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História e cultura afro-brasileira e africana nos livros didáticos de matemática: um olhar a partir da hermenêutica da profundidade de Thompson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-18) Roberto, Daniele Fernanda; Vilela, Denise Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2194060008657868
This study aims to present an analysis of the presence of Afro-Brazilian and African history and culture (HCAA- initials in portuguese) in mathematics textbooks for the final years of Elementary School, approved and distributed by the National Textbook Program (PNLD) of the year of 2020. To carry out these analyses, the theoretical and methodological assumptions of John B. Thompson's socio-critical theory were used, thus, the focus of this work was the Symbolic Forms transmitted through the related themes of the HCAA present in the textbooks of the analyzed collections. In this research, the construction of a historical panorama about the black people in Brazil was carried out, approaching their struggles and achievements in the educational and legislative scope, as well as an analytical reflection on the role of the PNLD, as an educational policy, observing its dimension in the process of valuing the contents of the HCAA in textbooks. The general basis of this analysis was based on 104 excerpts found in textbooks, which cover images, texts and activities related to the HCAA. For this purpose, the typical forms of Thompson's (1995) symbolic construction were used: legitimation, dissimulation, unification, fragmentation and reification. The results obtained referred to the typical strategies of ideology operation, in which the symbolic constructions reinforce asymmetrical and discriminatory relationships. The need for an improvement in the approach to teaching the HCAA in mathematics textbooks is highlighted, which reconsiders its representation from the perspective of the National Curriculum Guidelines for the Education of Ethnic-Racial Relations and for the Teaching of Afro-Brazilian and African History and Culture (DCNERER).
Lugar de envelhecer: moradia adequada propiciando a participação social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-18) Oliveira, Vanderson Campos de; Silva, Nayara Mendes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1791265073266957; Monteiro, Luzia Cristina Antoniossi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2890278808923978; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0547599109107780
Introduction: According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), it is estimated that in Brazil, in 2060, the elderly population aged 65 years and over will account for 25.5% (58.2 million elderly people), in relative to world population. Thus, as a consequence of population aging, the number of elderly people in urban areas has increased. The diversity of each area is due to the difference in territorial, social, economic and cultural extension. Thus, the increase in population longevity, despite representing a major milestone in society, is accompanied by great questions, as it portrays an audience with unique needs, changes in physical and cognitive abilities, changes in family arrangements and changes regarding social support. It is natural that issues related to this age group arise, such as: social issues, housing and specific needs that this profile demands. Therefore, the question is raised about what is available in the academic literature to date on these three aspects: housing, elderly and participation. Objective: To carry out a narrative review of the literature related to the theme adequate housing and social participation of the elderly. Methodology: This is a narrative review of literature, narrative and qualitative review articles. Data collection took place in the year 2021, between the months of November and December. The literature found is in the following electronic databases: International Literature on Health Sciences (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). The following descriptors were used: housing; old man; participation. Result: Of the 40 references found, initially, only two studies were able to meet the adopted criteria. Conclusion: We observed the lack of theoretical material on the three factors together, even though each factor is inseparable. Therefore, there is a very large impact of the three factors together: ambience, housing and age group.
