious in recent years, both for the sweet commercial attractiveness and for the awareness of the importance of species for the environmental balance. However, conditions in Brazil are not favorable: high mortality rates of bees, increased use of pesticides and lack of incentives. Beekeepers and meliponiculturists have been experiencing increasingly complex problems and with the Covid-19 pandemic new difficulties have been added. This thesis aimed to analyze the current scenario of the production and evolution of scientific, technological and popular knowledge with potential of Social Technology for beekeeping and meliponiculture. The methodology included exploratory and documentary research, literature review, case study, and bibliometric research in the database - Web of Science. The results about scientific, technological and popular knowledge were organized in groups: appropriation and transformation of the learned knowledge and opportunities for diffusion and appropriation. A systematization of international and Brazilian experiences was carried out, gathering projects from Italy, England, Bulgaria, Greece and Spain. In the sequence, the Cooperativa de Trabajo Apícola Pampero Limitada (CAP) from Argentina was studied, with agroecological principles, participatory methodologies, respect for people and traditional communities. As for public perception and dissemination of popular knowledge, the study of technologies and practices of the Technologies and Practices for Small Agricultural Producers (TECA) platform maintained by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was used. About the Brazilian experiences we had as sources the Fundação Banco do Brasil (FBB), the Fórum Brasileiro de Economia Solidária and the Instituto de Tecnologia Social (ITS). To identify the panorama of inventions and innovations, the current picture of patents deposited at Google Patents and at the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) was surveyed. This research is concluded with the verification of funding in grants and scholarships, making a case study, at the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP). From these results, some strategies of approach and exchange of knowledge and practices between producers of scientific and popular knowledge for the development of beekeeping and meliponiculture were proposed. It is hoped that in the near future, through projects involving teaching, research and extension; organizations, researchers, associates, cooperative members, among other interested parties, can articulate themselves to preserve, exchange, transmit, anchor, and pollinate more and more knowledge in this area.