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Influência dos modelos de carbonização na análise não linear geométrica de treliças de madeira em situação de incêndio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Silva, Thiago Damasceno; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8332124396853872
In this work, a numerical study about the geometric nonlinear analysis of plane timber trusses in fire situations was carried out. The analysis was based on a positional formulation of the finite element method. The effects of fire exposure were considered by the carbonization and loss of the timber element's cross section according to the effective section method. The normative guidelines about carbonization models from the revision project of the Brazilian Standard ABNT NBR 7190, the European Standard EN 1995-1-2, and the Australian Standard AS 1720.4 were adopted in the analysis. Three truss systems were proposed for study, and five hardwoods and two softwoods were considered. In the models associated with the revision project of the Brazilian Standard, the charring rates of timber were defined according to experimental values from literature, while the charring rate values suggested by the normative guidelines were adopted in the models from European and Australian Standards. For the geometric nonlinear analysis, the finite element formulation was performed from the total potential energy minimization, whose nonlinear equations system was related to the nodal positions of the structure and solved by the Newton-Raphson method. The critical instability loads of truss systems were estimated by a procedure called iterative process of apparent critical load, which was proposed to reduce the number of iterations necessary for convergence. Computational codes were developed in the MATLAB language to process the analyses and the graphic design, as structural models and diagrams. Regarding the results obtained for a maximum time of fire exposure of 20 minutes, the geometric nonlinear analysis allowed more precise values than a simple geometric linear analysis for normal stresses, internal forces and displacements. In some cases, the results referring to the fire exposed models analyzed from the revision project of the Brazilian standard guidelines exhibited little variation relating to the Australian standard, while the final parameters obtained from the European standard procedures were less conservative in general. The iterative process of apparent critical load, when compared to a conventional procedure, promoted iterations and time reductions greater than 80% for convergence of the truss critical instability load.
Problema de N Corpos e sua Relação com o Caos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Souza, Jéssica Cristina Leonel de; Cantão, Renato Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3016268479248046; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8919831605790936
Daily experience shows that nature is made up of countless bodies interacting with each other, macroscopic, like planets and stars, or microscopic, such as atoms and molecules. The laws of motion established by Isaac Newton in the 17th century were developed to explain how forces act on bodies to produce motion and how bodies interact with each other. Newton was the first to formally solve the problem of N = 2 massive bodies moving in three-dimensional space, with their initial positions and velocities known, and interacting with each other under the exclusive action of gravity. The universal gravitational law was successfully applied to solve this problem, prooving the three laws of Kepler, which were established for the description of the motion of the planets in the solar system. From this result, Newton naturally extended his analysis to the three-body problem, in order to describe the Earth-Moon-Sun system. However, the problem for N ≥ 3 bodies has become a challenge for humanity, remaining even today without a complete analytical solution, that can provide the trajectories of the system. Nevertheless, restricted solutions of this problem showed that extremely complex dynamics could be observed in simple deterministic systems. These results marked the beginning of the study of chaotic systems. In this work we present how the fundamental properties of these systems can be introduced and discussed from the two-body problem in the context of celestial mechanics. We start with this problem to discuss the basic principles and concepts of Classical Mechanics such as the initial state of a system, its center of mass and the principles of conservation of energy and of angular and linear momenta. These were essential to demonstrate analytically that the trajectories of the system are described by stable and periodic orbits, as established by Kepler’s laws. The emergence of chaos in this system is observed by considering the general three-body problem. The addition of one more body caused the stability and regularity of the trajectories observed in the two-body system to disappear, giving way to irregular, non-periodic and extremely sensitive dependence on the initial conditions of the system. All analysis of the chaotic system was done numerically. By comparing the results obtained for the two- and three-body systems, it was possible to show that the chaotic systems are characterized not only for being non-linear and showing sensitive dependence on the initial conditions, but also for having a deterministic dynamics.
