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Representação parental sobre a criança com altas habilidades ou superdotação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Braz, Paula Paulino
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Rangni, Rosemeire de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399149504309769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7708298574440290
The family institution is the first social nucleus present in the life of the individual and contributes fundamentally as a central reference point in the process of human development. However, since it is formed by several members that acts in its subjective constitution, it is recommended that investigations involving the family delimit the focus on existing relationships. For this reason, the intention of this research was to investigate the representations about giftedness through the parental figure, that is, the father, mother or other responsible adult, who assumes the role of ensuring the care, education and development of children. Assuming that raising a child with atypical development is a challenge, the guiding question of the research was: what do parents think about the giftedness indicated in their children? The main objective was to know the parental representation about the giftedness displayed in their children. The specific objectives were: a) to verify and analyze the meanings attributed by the participants to the giftedness and; b) to point out how the parental representation about the giftedness can interfere in their children's lives. For this purpose, the research was set up with a descriptive approach and adopted the Collective Subject Discourse methodology for the treatment of the data collected in a qualitative and quantitative way, describing the individual’s thoughts collectively and evaluating the degree of sharing and distribution of this thought in the group. To collect the data, the semi-structured interview was used and the sample consisted of nine (9) mothers of preschool children with giftedness. The results indicated that parents' representation about giftedness involves knowledge produced by common sense, which changes in relation to the identification of giftedness in the child. Feelings such as fear and worry are present in the lives of these parents, especially by comparison with personal experiences lived, which may interfere with the child's education. Furthermore, it was possible to verify from the selected sample the recognition of characteristics of giftedness by the participants in themselves and in close relatives after the identification of the children. The social relevance of the research is justified by the importance of the family in the education and socio-emotional development of children. Thus, knowing the aspects involved in having children identified with high potential can contribute to advances in the field, in addition to guiding the development and implementation of work involving preschool children indicated with giftedness and their family, in schools and centers and associations that serv this public.
Análise da influência da vibração de máquina na qualidade do acabamento superficial e no surgimento de delaminação durante o fresamento lateral de laminados de CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Camargo, Wesley Soares
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Shiki, Sidney Bruce
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523
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Barbosa, Gustavo Franco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4027686840017498
The use of composite materials in the manufacture of products has grown in several sectors of the industry, which promotes research and development aimed at the improvement of these materials. However, the machining conditions imposed in the manufacturing process of a material are determining factors in the final quality of the product, due to structural changes resulting from cutting forces, vibrations and temperature, in addition to other interference generated by the process in the surface finish of the machined part. . Thus, the research project in question proposes a comparative study through combinations, involving different rates of feed speed during the machining process used in the milling of parts in CFRP laminates, a material widely used in the aeronautical manufacturing industry. Analyzes were carried out regarding the integrity of the CFRP laminate, in relation to the surface finish and delamination conditions of the composite, caused by the imposed machining conditions. At the same time, the level and characteristics of the mechanical vibration exerted in the milling were monitored, according to the different parameters of feed speed adopted, in order to allow a correlation between the different variables applied in the process. CFRP laminated specimens were milled at different feed rates keeping constant rotation, on a Romi D800 CNC machining center. During the milling process, mechanical vibration signals were captured with a MEMS ADXL335 triaxial accelerometer fixed to the milled part. A rhombic-type end mill was used during machining. To evaluate the structural results obtained on the machined surface of the milled parts, the scanning electron microscopy technique was used, showing the best finish of the machined surface with higher cutting feed rates.
Variação sazonal da composição corporal de lagartos teiús (Salvator merianae) utilizando a técnica não invasiva Absorciometria de Raios-X de Dupla Energia (DEXA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Carabolante, Tiago Fabricio
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Bícego, Kênia Cardoso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0169967378071426
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9092204254024834
The significant reproductive investment in spring, preceded by metabolic and activity reduction during winter hibernation and followed by high summer activity in Salvator merianae, must be accompanied by important changes in protein, lipid and bone mineral body composition. Non-invasive techniques for measuring body composition are essential for longitudinal studies of life history, and the relationship between body condition and physiology, in addition to the consequent reduction in the number of experimental animals. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a non-invasive measurement technique that provides values of bone mineral content, lean mass and fat mass. This technique is widely used to determine the body composition of humans, as well as other mammals and birds, but its use in lizards is poorly understood, requiring validation. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: i) to validate the use of the DEXA technique, from the comparison with direct chemical analysis, to measure each component of the body composition of S. merianae lizards; ii) to determine the seasonal variation of the body composition of S. merianae from DEXA scans repeated in each season of the year. Our results show a strong correlation between the values obtained by the predictive mathematical models and values observed in the chemical analysis (r values between 0.95 and 0.99) without significant differences between the means. The results indicate changes related to the use of lipid energy reserves to meet the reproductive demand in males and females, with possible recruitment of bone calcium sources by females in egg production. Therefore, we conclude that the DEXA technique presents itself as a potential and excellent tool for measuring the body composition of tegu lizards, enabling the construction of mathematical models with high predictive power for body components and highly related to the life history of the species. With the successful validation and application in a study of seasonal variation, the use of DEXA seems to be very promising in the performance of longitudinal studies that evaluate patterns in the variation of body composition that are related to morphophysiological and bioenergetic changes, in addition to knowledge about the ecology and the life history of the species.
