Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2022-02-18"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 8105

História e cultura afro-brasileira e africana nos livros didáticos de matemática: um olhar a partir da hermenêutica da profundidade de Thompson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-18)
Roberto, Daniele Fernanda
;
Vilela, Denise Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2194060008657868
This study aims to present an analysis of the presence of Afro-Brazilian and African history and culture (HCAA- initials in portuguese) in mathematics textbooks for the final years of Elementary School, approved and distributed by the National Textbook Program (PNLD) of the year of 2020. To carry out these analyses, the theoretical and methodological assumptions of John B. Thompson's socio-critical theory were used, thus, the focus of this work was the Symbolic Forms transmitted through the related themes of the HCAA present in the textbooks of the analyzed collections. In this research, the construction of a historical panorama about the black people in Brazil was carried out, approaching their struggles and achievements in the educational and legislative scope, as well as an analytical reflection on the role of the PNLD, as an educational policy, observing its dimension in the process of valuing the contents of the HCAA in textbooks. The general basis of this analysis was based on 104 excerpts found in textbooks, which cover images, texts and activities related to the HCAA. For this purpose, the typical forms of Thompson's (1995) symbolic construction were used: legitimation, dissimulation, unification, fragmentation and reification. The results obtained referred to the typical strategies of ideology operation, in which the symbolic constructions reinforce asymmetrical and discriminatory relationships. The need for an improvement in the approach to teaching the HCAA in mathematics textbooks is highlighted, which reconsiders its representation from the perspective of the National Curriculum Guidelines for the Education of Ethnic-Racial Relations and for the Teaching of Afro-Brazilian and African History and Culture (DCNERER).
Currículo Paulista de História: distanciamentos e aproximações da concepção freireana de currículo a partir das categorias realidade concreta, diálogo e práxis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-18)
Costa, Antonio de Pádua Oliveira
;
Torres, Juliana Rezende
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083345943491817
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3775384294451761
This dissertation is a result of the research that had as main objective to analyze the Paulista Curriculum of History in the Elementary School stage in the light of Paulo Freire's pedagogy, seeking to identify distances and approximations of the Freirean conception of curriculum from the categories concrete reality, dialogue and praxis. The relevance of this research lies in the fact that the Currículo Paulista de História is a prescriptive document for the pedagogical practices developed in the classroom by teachers and students of the Public Education Network of the State of São Paulo. Through a qualitative approach, we resorted to bibliographic research and document analysis, establishing the Discursive Textual Analysis as a method of document analysis, aiming to understand how the consolidation of History as a school discipline took place from the process of constitution of its curricula and programs, what are the characteristics of the Traditional, Critical and Post-Critical curricula, the foundations of Paulo Freire's critical curriculum and what are the distances and approximations of the Paulista Curriculum of History, of the Freirean critical curriculum conception. For this understanding, we turn to the works of Bittencourt (2010), Abud (2004), Júnior (2013), Mathias (2011), Nadai (1993), Toledo (2005), Santos (2009), Fonseca (2003), Goodson (1997), Silva (2005), Sacristán (2013), Moreira and Tadeu (2011), Lopes and Macedo (2011), Moraes (2003), Lüdke and André (2018) and Chizzotti (2006). At the same time, we used the works Pedagogy of the Oppressed (2019), Extension or Communication? (2020) and Cultural Action for Freedom and other writings (2006) to support Freire's analytical categories concrete reality, dialogue and praxis. The main results of the research show that the Paulista Curriculum of History does not approach the conception of a critical Freirean curriculum, as it does not contemplate in a clear and objective way the categories concrete reality, dialogue and praxis, approaching more of a perspective of Traditional Curriculum, by acting as a guiding and prescriptive document of content and practices for students and teachers.
Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida e Serviços Ecossistêmicos: um estudo de caso aplicado a diferentes sistemas de produção de leite
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-18)
Silva, Daiane Vitória da
;
Saavedra, Yovana María Barrera
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6850307175821218
;
Silva, Diogo Aparecido Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101747760784249
Milk production stands out in the world economy. In the last twenty years, its production has increased by 340 million tons. However, there is a concern about the environmental impacts of cattle raising activities. For example, milk production is considered one of the main sources of greenhouse and gas emissions, in addition to that other impacts can be harmed for the environment. Thus, sustainability assessment tools are essential to contribute to sustainability on dairy farms. On top of that, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is considered the main technique used for determining the environmental profile of products. However, there are still gaps concerning the assessment of product’s impacts from the perspective of Ecosystem Services (ES), especially when the production activity demands the use of natural resources, this has being an aspect that can interfere in the provision of ES. The aim of this study is to determine the Net Environmental Performance (NEP) of different dairy production systems. Consequently a case study was conducted in a farm characterized as confined compost barn, located in the southwest of the state of São Paulo, using 1 kg of raw milk with average fat (3.75%) and protein (2.97%) correction as the functional unit. A framework was applied to calculate the NEP by combining LCA with SE, where the ecosystem impacts and benefits were converted into monetary units. To interpret of the results, a scenario was performed to compare the system studied together with confined and semi-confined milk production systems in the regions of Paraná and Minas Gerais. The NEP was calculated only for a gate-to-gate system view, presenting an average value of R$ -0.05 BRL/kg FPCM milk, for the case study system. The other milk production scenarios in Brazil also presented negative NEP, meaning that the environmental impacts were greater than the benefits generated on each system. Finally, it is feared that the steps developed in this study for the calculation of the DAL can be used in further case studies considering also an ecological, SE-oriented view and from a more completed perspective in the product life cycle view, i.e. cradle-to-grave.