Construção automática de grafo de conhecimento no domínio do e-commerce
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Barbirato, João Gabriel Melo; Caseli, Helena de Medeiros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7014175217181346
Extracting knowledge efficiently, when large volumes of data are generated daily, is still a challenge. In most cases, these data are unstructured, that is, they are presented in textual or visual format without a clear delimitation of the information they contain and the relationships between this information. Thus, as important as correctly extracting knowledge is to represent it and store it so that it is useful. One of the ways to represent (store) this knowledge is through knowledge graphs. These structures represent semantic relationships (edges) between entities (vertices), as the semantic relationship is_a between the apple and fruit entities represented by the triple: is_a(apple,fruit). Thus, this work addresses the automatic construction of a knowledge graph for the e-commerce domain, where the vertices of this graph represent products and characteristics, while the edges connecting these vertices are used to describe the relationship between them. Among the challenges that this work faced is having to deal with unstructured, noisy and incomplete data generated by users in the e-commerce domain. Added to this fact are the semantic challenges of the domain, since e-commerce data carry more semantic value because they are real entities that came from very varied categories and contexts. In order to advance in the investigation of methods to deal with such challenges and peculiarities of the e-commerce domain, in this work two graph models were trained for product recommendation: one of them following distributive approach through the RedisGraph tool, and another that explores latent properties of the distributed methods of knowledge graph embeddings. The results show that the latter can contribute to tasks in the e-commerce domain that aim at product diversity.
Produção de grãos e silagem de milho em consórcio com guandu-anão no sistema orgânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Oliveira, Renan Rocha de; Fontanetti, Anastácia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3590390585252031
In Brazil there is a shortage in the supply of protein foods for animal feed in an organic system. The intercropping of maize with pigeon pea can be an alternative to increase the protein content in the silage and serve as a protein source in an organic system.The objective was to evaluate the dry matter productivity (maize and Cajanus cajan L.), maize grain and the chemical-bromatological composition of maize silages intercropped with different densities of C. cajan plants in an organic system. The treatments were five densities of C. cajan in intercropped with maize: (M) 0, (MC6) 6, (MC12) 12, (MC18) 18 and (MC24) 24 C. cajan plants m-1 sown in the same line of corn planting. The number of maize plants was 6 m-1 in all treatments. There was no difference between treatments for plant height, ear height, plant stand and maize grain yield. The highest dry mass production occurred in MC24. The dry mass production of C. cajan did not vary between the densities of 12, 18 and 24 plants. The maize plants showed N and S deficiency, regardless of the treatments. The addition of C. cajanus in the silage up to the percentage of 6.44% did not increase the crude protein content. Regardless of the treatments, the acid detergent fiber values were above those considered ideal for silage.
A mudança da representação da mulher na publicidade da cerveja Antarctica: uma análise semiótica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Silva, Ana Flávia de Almeida; Barros, Mariana Luz Pessoa de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4830505244404566
The term paper sought to analyze and discuss, based on the discursive semiotic theory, two video advertisements produced by the brand Antarctica, one from 2006 and another from 2020. The objective was to cause a reflection about the change in representation of women in commercials for the brand's beer, considering the 14-year difference between the two texts chosen for the corpus and the historical and social changes that are revealed in their speeches. In this work, we analyzed the content plan based on the generative path of meaning, observing separately the fundamental, narrative and discursive levels, as well as the expression plan of each advertisement, to then compare them. The results we obtained showed that the representation of the image of women has changed considerably from the oldest to the most recent advertising, in order to make the woman represented in a more diverse way, no longer seen as just an object or property.
