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Estrutura da paisagem agrícola e relevo no contexto da conectividade florestal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04) Soares, Fabiana da Silva; Morales, Milton Vinicius; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3489124504372716; Valente, Roberta Averna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9063547828996952
Forest fragmentation, as a result of anthropic activities such as urbanization and agriculture, negatively impacts biodiversity and ecosystem services, threatening the connectivity of the landscape, whether structural or functional. Understanding the landscape structure and connectivity by focusing on forest fragments under the influence of relief is the objective of this study. To this end, we combined landscape ecology metrics, the index of Connectivity Probability (through Graph Theory) with the relief, through Digital Terrain Model (DTM), in the sub-basin of the Pirapora River. The characterization of the structure presented a landscape of agricultural matrix with high vegetation cover, predominantly wavy to strongly wavy relief, large fragments in the upstream and mouth of the sub-basin, close together and with complex shapes. When inserting the relief element, there were more significant differences in the metrics when the slope class is undulating and strongly undulating, especially in the metrics related to area and distance from the nearest neighbor. The functional connectivity of the landscape showed a high probability of connectivity, either in the ecological network or in its spatial potential and the relief impacted directly, making it more costly for the flow and maintenance of species in the fragments. In this context, it is necessary to explore the combination of landscape ecology metrics, connectivity indices, and relief at different scales and methods to better understand the landscape and its phenomena. In addition to actions for conservation and preservation of forest fragments mainly in the agricultural matrix, along riparian zones and small fragments (more fragile), that is, in territorial planning with a focus on forest preservation.
A neurociência aplicada à educação especial: em foco a formação dos professores do atendimento educacional especializado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04) Borges, Angelita Salomão Muzeti; Denari, Fátima Elisabeth; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3473031642650592
Historically, Special Education has been presented in different arrangements, carried out in different places, with different purposes in terms of care for students with disabilities. Such arrangements were intertwined with socially constructed conceptions of disability, presenting different approaches, which influenced in social, cognitive and psychological development of these students. In contemporary times, education follows international aspirations stated in international movements for human rights which, in Brazil, resulted in the proposal of the National Policy on Special Education in the Perspective of Inclusive Education in 2008, which proposed Specialized Educational Assistance (AEE) as support for educational inclusion of students with disabilities in the regular school system. In this context, specialist teachers in Special Education who perform AEE assume an important role in educational inclusion of these students, deserving special attention with regard to their continuing education. In this way, it is important for these teachers to understand the brain processes of learning pointed out by Neuroscience, which can facilitate and optimize this process, in the development of skills or resources, enabling the conscious choice of the best didactic-pedagogical strategy, aiming at cognitive and psychosocial development of students. Therefore, Neuroscience states the importance of the richness of stimuli found in the varied environment of regular school, correlating learning with the need for frequent adaptability. It also presents the four facilitating supports of learning that are exercised by the development of executive functions, which make neuroscientific knowledge important for pedagogical performance in AEE. The present research, configured as exploratory and qualitative, concerns in action research carried out in a municipal education network located in the northeast of São Paulo State and aimed to analyze the possibilities of a training course with AEE teachers, develop the theoretical construction and expand pedagogical strategies based on the principles of Neuroscience. As part of the action research, a continuing education course was applied in 2021 to professionals specializing in Special Education, with twelve teachers from the multifunctional resource rooms who perform the AEE. During the course, open questionnaires were used through Google forms, in order to verify previous knowledge of the participants, as well as the learning that took place during the continuing education course. Due to Covid-19 pandemic, the course took place through Google Meet using training moments in synchronous and asynchronous setup. The results derived from the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2004) in which they pointed out that the participants expanded their knowledge about neuroscience and its contributions to the learning of students with disabilities, expanding the possibilities of didactic-pedagogical strategies as interventional actions for fundamental development of students. During the course, they also expanded the reflections on neuroscientific elements of learning, attributing importance to the development of the supports pointed out by Neuroscience, and considerably adding to the understanding of the development of executive functions and the neurobiological modification that occurred in the learning process.
