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Obesidade abdominal dinapênica e suas repercussões sobre o metabolismo dos carboidratos, lipídeos, incidência de síndrome metabólica e mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares em pessoas maiores de 50 anos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-07)
Ramírez Muñoz, Paula Camila
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Alexandre, Tiago da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9108932694410237
Among physical and metabolic changes in the aging process, obesity and dynapenia stand out. Although some cross-sectional evidence demonstrates that dynapenic abdominal obesity (AO/D) defined as a combination of decreased neuromuscular strength and central obesity, may further impair carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as increase the risk of metabolic syndrome and mortality from cardiovascular diseases than dynapenia or obesity alone. To the best of our knowledge, no longitudinal studies have evaluated such hypotheses. Thus, the present thesis has three objectives: 1) To analyze whether AO/D impairs the trajectories of the lipid profile and carbohydrate metabolism and whether there are gender differences in these trajectories, 2) To analyze whether AO/D is a risk factor for the incidence of metabolic syndrome, and 3) To analyze whether AO/D increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. In order to respond the proposed objectives, individuals aged 50 years or older participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) were analyzed. Dynapenic abdominal obesity was defined based on waist circumference (> 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women) and grip strength (< 26 kg for men and < 16 kg for women). The participants were classified as non-abdominally obese/non-dynapenic (NAO/ND), abdominally obese/non-dynapenic (AO/ND), non-abdominally obese/dynapenic (NAO/D) and abdominally obese/dynapenic (AO/D). To study the trajectory of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the dependent variables were the levels of glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides. The incidence of metabolic syndrome was analyzed as a dependent variable in objective two and mortality from cardiovascular diseases was the dependent variable in third objective. The follow-up time of the three studies was 8 years. The main results found were that men AO/D showed a trajectory of increase in serum levels of LDL cholesterol and a decline in glycemia and in glycated hemoglobin percentage (HbA1c) when compared to NAO/ND. Such differences were not observed in women. Furthermore, in both sexes, both AO/D and AO/ND were risk factors for the incidence of metabolic syndrome, however the effect size was greater in. AO/D. Finally, only AO/D was a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality for men and women. The evidence of this thesis indicates a synergistic action between abdominal obesity and dynapenia capable of altering LDL cholesterol, HbA1c and glucose metabolism in men as well as increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular mortality in both sexes. Such findings have clinical relevance since both conditions can be prevented to mitigate their harmful effects in people over 50 years of age.
Indicadores educacionais de professores com deficiência na educação superior brasileira (2019)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-07)
Ferreira, Sally Cristina Gouveia da Silva
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Orlando, Rosimeire Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-6146
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5762505054289671
This final project aims to verify and analyze the profile and administrative aspects of teachers with disabilities who work in Brazilian higher education based on social indicators. This research, supported by dialectical historical materialism, collected data from microdata from the Higher Education Census, released by the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research in 2019. The following axes were considered: declared color/race, type of disability, gender, level of education, type of administrative category and work in distance education courses. The results show that teachers with disabilities represent 0.4% (1,734) of the total number of teachers (399,428) and are mostly masters and doctors, people with physical disabilities and white, and that the majority are working in private education and 6.2% in distance education. We point out the need to understand the political, historical and social processes that impact this reality.
O ensino superior nos governos petistas: uma análise temática dos discursos presidenciais de 2003 a 2016
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-08)
Diniz, Bruna Mello
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2161259639958761
The trajectory of Brazilian higher education is marked by some characteristics that have given it unique contours. First, it is significant that while universities entered the scene in other Latin American countries at the beginning of Spanish colonization, in the mid-16th century, the first universities founded in terra brasilis date only from the beginning of the 20th century. This is because, among us, higher education followed the model of isolated schools, of French inspiration, for the purpose of professional training – a factor that certainly contributed to its late development, which began only after 1808. Secondly, another distinctive aspect is the emergence, accentuated after the military dictatorship, of a non-university higher education arrangement massively dominated by the private sector, while public universities until 1980 occupied a timid fraction within this system. Henceforth, intense political, economic and social processes shaped the new directions of higher education in the country, which, under the command of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, came to be dominated by private universities, which prospered in pursuit of privatist policies. From 2003, however, a turning point emerged with the policies aimed at expanding Federal Institutions of Higher Education inaugurated by the governments of Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010) and Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016). Considering this scenario and starting from the premise that the aforementioned policies produced profound transformations in Brazilian higher education, this research proposed to investigate whether in the official narratives of the Federal Executive during the PT administration, concerns about higher education were expressed and/or had already proposals for this sector have been outlined. In this sense, the methodology used consisted in carrying out a thematic analysis, with the help of the NVivo software, of the presidential speeches enunciated by Lula and Dilma from 2003 to 2016, in order to identify the presence of the education theme and, more specifically, of the higher education. From this, 3136 speeches were downloaded through the website of the Library of the Presidency of the Republic, which were later cut to 1368 referring to the topic of education, this being the corpus considered for the analysis. The main results of the research, in turn, showed that: 1) “education” was among the five most prevalent themes in the presidents' speeches; 2) “higher education” received more prominence in President Lula’s speeches, while Dilma gave priority to “technical education”; 3) “university and social development” was a theme highlighted both in Lula’s and Dilma’s speeches, denoting that these spaces were elected as bulwarks of social inclusion of historically excluded and marginalized groups, with special attention to the poor, women and black people; 4) the democratization of access to higher education also proved to be an expressive element in the speeches, with the themes “quotas”, “reservation of university vacancies” and “ENEM” mentioned frequently, even in the period preceding to the implementation of such policies.