MOVA: uma análise bibliográfica de seus 30 anos de (re)existência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Zacharias, Maria Alice
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Braga, Fabiana Marini
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1103496815216263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9153013952010960
The present research has as its object of study the bibliographical research of the Youth and Adult Literacy Movement (MOVA) in the years 1989 to 2019, in order to understand what the academic publications of the national bases about MOVA point out, what its limitations and the elements that have kept the program active for three decades. In addition, we sought to find out if there is an announcement of emancipatory practices and/or policies that can contribute to the development and improvement of popular education and the education of young people, adults and the elderly. adapting to different contexts and, as it has humanistic and popularly based characteristics, subjects bond more easily in relation to formal education, following an active program. For this, bibliographical research was used according to the conception of Salvador (1978) and the communicative methodology (GÓMEZ et al, 2006) for data analysis, based on Paulo Freire's theory of dialogicity (1999) and on the theory of action communication by Jürgen Habermas (1989). The results refer to the collection made in the national bases, specifically the BDTD and CAPES, and indicate a great concentration in the master's research carried out in the State of RS and SP based on different themes such as curriculum, teacher training, pedagogical practices and public policies, but which mostly indicate the lack of legal support in youth and adult literacy, demonstrating the need for effective strategies to really include youth and adults in educational and training processes.
O relato de experiência e a formação docente: mapeamento de dissertações e teses (2012 a 2021)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Marcelino Lanfranco, Áurea Cristina Pires
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Fortunato, Ivan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8293044394759438
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7925903188660082
When we looked for the experience report as a methodology in the CAPES Theses and Dissertations Catalog database, we did not find any work that has mapped the trends of experience reports that are found in the area of education. Therefore, this research aims to defend that the experience report is a research methodology in education. The general objective of this research is to map the theses and dissertations, developed in Brazilian postgraduate courses, which describe experience reports developed in the classroom. The specific objectives are: to analyze the dissertations and theses, which used the experience report as a methodology; how they are being described; and finally, how these descriptions impact the continuing education of the teacher who intends to reproduce this report. This dissertation focuses on the continuing education of teachers, specifically in classroom work, where their experiences and relationships with other more experienced professionals contribute significantly to teacher education. Research that maps productions can significantly contribute to the constitution of the research field, in this case, teacher education. This dissertation is a research that brings results from the State of Knowledge, as the mapping is centered on theses and dissertations. The question that guided this work was “How is the experience report in the training of teachers in Brazilian postgraduate courses treated?”. Talking with the authors Dubar (2005), Fortunato (2018;2021), Nóvoa (2017), Perrenoud (2000), Tardif (2017) and Xavier (2014), it was possible to think, within the postgraduate academic environment, of the reality continuous training of teachers through teaching practice. Specifically in how the experience report contributes to the training of other teachers who will read the report and with the one who is reporting, with the possibility of reflecting on their own practice. Research has shown the following results: many researchers describe themselves in their reports, that is, it is not known the formation or area of activity of the teacher who wrote the research. Another result is the lack of description of the planning, so it is necessary to verify what was the plan initially outlined and whether it was possible to execute it or not. If not, it is important to describe the reasons.