Efetividade de uma intervenção educativa para pacientes sobre segurança do paciente no autocuidado e na autoeficácia: estudo quase experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-18) Perego, Maira Gabriela; Napoleão, Anamaria Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4599488677076998
Introduction: Patient safety is a global health problem and the patient, in this context, becomes an active member, more aware and empowered of their rights and responsibilities as a consumer of health services, contributing to the improvement of quality, safety assistance provided and success in their treatment. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of an educational intervention on patient safety in the self-care and self-efficacy of hospitalized patients. Methods: Quasi-experimental research (ReBEC registration nº RBR-8gzp4f4) with a non-equivalent control design, comprising 2 steps: 1) Scope review, in the WOS, PubMed, CINAHL and LILACS databases, without period limitations, with the objective of supporting the construction and validation of educational material on patient safety by following specific guidelines for the elaboration of educational health materials and consulting 5 experts in the area of interest; 2) Educational intervention on patient safety, carried out at the HU-UFSCar and Santa Casa de Araraquara, with patients hospitalized in the medical and surgical clinic wards. Participants were divided into two groups: CG (control group), which received usual care from hospital institutions and GI (intervention group), which participated in an educational intervention on patient safety; the collection occurred first in the CG and after the end, in the IG. The variables analyzed were self-care and self-efficacy, in two moments: first – up to 96 hours after hospital admission and the second – from 24 to 96 hours after usual care or educational intervention. Both outcome variables underwent a normality test. For qualitative variables, the chi-square test was used; the Mann Whitney test was applied for those with two classes and the Kruskall Wallis test with post Bonferroni test for the variables with more than two classes. In the evaluation of the CG and IG before and after the educational intervention, the Generalized Linear Models were used. Results: In the first stage of the study, scope review, 3237 articles were found, of which 53 met the inclusion criteria and constituted the final sample; the articles were analyzed and categorized according to the information relevant to the patients regarding: 1) Fall Prevention; 2) Correct Identification of the Patient; 3) Medication Safety and; 4) Hand Hygiene. Based on the results of the scoping review and on the assumptions of health literacy, the educational booklet “Patient Safety: important information for patients and caregivers about hand hygiene, preventing falls, correct identification and flawless medication” was proposed, which obtained an index content validity of 0.98. In the second stage, a total of 158 health users participated in the study, with 79 in the control group and 79 in the intervention group. It was observed that there is no association between sociodemographic characteristics and the control group and intervention group (p > 0.05) and a statistically significant difference between the variables antecedent of diabetes (p = 0.003) and other health history (p = 0.012). The intervention group obtained higher scores in the levels of self-care and self-efficacy (p=0.001 and p=0.033) than the control group and after the educational intervention and usual care, the levels of self-efficacy showed statistically higher results (p=0.026). Conclusions: In conclusion, the results presented in this thesis showed that the educational intervention in patient safety, with the educational booklet “Patient Safety: important information for patients and caregivers about hand hygiene, preventing falls, correct identification and medication without fail”, is an effective strategy to increase the self-efficacy and self-care of hospitalized patients.
Currículo Paulista de História: distanciamentos e aproximações da concepção freireana de currículo a partir das categorias realidade concreta, diálogo e práxis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-18) Costa, Antonio de Pádua Oliveira; Torres, Juliana Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083345943491817; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3775384294451761
This dissertation is a result of the research that had as main objective to analyze the Paulista Curriculum of History in the Elementary School stage in the light of Paulo Freire's pedagogy, seeking to identify distances and approximations of the Freirean conception of curriculum from the categories concrete reality, dialogue and praxis. The relevance of this research lies in the fact that the Currículo Paulista de História is a prescriptive document for the pedagogical practices developed in the classroom by teachers and students of the Public Education Network of the State of São Paulo. Through a qualitative approach, we resorted to bibliographic research and document analysis, establishing the Discursive Textual Analysis as a method of document analysis, aiming to understand how the consolidation of History as a school discipline took place from the process of constitution of its curricula and programs, what are the characteristics of the Traditional, Critical and Post-Critical curricula, the foundations of Paulo Freire's critical curriculum and what are the distances and approximations of the Paulista Curriculum of History, of the Freirean critical curriculum conception. For this understanding, we turn to the works of Bittencourt (2010), Abud (2004), Júnior (2013), Mathias (2011), Nadai (1993), Toledo (2005), Santos (2009), Fonseca (2003), Goodson (1997), Silva (2005), Sacristán (2013), Moreira and Tadeu (2011), Lopes and Macedo (2011), Moraes (2003), Lüdke and André (2018) and Chizzotti (2006). At the same time, we used the works Pedagogy of the Oppressed (2019), Extension or Communication? (2020) and Cultural Action for Freedom and other writings (2006) to support Freire's analytical categories concrete reality, dialogue and praxis. The main results of the research show that the Paulista Curriculum of History does not approach the conception of a critical Freirean curriculum, as it does not contemplate in a clear and objective way the categories concrete reality, dialogue and praxis, approaching more of a perspective of Traditional Curriculum, by acting as a guiding and prescriptive document of content and practices for students and teachers.