A framework for time-to-market reduction in startups
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-08)
Mota, Renata de Oliveira
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Ganga, Gilberto Miller Devós
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9062191157466610
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
Companies need to commit to new product development (NPD) and innovation to maintain sustainable competition. An excellent indicator to measure the technological change in a market is the portfolio of start-ups, after all, these companies develop new-to-the-world products every day. They can benefit more from innovation because they have less rigid routines and, consequently, greater adaptability to change. However, the sustainability of start-ups is very fragile. It is observed a high percentage of companies that are discontinued in a short time. Therefore, it is essential to promote actions that corroborate the improvement of the performance of these companies. Start-ups should minimize the time to receive feedback from customers about the product to be successful. This implies that these companies must produce, measure and learn quickly. Currently, there is a lack of a well-structured gradual approach for establishing factors to reduce time-to-market (TTM) in startups. Being early can provide an important competitive advantage, making the TTM reduction a significant area for inquiry. To address this need, the objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for startups to reduce time-to-market. First, to point out the drivers and capabilities for reduced TTM, as well as show its main attributes and effects on performance, a systematic literature review was developed. The results indicate 5 drivers as motivators for companies to reduce this time. As well as 19 capabilities grouped into five categories, namely: team, product, process, integration and strategy. In addition, 11 performance indicators are sensitive to TTM reduction. This stage has as the main contribution the proposal of a theoretical model that synthesizes 25 years of literature. A research agenda is also presented with interesting gaps found in this topic. Then, to identify the map of the relationship between drivers and capabilities pointed out in the NPD literature and their potential effect on start-ups performance, Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) was used with data obtained through interviews with experts. Only from this structured model and validated by experts, it was possible to create a TTM reduction measurement scale in startups using the item classification method, which resulted in a structured questionnaire. Thus, a survey was carried out on a sample of 191 startups to empirically investigate the impact of these drivers and capabilities and test the relationship between the contours of the model. Structural Equation Modeling was used for data analysis. With the fulfillment of the research objective, the best proven and modern organizational capabilities implemented by innovative companies in the process of developing new products can serve to guide future professionals in their innovation journey.
Diversidade genética e estruturação populacional em capivaras, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-08)
Felix, Mariana Campanha
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4847446491505937
Decreased connectivity for species and consequently limited dispersal can be linked to various environmental factors such as climate, dispersal barriers, or limited dispersal. In the case of semi-aquatic organisms such as capybara, their dispersion can be influenced by the presence of water bodies. Our work aims to evaluate the distribution of genetic diversity of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris in river basins of South America. We also evaluated the presence of structuring between different hydrographic basins and between hydrographic microbasins of the Paraguay and Alto Paraná basins in Brazilian territory. For this, we amplified a fragment of the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA, constructed haplotype networks and performed phylogenetic and molecular analysis of variance. We also reconstructed a demographic history with the Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis. Our results showed that H. hydrochaeris populations are structured between the Orinoco, Paraguay and Alto Paraná basins, but still maintain ancestral polymorphisms and possibly a flow of individuals between the Paraguay and Alto Paraná basins. On the other hand, the genetic diversity, both haplotypic and nucleotide, in the Paraguay and Alto Paraná basins is high and the populations show a relatively recent demographic growth, the populations of the Orinoco basin show low diversity and a population decline. The patterns of structure and genetic diversity are probably a result of the distinct evolutionary history of watersheds and recent demographic fluctuations suffered by populations, respectively.