Saberes geográficos compartilhados por professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental na rede de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento da docência (READ) da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Gracioli, Jéferson Muniz Alves
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Anunciato, Rosa Maria Moraes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1430569136446167
The research aimed to analyze how experienced teachers, beginners teachers and graduated teachers share geographics knowledges through intergenerational dialogue in ReAD (“Rede de Aprendizagem e Desenvolvimento da Docência” in Brazilian Portuguese, which means Teaching, Learning and Development Network). The research was carried out in an online collaborative group. The activities was realized through the creation of two groups called “Geography: learning how to read the world”, given in a free way in the 1st and 2nd semesters of 2019, with the purpose to promote changes experiences between the subjects. Data were extracted in dialogues shared with the participants, discussion forum reports and other productions in virtual learning environment. It used the ATLAS.ti analyze software to help systematization and data coding. The research presents a qualitative approach - world´s interpretive to understand the phenomena considering the meaning that people confer to it, and collaborative, because it was part of a reciprocal relationship considering professional development between beginners teachers, experienced teachers, graduated teachers and tutors. Four groups of analyses categories were established: Memories related to the professional development of primary school teachers that are ReAD´s participants; Geographics knowledges structured in intergenerational dialogues about Geography in primary school; Strategies and proposals to improve the education based on ReAD´s participants places representation and landscapes and The ReAD as a propelling online formative development for teachers in primary school. The results highlight the importance of the online intergenerational dialogues to share/exchange experiences, practices, difficulties and learnings for the teacher professional development. The research indicates that in teachers development there is an insufficiency deepening of geographic knowledges, hampering the strategies expansion and proposals for teaching practices. Finally, the ReAD´s impact as a propelling of formative actions and reflections contributes to diminish the difficulties that teachers face in their performance. In conclusion the attention of geographic knowledges in primary school allows the construction of distinct perspectives and comprehensions about educational contents with students´ background.
Avaliação da viabilidade do uso de redes neurais artificiais para o desenvolvimento de um softsensor de biomassa de microalgas em fotobiorreator
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Palma, Guilherme Meneghetti
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Horta, Antonio Carlos Luperni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5923938048634505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5582496658768821
Microalgae are natural sources of biomass, unsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, xanthophylls, vitamins, proteins, minerals and enzymes; compounds of great commercial importance. Furthermore, since biofuels have become a product of great interest to industry, especially in the energy sector, the production of microalgae has come to be widely explored by scientific institutions and private organizations. In addition to being one of the most photosynthetic efficient organisms, it requires a very small cultivation space when produced in bioreactors. Thus, the optimization of the microalgae production process in photobioreactors is of great economic interest. Currently, the measurement of biomass values and cell concentration inside reactors is one of the major limitations for the optimization and control of the process, after all, it occurs in a non-automated way by cell counting and dry mass determination methods. Therefore, the objective of this project was to evaluate the feasibility of using artificial neural networks to create a biomass instantaneous inference softsensor inside a bioreactor from light intensity data obtained by red, green and blue light sensors connected to a microcontroller. The study was carried out by cultivating the microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus in modified BG-11 culture medium in a 6L Airlift-type photobioreactor with illumination provided from a white LED panel. The content presented in this study showed artificial neural networks with MSE = 0,0278 [mg/L]2, R2=0,93 and provides substantial information for the accomplishment of the control and optimization of microalgal production inside bioreactors based only on light intensity information.
Apartidarismo ou apolítica (2002-2018): uma análise sobre o comportamento e as atitudes dos eleitores não partidários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-21)
Jaeger, Rafaella Lopes Martins
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2315282054349295
The main objective of this study is to understand the behavior and attitudes of non-partisan voters. For this analysis, we will seek to understand the behavior in relation to the relevance of this voter's vote to break the pattern of electoral competition dominated by PT and PSDB. And the analysis of attitudes in order to investigate the view of the non-partisan voter who is less educated and who has no interest in politics regarding the vote for Jair Bolsonaro in 2018. The main hypotheses are: the change in the voting pattern affected the break of the PT-PSDB bipartisan pattern and the profile of the apolitical independent is more susceptible to anti-democratic and anti-systemic appeals. In order to confirm or not these answers, the electorate was segmented based on Russell Dalton's Theory of Cognitive Mobilization (2013), which typifies the electorate into four electoral profiles, namely: cognitive partisans, ritual partisans, nonpartisans and independent apolitical, focusing on the last group. This is because, according to Borba, Gimenes and Ribeiro (2015), it would be this segment, formed by low education and low interest in politics, that would represent most Brazilians. The work was divided into three chapters: at first, the theoretical and conceptual construction of the research was presented; then, we discussed the methodological aspects based on data from the Brazilian Electoral Study (ESEB), referring to the 2002, 2014 and 2018 elections; and finally, the results were analyzed in three sections: i) the indices of the variables that make up the theory of cognitive mobilization over the years analyzed; then, ii) the aspects of the vote of voters were indicated based on the typology presented in the highlighted years and, finally, iii) the vote for Jair Bolsonaro among the apolitical independent voter in the 2018 election was investigated more deeply, profile that poses the greatest risk to democracy. It is concluded that the break of the PT-PSDB pattern was not an unexpected rupture, the vote of the non-partisan voter was important for the result of the 2018 election and, therefore, for the victory of Jair Bolsonaro, especially among apolitical independents, thus confirming the main hypotheses of this dissertation. In addition, it was demonstrated that antipetismo had a strong influence on the result among nonpartisans.