Perspectivas de profissionais de um hospital de retaguarda acerca do Atendimento Pedagógico Hospitalar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Rossini, Maria Gabriella; Pedrino, Mariana Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2217597752295003; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-4050; Gonçalves, Adriana Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3907378784787581; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-2001; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2044696794868735; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4199
As stated in current educational legislation, specialized educational care in the hospital environment aims to ensure the continuity of schooling for individuals who are unable to attend regular school due to hospitalization and illness. Health education becomes an instrument to promote actions that are conducive to the development and learning of curricular and socio-emotional skills of individuals, thus providing unique perspectives during the period of illness. The study was conducted in a Backup Hospital in a large city in the interior of São Paulo, in which the objective was to analyze the perspective of professionals from a Backup Hospital regarding hospital pedagogical care and identify possible roles of teachers in this environment. The methodology consisted of an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study, with the application of a semi-structured interview script and questionnaire. The research was conducted on digital communication platforms due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and from there, four participants were recruited: two healthcare professionals and two area/department coordinators from the backup hospital. The professionals highlighted the importance of the teacher as a member of the multidisciplinary team, thus promoting the teaching and learning of curricular content and skills to hospital patients, in addition to pointing out the participation of the teacher as a training agent in the multidisciplinary team. However, with the favorable support for the educational proposal with hospital patients, one of the ways to carry out this work is to implement a hospital class. One of the viable ways to carry out the pedagogical work would be through a partnership with the São Paulo State Education Board; the financial and human resources provided by public agencies would significantly help to build the hospital class and offer educational services to the patients served. Educational support at the backup hospital can make a significant contribution to the internal community (management, area coordinators, healthcare professionals and other employees) and to patients and their families.
Uso de modelagem da informação para planejamento de gestão e manutenção de infraestrutura urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Soulé, Pedro Veríssimo; Bueno, Cristiane; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2049901634471620; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4677331449960087
The operation and maintenance of urban services must be done properly, so that the urban infrastructure reaches its expected useful life. For this, it is necessary to integrate information from the different actors involved in these services, but this usually does not occur. In addition to the difficulty of scale, as these are large areas, cooperative work for infrastructure networks is very complex, as the responsibility for managing the urban space is shared by several actors, and there is no owner responsible for decision-making. The objective of this work is to investigate and discuss how computational tools with Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and Geographic Information System (GIS) can be used in an integrated way to model urban space information to management infrastructure operation and maintenance. For the development of this research, a computational model of the drainage and sewage networks of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) campus was created, which served as a case study of an urban environment, as an experimental simulation model. The knowledge acquired by the literature review and the development of the model allowed the elaboration of a proposal of modeling protocols that can be adapted and adopted by public agencies and concessionaires that wish to improve their management and maintenance processes from the use of computational tools. These protocols provide a modular approach to dealing with large urban scales, creating independent BIM bases for the administrators of infrastructure networks and a GIS base as a core for compatibility of all these networks. It was possible to conclude that, considering the current state of technological development, the simple BIM-GIS integration does not constitute a City Information Modeling (CIM) platform. Despite this, the BIM-GIS integration proved to be viable and with great potential to generate an effective increase in assertiveness in the decision-making processes of cities.
O ensino de ciências para alunos autistas em tempos de pandemia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Cruz, Isabella Maria Buoro da; Veraszto, Estéfano Vizconde; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6253673132956358; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0731371110464987
The discussion about special education and the inclusion of students with special educational needs in the regular education system has been growing significantly. However, the great challenge goes beyond guaranteeing the enrollment of these children in the system, since it is necessary to ensure that the school is adapted to receive and educate these students, considering the particularities of each individual, so that, in this way, inclusive education is above all Of Quality. Currently in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic scenario, remote teaching has become very present in schools. In this way, in view of the great challenges for the effectiveness of educational inclusion in traditional teaching, the main focus of this research is to discuss the inclusion of autistic students in remote teaching, the difficulties encountered by teachers and the main strategies used in the period of pandemic and social isolation. To meet the objectives, an exploratory research of mixed character was carried out, as quantitative and qualitative approaches were considered to analyze the corpus of data obtained from responses to an online questionnaire. This questionnaire was made available in the virtual environment and with that we obtained a total of 28 responses from teachers in the region of Rio Claro. So that the constituted corpus could be analyzed, qualitative assumptions of Content Analysis and quantitative Statistical Textual Analysis were adopted from the method of Descending Hierarchical Classification. From this research, we were able to analyze how the inclusion of autistic students was made in times of a pandemic, as well as identifying which methodologies were used, which practices were considered successful and which were not very successful. For data analysis, categories were created according to the teachers' answers. We conclude that in general schools sought to adapt to serve autistic students during the pandemic.