Negligência familiar contra crianças e adolescentes – perspectivas dos/as autores/as da violência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-18) Sabino, Fabiano Henrique Oliveira; Carlos, Diene Monique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4324893981363616; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387452269781191
Introduction: Violence against children and adolescents involves a complexity of factors. Family negligence is included in the violation of rights and is found in an associated way, but it is often disregarded for not having physical consequences and for conceptual inconsistency. Objectives: to understand the meanings attributed to negligence against children from the perspective of families involved in this phenomenon accompanied by a Guardianship Council. Methodology: Qualitative study anchored in the Complex Paradigm, carried out with 20 authors of family neglect, referenced by the Guardianship Council. The research was carried out through a semi-structured interview and a field diary in the period of January 2021. Data analysis took place through the classification and organization of data in reference frames and establishment of relationships between the data. Results and Discussion: Two thematic categories entitled “Care and Negligence” and “Historicality and Negligence” were listed. The first showed that there are elements that understand negligence in a simplifying and normative logic, pointing out the woman as guilty of the practices of violence. This is placed as a process, needing to be seen in a multidimensional aspect. The second revealed the historical and learned character of not caring, denoting the absence of public policies to protect children and adolescents from perpetrators of neglect. There are elements that demonstrate a search for overcoming the path lived, still without interprofessional and intersectoral support. Conclusion: The multidimensionality of family neglect requires effective actions from the protection network; as long as there are insufficient and lame public policies, labeling those responsible as solely guilty of a violation of rights is irresponsible and inconsequential. The importance of seeking to make public policies and interprofessional actions effective in the context of coping, mapping and preventing violence in intrafamily relationships is reiterated, especially by Primary Health Care teams.
Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida e Serviços Ecossistêmicos: um estudo de caso aplicado a diferentes sistemas de produção de leite
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-18) Silva, Daiane Vitória da; Saavedra, Yovana María Barrera; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6850307175821218; Silva, Diogo Aparecido Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101747760784249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3534501432395656
Milk production stands out in the world economy. In the last twenty years, its production has increased by 340 million tons. However, there is a concern about the environmental impacts of cattle raising activities. For example, milk production is considered one of the main sources of greenhouse and gas emissions, in addition to that other impacts can be harmed for the environment. Thus, sustainability assessment tools are essential to contribute to sustainability on dairy farms. On top of that, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is considered the main technique used for determining the environmental profile of products. However, there are still gaps concerning the assessment of product’s impacts from the perspective of Ecosystem Services (ES), especially when the production activity demands the use of natural resources, this has being an aspect that can interfere in the provision of ES. The aim of this study is to determine the Net Environmental Performance (NEP) of different dairy production systems. Consequently a case study was conducted in a farm characterized as confined compost barn, located in the southwest of the state of São Paulo, using 1 kg of raw milk with average fat (3.75%) and protein (2.97%) correction as the functional unit. A framework was applied to calculate the NEP by combining LCA with SE, where the ecosystem impacts and benefits were converted into monetary units. To interpret of the results, a scenario was performed to compare the system studied together with confined and semi-confined milk production systems in the regions of Paraná and Minas Gerais. The NEP was calculated only for a gate-to-gate system view, presenting an average value of R$ -0.05 BRL/kg FPCM milk, for the case study system. The other milk production scenarios in Brazil also presented negative NEP, meaning that the environmental impacts were greater than the benefits generated on each system. Finally, it is feared that the steps developed in this study for the calculation of the DAL can be used in further case studies considering also an ecological, SE-oriented view and from a more completed perspective in the product life cycle view, i.e. cradle-to-grave.