Indicadores censitários da Educação Superior brasileira (2017-2019): estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-08)
Morgado, Liz Amaral Saraiva
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Orlando, Rosimeire Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4792151711883696
This study addresses the issue related to the access of students target audience of Special Education to Brazilian Higher Education, through the analysis of enrollments from 2017 to 2019. We sought to answer the following research question: what enrollments in Higher Education Brazilian government reveal about the access of disability students at this level of training? Thus, the present study has as a general objective to research and analyze the access of disability students in Brazilian Higher Education, from 2017 to 2019, and as specific objectives: - To outline the profile of disability student enrollment in Brazilian Higher Education, according to with specifics and gender; - Investigate the enrollment of disability students in different administrative facilities. The theoretical-methodological framework that supported the study, characterized as being qualitative and quantitative, exploratory and descriptive, in view of the use of census data, based on dialectical historical materialism and on the results and discussions, included the tables resulting from the data collection and analysis axes: (i) disability students: specificities; (ii) Entering and; (iii) disability students: administrative dependence of HEIs. The categories were analyzed based on the concepts presented by István Mészáros. As a result of the analysis, with regard to the enrollment of disability students, the scenario that emerges is the growth in the insertion of these students in the educational sphere and that affirmative action policies are a opportunity for the historically excluded public in higher education. Despite having already expanded access to universities, there is still a lot to be done, as many institutional accessibility services are not universalized and the existence of such actions depends a lot on each administrative dependence of the HEIs.
Utilização de visão computacional para a reconstrução automatizada da área de secção transversa muscular a partir de imagens sequenciais obtidas por ultrassonografia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-09)
Silva, Deivid Gomes da
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Libardi, Cleiton Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8953409094842074
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5086441110418562
The aim of the present study was to propose and validate a tool based on computer vision techniques that allows for the automated reconstruction (AR) of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscular cross-sectional area (MCSA) from sequential images obtained using an ultrasound (US) machine. Methods: Four hundred and eighty-eight VL US image sequences were used for VL MCSA reconstruction. Two different reconstruction techniques were utilized. For the already validated manual reconstruction (MR) technique, the sequential images were manually adjusted until the MCSA of the VL was fully visible for each image sequence. For AR, computer vision techniques were combined in a tool capable of automatically reconstructing the MCSA of the VL based on the steps described for the proper application of MR. After the quantification in cm² of all VL MCSA by both MR (n = 488) and AR (n = 488) techniques, the results were used to investigate the validity of the AR in measuring VL MCSA from of sequential images of the VL obtained by US. Our findings demonstrated good validity with low coefficient of variation values (1.51%) for AR compared to MR. The Bland-Altman plot showed low bias (-0.01 cm²; IC95% = 0.04, -0.06) and close limits of agreement (+1.18 cm², -1.19 cm²) containing 95% of the comparisons. Conclusion: The AR technique is valid compared to MR when measuring VL MCSA in a heterogeneous sample.
Modelagem matemática aplicada ao estudo de células a combustível a etanol direto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-09)
Oliveira, Deborah Stolte Bezerra Lisbôa de
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Sousa Júnior, Ruy de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7068826648265785
The current fuel cell market is dominated by Hydrogen cells. Nevertheless, due to Hydrogen’s high reactivity, the difficulty in storage and the lack of infrastructure to distribute it, Hydrogen cells might not be the most attractive ones for everyday applications. Direct alcohol cells stand as an alternative because volatile alcohols (methanol and ethanol) can be oxidized at low temperatures (90 °C) and are easily stored and transported since they are liquids. Direct methanol fuel cells are already more commercially established than direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFC), but ethanol has advantages over methanol, namely: lower toxicity, higher theoretical energy density, and greater availability. For DEFC to become economically and technically viable, many challenges still need to be overcome, in specific, the electro-oxidation kinetics at the cell anode, which proceeds slowly, forms less-oxidized intermediate products and reduces cell efficiency. The objective of this master’s project is to model and simulate the ethanol oxidation kinetics in a DEFC. Three models were considered and adjusted to previously collected experimental data: 1) a first-principles ideal model based on Tafel kinetics and complete ethanol oxidation for Pt-Sn catalysts; 2) a realistic first-principles model for the incomplete electro-oxidation of ethanol also for several Pt-Sn catalysts; and 3) a fuzzy model to relate the structural and electronic properties of the Pt3Sn catalyst to cell performance (i.e., predicting current density). All models were implemented in MATLAB. The realistic model had a very good fit for all catalysts studied, as seen by small RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) values, ranging from 0,22 to 4,21 A/cm2, while also predicting the surface coverage distributions in agreement with previous literature works (experimental basis). The fuzzy model structure also exhibited an excellent fit to experimental data. The addition of the integrated intensity as an input variable did not affect the fitted parameters for the other input variables (crystal size, surface area, presence of PtSn phase and cell potential) and, therefore, it was possible to create a broader and more relevant model that includes an electronic property of the catalyst. Response surface analyses, corroborated by particle swarm optimization, indicated that in order to maximize power density the greatest effect comes from decreasing crystal size. Medium potentials and medium integrated intensity are also favorable. In addition, presence of the PtSn phase in moderate amounts is not unfavorable. With these values it was possible to predict the optimization of the power density value to 24,3 mW/cm2, compared to a maximum experimental value of 19,6 mW/cm2.