Efetividade de uma intervenção educativa para pacientes sobre segurança do paciente no autocuidado e na autoeficácia: estudo quase experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-18)
Perego, Maira Gabriela
;
Napoleão, Anamaria Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4599488677076998
Introduction: Patient safety is a global health problem and the patient, in this context, becomes an active member, more aware and empowered of their rights and responsibilities as a consumer of health services, contributing to the improvement of quality, safety assistance provided and success in their treatment. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of an educational intervention on patient safety in the self-care and self-efficacy of hospitalized patients. Methods: Quasi-experimental research (ReBEC registration nº RBR-8gzp4f4) with a non-equivalent control design, comprising 2 steps: 1) Scope review, in the WOS, PubMed, CINAHL and LILACS databases, without period limitations, with the objective of supporting the construction and validation of educational material on patient safety by following specific guidelines for the elaboration of educational health materials and consulting 5 experts in the area of interest; 2) Educational intervention on patient safety, carried out at the HU-UFSCar and Santa Casa de Araraquara, with patients hospitalized in the medical and surgical clinic wards. Participants were divided into two groups: CG (control group), which received usual care from hospital institutions and GI (intervention group), which participated in an educational intervention on patient safety; the collection occurred first in the CG and after the end, in the IG. The variables analyzed were self-care and self-efficacy, in two moments: first – up to 96 hours after hospital admission and the second – from 24 to 96 hours after usual care or educational intervention. Both outcome variables underwent a normality test. For qualitative variables, the chi-square test was used; the Mann Whitney test was applied for those with two classes and the Kruskall Wallis test with post Bonferroni test for the variables with more than two classes. In the evaluation of the CG and IG before and after the educational intervention, the Generalized Linear Models were used. Results: In the first stage of the study, scope review, 3237 articles were found, of which 53 met the inclusion criteria and constituted the final sample; the articles were analyzed and categorized according to the information relevant to the patients regarding: 1) Fall Prevention; 2) Correct Identification of the Patient; 3) Medication Safety and; 4) Hand Hygiene. Based on the results of the scoping review and on the assumptions of health literacy, the educational booklet “Patient Safety: important information for patients and caregivers about hand hygiene, preventing falls, correct identification and flawless medication” was proposed, which obtained an index content validity of 0.98. In the second stage, a total of 158 health users participated in the study, with 79 in the control group and 79 in the intervention group. It was observed that there is no association between sociodemographic characteristics and the control group and intervention group (p > 0.05) and a statistically significant difference between the variables antecedent of diabetes (p = 0.003) and other health history (p = 0.012). The intervention group obtained higher scores in the levels of self-care and self-efficacy (p=0.001 and p=0.033) than the control group and after the educational intervention and usual care, the levels of self-efficacy showed statistically higher results (p=0.026). Conclusions: In conclusion, the results presented in this thesis showed that the educational intervention in patient safety, with the educational booklet “Patient Safety: important information for patients and caregivers about hand hygiene, preventing falls, correct identification and medication without fail”, is an effective strategy to increase the self-efficacy and self-care of hospitalized patients.
Lugar de envelhecer: moradia adequada propiciando a participação social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-18)
Oliveira, Vanderson Campos de
;
Silva, Nayara Mendes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1791265073266957
;
Monteiro, Luzia Cristina Antoniossi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2890278808923978
Introduction: According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), it is estimated that in Brazil, in 2060, the elderly population aged 65 years and over will account for 25.5% (58.2 million elderly people), in relative to world population. Thus, as a consequence of population aging, the number of elderly people in urban areas has increased. The diversity of each area is due to the difference in territorial, social, economic and cultural extension. Thus, the increase in population longevity, despite representing a major milestone in society, is accompanied by great questions, as it portrays an audience with unique needs, changes in physical and cognitive abilities, changes in family arrangements and changes regarding social support. It is natural that issues related to this age group arise, such as: social issues, housing and specific needs that this profile demands. Therefore, the question is raised about what is available in the academic literature to date on these three aspects: housing, elderly and participation. Objective: To carry out a narrative review of the literature related to the theme adequate housing and social participation of the elderly. Methodology: This is a narrative review of literature, narrative and qualitative review articles. Data collection took place in the year 2021, between the months of November and December. The literature found is in the following electronic databases: International Literature on Health Sciences (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). The following descriptors were used: housing; old man; participation. Result: Of the 40 references found, initially, only two studies were able to meet the adopted criteria. Conclusion: We observed the lack of theoretical material on the three factors together, even though each factor is inseparable. Therefore, there is a very large impact of the three factors together: ambience, housing and age group.
