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Bibliometria e análise de conteúdo sobre o ensino por competências na educação em engenharia de materiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-08) Lopes, Mariana Salgado; Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6576844591900987; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1970-6375; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9509308023100332; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4040-0653
Engineering education is a field of great importance, due to its ability to graduate strategic professionals to support the socioeconomic growth of the countries. Materials Engineering, for instance, emerged in Brazil with the objective of improve a better use of materials and adding technological concepts that help the generation of wealth for the country. However, for these professionals to be able to perform their role properly, there is a need for holistic education, providing a solid technical base and the soft skills necessary to perform professionally. Thus, much has been debated in recent years about the need to update engineering education around the world. The goal of this work is to aid the teaching and implementation of soft skills in the Materials Engineering course program in the Federal University of São Carlos, through an analysis of bibliometric indicators in competency-based learning publications indexed in the Web of Science database from 2001 to 2020, and content analysis of the new National Curricular Guidelines, the pedagogical course project and the Institutional Modernization Project. The indicators showed a significant increase in the number of publications over the years, indicating a growing interest in this topic. The USA leads in the number of publications in the area, concentrating institutions and researchers with the highest number of publications. A significant portion of the analyzed publications resulted from events on Engineering Education, highlighting the importance of their realization and indexing of publications in databases. The content analysis indicates the need for a greater alignment between the objective of building competences and the pedagogical activities provided for in the course. It was possible to conclude that, the use of unconventional analytical methodologies in the field of Engineering Education, represents a big potential in the investigation of new improving sources in the modernizations of the graduation courses.
Formação de professores e educação de pessoas com deficiência: concepções de docentes formadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-08) Almeida, Luisa de Souza Leão; Vilaronga, Carla Ariela Rios; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6536774151778096; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7388884197089208
The development of human resources, specifically the training of secondary teachers, is considered one of the pillars of the inclusive education of disabled students. However, it has been suggested that the undergraduate training received by teachers has not been enough for them to co-create an equity environment for all students. Given this scenario, it is necessary to investigate from what conceptions instructors who train secondary teachers have conducted their training practices. Thus, this study aimed to analyze post-secondary instructors who teach courses on the theme of education of disabled people. Also, we wanted to understand their conceptions about the structuring of disciplines related to this theme and its relationship with the training of future professionals. The research was characterized as a case study conducted at the Universidade Federal do Pará, with the participation of seven instructors from undergraduate courses who teach subjects related to the education of disabled people. Data collection was carried out in two stages: 1) document analysis, referring to the mapping of subjects related to the education of disabled people taught in undergraduate courses on five university campuses; 2) field study, which consisted of conducting semi-structured interviews with university professors. Data analysis was based on the Method of Interpretation of Meanings, which includes three phases: understanding, exploration and interpretative synthesis. The results gave rise to five thematic axes. Axis A, referring to teachers' training and performance paths in the field of Special Education, indicated differences in the following dimensions: a) specific academic training in the area; b) personal, professional or institutional factors and motivations. Axis B, referred to concepts about curriculum and didactics for the education of disabled people. It was identified that, of the 21 undergraduate courses analyzed, 20 had a Libras subject and seven had general subjects in the area of Special Education. Still, in regards to this axis, teachers pointed out that such subjects impact training by sensitizing future teachers and offering initial instruments for their performance. Axis C dealt with institutional aspects and accessibility at the university, indicating a lack of human resources. Axis C results showed the existence of additional training spaces beyond regular training, such as research and extension, especially in Libras. Axis D referred to teachers' conceptions of disability. The results pointed to the perception of individual and institutional barriers present in different relationships with disabled people and the understanding of the need to produce attitudinal changes across disciplines. The organic, social and metaphysical concepts permeated the analyzed discourses. Axis E allowed the knowledge of conceptions about education for disabled people. The results pointed to dimensions such as affection and empathy regarding this process and the importance of legal aspects in the face of perceived resistance. The Specialized Educational Service appeared as the primary reference model for the education of disabled people. The dialogue with the training teachers proved to be decisive in elucidating conceptions and discourses about disabled people, who circulate in different social spaces and impact the training processes.