Estudos mecanísticos de reações de cicloadição e ciclização através de ferramentas experimentais e teóricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Kawamura, Meire Yasuko
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Schwab, Ricardo Samuel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6935890756504964
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Ferreira, Marco Antonio Barbosa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6874055640224407
Part 1: The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitroolefin and azides have emerged as an important approach for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole. We describe the rationalization of the regioselectivity/reactivity trends of this reaction by an experimental and theoretical exploration. DFT calculations revealed 1,5-triazole is favarable, with the rate-limiting cycloaddition step showing high asynchronicity. Kinetic studies corroborated these results, pointing to a second-order velocity law, and 13C kinetic isotopic effect (KIE) at natural abundance with a significant normal effect for the conjugated olefinic centers (1.0216 for C1β-nitro and 1.0158 for C2α-nitro). Distortion/interaction-activation strain (DIAS) and energy decomposition (EDA) analysis disclosed the regioselectivity of this reaction, showing an earlier and less distorted TS for preferred 1,5-triazole compared to 1,4-triazole regioisomer, and the interaction is favored in 1,5-triazole mainly due to on dispersion (Edisp) and electrostatic (Eelec) interactions. Additionally, we explored the mechanistic aspects of the HNO2 elimination elementary step by using quasi-classical dynamics calculations, the calculations indicate a dynamically stepwise mechanism, indicating an existence of a carbocation intermediate. Studies of the reaction between nitro-olefins and sodium azide revealed that Bronstead acid plays a fundamental role for disubstituted nitro-olefins, controlling the reactive species, wherein the path that leads to 1,2,3-NH-triazole is favorable comparing with the path that leads to Michael's adducts. A systematic study has led to the preparation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3- triazoles by the use of a-nitroolefins generated in situ. Part 2: Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have shown great potential as important tools for the synthetic organic chemistry due to the possibility of diversity and complexity generation in a single step. Among these reactions, the Ugi reaction and its variants are unique strategies that allow the introduction of an amide function in the molecular architecture. Despite the huge advantages offered by these reactions, the lack of stereocontrol is its main limitation. Therefore, this part of the project aimed to evaluate the mechanism of these transformations through theoretical DFT studies of two Ugi reaction variants. It was shown that the diastereoselectivity occurs due to non- covalent interactions, and that due to steric interactions different products were obtained: tetrahydropyridine for R1 = Ph and cyclopentene for R1 = Me substitution.
Supervisão exercida pelo enfermeiro na estratégia saúde da família: uma análise sob a perspectiva das relações de poder
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Silva, Iramildes Souza
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Silva, Jaqueline Alcântara Marcelino da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8311079340428705
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8307-8609
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2485353465158702
The base of this investigation is the supervision carried out by nurses from the perspective of power relations in the work context of the Family Health (FH) team, which consists of a favorable place for changes in health practices in Primary Health Care (PHC), due to the performance of the FH teams, which provide care, respecting the way of life of people and their families, depending on the location and communities. The supervision carried out by the nurse in the context of the work process of the FH team collaborates in the transformation of the required health practices, when we consider that the work of the nurse as a social practice has been assuming a relevant role due to the ability to recognize the complex and varied health needs of the users and families, making it possible to act in a contextualized way, in addition to stimulating interactive and reflective intra-team processes for comprehensive health care. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the supervision of nurses from the perspective of power relations in family health, with a focus on nursing and community health agents, in a city of the countryside of São Paulo. This is an exploratory, descriptive and interpretative research with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 46 FH workers and were analyzed under the framework of the work process in health and nursing; the concept of supervision; of the interprofessional work approach and its attributes in the FH and of the power category, in the Foucauldian perspective, based on the thematic content analysis. The analysis of the results allowed the construction of five thematic categories: ‘the supervision of the nurse in the perspective of control in the relations of disciplinary power in Family Health’; ‘the duality of supervision exercised by nurses in Family Health between Oppressive Power and Positive Power’; ‘the challenges for the supervision of nurses in the FH and possibilities for reframing the supervision conducted by nurses in the FH’; ‘challenges for the supervision of nurses in the SF and possibilities for reframing the supervision carried out by nurses in the SF’. The results showed that the supervision carried out by nurses in the FH has a predominance of strict control addressed in the dimension of Foucauldian disciplinary power studied. However, the power identified in supervision presented other outcomes, considering that it (power) is a producer of things, which not only controls and oppresses, but also has positive effects in the construction of healthy work environments, with appreciation of interactions, establishment of trust, strengthening of teamwork and support for workers, aspects that result in the promotion of psychological safety in the FH. There were multiple challenges for supervision in the FH, such as: the intensification of the pace of work in the FH, insufficient support from central management to conduct supervision and fear of being accused of moral harassment in the exercise of supervision. Supervision in the educational approach in health was evidenced in the nurses' work process, although it presented weaknesses to be overcome, considering the role that it has in the transformation of health practices. Even with these obstacles, possibilities for redefining supervision were identified, with advances towards strengthening interprofessional work in the FH. Keywords: Nursing Supervision. Family Health. Health Team. Interprofessional Relations. Job. Power (psychology).
