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Estudo da ação antimicrobiana de Ga(NO3)3 em cepas bacterianas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-03)
Assis, Amanda Stefanie Jabur de
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Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3438650971860266
According to the World Health Organization in 2020, from all hospitalized patients, a share of cases are infections acquired in a hospital environment due to invasive procedures. For decades, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains have been reported as the main cause of hospital infections. In this way, these microorganisms have developed resistance to various medications over time, reducing the diversity of means to contain their action, highlighting the importance of developing new alternatives with antimicrobial properties. Thus, the use of gallium (Ga3+), which causes harmful effects to bacterial activities due to its characteristics and physicochemical properties similar to those of iron (Fe3+), leads to the possibility to regulate the growth of both planktonic forms and biofilms. Therefore, due to the antimicrobial potential of Ga3+ compounds, this work has performed serial microdilution tests in order to identify the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) capable of reducing the growth of representative strains of E. coli and S. aureus. It was possible to verify a reduction in the growth of these microorganisms at 11.25 μM and 1.40 μM of gallium nitrate (Ga(NO3)3), respectively. Thus, the concentrations obtained in this work were able to reduce 50% of the growth of tested microorganisms. This result showed that minor concentrations of Ga(NO3)3 were sufficient against nosocomial pathogens cultures when compared to the literature data.
Produção integrada de etanol de cana-de-açúcar e milho em usinas flex: simulação e análises tecno-econômica e ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-03)
Oliveira, Luiza Stolte Bezerra Lisbôa de
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5653079460114658
Liquid biofuels are important alternatives to traditional fossil fuels, not only environmentally, but also socially and from an energy security standpoint. Brazil has a consolidated infrastructure for the production, distribution, and commercialization of biofuels, in particular ethanol. Even though sugarcane has been the main raw material used for ethanol production for years, the processing of corn for ethanol production has been experiencing a rapid growth, especially in the Center-West region. This project evaluated the technical, economic and environmental feasibility of corn ethanol production integrated to a standalone sugarcane ethanol distillery (called flex plant). The standalone distillery processes 4 million tons of sugarcane in the harvest season, and one scenario considers cogeneration from sugarcane straw during the off-season. Two scenarios for corn ethanol production were studied: conventional (sequential liquefaction, saccharification and fermentation) and simultaneous (simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of non-liquefied starch), each processing about 246 and 208 thousand tons of corn in the off-season. The process simulator Aspen Plus was used to estimate capital costs and process yields. The incremental capital cost for the flex plants was 53,8 and 52,9 million dollars for the conventional and simultaneous scenarios, respectively, and the increase in anhydrous ethanol production, relative to the amount produced in the harvest season from sugarcane, was 25,2 and 21,3%. The NPV (Net Present Value) of the flex plants was 86,1 and 63,9 million dollars, following an incremental approach. However, the Maximum Purchase Price for Corn (MPPC) was around 58 R$/60kg, which is lower than the price in Mato Grosso for February 2022 (75 R$/60kg). The risk analysis indicated that the probability of profitability for the incremental flex plants is around 68%. The open software OpenLCA was used to perform the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The incorporation of corn ethanol production increased the impact in the global warming category by 6% (from 0,533 to 0,564 kg CO2 eq/kg ethanol), relative to the value obtained for the standalone distillery with cogeneration from straw. In addition, the impact on the freshwater ecotoxicity category was 6 to 7 times greater for the flex scenarios than for the standalone distillery, due to the high application of pesticides during corn cultivation. This suggests that improvements to this impact category should be made at the agricultural level.