O itinerário de Ody Fraga rumo ao cinema
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-09)
Mamigonian, José Rafael Gallotti
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Gamo, Alessandro Constantino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8208629144314123
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Sá Neto, Arthur Autran Franco de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5055550097454248
This research aims to investigate the initiation path of screenwriter and film director Ody Fraga (1927–1987). We chose to approach the period that precedes the making of his first feature film "Vidas Nuas" (1967), originated from an unfinished project entitled "Erótica". To retrace his long journey, we go back to his childhood, adolescence, as well as his early work in journalism and theater. We work with different documentary sources, seeking to establish little-known information about the director's life trajectory and “immature work”, reflecting on aspects of his intellectual production throughout this period.
Classificação de placas de trânsito com redes neurais para automação de veículos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-09)
Bademian, Gustavo Bulka Bonafé
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França, Celso Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4547836128892982
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2164345541570676
This article aims to develop a study on the functioning of Convolutional Neural Networks in the classification of traffic signs for use in autonomous cars, thus being able to be used as a tool to aid the vehicle in the decision process while driving, either through controlling the vehicle's speed, identifying the changes that the vehicle must make or even displaying information to the passenger through an on-board computer. To carry out this project, the German Traffic Sign dataset [1] was used. It is a public dataset used during the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) in 2011. It has 39209 images for model training and 12630 images for testing, both divided into 43 distinct classes, each one indicating a different type. of traffic sign. At the end of the article, the reader will not only have knowledge about the theory behind neural networks, but also a theoretical background on the practical use of Convolutional Neural Networks for image classification.
A obesidade abdominal dinapênica acelera o declínio da mobilidade e da função de membros inferiores em pessoas idosas?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-10)
Máximo, Roberta de Oliveira
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Alexandre, Tiago da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5377549816607170
The decline in mobility and lower extremity function are considered the sixth vital sign in older people, as they are precursors of functional disability and predictors of adverse outcomes such as hospitalization, early institutionalization, and death. Although multifactorial in nature, it is affected by two common and gender-differentiated processes in aging: abdominal obesity and dynapenia. However, there is still little evidence on the effect of dynapenic abdominal obesity on the decline in physical performance over time. Thus, the present proposal aims to: 1) analyse the effect of dynapenic abdominal obesity on the trajectory of mobility decline in 2,294 individuals aged 60 years or older, free of mobility limitation at baseline (gait speed > 0.8 m/ s), during eight years of follow-up; 2) analyse sex differences in the effect of dynapenic abdominal obesity on the trajectory of lower extremity function decline in 3,875 individuals aged 60 years or older during eight years of follow-up. The data come from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) having as a baseline the information obtained in the year 2004 that was repeated in four and eight years of follow-up. Mobility was assessed by gait speed (m/s) and lower extremity function by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Abdominal obesity was defined for waist circumference values > 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women and dynapenia was considered for values of handgrip strength < 26 kg for men and < 16 kg for women. Participants were classified as non-dynapenic/non-abdominal obesity (ND/NAO); non-dynapenic/abdominal obesity (ND/AO); dynapenic/non-abdominal obesity (D/NAO) and dynapenic abdominal obese (D/AO). Generalized linear mixed models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, neuropsychiatric, and health status factors were used to trace different trajectories of lower extremity mobility and function decline over eight years of follow-up for each of the four groups analysed. The main results of the longitudinal study carried out with 2,294 subjects aged 60 years or older free from mobility limitation at baseline (gait speed > 0.8 m/s) demonstrate that over eight years of follow-up only D/AO subjects had a greater decline in gait speed (-0.013 m/s per year 95% CI: -0.024 – -0.002; p < 0.05) compared to ND/NAO. The main results of the longitudinal analysis performed with 3,875 older people showed that, at the beginning of the study, men (-1.11 points; 95% CI: -1.58 – -0.65; p < 0.001) and women (-1.39 points; 95% CI: -1.76 – -1.02; p < 0.001) the D/AO had the worst performances in the SPPB compared to their counterparts in the ND/NAO group. During the eight years of follow-up, only D/AO men had a faster decline in SPPB performance compared to ND/NAO men (-0.11 points per year; 95% CI: -0.21 – -0.01; p = 0.032). In conclusion, dynapenic abdominal obesity is associated with an accelerated decline in gait speed in older people of either sex and an accelerated decline in SPPB in men, but not in women. The results of this thesis highlight the importance of the clinical entity of dynapenic abdominal obesity as a very robust indicator to identify and monitor the risk of lower limb mobility and function decline in older people and indicate that efforts should focus on strategies to minimize its It is made. As we have seen, dynapenic abdominal obesity can occur as age advances, but it is potentially modifiable and, when neglected, has important repercussions on functional status, especially in men. The most current guidelines from the World Health Organization establish a policy for older people to incorporate a variety of aerobic exercises and muscle-strengthening activities into their routine. Equally important, public health initiatives need to be sufficient to allow early identification of the dynapenic abdominal obesity phenotype, so that its proper management can prevent the first signs of impaired physical performance in older people.
