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Multicriteria evaluation for prioritizing areas to maintain functional forest connectivity
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-15) Silva, Ivan Vanderley; Valente, Roberta Averna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7241252263102036
The physiognomic differentiations of the landscape are consequences of the occurrence and regularity of anthropogenic disturbances, condition of resistance, and capacity for resilience. These properties influence the functioning and the possibility of connectivity of forest fragments. As a socio-ecological system, the landscape constantly changes and requires oriented management to define its standards and processes. This way, Multicriteria Evaluation (MCE) is an adequate tool for decision-making, considering its function of spatial aggregation, which supports the comparison and evaluation of criteria and scenarios. Thus, the study prioritized areas aiming for functional forest connectivity in a landscape under urban sprawl through the MCE. The studied area is located in the Biosphere Reserve of the Green Belt of the city of São Paulo, a region under pressure to convert forest remnants into urban use. The criteria represented our landscape environmental attributes and were defined through literature review, expert opinion, and various statistical techniques. Thus, proximity to forest fragments, Landscape Resistance Index, proximity to the drainage network, Topographic Wetness Index, and slope were the criteria that allow the identification of regions with the persistence of forest fragments and greatest landscape integrity. Therefore, by controlling the influence of the criteria, the proposed model supports the prioritization of areas for forest conservation, which supports the functional connectivity of the landscape's forest structure and supports planning forest restoration programs or payment for ecosystem services aimed at functional connectivity.
Comer e sobreviver: a comida como cenário de refugiados sírios em São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-15) Marchini, Lize Navarro; Machado, Igor José de Renó; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705450652848752; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4221215667396192
The research observes two forced displacement experiences of Syrian refugees in the city of São Paulo, whose main source of income is the sale of typical food from their place of origin. The commercialization of food by the research interlocutors takes place through orders, mobilizing networks of indications, participation in fairs of nations and cultures of different institutions and through direct sales within the establishment of one of the families. Using the ethnographic observation of routines related to food and its commercialization, it is possible to notice variations in the spaces and discourses mobilized about the history of displacement itself and what is considered a typical element of a place. The nuances about the experience indicate important paths for anthropological investigation, and the questions raised here do not exhaust the possibilities for reflection on the connection between the themes from the perspective of exoticization.
Bayesian variable selection for logistic mixture models with Pólya-Gamma data augmentation
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-15) Bogoni, Mariella Ananias; Zuanetti, Daiane Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8352484284929824; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1099499926393005
In this work, Bayesian methods for estimating and selecting variables in a mixture of logistic regressions model are presented. In order to simplify its Bayesian estimation, we extend the data augmentation approach with Pólya-Gamma random variables to the mixture of logistic regression models. Through the data augmentation approach, we present a Gibbs sampling algorithm for estimating the full model, and the number of components in the mixture is identified by Bayesian model selection criteria. In the model with variable selection, we investigate the performance of two prior distributions for the regression coefficients, adding a second set of latent variables to indicate the presence and non-presence of the predictor variables at each component of the mixture. Analogously to the full model, a Gibbs sampling algorithm is applied to the model with variable selection and the conjugation obtained for the distribution of the regression coefficients, through the inclusion of Pólya-Gamma variables, allows us to analytically calculate the marginal likelihood and gain computational efficiency in the variable selection process. To analyse the performance, the presented methodologies are applied in simulated and real data.