Avaliação ecotoxicológica das águas do Rio Pirajibú por análises de biomarcadores em girinos de rã-touro, Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-03)
Silva, Fábio Henrique da
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Carvalho, Cleoni dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7233550271936621
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Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254
In Sorocaba/SP, the Pirajibú river courses the industrial zone of the city, and receives the effluents discharge from several companies. This river is classified as class 2, according to the criteria defined by Brazilian environmental law (CONAMA nº 357/2005), and State of Sao Paulo environmental law (Decree nº 8468/1976). The classification, appearance and characteristics, indicates that Pirajibú water does not result in mortality to aquatic organisms, however, the sublethal or toxicological effects have not been studied yet. Considering this gap, the present study aimed to promote an ecotoxicological and water quality assessment of the Pirajibú river. To perform it, water collections were carried out in the river at upstream and downstream from the industrial zone. The water samples were subjected to analysis of physicochemical parameters. The ecotoxicological tests were carried out through the analysis of biomarkers in the liver of bullfrog tadpoles, exposed for 96 hours to the waters of the Pirajibú river. The biomarkers analyzed include reduced glutathione (GSH - tripeptide), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the metabolites glucose, proteins and triglycerides. The metals and other physical chemical analyzes, indicated that the downstream of the industrial zone has a lower quality than the upstream point. Regarding the biomarkers analysis, the activity of the GPx enzyme was significantly lower in the upstream group (6.94 ± 0.99 nmol Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate - NADPH / min / mg protein) compared to the control (14.11± 4.88 nmol NADPH / min / mg protein), while GST had significantly higher activity in the downstream group (53.674 ± 11.47 nmol Tioéter / min / mg protein) compared to the control group (36.42 ± 7.98 nmol of nmol Tioéter / min / mg protein). In reference to others biomarkers, no significant changes were observed between the control organisms and those exposed to the waters of the Pirajibú river. This result demonstrated that exposure for 96 hours was not able to change most of the biomarkers evaluated, but not enough to rule out the potential of the waters of this river provide oxidative stress, and other sublethal effects in bullfrog tadpoles.
Estrutura da paisagem agrícola e relevo no contexto da conectividade florestal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Soares, Fabiana da Silva
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Morales, Milton Vinicius
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3489124504372716
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Valente, Roberta Averna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
Forest fragmentation, as a result of anthropic activities such as urbanization and agriculture, negatively impacts biodiversity and ecosystem services, threatening the connectivity of the landscape, whether structural or functional. Understanding the landscape structure and connectivity by focusing on forest fragments under the influence of relief is the objective of this study. To this end, we combined landscape ecology metrics, the index of Connectivity Probability (through Graph Theory) with the relief, through Digital Terrain Model (DTM), in the sub-basin of the Pirapora River. The characterization of the structure presented a landscape of agricultural matrix with high vegetation cover, predominantly wavy to strongly wavy relief, large fragments in the upstream and mouth of the sub-basin, close together and with complex shapes. When inserting the relief element, there were more significant differences in the metrics when the slope class is undulating and strongly undulating, especially in the metrics related to area and distance from the nearest neighbor. The functional connectivity of the landscape showed a high probability of connectivity, either in the ecological network or in its spatial potential and the relief impacted directly, making it more costly for the flow and maintenance of species in the fragments. In this context, it is necessary to explore the combination of landscape ecology metrics, connectivity indices, and relief at different scales and methods to better understand the landscape and its phenomena. In addition to actions for conservation and preservation of forest fragments mainly in the agricultural matrix, along riparian zones and small fragments (more fragile), that is, in territorial planning with a focus on forest preservation.
Seleção e caracterização molecular e fermentativa de leveduras personalizadas para a produção de vinhos brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Novaes, Hosana Ribeiro de
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Cunha, Anderson Ferreira da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329741640375661
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0537497035369247
Brazilian wine production has been standing out with high quality awarded wines around the world. However, major changes are still needed so that our country can compete with other wineries in the world. Among them, we can highlight the use of selected yeasts adapted to grapes planted in Brazilian soil. So that they can, in addition to metabolizing the sugars present in the grapes, produce primary and secondary metabolic compounds crucial for the elaboration of a typical premium quality wine. In the Brazilian market there are only commercial yeast strains acquired from international suppliers, due to Brazil does not have this resource. The use of these commercial yeasts in the winemaking process does not provide the wine with its own organoleptic characteristics, since these strains, because they are not selected on Brazilian soil, do not have the adapted metabolic pathways necessary to increase the typicality of local wines. Observing this scenario, the present project followed the dynamics of microorganisms during 3 harvests/production both in the vines and during the fermentation process, in a winery in the region of Amparo-SP, aiming at the selection of native yeasts to act as initiators (starters) in the fermentation process. A similar process was carried out on a laboratory scale in January 2019 using the must grape that was being vinified at the winery in order to compare both fermentation processes. Through this monitoring, we isolated 406 yeasts from both processes, being 347 non-Saccharomyces yeasts that, after sequencing the ITS region, we identified that they were distributed in 23 different species and 65 Saccharomyces. When performing genotyping analyzes on these isolated Saccharomyces strains, 5 they were shown to be different from each other and also different from the commercial strains commonly used for wine production in Brazil. Therefore, they are new isolated strains. The other strains showed the same amplification profile of the commercial strains and the 5 new identified strains. The analyses also verified that the isolated Saccharomyces strains isolated in the winery environment actively participated in the fermentation process. These new strains were submitted to physiological analyzes to verify their capacity and performance in wine production. In all analyzes realized, they showed performance equal to or superior to that of commercial strains. These strains would already be naturally more adapted to the fermentation process and could bring peculiar characteristics to the production of wines, contributing to the elaboration of a distinct drink. In addition, an understanding of the yeast microbiota present both in the winery and in the fermentation process can help to better understand the succession dynamics of these microorganisms, being an important element in the characterization of the national wine’s terroir, thus preserving its historical identity, quality and geographical origin.