Negligência familiar contra crianças e adolescentes – perspectivas dos/as autores/as da violência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-18)
Sabino, Fabiano Henrique Oliveira
;
Carlos, Diene Monique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4324893981363616
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387452269781191
Introduction: Violence against children and adolescents involves a complexity of factors. Family negligence is included in the violation of rights and is found in an associated way, but it is often disregarded for not having physical consequences and for conceptual inconsistency. Objectives: to understand the meanings attributed to negligence against children from the perspective of families involved in this phenomenon accompanied by a Guardianship Council. Methodology: Qualitative study anchored in the Complex Paradigm, carried out with 20 authors of family neglect, referenced by the Guardianship Council. The research was carried out through a semi-structured interview and a field diary in the period of January 2021. Data analysis took place through the classification and organization of data in reference frames and establishment of relationships between the data. Results and Discussion: Two thematic categories entitled “Care and Negligence” and “Historicality and Negligence” were listed. The first showed that there are elements that understand negligence in a simplifying and normative logic, pointing out the woman as guilty of the practices of violence. This is placed as a process, needing to be seen in a multidimensional aspect. The second revealed the historical and learned character of not caring, denoting the absence of public policies to protect children and adolescents from perpetrators of neglect. There are elements that demonstrate a search for overcoming the path lived, still without interprofessional and intersectoral support. Conclusion: The multidimensionality of family neglect requires effective actions from the protection network; as long as there are insufficient and lame public policies, labeling those responsible as solely guilty of a violation of rights is irresponsible and inconsequential. The importance of seeking to make public policies and interprofessional actions effective in the context of coping, mapping and preventing violence in intrafamily relationships is reiterated, especially by Primary Health Care teams.
Produção de histórias em quadrinhos on-line: uma poderosa ferramenta no auxílio à aprendizagem no ambiente escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-20)
Marim, Tony Emerson
;
Monteiro, Maria Iolanda
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2215850363897403
The presented paper intends to investigate the main specificities of the languages adopted in comics and how they act when connecting the student during the reading with several human feelings, as fun or as an object of emotion, thus becoming a strong ally to teaching in the formation of readers. Based on this premise, a qualitative research was established based on keywords, where it was possible to establish the state of the art. With the methodology established, the work aims to present the many ways to identify concepts and specificities that are adopted in the sequential art, enabling to contribute to the possibility of application and development of a project of construction of comics, prepared in the classroom. Besides learning how the stories should be established so that the reading is fluid, the help of technology should also be addressed for the elaboration of framing and sequence, thus enabling the students of a class to make an authorial comic book, thus making them idealizers of their ideas. This work has the interest of contributing directly to the formation of new readers, to demonstrate the enormous contribution that comics bring to education, to inform the teacher of the necessary rules for the elaboration of activities, to update the teacher about the technologies that can help him/her, and to enable new discussions about the approached theme. All the content presented has as a result a practice that can be developed in future projects, thus remaining as a suggestion for future projects focused on education.
Representação parental sobre a criança com altas habilidades ou superdotação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Braz, Paula Paulino
;
Rangni, Rosemeire de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399149504309769
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7708298574440290
The family institution is the first social nucleus present in the life of the individual and contributes fundamentally as a central reference point in the process of human development. However, since it is formed by several members that acts in its subjective constitution, it is recommended that investigations involving the family delimit the focus on existing relationships. For this reason, the intention of this research was to investigate the representations about giftedness through the parental figure, that is, the father, mother or other responsible adult, who assumes the role of ensuring the care, education and development of children. Assuming that raising a child with atypical development is a challenge, the guiding question of the research was: what do parents think about the giftedness indicated in their children? The main objective was to know the parental representation about the giftedness displayed in their children. The specific objectives were: a) to verify and analyze the meanings attributed by the participants to the giftedness and; b) to point out how the parental representation about the giftedness can interfere in their children's lives. For this purpose, the research was set up with a descriptive approach and adopted the Collective Subject Discourse methodology for the treatment of the data collected in a qualitative and quantitative way, describing the individual’s thoughts collectively and evaluating the degree of sharing and distribution of this thought in the group. To collect the data, the semi-structured interview was used and the sample consisted of nine (9) mothers of preschool children with giftedness. The results indicated that parents' representation about giftedness involves knowledge produced by common sense, which changes in relation to the identification of giftedness in the child. Feelings such as fear and worry are present in the lives of these parents, especially by comparison with personal experiences lived, which may interfere with the child's education. Furthermore, it was possible to verify from the selected sample the recognition of characteristics of giftedness by the participants in themselves and in close relatives after the identification of the children. The social relevance of the research is justified by the importance of the family in the education and socio-emotional development of children. Thus, knowing the aspects involved in having children identified with high potential can contribute to advances in the field, in addition to guiding the development and implementation of work involving preschool children indicated with giftedness and their family, in schools and centers and associations that serv this public.
