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O ensino superior nos governos petistas: uma análise temática dos discursos presidenciais de 2003 a 2016
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-08) Diniz, Bruna Mello; Cepêda, Vera Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2161259639958761
The trajectory of Brazilian higher education is marked by some characteristics that have given it unique contours. First, it is significant that while universities entered the scene in other Latin American countries at the beginning of Spanish colonization, in the mid-16th century, the first universities founded in terra brasilis date only from the beginning of the 20th century. This is because, among us, higher education followed the model of isolated schools, of French inspiration, for the purpose of professional training – a factor that certainly contributed to its late development, which began only after 1808. Secondly, another distinctive aspect is the emergence, accentuated after the military dictatorship, of a non-university higher education arrangement massively dominated by the private sector, while public universities until 1980 occupied a timid fraction within this system. Henceforth, intense political, economic and social processes shaped the new directions of higher education in the country, which, under the command of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, came to be dominated by private universities, which prospered in pursuit of privatist policies. From 2003, however, a turning point emerged with the policies aimed at expanding Federal Institutions of Higher Education inaugurated by the governments of Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010) and Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016). Considering this scenario and starting from the premise that the aforementioned policies produced profound transformations in Brazilian higher education, this research proposed to investigate whether in the official narratives of the Federal Executive during the PT administration, concerns about higher education were expressed and/or had already proposals for this sector have been outlined. In this sense, the methodology used consisted in carrying out a thematic analysis, with the help of the NVivo software, of the presidential speeches enunciated by Lula and Dilma from 2003 to 2016, in order to identify the presence of the education theme and, more specifically, of the higher education. From this, 3136 speeches were downloaded through the website of the Library of the Presidency of the Republic, which were later cut to 1368 referring to the topic of education, this being the corpus considered for the analysis. The main results of the research, in turn, showed that: 1) “education” was among the five most prevalent themes in the presidents' speeches; 2) “higher education” received more prominence in President Lula’s speeches, while Dilma gave priority to “technical education”; 3) “university and social development” was a theme highlighted both in Lula’s and Dilma’s speeches, denoting that these spaces were elected as bulwarks of social inclusion of historically excluded and marginalized groups, with special attention to the poor, women and black people; 4) the democratization of access to higher education also proved to be an expressive element in the speeches, with the themes “quotas”, “reservation of university vacancies” and “ENEM” mentioned frequently, even in the period preceding to the implementation of such policies.
A framework for time-to-market reduction in startups
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-08) Mota, Renata de Oliveira; Ganga, Gilberto Miller Devós; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9062191157466610; Godinho Filho, Moacir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8754982665286381
Companies need to commit to new product development (NPD) and innovation to maintain sustainable competition. An excellent indicator to measure the technological change in a market is the portfolio of start-ups, after all, these companies develop new-to-the-world products every day. They can benefit more from innovation because they have less rigid routines and, consequently, greater adaptability to change. However, the sustainability of start-ups is very fragile. It is observed a high percentage of companies that are discontinued in a short time. Therefore, it is essential to promote actions that corroborate the improvement of the performance of these companies. Start-ups should minimize the time to receive feedback from customers about the product to be successful. This implies that these companies must produce, measure and learn quickly. Currently, there is a lack of a well-structured gradual approach for establishing factors to reduce time-to-market (TTM) in startups. Being early can provide an important competitive advantage, making the TTM reduction a significant area for inquiry. To address this need, the objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for startups to reduce time-to-market. First, to point out the drivers and capabilities for reduced TTM, as well as show its main attributes and effects on performance, a systematic literature review was developed. The results indicate 5 drivers as motivators for companies to reduce this time. As well as 19 capabilities grouped into five categories, namely: team, product, process, integration and strategy. In addition, 11 performance indicators are sensitive to TTM reduction. This stage has as the main contribution the proposal of a theoretical model that synthesizes 25 years of literature. A research agenda is also presented with interesting gaps found in this topic. Then, to identify the map of the relationship between drivers and capabilities pointed out in the NPD literature and their potential effect on start-ups performance, Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) was used with data obtained through interviews with experts. Only from this structured model and validated by experts, it was possible to create a TTM reduction measurement scale in startups using the item classification method, which resulted in a structured questionnaire. Thus, a survey was carried out on a sample of 191 startups to empirically investigate the impact of these drivers and capabilities and test the relationship between the contours of the model. Structural Equation Modeling was used for data analysis. With the fulfillment of the research objective, the best proven and modern organizational capabilities implemented by innovative companies in the process of developing new products can serve to guide future professionals in their innovation journey.
Diversidade genética e estruturação populacional em capivaras, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-08) Felix, Mariana Campanha; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4847446491505937
Decreased connectivity for species and consequently limited dispersal can be linked to various environmental factors such as climate, dispersal barriers, or limited dispersal. In the case of semi-aquatic organisms such as capybara, their dispersion can be influenced by the presence of water bodies. Our work aims to evaluate the distribution of genetic diversity of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris in river basins of South America. We also evaluated the presence of structuring between different hydrographic basins and between hydrographic microbasins of the Paraguay and Alto Paraná basins in Brazilian territory. For this, we amplified a fragment of the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA, constructed haplotype networks and performed phylogenetic and molecular analysis of variance. We also reconstructed a demographic history with the Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis. Our results showed that H. hydrochaeris populations are structured between the Orinoco, Paraguay and Alto Paraná basins, but still maintain ancestral polymorphisms and possibly a flow of individuals between the Paraguay and Alto Paraná basins. On the other hand, the genetic diversity, both haplotypic and nucleotide, in the Paraguay and Alto Paraná basins is high and the populations show a relatively recent demographic growth, the populations of the Orinoco basin show low diversity and a population decline. The patterns of structure and genetic diversity are probably a result of the distinct evolutionary history of watersheds and recent demographic fluctuations suffered by populations, respectively.
Indicadores censitários da Educação Superior brasileira (2017-2019): estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-08) Morgado, Liz Amaral Saraiva; Orlando, Rosimeire Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4792151711883696
This study addresses the issue related to the access of students target audience of Special Education to Brazilian Higher Education, through the analysis of enrollments from 2017 to 2019. We sought to answer the following research question: what enrollments in Higher Education Brazilian government reveal about the access of disability students at this level of training? Thus, the present study has as a general objective to research and analyze the access of disability students in Brazilian Higher Education, from 2017 to 2019, and as specific objectives: - To outline the profile of disability student enrollment in Brazilian Higher Education, according to with specifics and gender; - Investigate the enrollment of disability students in different administrative facilities. The theoretical-methodological framework that supported the study, characterized as being qualitative and quantitative, exploratory and descriptive, in view of the use of census data, based on dialectical historical materialism and on the results and discussions, included the tables resulting from the data collection and analysis axes: (i) disability students: specificities; (ii) Entering and; (iii) disability students: administrative dependence of HEIs. The categories were analyzed based on the concepts presented by István Mészáros. As a result of the analysis, with regard to the enrollment of disability students, the scenario that emerges is the growth in the insertion of these students in the educational sphere and that affirmative action policies are a opportunity for the historically excluded public in higher education. Despite having already expanded access to universities, there is still a lot to be done, as many institutional accessibility services are not universalized and the existence of such actions depends a lot on each administrative dependence of the HEIs.