A neurociência aplicada à educação especial: em foco a formação dos professores do atendimento educacional especializado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Borges, Angelita Salomão Muzeti
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Denari, Fátima Elisabeth
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3473031642650592
Historically, Special Education has been presented in different arrangements, carried out in different places, with different purposes in terms of care for students with disabilities. Such arrangements were intertwined with socially constructed conceptions of disability, presenting different approaches, which influenced in social, cognitive and psychological development of these students. In contemporary times, education follows international aspirations stated in international movements for human rights which, in Brazil, resulted in the proposal of the National Policy on Special Education in the Perspective of Inclusive Education in 2008, which proposed Specialized Educational Assistance (AEE) as support for educational inclusion of students with disabilities in the regular school system. In this context, specialist teachers in Special Education who perform AEE assume an important role in educational inclusion of these students, deserving special attention with regard to their continuing education. In this way, it is important for these teachers to understand the brain processes of learning pointed out by Neuroscience, which can facilitate and optimize this process, in the development of skills or resources, enabling the conscious choice of the best didactic-pedagogical strategy, aiming at cognitive and psychosocial development of students. Therefore, Neuroscience states the importance of the richness of stimuli found in the varied environment of regular school, correlating learning with the need for frequent adaptability. It also presents the four facilitating supports of learning that are exercised by the development of executive functions, which make neuroscientific knowledge important for pedagogical performance in AEE. The present research, configured as exploratory and qualitative, concerns in action research carried out in a municipal education network located in the northeast of São Paulo State and aimed to analyze the possibilities of a training course with AEE teachers, develop the theoretical construction and expand pedagogical strategies based on the principles of Neuroscience. As part of the action research, a continuing education course was applied in 2021 to professionals specializing in Special Education, with twelve teachers from the multifunctional resource rooms who perform the AEE. During the course, open questionnaires were used through Google forms, in order to verify previous knowledge of the participants, as well as the learning that took place during the continuing education course. Due to Covid-19 pandemic, the course took place through Google Meet using training moments in synchronous and asynchronous setup. The results derived from the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2004) in which they pointed out that the participants expanded their knowledge about neuroscience and its contributions to the learning of students with disabilities, expanding the possibilities of didactic-pedagogical strategies as interventional actions for fundamental development of students. During the course, they also expanded the reflections on neuroscientific elements of learning, attributing importance to the development of the supports pointed out by Neuroscience, and considerably adding to the understanding of the development of executive functions and the neurobiological modification that occurred in the learning process.
Pacto agrário brasileiro: trajetórias, dilemas e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Alexandre, Leone Santos
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Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1745989811382075
This monograph aims to analyze the agrarian issue under the locus of the agrarian pact, in a timeframe that includes the coming to power of Getúlio Vargas, in 1930, until more contemporary developments of the government of Jair Bolsonaro, in 2020, so as to cover 90 years of struggle for land and (re)arrangements in maintaining the large rural property as the main scenario in the countryside. We engage in a dialogue with extensive literature in the fields of political science, sociology, and economics, thus seeking to bring different interpretations regarding the conceptualization of the Brazilian agrarian pact. In this sense, what is addressed in this work is one of the most intrinsic elements of the agrarian issue, namely: the continuous transfiguration of the lethargic large property, in different periods of national history, to technical and economic conceptions of modernity, while maintaining the unequal land ownership structure and against public policies for agrarian reform. Finally, the intention is to explore the theme of the agrarian pact with a temporal amplitude capable of painting, in a vast context, the current immobility in the transformations imposed on the rural areas, as a rule, made from the top down.