Análise da influência da vibração de máquina na qualidade do acabamento superficial e no surgimento de delaminação durante o fresamento lateral de laminados de CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Camargo, Wesley Soares
;
Shiki, Sidney Bruce
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523
;
Barbosa, Gustavo Franco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4027686840017498
The use of composite materials in the manufacture of products has grown in several sectors of the industry, which promotes research and development aimed at the improvement of these materials. However, the machining conditions imposed in the manufacturing process of a material are determining factors in the final quality of the product, due to structural changes resulting from cutting forces, vibrations and temperature, in addition to other interference generated by the process in the surface finish of the machined part. . Thus, the research project in question proposes a comparative study through combinations, involving different rates of feed speed during the machining process used in the milling of parts in CFRP laminates, a material widely used in the aeronautical manufacturing industry. Analyzes were carried out regarding the integrity of the CFRP laminate, in relation to the surface finish and delamination conditions of the composite, caused by the imposed machining conditions. At the same time, the level and characteristics of the mechanical vibration exerted in the milling were monitored, according to the different parameters of feed speed adopted, in order to allow a correlation between the different variables applied in the process. CFRP laminated specimens were milled at different feed rates keeping constant rotation, on a Romi D800 CNC machining center. During the milling process, mechanical vibration signals were captured with a MEMS ADXL335 triaxial accelerometer fixed to the milled part. A rhombic-type end mill was used during machining. To evaluate the structural results obtained on the machined surface of the milled parts, the scanning electron microscopy technique was used, showing the best finish of the machined surface with higher cutting feed rates.
Variação sazonal da composição corporal de lagartos teiús (Salvator merianae) utilizando a técnica não invasiva Absorciometria de Raios-X de Dupla Energia (DEXA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Carabolante, Tiago Fabricio
;
Bícego, Kênia Cardoso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0169967378071426
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9092204254024834
The significant reproductive investment in spring, preceded by metabolic and activity reduction during winter hibernation and followed by high summer activity in Salvator merianae, must be accompanied by important changes in protein, lipid and bone mineral body composition. Non-invasive techniques for measuring body composition are essential for longitudinal studies of life history, and the relationship between body condition and physiology, in addition to the consequent reduction in the number of experimental animals. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a non-invasive measurement technique that provides values of bone mineral content, lean mass and fat mass. This technique is widely used to determine the body composition of humans, as well as other mammals and birds, but its use in lizards is poorly understood, requiring validation. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: i) to validate the use of the DEXA technique, from the comparison with direct chemical analysis, to measure each component of the body composition of S. merianae lizards; ii) to determine the seasonal variation of the body composition of S. merianae from DEXA scans repeated in each season of the year. Our results show a strong correlation between the values obtained by the predictive mathematical models and values observed in the chemical analysis (r values between 0.95 and 0.99) without significant differences between the means. The results indicate changes related to the use of lipid energy reserves to meet the reproductive demand in males and females, with possible recruitment of bone calcium sources by females in egg production. Therefore, we conclude that the DEXA technique presents itself as a potential and excellent tool for measuring the body composition of tegu lizards, enabling the construction of mathematical models with high predictive power for body components and highly related to the life history of the species. With the successful validation and application in a study of seasonal variation, the use of DEXA seems to be very promising in the performance of longitudinal studies that evaluate patterns in the variation of body composition that are related to morphophysiological and bioenergetic changes, in addition to knowledge about the ecology and the life history of the species.
MOVA: uma análise bibliográfica de seus 30 anos de (re)existência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Zacharias, Maria Alice
;
Braga, Fabiana Marini
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1103496815216263
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9153013952010960
The present research has as its object of study the bibliographical research of the Youth and Adult Literacy Movement (MOVA) in the years 1989 to 2019, in order to understand what the academic publications of the national bases about MOVA point out, what its limitations and the elements that have kept the program active for three decades. In addition, we sought to find out if there is an announcement of emancipatory practices and/or policies that can contribute to the development and improvement of popular education and the education of young people, adults and the elderly. adapting to different contexts and, as it has humanistic and popularly based characteristics, subjects bond more easily in relation to formal education, following an active program. For this, bibliographical research was used according to the conception of Salvador (1978) and the communicative methodology (GÓMEZ et al, 2006) for data analysis, based on Paulo Freire's theory of dialogicity (1999) and on the theory of action communication by Jürgen Habermas (1989). The results refer to the collection made in the national bases, specifically the BDTD and CAPES, and indicate a great concentration in the master's research carried out in the State of RS and SP based on different themes such as curriculum, teacher training, pedagogical practices and public policies, but which mostly indicate the lack of legal support in youth and adult literacy, demonstrating the need for effective strategies to really include youth and adults in educational and training processes.