Construção das transmasculinidades: memórias e narrativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Cardoso, Thomas Victor Barreto
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Leite, Kelen Christina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0993995005511082
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0411941452121030
From the 1970s onwards, studies on masculinities gained strength, driven mainly by the feminist movement and the movement in defense of sexual diversity. But only in the last two decades, transmasculine identities began to be included in these studies on masculinities. The objective of this research is to analyze the construction of these masculinities in individuals who identify themselves as transmasculine, through their narratives and memories. Reflect on the way in which these identities are incorporated directly and indirectly by them, transforming behaviors and physiognomies to achieve a hegemonic masculine ideal, in an attempt to belong, or reject themselves, as a form of resistance. As well as the possibility of creating new ways of experiencing masculinity outside the sex-gender dichotomous view. As a methodology, thematic oral history was adopted, to focus on the memories and experiences of these individuals, and their process of construction and deconstruction together with a bibliographic review. Using authors such as Michael Foucault (2018; 2019), Berenice Bento (2011; 2017), Guacira L. Louro (2015; 2018), Paul B. Preciado (2018), Raewyn Connell (1995; 2013; 2015), Benedito Medrado (2008), Pedro P. de Oliveira (2004), João Nery (2013;2017) and Guilherme Almeida (2012) for theoretical deepening in discussions about gender, masculinities, body, identity and gender violence. In the narratives, it was noticed that even understanding masculinity as a social construction, there is still influence of it in the production of their subjectivities and corporeity. In addition to directly and indirectly reproducing gender patterns as a form of protection and/or an attempt to belong.
Proposta de um sistema informatizado para a gestão de Centro de Material e Esterilização a partir do Mapa de Fluxo de Valor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Rodrigues, Cinthia Mendes
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Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0185144417072417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6633200759742389
Lean is a philosophy that seeks continuous improvement through lean production, where the aim is to do more with the fewest possible resources in order to eliminate waste and optimize processes, with the customer as the central focus of the actions developed. Lean healthcare was introduced in healthcare facilities as a management model and emerged as a means of raising quality and generating improvements without large financial contributions and/or high investments. Within the hospital environment, several support services contribute to the execution of its final activity, among them, the Central Sterile Services Department (CSSD). The CSSD is a functional technical support unit, considered a critical area, with the professional nurse responsible for planning, coordinating, executing, supervising and evaluating all steps related to the processing of health products. All these activities are very complex and therefore the CSSD flows and processes must be monitored. Through the use of technological resources, lean healthcare management can be improved, because through the elimination of waste, simplification and standardization of processes, it raises the level of operational efficiency with a focus on the customer. This study aimed to identify and apply lean healthcare tools that would contribute to the improvement of flows and processes in CSSD and from this to develop a prototype of a computerized system. This is research with a qualitative approach, applied in terms of nature, descriptive and exploratory in terms of objectives, of the action-research type in terms of procedures. This study was developed in four phases: integrative literature review, implementation of lean healthcare tools, development of a computerized system prototype and testing and evaluation. The results of this research showed that the application of several lean healthcare tools, including the 5S tool, the spaghetti diagram, the poka yoke, process mapping, production planning and control, kaizen events, the effort matrix versus impact, the value stream mapping (VSM), visual management and the standardization of technical activities, can contribute to the optimization of work processes in CSSD and bring significant contributions in terms of eliminating waste and bottlenecks, as they allow dynamic way, a situational overview, identification of opportunities for improvement, acting on the root causes of problems with the parties involved and proposing decision-making in a way that is more directed to the needs of customers, patients and the institution's mission. From the application of lean healthcare tools, particularly the VSM analysis, it was possible to identify bottlenecks and waste, and based on this analysis a prototype of a computerized system based on lean healthcare was developed in order to eliminate waste and optimize resources and its technical and functional quality was evaluated based on the requirements of ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 14598-6 that defines the requirements and provides guidelines for the practice of evaluating software products. The research could also favor the understanding and application of lean healthcare practices combined with the computerization of CSSD records and encourage other researchers to disseminate knowledge in this field of study.
