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Processamento sensorial e engajamento nas rotinas infantis de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-28) Elias, Carina Sousa; Della Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448489426438006; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0070734946202776
Introduction: Occupations constitute a foundation of human existence, being represented by everyday activities carried out individually or in community and that promote meaning to life. As the child develops and the engagement continually expands, it results in a more satisfying life according to each age group. However, the impairment of skills in processing sensory information can impact the performance of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Objective: this study aimed to investigate the relationship between sensory processing and the engagement of autistic children from 2 to 5 years old in their routines. Method: it is a quantitative, descriptive and correlational methodology. Data collection took place through an online questionnaire, with the observation of the child's behavior from the point of view of their caregivers. Results: a total of 56 respondent family members were obtained, 30 of which were autistic children and 26 were typically developing (TD). Two instruments for the assessment of child development were applied, the SPM-P (Sensory Processing Measure – Preschool – Home Form) and the CEQ (Children's Engagement Questionnaire), and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics for verification of correlations. It was identified in the results that autistic children showed significant differences in relation to children with TD, in an inversely proportional correlation for the two variables, with the greater the difficulties in sensory processing, the lower the levels of engagement. It was also observed that from the decomposition of the influences of the child's demographic variables on engagement, children who were attended public or private schools showed greater engagement compared to children who did not attend school, and that engagement increases as age increases, regardless of the diagnosis for ASD or TD. Conclusion: it is suggested that future studies can include different age groups in order to increase the understanding of the needs of autistic people, based on the analysis of the impact of variables related to sensory processing and engagement in their daily lives. It is observed then that the use of strategies that increase the child's engagement in their routines is essential to promote greater learning, with the acquisition of new skills for participation in daily life.
Síntese de heterociclos nitrogenados através de reações de funcionalização C-H de azaarenos e avaliação da atividade antiparasitária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-28) Borges, Natália Menezes Moreira; Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0254938253205189
The neglected diseases caused by parasites, such as Chagas´ disease, sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis, affect thousands of people every year, mainly in tropical and underdeveloped countries. Due to the lack of efficient drugs for the treatment, these diseases lead many of the infected to death. Thus, the development of new methods for the synthesis and functionalization of compounds with potential antiparasitic activity is of great importance. Among the organic compounds which draws attention from the medicinal chemistry point of view, the nitrogen heterocycles constitute a class of privileged compounds due to their wide variety of biological activities. The quinazolines and isoquinolines, for example, are widely studied, since their structure are present in many bioactive compounds. Quinazolines, in particular, have had their antiparasitic activities studied and reported. The C-H functionalization reactions have emerged as an important tool for the functionalization of N-heterocycles. These reactions allow the increase of structural diversity without the use of previously functionalized molecules. Thus, it is possible to obtain a diverse library of compounds in a reduced number of steps, implying in the reduction of reactants and waste generation. Among the reactions named as C-H functionalization, the reactions involving C(sp3)-H bonds of azaarenes have been widely studied in recent years, once they allow direct functionalization without the use of harsh reaction conditions, given the favored reactivity of the azaarenes. This work aimed the synthesis of quinazoline and isoquinoline derivatives employing C-H functionalization of azaarenes, through conjugated addition to trans-β-nitrostyrenes. Initially, it was studied the synthesis of N-heteroarenylacrylonitriles through Michael addition of 4-methylquinazolines to -nitrostyrenes, followed by direct conversion of the nitro group into a nitrile. Using the optimized conditions, 22 examples were obtained with moderated to good yields. The reaction mechanism has also been studied, in order to gain some insights about this new method. Posteriorly, it was studied the C(sp3)-H functionalization of 4-methylquinazolines and 1-benzylisoquinolines, utilizing α-substituted -nitrostyrenes. In this step, 20 pyrrolo[1,2-c]quinazolines and 4 pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines were obtained. Finally, the antiparasitic activity of 20 synthetized compounds was evaluated against Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum e Leishmania infantum. Interesting results were obtained concerning the biological activity against T. cruzi, which allows to continue the studies of compounds with potencial activity for the treatment for Chagas´ disease.