O relato de experiência e a formação docente: mapeamento de dissertações e teses (2012 a 2021)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Marcelino Lanfranco, Áurea Cristina Pires
;
Fortunato, Ivan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8293044394759438
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7925903188660082
When we looked for the experience report as a methodology in the CAPES Theses and Dissertations Catalog database, we did not find any work that has mapped the trends of experience reports that are found in the area of education. Therefore, this research aims to defend that the experience report is a research methodology in education. The general objective of this research is to map the theses and dissertations, developed in Brazilian postgraduate courses, which describe experience reports developed in the classroom. The specific objectives are: to analyze the dissertations and theses, which used the experience report as a methodology; how they are being described; and finally, how these descriptions impact the continuing education of the teacher who intends to reproduce this report. This dissertation focuses on the continuing education of teachers, specifically in classroom work, where their experiences and relationships with other more experienced professionals contribute significantly to teacher education. Research that maps productions can significantly contribute to the constitution of the research field, in this case, teacher education. This dissertation is a research that brings results from the State of Knowledge, as the mapping is centered on theses and dissertations. The question that guided this work was “How is the experience report in the training of teachers in Brazilian postgraduate courses treated?”. Talking with the authors Dubar (2005), Fortunato (2018;2021), Nóvoa (2017), Perrenoud (2000), Tardif (2017) and Xavier (2014), it was possible to think, within the postgraduate academic environment, of the reality continuous training of teachers through teaching practice. Specifically in how the experience report contributes to the training of other teachers who will read the report and with the one who is reporting, with the possibility of reflecting on their own practice. Research has shown the following results: many researchers describe themselves in their reports, that is, it is not known the formation or area of activity of the teacher who wrote the research. Another result is the lack of description of the planning, so it is necessary to verify what was the plan initially outlined and whether it was possible to execute it or not. If not, it is important to describe the reasons.
Saberes geográficos compartilhados por professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental na rede de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento da docência (READ) da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Gracioli, Jéferson Muniz Alves
;
Anunciato, Rosa Maria Moraes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1430569136446167
The research aimed to analyze how experienced teachers, beginners teachers and graduated teachers share geographics knowledges through intergenerational dialogue in ReAD (“Rede de Aprendizagem e Desenvolvimento da Docência” in Brazilian Portuguese, which means Teaching, Learning and Development Network). The research was carried out in an online collaborative group. The activities was realized through the creation of two groups called “Geography: learning how to read the world”, given in a free way in the 1st and 2nd semesters of 2019, with the purpose to promote changes experiences between the subjects. Data were extracted in dialogues shared with the participants, discussion forum reports and other productions in virtual learning environment. It used the ATLAS.ti analyze software to help systematization and data coding. The research presents a qualitative approach - world´s interpretive to understand the phenomena considering the meaning that people confer to it, and collaborative, because it was part of a reciprocal relationship considering professional development between beginners teachers, experienced teachers, graduated teachers and tutors. Four groups of analyses categories were established: Memories related to the professional development of primary school teachers that are ReAD´s participants; Geographics knowledges structured in intergenerational dialogues about Geography in primary school; Strategies and proposals to improve the education based on ReAD´s participants places representation and landscapes and The ReAD as a propelling online formative development for teachers in primary school. The results highlight the importance of the online intergenerational dialogues to share/exchange experiences, practices, difficulties and learnings for the teacher professional development. The research indicates that in teachers development there is an insufficiency deepening of geographic knowledges, hampering the strategies expansion and proposals for teaching practices. Finally, the ReAD´s impact as a propelling of formative actions and reflections contributes to diminish the difficulties that teachers face in their performance. In conclusion the attention of geographic knowledges in primary school allows the construction of distinct perspectives and comprehensions about educational contents with students´ background.
Avaliação da viabilidade do uso de redes neurais artificiais para o desenvolvimento de um softsensor de biomassa de microalgas em fotobiorreator
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Palma, Guilherme Meneghetti
;
Horta, Antonio Carlos Luperni
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5923938048634505
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5582496658768821
Microalgae are natural sources of biomass, unsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, xanthophylls, vitamins, proteins, minerals and enzymes; compounds of great commercial importance. Furthermore, since biofuels have become a product of great interest to industry, especially in the energy sector, the production of microalgae has come to be widely explored by scientific institutions and private organizations. In addition to being one of the most photosynthetic efficient organisms, it requires a very small cultivation space when produced in bioreactors. Thus, the optimization of the microalgae production process in photobioreactors is of great economic interest. Currently, the measurement of biomass values and cell concentration inside reactors is one of the major limitations for the optimization and control of the process, after all, it occurs in a non-automated way by cell counting and dry mass determination methods. Therefore, the objective of this project was to evaluate the feasibility of using artificial neural networks to create a biomass instantaneous inference softsensor inside a bioreactor from light intensity data obtained by red, green and blue light sensors connected to a microcontroller. The study was carried out by cultivating the microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus in modified BG-11 culture medium in a 6L Airlift-type photobioreactor with illumination provided from a white LED panel. The content presented in this study showed artificial neural networks with MSE = 0,0278 [mg/L]2, R2=0,93 and provides substantial information for the accomplishment of the control and optimization of microalgal production inside bioreactors based only on light intensity information.