'É na terra e no mar que tá nossa subsistência': resistência caiçara na Baía dos Castelhanos, Ilhabela
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-10)
Silva, Paula Affonso de Araujo
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Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4144292372070656
This dissertation's objective was to make an ethnography of the relationships established between the caiçara communities of Baía dos Castelhanos, in the archipelago municipality of Ilhabela, and the various constraints to their way of life. Since the second half of the 20th century, especially after the creation of Ilhabela's State Park (PEIb), a series of documents and regulations have crossed the lives and possibilities of maintaining the caiçaras on lands they have occupied for over 200 years. The legal restrictions subsequent to the Park's creation were simultaneous to the intensification of real estate speculation, land grabbing and tourism, which significantly altered the environment and the caiçara way of life. At sea, other difficulties are imposed on the caiçaras, namely: exploration technologies that allow trawlers to leave the sea clean, exploration platforms in ultra-deep waters, presence of large oil tankers and the Route 1 gas pipeline that skirts the archipelago and drives part of pre-salt production to the Treatment Unit on the continent. Fishing is one of the activities whose regulation demanded the composition of new strategies and rearrangements of traditional practices, becoming, from the caiçaras' perspective, the last element giving meaning to their collective existence. Following local terms and evaluations, the caiçara way of resistance is operationalized in two forms: on land, through the incorporation of the papers’ logic, and at sea, through fishing techniques.
A tool-supported approach to adapt web user interfaces considering the emotional state of the user
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-10)
Guimarães, Patrícia Deud
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Neris, Vânia Paula de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0268728255033469
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7044400727451643
The field of Human-Computer Interaction aims at developing computational systems that place the user at the center of the their development, so he/she can have the best experience when interact with the final solution. When it was acknowledged that emotions affect the relation of the individual with what surrounds him/her, scholars began to measure these emotions based on instruments that had been developed over the years. It should be emphasized that emotions can be seen as a composition of five components – physiological reactions, subjective feeling, motor expression, cognitive appraisals and behavioural tendencies. It is believed, therefore, that evaluating more than one component could bring results with greater correctness. Although some studies already measure the user’s emotional state to promote the adaptation of user interfaces and promote a better interaction experience, few worry about leading the user to achieve a desired emotional state. This work presents a new version of UIFlex (PROENÇA; NERIS, 2017), UIFlex 2.0. The previous version is presented as a Google Chrome plugin and it is responsible for providing interface adaptations to improve the accessibility of web pages. To do so, authors created rules of adaptation in JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) format that “injected” code into the web pages. The new proposed version brings together two major changes: (1) the architecture of the solution, which is now based on the MAPE-K model (Monitor-Analyse-Plan-Execute over a shared Knowledge) (KEPHART et al., 2003); (2) new user interface adaptation rules in order to provide color change in it according to theoretical studies published previously. Finally, a double blind experiment was conducted with 44 users in which two tasks were proposed – reading and transcript – on pages with the plugin enabled. Participants of the control group had access to UIFlex 2.0 as participants of the placebo group used UIFlex 3.0, which did not perform any adaptation. Both groups had the majority of participants reaching the desired emotional state – as can be seen in the generated incidence graphs. In addition, the Chi-Square statistical test was applied, which denied the alternative hypothesis. Thus, it is suggested that new rules be developed so that there are a greater number of changes to interface elements.
Identificação dos aspectos didáticos mais valorizados pelos licenciandos em química durante o desenvolvimento do Programa Residência Pedagógica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-10)
Ribeiro, Natália Rodrigues
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Santos Junior, João Batista dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5615071332323472
This study aimed to identify the didactic aspects most valued in the initial training of students of the Degree in Chemistry, at the Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba campus, who were members of the Pedagogical Residency Program (PRP). For this, 150 narratives constructed by the undergraduates participating in the PRP were collected during the second half of 2020, which, as a result of the Coronavirus pandemic, were taught remotely. The analytical methodology used was the discursive textual analysis of Morais and Galiazzi (2006). The analysis process allowed the identification of six categories: “Use of media in remote teaching”; “External context to school education”; “Teacher methodology in remote teaching”; “Difficulty of students and graduates in remote teaching”; “Reflection on teaching”; and “Reflections about the school”. These categories revealed the main didactic aspects valued by the undergraduates and also presented the difficulties and learning of the undergraduates in taking the PRP in the remote modality.