O empreendedor institucional e a inserção de pequenos agricultores familiares no mercado: o Projeto Agro Família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-08) Arciprete, João Paulo Rodrigues; Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3740950346967524; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8946449681000920
There is a large number of public policies aimed at family farming in Brazil. Access to these policies could help farmers to better integrate into distribution channels such as supermarkets, bars, restaurants, street markets and city halls. However, a set of barriers continues to impede access to markets, such as the fierce competitive environment, greater demand for food quality and safety, increased production scale, among others. This thesis establishes two propositions. The first is that many barriers persist due to the absence of an intermediary institutionality capable of bridging the gap between the general rules of established policies and the needs of small producers. The second is that the creation of this institutionality can be carried out through institutional entrepreneurs. The New Institutional Economics was used as a theoretical framework. It is proposed that it is necessary to observe what Menard (2017) classified as meso-institutions, that is, a fundamental institutionality so that rules and rights established at a macro level, such as those established in government law programs, are interpreted and implemented in a micro level. The transformation or creation of this new institutionality can arise through the actions of entrepreneurs with the necessary resources to take advantage of the opportunities to make changes (Dimaggio;1988). To demonstrate these propositions, the case of the Agro Família Project was examined, in which the Brazilian Support Service for Micro and Small Enterprises (SEBRAE), the National Rural Learning Service (SENAR) and other organizations acted with the objective of creating an institutional framework that would allow family farmers in the region of Ribeirão Preto, SP, to be included in commercialization channels, such as direct sales to consumers at street markets, restaurants, bars and municipal governments. Data were collected through participant observation, documentary analysis and interviews with 49 producers, 3 leaders of producer organizations, the Sebrae consultant responsible for serving the farmers and 24 nutritionists and/or responsible for school meals in the municipalities in the region. The data allowed identifying the barriers faced by producers and confirming both propositions. The performance of institutional entrepreneurs, such as Sebrae and Senar, allowed the overcoming of barriers and, therefore, the commercialization of products within the scope of the PNAE, in the local retail trade, in street markets and home deliveries. The role of these organizations was to build the necessary bridges to overcome obstacles, assuming a governance role in the process of eliminating barriers, where they were accepted for having social legitimacy and ability to deal with the public and private sectors. This thesis corroborates with different studies that characterize the institutional entrepreneur and the creation of new institutionalities, considering the situation of organizational fields and the existence of institutional voids as a generator of opportunities for entrepreneurial action. The study also contributes to the advancement of studies on institutional entrepreneurship in promoting changes and/or creating meso-institutions.
Aplicação de sensores eletroquímicos com (nano)materiais de carbono na área de Food Safety: uma revisão bibliográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-08) Silva, Ingrid Aparecida Félix da; Ferreira, Luís Marcos Cerdeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6938778456306699; Vicentini, Fernando Campanhã; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2380414092419355; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5261250609740676
Food safety and food security are extremely relevant concepts worldwide, so they are covered in three of the seventeen sustainable development goals of the United Nations (UN) and such concepts start from the human right to have access to healthy food, sufficient for survival and safe. The UN estimates alarming numbers of people who fall ill or die from contaminated food. Among the contaminations are those from pesticides due to intoxication due to acute exposure, intentional adulterations of foods that are carried out in order to increase productivity or even prevent the product from being discarded due to inadequacy to the standards established by legislation and deadline validity; food contaminated by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, which can cause serious health consequences; and also the migration of components from packaging to food at undesirable levels. Having identified the health risks that these contaminants can generate, it is essential to have scientific techniques and methods as a means to guarantee the quality of what will be consumed. The use of electrochemical sensors modified with carbon (nano)materials has become a very promising approach in recent years due to their low cost, ease of handling and the possibility of performing on-site analysis. Carbon nanomaterials include carbon nanotubes, graphene, quantum dots, among others; are widely used in electrochemistry due to their excellent physicochemical properties such as chemical stability, mechanical strength and excellent electrical conductivity. In order to review the most recent electrochemical sensing techniques in the area of food safety using carbon (nano)materials, a review was carried out from academic works searched in databases using specific keywords and publication period so that it was possible to find articles that integrate the theme. It was noted that carbon nanomaterials have great potential in electrochemical sensing, in addition to showing compatibility with different types of inorganic materials such as metallic nanoparticles, phosphorene and zinc oxide, but also with organic materials and biomolecules such as polyaniline, aptamers and beeswax, highlighting the range of uses and possibilities of modification of working electrodes, leading to the development of increasingly sensitive methods that include the detection of a variety of contaminants found in the food production chain.