Apartidarismo ou apolítica (2002-2018): uma análise sobre o comportamento e as atitudes dos eleitores não partidários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Jaeger, Rafaella Lopes Martins
;
Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2315282054349295
The main objective of this study is to understand the behavior and attitudes of non-partisan voters. For this analysis, we will seek to understand the behavior in relation to the relevance of this voter's vote to break the pattern of electoral competition dominated by PT and PSDB. And the analysis of attitudes in order to investigate the view of the non-partisan voter who is less educated and who has no interest in politics regarding the vote for Jair Bolsonaro in 2018. The main hypotheses are: the change in the voting pattern affected the break of the PT-PSDB bipartisan pattern and the profile of the apolitical independent is more susceptible to anti-democratic and anti-systemic appeals. In order to confirm or not these answers, the electorate was segmented based on Russell Dalton's Theory of Cognitive Mobilization (2013), which typifies the electorate into four electoral profiles, namely: cognitive partisans, ritual partisans, nonpartisans and independent apolitical, focusing on the last group. This is because, according to Borba, Gimenes and Ribeiro (2015), it would be this segment, formed by low education and low interest in politics, that would represent most Brazilians. The work was divided into three chapters: at first, the theoretical and conceptual construction of the research was presented; then, we discussed the methodological aspects based on data from the Brazilian Electoral Study (ESEB), referring to the 2002, 2014 and 2018 elections; and finally, the results were analyzed in three sections: i) the indices of the variables that make up the theory of cognitive mobilization over the years analyzed; then, ii) the aspects of the vote of voters were indicated based on the typology presented in the highlighted years and, finally, iii) the vote for Jair Bolsonaro among the apolitical independent voter in the 2018 election was investigated more deeply, profile that poses the greatest risk to democracy. It is concluded that the break of the PT-PSDB pattern was not an unexpected rupture, the vote of the non-partisan voter was important for the result of the 2018 election and, therefore, for the victory of Jair Bolsonaro, especially among apolitical independents, thus confirming the main hypotheses of this dissertation. In addition, it was demonstrated that antipetismo had a strong influence on the result among nonpartisans.
Estudos mecanísticos de reações de cicloadição e ciclização através de ferramentas experimentais e teóricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Kawamura, Meire Yasuko
;
Schwab, Ricardo Samuel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6935890756504964
;
Ferreira, Marco Antonio Barbosa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6874055640224407
Part 1: The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitroolefin and azides have emerged as an important approach for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole. We describe the rationalization of the regioselectivity/reactivity trends of this reaction by an experimental and theoretical exploration. DFT calculations revealed 1,5-triazole is favarable, with the rate-limiting cycloaddition step showing high asynchronicity. Kinetic studies corroborated these results, pointing to a second-order velocity law, and 13C kinetic isotopic effect (KIE) at natural abundance with a significant normal effect for the conjugated olefinic centers (1.0216 for C1β-nitro and 1.0158 for C2α-nitro). Distortion/interaction-activation strain (DIAS) and energy decomposition (EDA) analysis disclosed the regioselectivity of this reaction, showing an earlier and less distorted TS for preferred 1,5-triazole compared to 1,4-triazole regioisomer, and the interaction is favored in 1,5-triazole mainly due to on dispersion (Edisp) and electrostatic (Eelec) interactions. Additionally, we explored the mechanistic aspects of the HNO2 elimination elementary step by using quasi-classical dynamics calculations, the calculations indicate a dynamically stepwise mechanism, indicating an existence of a carbocation intermediate. Studies of the reaction between nitro-olefins and sodium azide revealed that Bronstead acid plays a fundamental role for disubstituted nitro-olefins, controlling the reactive species, wherein the path that leads to 1,2,3-NH-triazole is favorable comparing with the path that leads to Michael's adducts. A systematic study has led to the preparation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3- triazoles by the use of a-nitroolefins generated in situ. Part 2: Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have shown great potential as important tools for the synthetic organic chemistry due to the possibility of diversity and complexity generation in a single step. Among these reactions, the Ugi reaction and its variants are unique strategies that allow the introduction of an amide function in the molecular architecture. Despite the huge advantages offered by these reactions, the lack of stereocontrol is its main limitation. Therefore, this part of the project aimed to evaluate the mechanism of these transformations through theoretical DFT studies of two Ugi reaction variants. It was shown that the diastereoselectivity occurs due to non- covalent interactions, and that due to steric interactions different products were obtained: tetrahydropyridine for R1 = Ph and cyclopentene for R1 = Me substitution.