Análise das normas de acessibilidade no transporte aéreo: uma discussão por meio da metassíntese qualitativa do conceito de pessoa com deficiência e da acessibilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-10)
Nasser, Henrique Sacomano
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Camarotto, João Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
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Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194644249955417
The use of airport environments by passengers with disabilities has been increasing both in Brazil and worldwide. The process of air travel by users with disabilities has been accompanied by several challenges regarding the overcoming of barriers that obstruct the full use of these airport environments, and, to meet the demand of these passengers, there are Brazilian standards, such as Resolution No. 280, 2013, of the National Civil Aviation Agency, as well as international regulations, such as the U.S. Federal Code14 CFR Part 382 (Air Carrier Access Act), which was issued in 1987, and its amendments, and the European, through the Regulation No. 1107/2006 (European Union) of accessibility, which aims to provide and guide the conditions for the independent use, safely and autonomously. The aim of the research was to verify the existence of gaps in these regulations regarding the effectiveness of the inclusion of these users with disabilities in the air travel process, abstracted through a qualitative metasynthesis of the concepts of people with disabilities and accessibility (which refers to environmental and social contexts), subsidizing the analysis of these regulations, as well as proposing improvements to these analyzed regulations. The results of the qualitative meta-synthesis point out that the current concepts of the person with disability and accessibility are elements which comprise the same discussion spectrum, that is, one correlates with the development of the other, for the person with disability is only "disabled" when the environment does not propose elements susceptible of full accessibility by means of the principles designated by the universal design. In the analysis of these concepts abstracted from the meta-synthesis with the standards, as well as the discussion about them, it was verified that they present frailties in relation to the criteria of environment transformation by the accessibility of the universal design, so that the disability which, before, was established as a person's infirmity, disappears when the person can have full access to these environments, being socially inclusive. The barriers imposed in the air travel process are complex and interact with all the parties and the several players in the air travel process, thus making the uses of these spaces more challenging for passengers with disabilities, and a standard that serves as a guide is required to solve all these obstacles, with the change being based on the environment, and not on the conduct of these passengers. By this premise, the improvement of the norm consists, in a first moment, in separating the prescriptions that mention the improvement of the environment in the sense of offering a universalization of accessibility from the medical situations of illness that the passengers have. This dichotomy resides in specifying situations in which the passenger's capacity is compromised due to illnesses that require specific care, to be treated in separate norms, including with the support of the regulatory health and sanitary surveillance bodies. Therefore, the whole effort of the research is relevant for the inclusion of people with disabilities in the several social contexts, especially in the passenger air transport, being that the norm is, at the same time, a regulated situation, in the sense of imposing a formalization of the situations. On the other hand, it cannot be understood only by reasons of its formal interlacing, being plausible to be modified due to the evolution of science and its precepts that are comprehended therein.
Análise da inserção urbana de um empreendimento de habitação de interesse social: o estudo de caso do residencial Carandá em Sorocaba – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-11)
Ferrari, Telma Ferreira Brisola
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Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6738732236701571
The reproduction of the urban space reflects the performance of multiple actors with different interests; most of the time, the economic nature stands out to the detriment of the social-environmental. In Brazil, one of the urbanization problems is related to its segregating nature, implying the unequal access of diverse social extracts to the cities, their services, and urban equipment; it also reflects on the housing deficit rates. In 2009, to catch up with this demand, the Federal Program, Programa Federal Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), was implemented. One of its modalities constituted popular housing production through financial subsidies and the performance of construction companies. However, if, on the one hand, the PMCMV generated staggering numbers of houses, on the other hand, the market logic overlaps the idea of housing politics, and it was not able to transform the inequalities arising from the exclusionary urbanization. As a result, great housing came true outlying the city's fringes, where land is cheaper, there are no markets nor services, and urban mobility is harmed. In Sorocaba – SP, the Jardim Carandá residential area is shown as an example of everything said, considering that for its viability, it was necessary to enlarge many urban services, representing a high social cost for the city not necessarily supplying the residents' demands. In this scenery, the analysis of Carandá Urban Insertion, which considers attributes such as its localization, access to urban infrastructure, and urban fluidity, is shown as an asset to illustrate the issues previously commented on and demonstrate that constructing houses means constructing cities. It also makes us reflect on the role of housing politics and land management, represented by the Directing Plans, in reproducing the urban spread. Finally, it invites us to rethink what kind of cities we are building for the next generations by reproducing an urbanization model that is already showing itself to be unsustainable.