Percepção sobre a importância de áreas naturais sob a ótica dos serviços ecossistêmicos: um estudo em Boituva, SP.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Consorti, Giovana Francesca Rodrigues
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Prado, Helbert Medeiros
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ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/726699544830622
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Leite, Eliana Cardoso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2186623269243747
The maintenance of ecosystem services, essential for humanity, is extremely necessary, and for that, knowing how people perceive and interact with nature becomes fundamental. Given the relevance for conservation and the pressure due to real estate expansion in the region of a watershed with urban/rural interface in Boituva/SP, this study proposed to analyze how people perceive the importance and role of green/protected areas close to them, and the ecosystem services (SEs) provided by this watershed, in addition to evaluating the support of the population regarding the implementation of a Municipal Natural Park in the area in question. Using a semi-structured form, residents of the Ribeirão Pau D'Alho watershed were asked about their knowledge of forests or green areas close to their homes, and the positivity and benefits of having them close by. It was also asked about the agreement with the ecosystem services provided by these areas and whether or not to support the creation of a Conservation Unit. The results showed that most of the interviewees recognize forests and green areas close to their homes and how beneficial they are, even though a few citations have indicated a negative perception concerning the forests, related to the poor management and abandonment of these places. The qualitative investigation addressed the analysis of metaphors used to explain the reasons for finding it positive to have nearby forests, support for the creation of a Conservation Unit, and other spontaneous quotes, revealing that all types of services were remembered, with emphasis on cultural services. The quantitative approach indicated 84% of total agreement with the statements that explained ecosystem services, highlighting that regulatory services 2 (pest and disease control) were the least perceived. Correlating the socioeconomic profile with the agreements, the data showed that women agreed more with the statements about cultural, provision, and support services, showing concern for future generations. It can be observed that older people mainly perceived the regulatory services 2 (which compared to the others was the least perceived) suggesting that experience and experimentation increase the affective and cognitive relationship with nature. Respondents with higher incomes and who spent their childhood in large cities or capitals had a greater perception related to regulatory services 1 (pollution, climate, and water-related issues), evidencing the environmental degradation caused by the demand for resources and urbanization. It was not evident the different perception between residents of rural and urban areas, for one or more ecosystem services. Approximately 90% of the population indicated that they fully or partially supported the creation of a UCPI. It is worth mentioning that Boituva is a municipality of tourist interest, it is suffering real estate pressure, and that this study was carried out during a time of social isolation, factors that possibly contributed to the interviewees' perception of the need for contact with nature, and consequently, may have heightened the perception of cultural services. The results and discussions presented by this study may provide subsidies for public policies, environmental planning, adaptation, and the creation of protected areas. Keywords: Perception. Metaphors. Green Areas. Conservation Units.
Introdução de tópicos de Física Térmica e Cristalografia no ensino médio utilizando um simulador mecânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Cristino, Wesley Moura Boracchi
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Souza, James Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4221637977209007
In the last decades, physics education research has shed light on the difficulties and obstacles that students and teachers encounter in learning physics. In response, a wide variety of new methods and models of physics instruction, software, computer simulations, experiments, among others, have become available as a remedial course to the problem. In this work we present the development and application of a Potentially Meaningful Teaching Unit (PMTU), aiming to introduce Thermal Physics and Crystallography concepts in high school. Our PMTU is based on the construction of a motorized mechanical simulator designed to represent atoms from a crystal lattice of a solid material. The device was primarily designed to facilitate the abstraction on the thermal motion of a crystal lattice. Our proposal is based on David Ausubel's theory of meaningful learning, whose most important elements are the students' prior knowledge and their predisposition to learn. Our educational product consists of a didactic sequence elaborated in the form of handouts (ebook) for the teacher and for the student, tutorials for the construction of the mechanical simulator and a measuring device, named as vibrometer, and a website for the availability of the elaborated material and also to establish a centralized remote channel of communication between the teacher and the students through forums, discussions and for delivering the proposed activities. The Teacher Ebook was prepared with the answers to the proposed problems, as well as pedagogical recommendations and suggestions for developing the activities in the classroom. The Student Ebook is a simplified version of that. The ebook format is established to facilitate printing and to individualize their use. Our PMTU was applied to students of a high school class, at a private school in the city of São Roque, municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Owing the COVID-19 pandemic, the application of the product was carried out almost entirely online. Our proposal was hugely successful in the classroom. The students engaged in a very satisfactory way in the development of the activities, allowing a better abstraction on the microscopic behavior of solid systems.