Construção de reator de plasma frio para aplicações de filmes finos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Pinto, Henrique Moreira
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Cirino, Giuseppe Antônio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4223181147426711
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1892830156898660
It is about the construction of a sputtering system, through the use of a cold plasma reactor, for the deposition of metallic thin films. Basically, this system works by ejecting atoms from a material (target) by the bombardment of argon ions. This process occurs through the ionization of Argon gas, which has its ions accelerated towards the target and when they collide with the material, ejection occurs, and these separate atoms are deposited on the substrate, forming a thin film of this material. The process for applying metallic thin films through sputtering is used in several areas, such as industrial use, for beautifying and coating parts, food packaging, jewelry, photovoltaic applications and academic research. The construction was made with components found on the market, taken from other electronic equipment, vacuum system and machined parts. The use of this experience can be applied in several areas, and the object of study for this case is to characterize the deposition equipment through the relationship between the thickness of the deposited thin film and deposition time. In addition, the ohmic resistance and the uniformity rate of the deposited material (relationship thickness and distance from the center of the anode) were also characterized. Due to the characterization of the equipment, several other characterizations can be made, such as through analysis of the purity and structure of the generated film, in addition to comparing the equipment in terms of deposition rate and others of interest, being able to use it by laboratories within and outside the University, because the rack that holds the reactor, despite being robust, has wheels at its base, allowing it to be transported with care.
Adaptação transcultural do programa iSupport para cuidadores familiares de pessoas que vivem com demência para o contexto brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Monteiro, Diana Quirino
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Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081
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Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119
iSupport, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), is an online tool that aims to increase access to mental health support for caregivers of people living with dementia. The objective of this study was to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation of the generic version of the WHO iSupport program for the Brazilian context. For this, two articles were developed: (1) iSupport-Brasil: Cross-cultural adaptation of the content of the iSupport program for people living with dementia; and (2) iSupport-Brasil: Preliminary results of usability and acceptability assessment by caregivers of people living with dementia. In the first one, the content was translated into Brazilian Portuguese by a professional translator trained in Psychology, with mastery of the original language of the content (English), and, after reviewing the material by the researchers, focus groups were held to analyze the content. translated. Participants were 24 family caregivers of people living with dementia and 24 health and aging professionals from three Brazilian regions. Participants were given access to a portion of the iSupport material for review. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between June and September 2019. All interviews were recorded and transcribed in full for further analysis. The proposed changes mainly referred to terms and actions that are common in Brazilian culture and that better represent the routine of caregivers. All suggestions were forwarded and approved by WHO. The second article was carried out in two stages. In step 1, the usability of the iSupport-Brasil online platform was evaluated by nine (former) family caregivers of people with dementia, using a self-administered online questionnaire about their perceptions of the platform's interface. The evaluation of the performance of tasks in the interface showed that most caregivers reported that the system has a user-friendly interface, assigning maximum grade (5 points) both to the system (55.6% of caregivers) and to the relevance of the system's content (77.8% of caregivers). In step 2, ten family caregivers of people with dementia answered self-administered online questionnaires about the perception and acceptability of the system, in addition to the System Usability Scale (SUS). Most caregivers indicated good levels of satisfaction and usefulness of the program, with 60.0% being very satisfied and 80.0% being very useful. Regarding acceptability, they indicated the program as very useful (80.0%), would recommend it to other caregivers (100.0%) and indicated a preference for doing the program in the online format. The SUS total score was 86.5 (±11.5) suggesting an excellent perception of the program's usability. From the suggestions of the participants, improvements were made to the program in relation to: style, aesthetics and functional requirements such as lack of feedback after answering the interface questions. It is hoped that the procedures adopted in this research can help in the cross-cultural adaptation of iSupport for use in other countries. As a product of this research, the interface of the iSupport-BR program is updated and ready to assess the effects of this intervention on the mental health of family caregivers of people living with dementia.
Fertirrigação em pessegueiro nas cultivares "Aurora" e "Fascínio"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Carvalho, Thaila Priscilane de
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Nassif, Daniel Silveira Pinto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2969535606899836
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4696546070348066
Fertigation is a technology that consists of the application of fertilizers via irrigation water, making nutrients available in a more assimilable way for the plant. This method is recognized for minimizing nutrient losses through leaching or volatilization. In the production of fruit species in temperate climates, there is a growing investment in this technology, given the benefits provided for the development of the plant and the fruit. In this sense, the research sought to evaluate the feasibility of applying fertilizers via irrigation water in the vegetative development of peach cultivars "Aurora" and "Fascínio" in an orchard implanted for two years. In this study, the use of urea as a source of nitrogen and potassium chloride as a source of potassium was addressed. The amount of nutrients was calculated through chemical soil analysis. The method of Penman-Monteith FAO – 56 was used to calculate evapotranspiration. The calculation of the water requirement required by the crop was obtained through the crop coefficient (Kc). Through the results obtained, it was verified that fertigation did not show an effective response for the cultivars, in relation to the other analyzed treatments.