Eco inovação em materiais poliméricos: direcionadores e barreiras de pesquisas voltadas à eco inovação no Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais da Universidade Federal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-11)
Augusto, Edna Hercules
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Fonseca, Sérgio Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879240108726907
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7786329116376734
Due to changes in contemporary capitalism, organizations are being forced to realize that for economic development to continue, they must seek innovations that maintain a balance with sustainability. Eco-innovations (EI) are inserted in this context, to the extent that they represent new products, processes, marketing techniques, or system-wide changes, whether disruptive or incremental, but always aimed at improving environmental performance. They are important for changing the current linear economic model, whose relationship with nature consists of extracting, producing, and disposing, to a circular economy model that intends to reconcile capital accumulation and environmental conservation. In this scenario, it is relevant to reflect on how the university is inserted into this EI system, since the knowledge produced therein places it in a role as a propeller of sustainable development. The understanding of drivers and barriers to EI(s) from the perspective of researchers at a Brazilian federal university can improve the management of innovation in the institution and its relationship with society. Thus, this dissertation aims to bring an analytical model of drivers and barriers to eco-innovations from the perspective of the university compared to that of companies whose vision was captured through systematic literature reviews (RBS) on eco innovation and key drivers and barriers, the state of the art has shown that this is a very incipient theme, with very few articles that bring the perspective of the university, This is a unique case study, but relevant because drivers and barriers of eco innovation activities are identified between 01/01/2010 and 01/12/2020, from the perception of researchers in polymeric materials of the Materials Engineering Department (DEMa) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). This research has a qualitative nature and a descriptive and exploratory purpose, using content analysis techniques to codify and analyze data collected from documents and semi-structured interviews, helping the understanding of drivers and barriers to EI(s) from the perspective of researchers at a federal university, which can improve the management of innovation in the institution and its relationship with society
Ações de enfermagem preventivas de respostas adversas a meio de contraste iodado: uma revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-11)
Augusto, Renata Aparecida dos Reis Presses
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Eduardo, Aline Helena Appoloni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9804415222026713
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9541640702219383
The objective of this review was to identify evidence available in the literature on actions of preventive nursing of adverse responses to iodinated contrast media. the question of research for this study was as follows: “What is the effectiveness of preventive nursing actions of adverse reactions developed by patients who will receive iodinated contrast? ”. Method: systematic review based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute, the databases consulted were National Library of Medicine and National Institute of Health – PUBMED, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature - CINAHL, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences – LILACS and Scielo. The words keys employed were: contrast media; prevention; nursing care. The criteria study eligibility criteria were primary studies that presented preventive measures with results attributed to the prevention of adverse response to the contrast medium they used methods with the proposal of this review. The identified articles had titles and abstracts analyzed by two different reviewers, who applied the eligibility criteria and selected the articles for full reading. Afterwards, the removal of articles that have not yet met the criteria and the duplicates were analyzed using the software Summarize. Results: From the analysis of the selected articles, the actions of nursing aimed at preventing adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media. At they were grouped into 03 categories, as follows: Assessment of the risk of adverse reactions to the contrast medium, Non-pharmacological measures for the prevention of adverse reactions to the environment of contrast and Specific care with pharmacological measures to prevent reactions adverse to the contrast medium. Conclusion: The evidence from this systematic review resulted in in the organization of nursing actions aimed at preventing adverse responses in the midst of iodinated contrast, in consultations in the various areas of diagnostic support and interventions performed in radiology.