Redes neurais para grafos e suas aplicações aos sistemas complexos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-08) Carvalho, Guilherme Michel Lima de; Rodrigues, Francisco Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2153014839354888; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1288291441181363
Complex systems are composed of several components that interact with each other. A natural approach for these types of systems is to use mathematical graph abstraction. In different contexts in the real world, it is possible to use complex network techniques to model these systems. In these systems, dynamic processes such as the spread of information and the spread of disease can occur. In this work we consider the use of artificial neural network techniques for graph-structured data in order to study the propagation of rumor in complex networks and the detection of community structures. For the proposed case of rumor, a model was developed based on graph neural networks for the porpuse of detected the source of the a rumour in graphs with community structure and for community dectection was evaluate the potential of graph neural networks in comparison to traditional methods of the network science.
Qualidade físico-química e armazenamento pós-colheita de frutos de genótipos de lima ácida Tahiti
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-08) Guilmo, Leonardo da Silva; Azevedo, Fernando Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0574692206149746; Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6623193710607120; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3645025917192066
The Brazilian citrus industry is among the largest in the world, with a consolidated and growing market, with this, the demand for quality fruits for the domestic market and, mainly, for export, has been increasing. In BAG Citros IAC there are 23 accessions of acid lime (Citrus latifolia), the species has been exploited internationally as an “in natura” fruit, exported in large quantities by Brazil, especially to the European continent, but other alternatives for use for domestic market are concentrated juices, the main use of acid lime in Brazil, presenting high added value and with high investments. The objective of this work was to select genotypes of Tahiti acid lime (Citrus latifolia) in terms of vegetative development and productivity, physicochemical characteristics and post-harvest storage of the fruits. Initially, 12 acid lime genotypes were evaluated (IAC 304/IAC 5, IAC 616/IAC 10, BRS Ponta Firme, IAC 302, IAC 1728, IAC 654, CNPMF 02 IAC 1491, IAC 303, Folha Murcha IAC, Quebra Galho Catanduva, Quebra Galho Mogi Mirim and Quebra Galho Paranapuã) regarding the vegetative and productive development, and physicochemical characteristics of the fruits (Experiment 1). Subsequently, three genotypes were selected for evaluation of productive development and post-harvest testing, where the fruits were divided into standards for commercialization in the domestic and foreign markets (Experiment 2). The evaluations started in the second half of 2019 and ended in the second half of 2021. The genotypes IAC 304/IAC 5, IAC 616/IAC 10 and BRS Ponta Firme showed greater vegetative and productive development in March (2020), in addition, presented good results, staying within established standards for mass, conformation index, juice yield, vitamin C, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio and technological index. In experiment 2, the IAC 616/IAC 10 and BRS Ponta Firme genotypes showed higher productivity compared to the IAC 304/IAC 5 genotype, in March (2021); and in the post-harvest test were also highlights, for fruits with standards for domestic and foreign markets, with less loss of mass and less loss of dark green color. There were no significant differences between genotypes for juice yield, vitamin C, soluble solids, acidity and ratio. Of the genotypes studied, IAC 616/IAC 10 and BRS Ponta Firme showed higher productivity and good results for physical-chemical analysis and post-harvest testing, showing potential to be new commercial varieties for Brazilian citrus industry.