Estudo ab initio das propriedades estruturais e eletrônicas de óxidos de tungstênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Neto, Arquiminio Bomfim da Silva
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Cordeiro, Marco Aurélio Liutheviciene
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787678071396324
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-3083
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0476510821617091
In the last two decades, tungsten oxide (WO3) has been a target of the scientific and technological interest community due to its optical and magnetic properties, which finds important applications such as sensors, electrochromic devices, protective layers against chemical attacks, photonics, hydrogen generation, among others. Owing to the need to understand and improve the properties of this class of material, it is essential to describe the electronic and structural behavior of these materials. By using one of the most successful protocols for solving the Schrödinger equation, the “Density Functional Theory”, this study focuses on the study of the structural and electronic properties of the cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic and triclinic phases of tungsten oxide in order to provide fundamental insights into the understanding of the material.
Orgulho de ser leitor: uma análise discursiva do que enunciam jovens leitores sobre si e sobre a leitura em postagens na rede social SKOOB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Silva, Andrei Cezar da
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Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7913540199555836
This work, as well as other research conducted by LIRE - Laboratório de Estudos da Leitura (CNPq-UFSCar), aims to analyze discourses on reading and to comprehend representations of this practice shared by different communities of readers. It is part of the project currently coordinated by our supervisor, entitled “Proud readers, ashamed readers: emotions in discourses on reading”, whose goal is to deduce, through the analysis of discourses on reading, the expression of emotions, also defined by the “order of discourse”, as regular forms of arguing, as a relatively protocol duty/power when talking about a particular practice or the subjects that undertake it. In this dissertation, we present the results of our research, which consisted in the survey, description and analysis of very peculiar statements: comments from young readers in which they expressed “pride” of reading, pride of being a reader. To do this, we constituted a corpus of statements from posts by young internet users registered in the social network SKOOB, self-declared as the “largest social network of readers in Brazil”. In their comments about works already read or that they still intend to read, they present evaluations of the works, authors and genres, establish relationships with other readers, and talk about themselves as readers. What is enunciated about reading in these posts interests us to the extent that what is enunciated echoes consensual collective representations that these young people, as well as all of us, subjects of the same time and space, share about this practice. From the analysis of what these young people say, we deduce the ways they use to present/recognize themselves as readers and what discourses about reading these forms of self-representation go back to, focusing on those statements in which there is the enunciation, direct or indirect, of “pride” (or pride as its effect) related to the reading condition. In order to identify probable continuities and/or discontinuities in the discourses about reading that circulate among us today, as well as to describe regularities and variations in the representations of “pride” regarding this practice, among this specific segment of the reading public, we subsidize our analysis on principles of Discourse Analysis, the Cultural History of reading and the History of sensibilities/emotions. As we have observed, the forms of enunciation of juvenile reader “pride” respond to certain historically validated and hegemonic reading protocols about the reading condition. Among the forms of expression of reading-related 'pride', one of them concerns the actualization of the representation that to be a reader is to read a lot and always, be it the same work, repeatedly, or several distinct works, simultaneously and sequentially.