Proposta da utilização de uma fibra de núcleo oco anti-ressonante para detecção simultânea de metano, monóxido de carbono e monóxido de nitrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-11)
Silva, Artur de Araujo
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Francisco, Carlos Alberto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1246572405382250
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Barea, Luis Alberto Mijam
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7929868663210908
Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Optical Fibers (AR-HCF) is a novel hollow-core fiber with a low refractive index in the core and a high refractive index in the cladding. Unlike conventional solid-core optical fibers, where light confinement occurs by total internal reflection, in hollow-core fibers, this confinement can be explained by photonic bandgap mechanisms and by the theory of leaky modes. This work describes the simulations of AR-HCF using the finite element method (FEM), aiming its application in optical sensing. We performed numerical simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics software to study the propagation characteristics of AR-HCF. Also, we made simulation-related analyses, such as boundary conditions, size of mesh elements suitable to be used, and methods to reduce computational effort. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the potential application of AR-HCF as efficient sensors for the simultaneous detection of three gases: methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen monoxide (NO). We investigated two fibers, one made of silicon oxide (SiO2) and indium(III) fluoride (InF3), to demonstrate the impact of the fiber material on performance over a wide wavelength range. We also considered in simulations the insertion of small holes perpendicular to the fiber length to enable the gas entry in the fiber's hollow core. The simulation results show that the designed fibers present low losses in the wavelengths of the absorption lines of the three gases. The highest attenuation value obtained in the simulations was 5.76dB/m for the SiO2 fiber and 0.06dB/m for the InF3 fiber, for λ = 5262.95 nm. Also, a linear behavior of the attenuation as a function of the gas concentration for the three gases of interest in the two designed fibers was obtained in the simulations. The sensitivity obtained by the sensor using an InF3 fiber with a length of 10 meters was 3.8x10^-2 (mV/ppm), 31x10^-2 (mV/ppm) and 11x10^-2 (mV/ppm) for the gases CH4, CO and NO, respectively. For the sensor using a SiO2 fiber with a length of 5 meters, the sensitivity estimated in this work was 1.9x10^-2 (mV/ppm), 15x10^-2 (mV/ppm) and 5.5x10^-2 (mV/ppm) for the gases CH4, CO and NO, respectively. In terms of the detection limits, the fiber made of InF3 material is capable of detecting concentrations of 13.2 to 86271 (ppm) of CH4, 1.6 to 10473 (ppm) of CO and 4.5 to 29340 (ppm) NO. The limits of detection for the fiber constituted of SiO2 were 26.5 to 163990 (ppm) of CH4, 3.2 to 20175 (ppm) of CO and 9.1 to 33034 (ppm) of NO.
Modelagem matemática, serviços ecossistêmicos e análise da paisagem como ferramentas no manejo de reservatórios inseridos em áreas antropizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-11)
Silva, Fabio Leandro da
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Fushita, Ângela Terumi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1078644223231926
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Santino, Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356641063223397
In the last decade, a water crisis has been experienced that has negatively impacted several economic sectors and caused adverse effects that interfere with the maintenance of aquatic systems. Reservoirs are artificial systems that play an important role in the electricity generation and water storage, but many socio-environmental impacts are observed during their construction and those systems have been impacted by anthropogenic activities. Therefore, there is a need to use approaches that enable the evaluation of these systems, as well as the establishment of management strategies. For that, we used: (i) a zero-dimensional model to verify the mass balance of limnological variables; (ii) quality management tools for analyzing limnological data; (iii) landscape analysis and use of a landscape structure indicator; and (iv) a qualitative approach to the assessment of ecosystem services. Upstream and downstream points of the Barra Bonita (RBB), Salto Grande (RSG), Itupararanga (RI) and Jaguari-Jacareí (RJJ) reservoirs were evaluated, considering the rainy (January, March, November) and dry seasons (May, July, September). Data from the ‘Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo’ (CETESB) were used for the following variables: electrical conductivity (EC), thermotolerant coliforms (FC), biological oxygen demand (BOD5,20), dissolved oxygen (DO), total chloride (CHL), ammonia nitrogen (NH4), nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), pH, turbidity (TURB), total phosphorus (TP), and total solids (ST). In RBB, upstream stations of the Tietê and Piracicaba rivers were evaluated, as well as a downstream station in the Tietê river. Considering the RSG, an upstream and downstream station on the Atibaia river was evaluated. In the case of the RI, three upstream stations (Una, Sorocabuçu and Sorocamirim rivers) and other downstream, close to the dam, were evaluated. Concerning RJJ, two stations were verified in the Jaguari river: one upstream and the other downstream. In terms of mathematical modeling, RBB demonstrated a good capacity to retain limnological variables, especially those related to the sedimentation process. Considering the guiding values of CONAMA Resolution 357/05 and CETESB, it was found that BBR, SGR and RI had the highest number of non-conformities. EC, FC, BOD5,20, DO and TP are responsible for most non-conformities. In relation to the land cover of the Piracicaba-Capivari-Jundiaí and Sorocaba-Médio Tietê Water Resources Management Units between 2010 and 2020, the predominance of anthropogenic uses (agricultural and urbanized areas) is evident, which occupy more 60% of the territory, despite the native vegetation recovery. The Distance to Nature (D2N) showed the predominance of urbanized/intensively cultivated landscapes (> 60%), as well as areas that were unchanged and changed in natural or artificial direction. As for ecosystem services, it was shown that changes in limnological variables affect the maintenance of biodiversity and directly impact the provision of ecosystem services. It is recommended the implementation of strategies that contribute to the improvement of the environmental quality of the study area and water bodies, the approach was useful for the evaluation of these ecosystems and contributes to the decision making.