Seleção e caracterização molecular e fermentativa de leveduras personalizadas para a produção de vinhos brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04) Novaes, Hosana Ribeiro de; Cunha, Anderson Ferreira da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329741640375661; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0537497035369247
Brazilian wine production has been standing out with high quality awarded wines around the world. However, major changes are still needed so that our country can compete with other wineries in the world. Among them, we can highlight the use of selected yeasts adapted to grapes planted in Brazilian soil. So that they can, in addition to metabolizing the sugars present in the grapes, produce primary and secondary metabolic compounds crucial for the elaboration of a typical premium quality wine. In the Brazilian market there are only commercial yeast strains acquired from international suppliers, due to Brazil does not have this resource. The use of these commercial yeasts in the winemaking process does not provide the wine with its own organoleptic characteristics, since these strains, because they are not selected on Brazilian soil, do not have the adapted metabolic pathways necessary to increase the typicality of local wines. Observing this scenario, the present project followed the dynamics of microorganisms during 3 harvests/production both in the vines and during the fermentation process, in a winery in the region of Amparo-SP, aiming at the selection of native yeasts to act as initiators (starters) in the fermentation process. A similar process was carried out on a laboratory scale in January 2019 using the must grape that was being vinified at the winery in order to compare both fermentation processes. Through this monitoring, we isolated 406 yeasts from both processes, being 347 non-Saccharomyces yeasts that, after sequencing the ITS region, we identified that they were distributed in 23 different species and 65 Saccharomyces. When performing genotyping analyzes on these isolated Saccharomyces strains, 5 they were shown to be different from each other and also different from the commercial strains commonly used for wine production in Brazil. Therefore, they are new isolated strains. The other strains showed the same amplification profile of the commercial strains and the 5 new identified strains. The analyses also verified that the isolated Saccharomyces strains isolated in the winery environment actively participated in the fermentation process. These new strains were submitted to physiological analyzes to verify their capacity and performance in wine production. In all analyzes realized, they showed performance equal to or superior to that of commercial strains. These strains would already be naturally more adapted to the fermentation process and could bring peculiar characteristics to the production of wines, contributing to the elaboration of a distinct drink. In addition, an understanding of the yeast microbiota present both in the winery and in the fermentation process can help to better understand the succession dynamics of these microorganisms, being an important element in the characterization of the national wine’s terroir, thus preserving its historical identity, quality and geographical origin.
Orgulho de ser leitor: uma análise discursiva do que enunciam jovens leitores sobre si e sobre a leitura em postagens na rede social SKOOB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04) Silva, Andrei Cezar da; Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7913540199555836
This work, as well as other research conducted by LIRE - Laboratório de Estudos da Leitura (CNPq-UFSCar), aims to analyze discourses on reading and to comprehend representations of this practice shared by different communities of readers. It is part of the project currently coordinated by our supervisor, entitled “Proud readers, ashamed readers: emotions in discourses on reading”, whose goal is to deduce, through the analysis of discourses on reading, the expression of emotions, also defined by the “order of discourse”, as regular forms of arguing, as a relatively protocol duty/power when talking about a particular practice or the subjects that undertake it. In this dissertation, we present the results of our research, which consisted in the survey, description and analysis of very peculiar statements: comments from young readers in which they expressed “pride” of reading, pride of being a reader. To do this, we constituted a corpus of statements from posts by young internet users registered in the social network SKOOB, self-declared as the “largest social network of readers in Brazil”. In their comments about works already read or that they still intend to read, they present evaluations of the works, authors and genres, establish relationships with other readers, and talk about themselves as readers. What is enunciated about reading in these posts interests us to the extent that what is enunciated echoes consensual collective representations that these young people, as well as all of us, subjects of the same time and space, share about this practice. From the analysis of what these young people say, we deduce the ways they use to present/recognize themselves as readers and what discourses about reading these forms of self-representation go back to, focusing on those statements in which there is the enunciation, direct or indirect, of “pride” (or pride as its effect) related to the reading condition. In order to identify probable continuities and/or discontinuities in the discourses about reading that circulate among us today, as well as to describe regularities and variations in the representations of “pride” regarding this practice, among this specific segment of the reading public, we subsidize our analysis on principles of Discourse Analysis, the Cultural History of reading and the History of sensibilities/emotions. As we have observed, the forms of enunciation of juvenile reader “pride” respond to certain historically validated and hegemonic reading protocols about the reading condition. Among the forms of expression of reading-related 'pride', one of them concerns the actualization of the representation that to be a reader is to read a lot and always, be it the same work, repeatedly, or several distinct works, simultaneously and sequentially.