Obesidade abdominal dinapênica e suas repercussões sobre o metabolismo dos carboidratos, lipídeos, incidência de síndrome metabólica e mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares em pessoas maiores de 50 anos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-07)
Ramírez Muñoz, Paula Camila
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Alexandre, Tiago da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9108932694410237
Among physical and metabolic changes in the aging process, obesity and dynapenia stand out. Although some cross-sectional evidence demonstrates that dynapenic abdominal obesity (AO/D) defined as a combination of decreased neuromuscular strength and central obesity, may further impair carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as increase the risk of metabolic syndrome and mortality from cardiovascular diseases than dynapenia or obesity alone. To the best of our knowledge, no longitudinal studies have evaluated such hypotheses. Thus, the present thesis has three objectives: 1) To analyze whether AO/D impairs the trajectories of the lipid profile and carbohydrate metabolism and whether there are gender differences in these trajectories, 2) To analyze whether AO/D is a risk factor for the incidence of metabolic syndrome, and 3) To analyze whether AO/D increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. In order to respond the proposed objectives, individuals aged 50 years or older participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) were analyzed. Dynapenic abdominal obesity was defined based on waist circumference (> 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women) and grip strength (< 26 kg for men and < 16 kg for women). The participants were classified as non-abdominally obese/non-dynapenic (NAO/ND), abdominally obese/non-dynapenic (AO/ND), non-abdominally obese/dynapenic (NAO/D) and abdominally obese/dynapenic (AO/D). To study the trajectory of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the dependent variables were the levels of glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides. The incidence of metabolic syndrome was analyzed as a dependent variable in objective two and mortality from cardiovascular diseases was the dependent variable in third objective. The follow-up time of the three studies was 8 years. The main results found were that men AO/D showed a trajectory of increase in serum levels of LDL cholesterol and a decline in glycemia and in glycated hemoglobin percentage (HbA1c) when compared to NAO/ND. Such differences were not observed in women. Furthermore, in both sexes, both AO/D and AO/ND were risk factors for the incidence of metabolic syndrome, however the effect size was greater in. AO/D. Finally, only AO/D was a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality for men and women. The evidence of this thesis indicates a synergistic action between abdominal obesity and dynapenia capable of altering LDL cholesterol, HbA1c and glucose metabolism in men as well as increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular mortality in both sexes. Such findings have clinical relevance since both conditions can be prevented to mitigate their harmful effects in people over 50 years of age.
Indicadores educacionais de professores com deficiência na educação superior brasileira (2019)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-07)
Ferreira, Sally Cristina Gouveia da Silva
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Orlando, Rosimeire Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-6146
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5762505054289671
This final project aims to verify and analyze the profile and administrative aspects of teachers with disabilities who work in Brazilian higher education based on social indicators. This research, supported by dialectical historical materialism, collected data from microdata from the Higher Education Census, released by the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research in 2019. The following axes were considered: declared color/race, type of disability, gender, level of education, type of administrative category and work in distance education courses. The results show that teachers with disabilities represent 0.4% (1,734) of the total number of teachers (399,428) and are mostly masters and doctors, people with physical disabilities and white, and that the majority are working in private education and 6.2% in distance education. We point out the need to understand the political, historical and social processes that impact this reality.
O ensino superior nos governos petistas: uma análise temática dos discursos presidenciais de 2003 a 2016
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-08)
Diniz, Bruna Mello
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2161259639958761
The trajectory of Brazilian higher education is marked by some characteristics that have given it unique contours. First, it is significant that while universities entered the scene in other Latin American countries at the beginning of Spanish colonization, in the mid-16th century, the first universities founded in terra brasilis date only from the beginning of the 20th century. This is because, among us, higher education followed the model of isolated schools, of French inspiration, for the purpose of professional training – a factor that certainly contributed to its late development, which began only after 1808. Secondly, another distinctive aspect is the emergence, accentuated after the military dictatorship, of a non-university higher education arrangement massively dominated by the private sector, while public universities until 1980 occupied a timid fraction within this system. Henceforth, intense political, economic and social processes shaped the new directions of higher education in the country, which, under the command of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, came to be dominated by private universities, which prospered in pursuit of privatist policies. From 2003, however, a turning point emerged with the policies aimed at expanding Federal Institutions of Higher Education inaugurated by the governments of Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010) and Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016). Considering this scenario and starting from the premise that the aforementioned policies produced profound transformations in Brazilian higher education, this research proposed to investigate whether in the official narratives of the Federal Executive during the PT administration, concerns about higher education were expressed and/or had already proposals for this sector have been outlined. In this sense, the methodology used consisted in carrying out a thematic analysis, with the help of the NVivo software, of the presidential speeches enunciated by Lula and Dilma from 2003 to 2016, in order to identify the presence of the education theme and, more specifically, of the higher education. From this, 3136 speeches were downloaded through the website of the Library of the Presidency of the Republic, which were later cut to 1368 referring to the topic of education, this being the corpus considered for the analysis. The main results of the research, in turn, showed that: 1) “education” was among the five most prevalent themes in the presidents' speeches; 2) “higher education” received more prominence in President Lula’s speeches, while Dilma gave priority to “technical education”; 3) “university and social development” was a theme highlighted both in Lula’s and Dilma’s speeches, denoting that these spaces were elected as bulwarks of social inclusion of historically excluded and marginalized groups, with special attention to the poor, women and black people; 4) the democratization of access to higher education also proved to be an expressive element in the speeches, with the themes “quotas”, “reservation of university vacancies” and “ENEM” mentioned frequently, even in the period preceding to the implementation of such policies.