Desenvolvimento de um sistema digital na perspectiva do Desenho Universal para a Aprendizagem (DUA): formação de professores para elaboração de planos de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Mendoza, Babette de Almeida Prado
;
Gonçalves, Adriana Garcia
;
lattes.cnpq.br/3907378784787581
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7755698523233061
This research aimed to plan, develop and evaluate a prototype of a digital system designed to guide, in a self-directed way, the elaboration of a lesson plan that applies the principles of Universal Design for Learning from the perspective of Inclusive Education. The Inclusive Education perspective seeks to make effective the full inclusion of all students in regular classes since Early Childhood Education. Therefore, the regular education teacher at different levels must seek to respond adequately to the specific demands of students with disabilities, global developmental disorders, and high abilities/giftedness, and these must also be aligned with the demands of other students who have specific characteristics. and different learning styles, skills, repertoires and levels of difficulty. The research problem of the present study derives from this context, as it starts from the observation that there is a repressed demand for continuing teacher education programs that deal with this reality experienced by regular education teachers. Unlike Brazil, solutions based on general strategies as proposed by the Universal Design for Learning, and not only on individualized adaptations, have been applied as effective pedagogical practices for more than two decades in other countries. For the theoretical basis on Universal Design for Learning, publications from the Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST) were used, which is the main leader in research and training, responsible for conceptually outlining, researching and training teachers and managers in Universal Design for Learning (UDL). This is a research of mixed nature, qualitative and quantitative, exploratory and descriptive. The study consists of the following stages: the first stage was composed of the planning, development and evaluation of a virtual continuing education program for 32 teachers of regular classes of elementary school - cycle I - and for AEE teachers, in order to guide them and motivate them to collaboratively develop lesson plans with Universal Design for Learning; the second stage consisted in the development of a prototype of a medium fidelity digital system that allows the teacher to be able to individually or collaboratively, in a self-directed way, develop a lesson plan with DUA, this development adopted the User-Centered Design methodology; and the third stage was the evaluation of the prototype by two groups of judges (with technical profile and end-user profile). Adding the scores of very satisfactory and satisfactory to the question about the study dynamics and training activities (7% and 65% respectively), we obtained 95% approval and part of this course study material was adjusted to be available on the prototype. The evaluation of the interface and functionality of the prototype were positive, and it was also considered that the guidelines provided met the proposed objective. Based on Heuristic Analysis and Usability Testing, the two groups of judges evaluated that the prototype responds to Niensen's 10 heuristics and that the observations raised by the evaluators refer to elements of low severity, which do not interfere with navigation and execution and that do not need immediate correction. The research suggested that the digital prototype would be viable as a resource to support initial and continuing teacher training programs on Universal Design for Learning from the perspective of Inclusive Education.
Os caminhos pedagógicos de Janusz Korczak: análise documental de teses e dissertações nacionais de 1999 a 2017
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Dalmasio, Olini Gioconda
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Fortunato, Ivan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8293044394759438
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4777223129000239
This work had as a proposal to develop the theme: “The pedagogical paths of Janusz Korczak: documental analysis of national theses and dissertations from 1999 to 2017”, in the educational area, in order to seek the pedagogical knowledge in the works found, which can support the teaching practice. The general objective pointed out to direct this dissertation was to present Korczak's contributions in the teaching-learning process, focusing on consulted works, theses and dissertations, proposing to suggest his name to appear as a research source in the bibliography indicated for teacher education. In this sense, to support our objective, we use the State of Knowledge methodology for data collection (Romanowski & Ens, 2005). Thus, we searched in theses and dissertations in the repository of Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), productions that bring their pedagogy to compose this research. We made a cut in the pedagogical model of master Korczak, available from 1999 to 2017. With this, we intend to contribute to the discussion of the exercise of teaching and take advantage of the knowledge of this master pedagogue in the training and pedagogical practice of the teacher. We divided this work into three chapters, the first on Korczak's life, the second was to present the theses and dissertations found at CAPES and the last one, about a theoretical discussion with the authors of the presented works. Korczak's educational vision had educational lines and proposals similar to those of Jean Jaques Rousseau, Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, John Dewey, Maria Montessori, Ovide Decroly, Henri Wallon, Célestin Freinet, also similar to the line of Paulo Reglus Neves Freire, and a taste verified by the literature of Leo Nikolaevitch Tolstoy. The results found, even though they were few, served to support our indications in light of the exposed grandeur of his work. Janusz Korczak, pseudonym of Henryk Goldszmit, polish it was a medical and educator, born in Warsaw in 1878, worked as a pedagogue under the democratic principles of education. He was a critic of the traditional school regarding the contents and the inadequate treatment given to students.