Pacto agrário brasileiro: trajetórias, dilemas e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04) Alexandre, Leone Santos; Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1745989811382075
This monograph aims to analyze the agrarian issue under the locus of the agrarian pact, in a timeframe that includes the coming to power of Getúlio Vargas, in 1930, until more contemporary developments of the government of Jair Bolsonaro, in 2020, so as to cover 90 years of struggle for land and (re)arrangements in maintaining the large rural property as the main scenario in the countryside. We engage in a dialogue with extensive literature in the fields of political science, sociology, and economics, thus seeking to bring different interpretations regarding the conceptualization of the Brazilian agrarian pact. In this sense, what is addressed in this work is one of the most intrinsic elements of the agrarian issue, namely: the continuous transfiguration of the lethargic large property, in different periods of national history, to technical and economic conceptions of modernity, while maintaining the unequal land ownership structure and against public policies for agrarian reform. Finally, the intention is to explore the theme of the agrarian pact with a temporal amplitude capable of painting, in a vast context, the current immobility in the transformations imposed on the rural areas, as a rule, made from the top down.
Construção de reator de plasma frio para aplicações de filmes finos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04) Pinto, Henrique Moreira; Cirino, Giuseppe Antônio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4223181147426711; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1892830156898660
It is about the construction of a sputtering system, through the use of a cold plasma reactor, for the deposition of metallic thin films. Basically, this system works by ejecting atoms from a material (target) by the bombardment of argon ions. This process occurs through the ionization of Argon gas, which has its ions accelerated towards the target and when they collide with the material, ejection occurs, and these separate atoms are deposited on the substrate, forming a thin film of this material. The process for applying metallic thin films through sputtering is used in several areas, such as industrial use, for beautifying and coating parts, food packaging, jewelry, photovoltaic applications and academic research. The construction was made with components found on the market, taken from other electronic equipment, vacuum system and machined parts. The use of this experience can be applied in several areas, and the object of study for this case is to characterize the deposition equipment through the relationship between the thickness of the deposited thin film and deposition time. In addition, the ohmic resistance and the uniformity rate of the deposited material (relationship thickness and distance from the center of the anode) were also characterized. Due to the characterization of the equipment, several other characterizations can be made, such as through analysis of the purity and structure of the generated film, in addition to comparing the equipment in terms of deposition rate and others of interest, being able to use it by laboratories within and outside the University, because the rack that holds the reactor, despite being robust, has wheels at its base, allowing it to be transported with care.
Estudo ab initio das propriedades estruturais e eletrônicas de óxidos de tungstênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04) Neto, Arquiminio Bomfim da Silva; Cordeiro, Marco Aurélio Liutheviciene; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787678071396324; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-3083; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0476510821617091; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2400-0932
In the last two decades, tungsten oxide (WO3) has been a target of the scientific and technological interest community due to its optical and magnetic properties, which finds important applications such as sensors, electrochromic devices, protective layers against chemical attacks, photonics, hydrogen generation, among others. Owing to the need to understand and improve the properties of this class of material, it is essential to describe the electronic and structural behavior of these materials. By using one of the most successful protocols for solving the Schrödinger equation, the “Density Functional Theory”, this study focuses on the study of the structural and electronic properties of the cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic and triclinic phases of tungsten oxide in order to provide fundamental insights into the understanding of the material.