Supervisão exercida pelo enfermeiro na estratégia saúde da família: uma análise sob a perspectiva das relações de poder
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Silva, Iramildes Souza
;
Silva, Jaqueline Alcântara Marcelino da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8311079340428705
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8307-8609
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2485353465158702
The base of this investigation is the supervision carried out by nurses from the perspective of power relations in the work context of the Family Health (FH) team, which consists of a favorable place for changes in health practices in Primary Health Care (PHC), due to the performance of the FH teams, which provide care, respecting the way of life of people and their families, depending on the location and communities. The supervision carried out by the nurse in the context of the work process of the FH team collaborates in the transformation of the required health practices, when we consider that the work of the nurse as a social practice has been assuming a relevant role due to the ability to recognize the complex and varied health needs of the users and families, making it possible to act in a contextualized way, in addition to stimulating interactive and reflective intra-team processes for comprehensive health care. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the supervision of nurses from the perspective of power relations in family health, with a focus on nursing and community health agents, in a city of the countryside of São Paulo. This is an exploratory, descriptive and interpretative research with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 46 FH workers and were analyzed under the framework of the work process in health and nursing; the concept of supervision; of the interprofessional work approach and its attributes in the FH and of the power category, in the Foucauldian perspective, based on the thematic content analysis. The analysis of the results allowed the construction of five thematic categories: ‘the supervision of the nurse in the perspective of control in the relations of disciplinary power in Family Health’; ‘the duality of supervision exercised by nurses in Family Health between Oppressive Power and Positive Power’; ‘the challenges for the supervision of nurses in the FH and possibilities for reframing the supervision conducted by nurses in the FH’; ‘challenges for the supervision of nurses in the SF and possibilities for reframing the supervision carried out by nurses in the SF’. The results showed that the supervision carried out by nurses in the FH has a predominance of strict control addressed in the dimension of Foucauldian disciplinary power studied. However, the power identified in supervision presented other outcomes, considering that it (power) is a producer of things, which not only controls and oppresses, but also has positive effects in the construction of healthy work environments, with appreciation of interactions, establishment of trust, strengthening of teamwork and support for workers, aspects that result in the promotion of psychological safety in the FH. There were multiple challenges for supervision in the FH, such as: the intensification of the pace of work in the FH, insufficient support from central management to conduct supervision and fear of being accused of moral harassment in the exercise of supervision. Supervision in the educational approach in health was evidenced in the nurses' work process, although it presented weaknesses to be overcome, considering the role that it has in the transformation of health practices. Even with these obstacles, possibilities for redefining supervision were identified, with advances towards strengthening interprofessional work in the FH. Keywords: Nursing Supervision. Family Health. Health Team. Interprofessional Relations. Job. Power (psychology).
Construção das transmasculinidades: memórias e narrativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Cardoso, Thomas Victor Barreto
;
Leite, Kelen Christina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0993995005511082
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0411941452121030
From the 1970s onwards, studies on masculinities gained strength, driven mainly by the feminist movement and the movement in defense of sexual diversity. But only in the last two decades, transmasculine identities began to be included in these studies on masculinities. The objective of this research is to analyze the construction of these masculinities in individuals who identify themselves as transmasculine, through their narratives and memories. Reflect on the way in which these identities are incorporated directly and indirectly by them, transforming behaviors and physiognomies to achieve a hegemonic masculine ideal, in an attempt to belong, or reject themselves, as a form of resistance. As well as the possibility of creating new ways of experiencing masculinity outside the sex-gender dichotomous view. As a methodology, thematic oral history was adopted, to focus on the memories and experiences of these individuals, and their process of construction and deconstruction together with a bibliographic review. Using authors such as Michael Foucault (2018; 2019), Berenice Bento (2011; 2017), Guacira L. Louro (2015; 2018), Paul B. Preciado (2018), Raewyn Connell (1995; 2013; 2015), Benedito Medrado (2008), Pedro P. de Oliveira (2004), João Nery (2013;2017) and Guilherme Almeida (2012) for theoretical deepening in discussions about gender, masculinities, body, identity and gender violence. In the narratives, it was noticed that even understanding masculinity as a social construction, there is still influence of it in the production of their subjectivities and corporeity. In addition to directly and indirectly reproducing gender patterns as a form of protection and/or an attempt to belong.