Combinando perfil operacional do software e perfil de teste para uma estratégia de teste aderente às necessidades dos usuários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-28) Cavamura Júnior, Luiz; Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323; Vincenzi, Auri Marcelo Rizzo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0611351138131709; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5989928022839435
The Software's Operational Profile (SOP) is a representation of how users use the software in practice, thus identifying the parts of the software most operated by the users. Since the reliability of a software depends on the context in which it is used, the SOP is employed in software reliability engineering. However, there are signs of a possible mismatch between the software's tested parts and the SOP. The objective of this work is to investigate the possible mismatch between the tested parts of the software and the SOP and how data extracted from the SOP can provide contributions to other test strategies not related to reliability testing. We performed experimental studies to obtain data that would allow achieving and materializing the objectives through publications throughout the doctoral period, providing the contributions of this research. The main contributions of this research are: i) Evidence that proves that there are significant variations in the way users operate the software even when performing the same operation that it is possible that there is a mismatch between the tested parts of the software and the SOP, and that failures can occur in parts of the SOP not tested; ii) Evidence that a test strategy based on merging an existing test suite with a test suite generated by an automated test data tool can decrease the mismatch but does not prevent this mismatch; iii) Presentation of the "Test Profile" concept; iv) Design and implementation of OPDaTe tool whose purpose is to contribute to reducing the mismatch between the SOP and the test profile through the automatic generation of executable test cases with test data obtained dynamically from the SOP; v) Conducting a systematic mapping and a systematic review of the literature that investigates the use of the SOP. The results obtained by the research show the relevance of SOP to software testing, making it possible to align testing strategies with the operational use of the software and, thus, be in line with the users' needs.
Desenvolvimento e modificação a plasma de materiais a base de poli(ácido lático)/α-Ag2WO4 com potencial ação antimicrobiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-28) Jesus, Leticia Akemi Onoue de; Cruz, Sandra Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9632409046763256; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883568643673129
Recently, the world has been facing several microbial infections that have caused great losses and fatalities. In this scenario, the development of new materials that can be used to fight these potentially pathogenic microorganisms has been growing. Nanocomposite materials formed from the combination of a polymer matrix and an inorganic filler on a nanometric scale have been widely developed aiming biomedical applications such as devices that presents an antimicrobial activity. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the polyesters that has shown the greatest market growth in recent years due to its good properties such as processability, biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, despite these advantages, PLA has some drawbacks related to its bulk and surface that limits its applicability. In this sense, efforts have been made to increase the applicability of PLA, minimizing the effect of its limitations, such as the incorporation of particles and plasma treatment, which can promote both chemical and morphological surface modification. Additionally, plasma etching treatment can expose the incorporated particles, enhancing the antimicrobial effect. In this work, α-Ag2WO4 nanoparticles were synthesized and incorporated at different concentrations in PLA matrix. Nanocomposite films were later exposed to oxygen plasma treatment. The influence of the incorporation of different concentrations of α-Ag2WO4 on the thermal properties of the polymer were investigated. The calculated degree of crystallinity indicated that the particle has no potential to act as a nucleating agent under the conditions of the analysis (quiescent crystallization). However, under non-quiescent conditions, the presence of the nanoparticles affected the induction time for the onset of crystallization at the shear rates used. Rheology analysis showed that there was an increase in complex viscosity values for all samples containing α-Ag2WO4 when compared to the pure polymer, indicating good dispersion and charge distribution. The chemical changes caused by the plasma treatment were analyzed by means of contact angle, Fourier transform infrared transmittance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray excited photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated an increase in the hydrophilicity of the polymer surface and changes in the concentration of preexisting functional groups on the surface when compared to PLA without treatment. Morphological changes on the films surface caused by exposure to plasma were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and SEM. Finally, the antimicrobial activity (against bacteria and fungus) of the nanocomposite was confirmed. Furthermore, it was found that the plasma treatment can enhance the antimicrobial effect by exposing the particles on the surface.
Intuição e interioridade em Bergson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-01-28) Pellegrino, Rafael; Marques, Silene Torres; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822141288006918; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924848270308279
The present work investigates the meaning of the notion of interiority in Henri Bergson’s philosophy and its role in the Bergsonian conception of intuition. It starts with the following thought: either the intuition of an “exteriority” is a nonsense, or the way in which Bergson brings together the notions of interiority and duration, through his notion of intuition, should lead us to a resignification of the very meaning of what we could call interiority. But then the very idea of exteriority will undergo a resignification within the philosopher's doctrine. It should be noted that this work is not intended to exhaust all the problems that can be raised in this regard. Rather, this thesis is limited to raising some points in which the notion of intuition seems to suggest a very unique way of thinking about what interiority means in the work of Henri Bergson.