A framework for time-to-market reduction in startups
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-08)
Mota, Renata de Oliveira
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Ganga, Gilberto Miller Devós
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9062191157466610
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
Companies need to commit to new product development (NPD) and innovation to maintain sustainable competition. An excellent indicator to measure the technological change in a market is the portfolio of start-ups, after all, these companies develop new-to-the-world products every day. They can benefit more from innovation because they have less rigid routines and, consequently, greater adaptability to change. However, the sustainability of start-ups is very fragile. It is observed a high percentage of companies that are discontinued in a short time. Therefore, it is essential to promote actions that corroborate the improvement of the performance of these companies. Start-ups should minimize the time to receive feedback from customers about the product to be successful. This implies that these companies must produce, measure and learn quickly. Currently, there is a lack of a well-structured gradual approach for establishing factors to reduce time-to-market (TTM) in startups. Being early can provide an important competitive advantage, making the TTM reduction a significant area for inquiry. To address this need, the objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for startups to reduce time-to-market. First, to point out the drivers and capabilities for reduced TTM, as well as show its main attributes and effects on performance, a systematic literature review was developed. The results indicate 5 drivers as motivators for companies to reduce this time. As well as 19 capabilities grouped into five categories, namely: team, product, process, integration and strategy. In addition, 11 performance indicators are sensitive to TTM reduction. This stage has as the main contribution the proposal of a theoretical model that synthesizes 25 years of literature. A research agenda is also presented with interesting gaps found in this topic. Then, to identify the map of the relationship between drivers and capabilities pointed out in the NPD literature and their potential effect on start-ups performance, Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) was used with data obtained through interviews with experts. Only from this structured model and validated by experts, it was possible to create a TTM reduction measurement scale in startups using the item classification method, which resulted in a structured questionnaire. Thus, a survey was carried out on a sample of 191 startups to empirically investigate the impact of these drivers and capabilities and test the relationship between the contours of the model. Structural Equation Modeling was used for data analysis. With the fulfillment of the research objective, the best proven and modern organizational capabilities implemented by innovative companies in the process of developing new products can serve to guide future professionals in their innovation journey.
Diversidade genética e estruturação populacional em capivaras, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-08)
Felix, Mariana Campanha
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4847446491505937
Decreased connectivity for species and consequently limited dispersal can be linked to various environmental factors such as climate, dispersal barriers, or limited dispersal. In the case of semi-aquatic organisms such as capybara, their dispersion can be influenced by the presence of water bodies. Our work aims to evaluate the distribution of genetic diversity of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris in river basins of South America. We also evaluated the presence of structuring between different hydrographic basins and between hydrographic microbasins of the Paraguay and Alto Paraná basins in Brazilian territory. For this, we amplified a fragment of the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA, constructed haplotype networks and performed phylogenetic and molecular analysis of variance. We also reconstructed a demographic history with the Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis. Our results showed that H. hydrochaeris populations are structured between the Orinoco, Paraguay and Alto Paraná basins, but still maintain ancestral polymorphisms and possibly a flow of individuals between the Paraguay and Alto Paraná basins. On the other hand, the genetic diversity, both haplotypic and nucleotide, in the Paraguay and Alto Paraná basins is high and the populations show a relatively recent demographic growth, the populations of the Orinoco basin show low diversity and a population decline. The patterns of structure and genetic diversity are probably a result of the distinct evolutionary history of watersheds and recent demographic fluctuations suffered by populations, respectively.
Indicadores censitários da Educação Superior brasileira (2017-2019): estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-08)
Morgado, Liz Amaral Saraiva
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Orlando, Rosimeire Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4792151711883696
This study addresses the issue related to the access of students target audience of Special Education to Brazilian Higher Education, through the analysis of enrollments from 2017 to 2019. We sought to answer the following research question: what enrollments in Higher Education Brazilian government reveal about the access of disability students at this level of training? Thus, the present study has as a general objective to research and analyze the access of disability students in Brazilian Higher Education, from 2017 to 2019, and as specific objectives: - To outline the profile of disability student enrollment in Brazilian Higher Education, according to with specifics and gender; - Investigate the enrollment of disability students in different administrative facilities. The theoretical-methodological framework that supported the study, characterized as being qualitative and quantitative, exploratory and descriptive, in view of the use of census data, based on dialectical historical materialism and on the results and discussions, included the tables resulting from the data collection and analysis axes: (i) disability students: specificities; (ii) Entering and; (iii) disability students: administrative dependence of HEIs. The categories were analyzed based on the concepts presented by István Mészáros. As a result of the analysis, with regard to the enrollment of disability students, the scenario that emerges is the growth in the insertion of these students in the educational sphere and that affirmative action policies are a opportunity for the historically excluded public in higher education. Despite having already expanded access to universities, there is still a lot to be done, as many institutional accessibility services are not universalized and the existence of such actions depends a lot on each administrative dependence of the HEIs.