Monitoramento do treinamento auditivo e da funcionalidade em criança com Transtorno do Processamento Auditivo Central
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-15) Garcia, Elisandra Santos Mendes; Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1371315095038350; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1917901010989348
Central Auditory Processing refers to the efficiency and effectiveness with which the central nervous system uses auditory information. Changes in the functionality of the Central Auditory Nervous System lead to Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD). CAPD involves the auditory system and is characterized by a persistent limitation in the performance of auditory activities with significant consequences for participation. The intervention process proposed for CAPD is called Auditory Training (AT) as a set of conditions and/or tasks designed to activate the auditory system and associated systems. The present study considers strong associations between the central auditory nervous system and functionality, in terms of participation, capacity and occupational performance. Its bases were anchored in the theoretical logic of the biopsychosocial model and in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of an auditory training program on the functionality of a child with CAPD. It was also aimed to develop, apply and analyze an auditory training program for a child with CAPD; create an instrument to monitor the functionality of a child with CAPD, submitted to auditory training, analyze the changes in its implementation from the participant's perspective; and, to analyze the perception of the effects of auditory training on functionality, from the perspective of the child, the mother and the teacher. Therefore, a pre-experimental, intra-subject case study with an A-B design was chosen. Audiological and CAP assessments were performed and, based on the diagnosis of CAPD, a program of ten sessions of auditory training was developed. To analyze functionality issues, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was applied. A Functionality Monitoring instrument was created, applied in four stages of the study, to measure changes during the intervention, named MFTAI. After completion of the intervention program, the auditory assessment and auditory processing were reapplied, in addition to the COPM. The child's mother answered the anamnesis and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and a teacher answered the PEDI, also before and after the AT. The results obtained in this thesis demonstrate that the intervention process promoted an improvement in the scores in all tests of the CAP assessment battery, but the CAPD is still characterized. The scores of the MFTAI instrument, the aspects of functionality anchored in the biopsychosocial model and ICF, as well as the occupational performance based on the COPM, allowed us to affirm that the TA promoted positive changes, inferring a progressive improvement in the children's personal perceptions regarding their functions and structures of the body (related or not to auditory processing) and improvement in activities and participation, regarding the components of Behavior, Auditory Skills and Activities and Occupations. The mother's and the teacher's perception complement each other in order to assess the positive changes in functionality and dialogue with each other in order to corroborate the limitations in the child's participation. It is concluded that from the design used and, subject to its limitations, and with the use of measures, it is possible to affirm that the Auditory Training caused positive effects on the functionality of a child with Central Auditory Processing Disorder. For future research, we suggest replicating the study with a larger sample of participants and intra-subject quasi-experimental designs to verify the possibility of generalizing the data found. Added to this, it is suggested to improve the MFTAI instrument, in the psychometric perspective, created in this thesis to measure changes during the intervention.
Cistatinas de maqui: produção recombinante e inibição de cisteíno peptidases
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-15) Souza, Eduardo Pereira de; Silva, Flávio Henrique da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0850771035889805
Cystatins are tight binding competitive inhibitors of cysteine peptidases. In plants, they act regulating different physiological mechanisms, as well as defending from biotic and abiotic stresses, making them of potential use for biotechnological applications in agriculture. In humans, cystatins are associated with the control of cysteine-cathepsins, which, when deregulated, can trigger distinct pathologies. Then, the intervention with exogen cystatins, like the phytocystatins, have been studied as a therapy for cancer or inflamatory diseases, for example. In the face of the wide variety of cystatins applications, the search for new variants in different plant species is relevant. The maquiberry (Aristotelia chilensis) is a native plant from South America, closely related to the Chilean culture. Recently, it has been coming into light due to its high anthocyanin content, and now the species is considered a superfruit. As an understudied species, little is known about the biotechnological potential of its proteins, until then, underinvestigated. In light of this, this work consisted in the identification, recombinant production and characterization of maquicystatins. From a trascriptome of the plant cultivated in Temporary Immersion Bioreactor, six sequences were identified, from which five were obtained by cDNA amplification. These were cloned in pET-28a expression vector for production in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3). The purified proteins were submitted to fluorimetric assays of inhibition against cysteine peptidases. All cystatins were able to inhibit papain with Ki of 7.13, 1.42, 3.29, 2.99, 5.05 nM, for MaquiCPIs 1 to 5, respectively, proving that they were expressed in the right conformation. They were also able to inhibit human cathepsin L efficiently (Ki of 0.34, 0.33, 0.38, 0.57 and 1.25 nM), but only MaquiCPIs 1, 2 and 3 could inhibit human cathepsin B (Ki of 35.74, 20.97 e 21.94 nM, respectively) in nanomolar order, while the others inhibited the protein in micromolar order. The capacity of maquicystatins in inhibiting human cathepsin indicates a potential in controlling distinct pathologies.