Adaptação transcultural do programa iSupport para cuidadores familiares de pessoas que vivem com demência para o contexto brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04) Monteiro, Diana Quirino; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5135213835907578
iSupport, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), is an online tool that aims to increase access to mental health support for caregivers of people living with dementia. The objective of this study was to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation of the generic version of the WHO iSupport program for the Brazilian context. For this, two articles were developed: (1) iSupport-Brasil: Cross-cultural adaptation of the content of the iSupport program for people living with dementia; and (2) iSupport-Brasil: Preliminary results of usability and acceptability assessment by caregivers of people living with dementia. In the first one, the content was translated into Brazilian Portuguese by a professional translator trained in Psychology, with mastery of the original language of the content (English), and, after reviewing the material by the researchers, focus groups were held to analyze the content. translated. Participants were 24 family caregivers of people living with dementia and 24 health and aging professionals from three Brazilian regions. Participants were given access to a portion of the iSupport material for review. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between June and September 2019. All interviews were recorded and transcribed in full for further analysis. The proposed changes mainly referred to terms and actions that are common in Brazilian culture and that better represent the routine of caregivers. All suggestions were forwarded and approved by WHO. The second article was carried out in two stages. In step 1, the usability of the iSupport-Brasil online platform was evaluated by nine (former) family caregivers of people with dementia, using a self-administered online questionnaire about their perceptions of the platform's interface. The evaluation of the performance of tasks in the interface showed that most caregivers reported that the system has a user-friendly interface, assigning maximum grade (5 points) both to the system (55.6% of caregivers) and to the relevance of the system's content (77.8% of caregivers). In step 2, ten family caregivers of people with dementia answered self-administered online questionnaires about the perception and acceptability of the system, in addition to the System Usability Scale (SUS). Most caregivers indicated good levels of satisfaction and usefulness of the program, with 60.0% being very satisfied and 80.0% being very useful. Regarding acceptability, they indicated the program as very useful (80.0%), would recommend it to other caregivers (100.0%) and indicated a preference for doing the program in the online format. The SUS total score was 86.5 (±11.5) suggesting an excellent perception of the program's usability. From the suggestions of the participants, improvements were made to the program in relation to: style, aesthetics and functional requirements such as lack of feedback after answering the interface questions. It is hoped that the procedures adopted in this research can help in the cross-cultural adaptation of iSupport for use in other countries. As a product of this research, the interface of the iSupport-BR program is updated and ready to assess the effects of this intervention on the mental health of family caregivers of people living with dementia.
Fertirrigação em pessegueiro nas cultivares "Aurora" e "Fascínio"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04) Carvalho, Thaila Priscilane de; Nassif, Daniel Silveira Pinto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2969535606899836; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4696546070348066
Fertigation is a technology that consists of the application of fertilizers via irrigation water, making nutrients available in a more assimilable way for the plant. This method is recognized for minimizing nutrient losses through leaching or volatilization. In the production of fruit species in temperate climates, there is a growing investment in this technology, given the benefits provided for the development of the plant and the fruit. In this sense, the research sought to evaluate the feasibility of applying fertilizers via irrigation water in the vegetative development of peach cultivars "Aurora" and "Fascínio" in an orchard implanted for two years. In this study, the use of urea as a source of nitrogen and potassium chloride as a source of potassium was addressed. The amount of nutrients was calculated through chemical soil analysis. The method of Penman-Monteith FAO – 56 was used to calculate evapotranspiration. The calculation of the water requirement required by the crop was obtained through the crop coefficient (Kc). Through the results obtained, it was verified that fertigation did not show an effective response for the cultivars, in relation to the other analyzed treatments.