Testes bayesianos em ensaios clínicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Silva, Josimara Tatiane da
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Andrade Filho, Mario de Castro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6518161034709249
;
Cobre, Juliana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042802390444616
In this thesis, we propose two new Bayesian approaches for equivalence hypotheses testing for proportions and prove that these Bayesian hypotheses tests are equivalent. These Bayesian methodologies applied to equivalence tests combine frequentist and Bayesian tools from the perspective of decision theory, in which optimal decision rules are used to minimize the linear combination of the probabilities of type I and II errors, in addition to the use of a significance level as a function of sample size. Thus, these Bayesian methodologies overcome some limitations of the frequentist approach, predominantly used for equivalence testing. Moreover, we perform a Bayesian robustness study for the significance tests. We propose a sensitivity index by using the derivative of the constructed statistical functionals. The results of real data analysis show that this sensitivity index satisfactorily measures the local sensitivity of prior quantities with respect to the choice of the prior distribution. A simulation study was carried out to assess the rate of the type I error probability and the power of the tests under different scenarios. We also evaluate overdispersed count data by means of a misspecification analysis. We present a table to determine, in a practical way, the optimal sample size. The developed methodologies are illustrated for bioequivalence tests in the context of clinical trials.
Moldando a nova Pátria: o ensino primário na construção do patriotismo e civismo em Angatuba/SP (1930-1945)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Rocha, Diego Tadeu de Oliveira
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Coutinho, Luciana Cristina Salvatti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2688318704089723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7059566241533110
This dissertation has as its theme the development of the civic-patriotic formation that occurred in the city of Angatuba/SP during the first government of Getúlio Vargas (1930-1945), from the pedagogical instruments used in primary education. The problem that guided the investigation questioned how the mechanisms of reproduction of patriotism, civism, moralism and nationalism were developed in primary education with the use of the "authoritarian pedagogy" focused on the formation of the conscience of the "new Brazilian citizen", with the objective imposed on education by the Vargas government line of thought, making the educational process an important instrument for the consolidation of political ideals. To do so, in the context of the History of Education, the methodology of the plural typological pluralism of documents was used in face of the bibliographical and documental research, as well as the qualitative research, consulting dialectically the primary sources preserved in the locality, such as the newspaper A Folha de Angatuba, the primers and textbooks, besides the collection of orality. The research aimed, therefore, to understand the organization of the pedagogical process in primary education as an instrument to form the feeling of belonging and love for the homeland in the future Brazilian citizens.
Por uma arqueologia da plantação subjetiva: fugas pós-estruturalistas da antropologia ecológica contemporânea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Espósito, Yuri Bataglia
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Dulley, Iracema Hilário
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3004789177515766
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0791-5313
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3995433705309213
This dissertation investigates theoretical and methodological possibilities for contemporary anthropological analyses of subjectivation processes in colonial contexts. Paying attention to the epistemic renewal movement currently manifest in a certain ecological anthropology, poststructuralist thinking is invoked on a search for methodological lines of flight that allow the departure from modern paradigms of knowledge linked to the colonial power regime. The archeology of discourse, formulated by Michel Foucault and developed by Gilles Deleuze, is operated as a critique of empiricism and the individualization of the subject, epistemic assumptions that underlie the hegemonic anthropological methodology, fieldwork. Then, in the works of Anna Tsing and Donna Haraway are observed descriptions that relate the contemporary ecological crisis to colonial, capitalist and anthropocentric power-knowledge regimes, listing the colonial agricultural plantation as the paradigmatic landscape project of the extraction and exhaustion of ways of life. This formulation is compared to Félix Guattari‘s micropolitical theories on capitalistic subjective ecology, allowing the consideration that processes of exploration and expropriation operate in subjective landscapes as well as in social and environmental landscapes. This set of theoretical-methodological investigations is illustrated by historical considerations on modern christian missions in african territory, examining them as producers, in the subjective ecology, of diagrams of power equivalent to those of the colonial agricultural plantation.
Estudo sobre a reciclagem de fibras têxteis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22)
Sato, Ian Hideyuki Fugitani
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Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0896060959622431
In order to transform the textile industry into something sustainable, the origin and production must be studied, and in addition, it is expected that there will be a greater importance of recycled products in the future, since there is concern about the scarcity of raw material that has become a recurring theme in recent times. Recycling textile fibers is still in its infancy and will still face several challenges to consolidate and become a recurrent practice. In order to add, this work compiles knowledge that helps textile recycling, being one of the points addressed the classification of fibers suggesting that the fibers are separated aiming at their chemical characteristics and not their origin approaching how the recycling of polymers is done. We also address some problems already faced in textile recycling such as mixed fibers and study new methods that are being developed little by little, such as biological degradation. And we briefly discussed how textile fiber recycling is in Brazil. Based on the authors used with reference, we conclude that it is an activity with great potential and that has been showing great economic and environmental importance