Utilização de visão computacional para a reconstrução automatizada da área de secção transversa muscular a partir de imagens sequenciais obtidas por ultrassonografia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-09)
Silva, Deivid Gomes da
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Libardi, Cleiton Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8953409094842074
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5086441110418562
The aim of the present study was to propose and validate a tool based on computer vision techniques that allows for the automated reconstruction (AR) of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscular cross-sectional area (MCSA) from sequential images obtained using an ultrasound (US) machine. Methods: Four hundred and eighty-eight VL US image sequences were used for VL MCSA reconstruction. Two different reconstruction techniques were utilized. For the already validated manual reconstruction (MR) technique, the sequential images were manually adjusted until the MCSA of the VL was fully visible for each image sequence. For AR, computer vision techniques were combined in a tool capable of automatically reconstructing the MCSA of the VL based on the steps described for the proper application of MR. After the quantification in cm² of all VL MCSA by both MR (n = 488) and AR (n = 488) techniques, the results were used to investigate the validity of the AR in measuring VL MCSA from of sequential images of the VL obtained by US. Our findings demonstrated good validity with low coefficient of variation values (1.51%) for AR compared to MR. The Bland-Altman plot showed low bias (-0.01 cm²; IC95% = 0.04, -0.06) and close limits of agreement (+1.18 cm², -1.19 cm²) containing 95% of the comparisons. Conclusion: The AR technique is valid compared to MR when measuring VL MCSA in a heterogeneous sample.
Modelagem matemática aplicada ao estudo de células a combustível a etanol direto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-09)
Oliveira, Deborah Stolte Bezerra Lisbôa de
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Sousa Júnior, Ruy de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7068826648265785
The current fuel cell market is dominated by Hydrogen cells. Nevertheless, due to Hydrogen’s high reactivity, the difficulty in storage and the lack of infrastructure to distribute it, Hydrogen cells might not be the most attractive ones for everyday applications. Direct alcohol cells stand as an alternative because volatile alcohols (methanol and ethanol) can be oxidized at low temperatures (90 °C) and are easily stored and transported since they are liquids. Direct methanol fuel cells are already more commercially established than direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFC), but ethanol has advantages over methanol, namely: lower toxicity, higher theoretical energy density, and greater availability. For DEFC to become economically and technically viable, many challenges still need to be overcome, in specific, the electro-oxidation kinetics at the cell anode, which proceeds slowly, forms less-oxidized intermediate products and reduces cell efficiency. The objective of this master’s project is to model and simulate the ethanol oxidation kinetics in a DEFC. Three models were considered and adjusted to previously collected experimental data: 1) a first-principles ideal model based on Tafel kinetics and complete ethanol oxidation for Pt-Sn catalysts; 2) a realistic first-principles model for the incomplete electro-oxidation of ethanol also for several Pt-Sn catalysts; and 3) a fuzzy model to relate the structural and electronic properties of the Pt3Sn catalyst to cell performance (i.e., predicting current density). All models were implemented in MATLAB. The realistic model had a very good fit for all catalysts studied, as seen by small RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) values, ranging from 0,22 to 4,21 A/cm2, while also predicting the surface coverage distributions in agreement with previous literature works (experimental basis). The fuzzy model structure also exhibited an excellent fit to experimental data. The addition of the integrated intensity as an input variable did not affect the fitted parameters for the other input variables (crystal size, surface area, presence of PtSn phase and cell potential) and, therefore, it was possible to create a broader and more relevant model that includes an electronic property of the catalyst. Response surface analyses, corroborated by particle swarm optimization, indicated that in order to maximize power density the greatest effect comes from decreasing crystal size. Medium potentials and medium integrated intensity are also favorable. In addition, presence of the PtSn phase in moderate amounts is not unfavorable. With these values it was possible to predict the optimization of the power density value to 24,3 mW/cm2, compared to a maximum experimental value of 19,6 mW/cm2.