Qualidade físico-química e tolerância à Phyllosticta citricarpa, Elsinoe fawcettii e “Candidatus Liberibacter spp.” em genótipos de limão (Citrus limon)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-08) Ronquim, Júlio Cesar Sammarco; Azevedo, Fernando Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0574692206149746; Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6623193710607120; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0703129877248367
Lemon genotypes are affected by several diseases that jeopardize their productive sustainability. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical quality of fruits and the incidence and severity of citrus black spot diseases (Phyllosticta citricarpa), Verrugose (Elsinoe fawcettii) and HLB (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.) in three lemon genotypes. . The work was carried out on plants and fruits harvested from the Citrus Working Collection of the Citriculture Center 'Sylvio Moreira', established in 2015/2016. In this work, the physicochemical quality of fruits (mass, height and width of the fruits, juice yield, Vitamin C content and essential oil yield) and the incidence and severity of diseases in three main lemon genotypes were evaluated: Eureka IAC 644, Feminello Sta T-2 IAC 272, Lisbon IAC 267. The evaluation data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means of the analyzes were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The mass and height of the fruits of the three genotypes with HLB symptoms were lower in relation to the asymptomatic fruits. In the evaluation of juice yield, the symptoms of black spot and HLB reduced the juice yield of some genotypes: Eureka IAC 644 (MPC), Femminello Sta T.-2 IAC 272 (MPC), Lisboa IAC 267 (HLB) and Femminello Sta T.-2 IAC 272 (HLB). Juice from fruits with HLB symptoms of the Eureka IAC 644 genotype had lower vitamin C content compared to this asymptomatic genotype. The essential oil yield was lower when the genotypes presented HLB symptoms, in relation to the asymptomatic genotypes. The Femminello Sta Tereza IAC 272 and Eureka IAC 644 genotypes had a higher incidence of MPC than the Lisboa IAC 267 genotype. The black spot severity in the Feminello Sta Tereza IAC 272 genotype was higher than the Eureka IAC 644 and Lisboa 267 genotypes. There was no difference. in the incidence and severity of warts among the three genotypes. Of the evaluated genotypes, Eureka IAC 644 and Femminello Sta Tereza IAC 272 showed higher HLB severity in relation to the Lisboa IAC 267 genotype. It is concluded that the fruits of the Eureka IAC 644, Lisboa IAC 267 and Femminello Sta Tereza IAC 272 genotypes with symptoms of HLB has lower mass, height, juice yield and oil yield compared to asymptomatic genotypes. The Lisboa IAC 267 genotype has higher tolerance to HLB compared to the other genotypes.
A percepção de moradores da região de Sorocaba sobre plantas frutíferas e a relação com o ensino de botânica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-08) Cavallari, Bianca Lacerda; Souto, Letícia Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9284280370140756; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0558828152726805
Plants and humans have been connected since the start of our human evolution, since its first use in meals, which culminated in the domestication of many vegetable species until the present date, when plants are used by mankind in various ways. Even though they have such an important role in the life of humans, what makes them so uninteresting to students? Theory-dense classes with contents disconnected from the student reality and the absence of science labs are only some of the points observed in studies about the matter. To understand a bit better the relation between human beings and plants, a questionnaire was created, which was presented to the citizens of the Sorocaba metropolitan region with the goal to observe if it would be possible to identify plant species without the presence of their fruit. The questionnaire also contained questions about the environment the person lived in and how was their relationship with plants during their childhood. Those that had the least correct answers were also those who said to have no contact with plants in their day-to-day life and also remembered a low number of botany topics from their school years. The opposite was also true. These results can be explained by the growth of plant blindness in our society. The plant blind person cannot identify plants around them as nothing more than decoration instead of living organisms that provide so much to humans. To fight plant blindness, it is important to diversify botany classes utilizing more practical lessons and experiments and introducing botanical topics since the first years of schooling.