Proposta de um sistema informatizado para a gestão de Centro de Material e Esterilização a partir do Mapa de Fluxo de Valor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Rodrigues, Cinthia Mendes
;
Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0185144417072417
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6633200759742389
Lean is a philosophy that seeks continuous improvement through lean production, where the aim is to do more with the fewest possible resources in order to eliminate waste and optimize processes, with the customer as the central focus of the actions developed. Lean healthcare was introduced in healthcare facilities as a management model and emerged as a means of raising quality and generating improvements without large financial contributions and/or high investments. Within the hospital environment, several support services contribute to the execution of its final activity, among them, the Central Sterile Services Department (CSSD). The CSSD is a functional technical support unit, considered a critical area, with the professional nurse responsible for planning, coordinating, executing, supervising and evaluating all steps related to the processing of health products. All these activities are very complex and therefore the CSSD flows and processes must be monitored. Through the use of technological resources, lean healthcare management can be improved, because through the elimination of waste, simplification and standardization of processes, it raises the level of operational efficiency with a focus on the customer. This study aimed to identify and apply lean healthcare tools that would contribute to the improvement of flows and processes in CSSD and from this to develop a prototype of a computerized system. This is research with a qualitative approach, applied in terms of nature, descriptive and exploratory in terms of objectives, of the action-research type in terms of procedures. This study was developed in four phases: integrative literature review, implementation of lean healthcare tools, development of a computerized system prototype and testing and evaluation. The results of this research showed that the application of several lean healthcare tools, including the 5S tool, the spaghetti diagram, the poka yoke, process mapping, production planning and control, kaizen events, the effort matrix versus impact, the value stream mapping (VSM), visual management and the standardization of technical activities, can contribute to the optimization of work processes in CSSD and bring significant contributions in terms of eliminating waste and bottlenecks, as they allow dynamic way, a situational overview, identification of opportunities for improvement, acting on the root causes of problems with the parties involved and proposing decision-making in a way that is more directed to the needs of customers, patients and the institution's mission. From the application of lean healthcare tools, particularly the VSM analysis, it was possible to identify bottlenecks and waste, and based on this analysis a prototype of a computerized system based on lean healthcare was developed in order to eliminate waste and optimize resources and its technical and functional quality was evaluated based on the requirements of ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 14598-6 that defines the requirements and provides guidelines for the practice of evaluating software products. The research could also favor the understanding and application of lean healthcare practices combined with the computerization of CSSD records and encourage other researchers to disseminate knowledge in this field of study.
Percepção sobre a importância de áreas naturais sob a ótica dos serviços ecossistêmicos: um estudo em Boituva, SP.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Consorti, Giovana Francesca Rodrigues
;
Prado, Helbert Medeiros
;
ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/726699544830622
;
Leite, Eliana Cardoso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2186623269243747
The maintenance of ecosystem services, essential for humanity, is extremely necessary, and for that, knowing how people perceive and interact with nature becomes fundamental. Given the relevance for conservation and the pressure due to real estate expansion in the region of a watershed with urban/rural interface in Boituva/SP, this study proposed to analyze how people perceive the importance and role of green/protected areas close to them, and the ecosystem services (SEs) provided by this watershed, in addition to evaluating the support of the population regarding the implementation of a Municipal Natural Park in the area in question. Using a semi-structured form, residents of the Ribeirão Pau D'Alho watershed were asked about their knowledge of forests or green areas close to their homes, and the positivity and benefits of having them close by. It was also asked about the agreement with the ecosystem services provided by these areas and whether or not to support the creation of a Conservation Unit. The results showed that most of the interviewees recognize forests and green areas close to their homes and how beneficial they are, even though a few citations have indicated a negative perception concerning the forests, related to the poor management and abandonment of these places. The qualitative investigation addressed the analysis of metaphors used to explain the reasons for finding it positive to have nearby forests, support for the creation of a Conservation Unit, and other spontaneous quotes, revealing that all types of services were remembered, with emphasis on cultural services. The quantitative approach indicated 84% of total agreement with the statements that explained ecosystem services, highlighting that regulatory services 2 (pest and disease control) were the least perceived. Correlating the socioeconomic profile with the agreements, the data showed that women agreed more with the statements about cultural, provision, and support services, showing concern for future generations. It can be observed that older people mainly perceived the regulatory services 2 (which compared to the others was the least perceived) suggesting that experience and experimentation increase the affective and cognitive relationship with nature. Respondents with higher incomes and who spent their childhood in large cities or capitals had a greater perception related to regulatory services 1 (pollution, climate, and water-related issues), evidencing the environmental degradation caused by the demand for resources and urbanization. It was not evident the different perception between residents of rural and urban areas, for one or more ecosystem services. Approximately 90% of the population indicated that they fully or partially supported the creation of a UCPI. It is worth mentioning that Boituva is a municipality of tourist interest, it is suffering real estate pressure, and that this study was carried out during a time of social isolation, factors that possibly contributed to the interviewees' perception of the need for contact with nature, and consequently, may have heightened the perception of cultural services. The results and discussions presented by this study may provide subsidies for public policies, environmental planning, adaptation, and the creation of protected areas. Keywords: Perception. Metaphors. Green Areas. Conservation Units.