Microrganismos do solo agrícola e sua capacidade de atuar na biorremediação de efluentes contaminados com fármacos derivados de acetaminofeno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Dias, Paloma Barros; Montagnolli, Renato Nallin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7455124733755299; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3024876585089539
A new branch of research is gaining prominence in the scientific community; investigate and eliminate organic compounds that emerge in the environment in a chronic form, the so-called emerging contaminants. These micropollutants over time and deposition can generate bioaccumulation if not degraded. One of the main contaminants listed are drugs such as acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, which is the drug most commonly found in Brazilian homes. The literature brings data that report the significant presence of acetaminophen in effluents and with that the search for solutions of degradation of these compounds increased. Bioremediation appears as an option and consists of a technique that uses living organisms such as microorganisms to decontaminate polluted areas. The objective of this work was to identify the ability of the agricultural soil microbiota to degrade acetaminophen in the effluents from its metabolism and for this, the respirometry method was used, which consisted of creating a semi-closed environment where the CO2 released during microbial metabolism is dissolved in a KOH solution which was titrated against HCL and from the conversion equation the value of CO2 produced during biodegradation was obtained. For analysis, samples from the Piracicaba River (Piracicaba/SP) were used, where there is the presence of about 300ng/L-1 of acetaminophen according to the literature. As variables, the different concentrations and the presence and absence of the soil inoculum containing the microorganisms were analyzed. The results point to a significant efficacy in the biodegradation of the drug at a concentration of 10x in the presence of soil inoculum, suggesting that soil microorganisms can act in the bioremediation of these contaminated effluents.
Análise direta de fertilizantes minerais empregando fluorescência de raios-X
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Soares, Melissa Tomaz; Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6863627506038561
The present work aimed to theoretically evaluate the use of x-ray fluorescence in the direct analysis of mineral fertilizers, ensuring effectiveness and quality for the research and development sector, in the laboratory analysis of the development of new fertilizers. Fertilizers, in addition to playing a key role in crop production around the world, provide food, fodder, fiber, and even alternative fuel for the world's population. MAPA (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply) regulates and guides regarding the techniques used for the analysis of raw materials and fertilizers in the agribusiness sector, even so, more and more, new analysis techniques have been developed, such as, the use of x-ray fluorescence. Among the advantages of its use, we highlight the ease of sample preparation, high resolution, multiple measurements of elements within the same sample, in addition to the non-destructive analysis. Therefore, despite the minority use of the XRF technique for fertilizer analysis, the technique proves to be effective and very advantageous, and its use in research centers related to the agricultural environment should be encouraged and explored more and more.
Monteiro Lobato, o "cancelado" de Taubaté: outros significados da denúncia à obra As Caçadas de Pedrinho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Rodrigues, Poliana Rezende Soares; Dinis, Nilson Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9901790534758296; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7869253672228188
The depiction and invisibility of Afro-descendant groups in educational materials is a long-standing debate, including in academic settings. However, after the enactment of Law 10.639/03 and following the National Board of Education (NEB) Legal Advice 15/2010, academic production on ethnic racial issues relating to Children's and Youth Literature increased significantly. Given that censorship stems primarily from the allegations in articles published in the most popular newspapers of the mass media, the general purpose of this study is to inform others about the allegations in Monteiro Lobato’s book “As Caçadas de Pedrinho” and to explain their meaning. We analyzed texts published on the web by Afro-descendants on articles in scientific journals, legal advice NEB 15/2010 and 06/2011, administrative resources under the authorization of legal advice NEB 06/2011 and complaints. As a result, an analysis of the opinions on complaints of the National Education Council's Basic Education Council shows that the passage of the legal opinion in June 2011 represents a retreat in the fight against racial discrimination for the official recognition of non-compliance with Law 10.639 / 03. The procedure is currently awaiting a decision by the Supreme Court of Justice and has been running for 10 years. Analysis of legal documents has shown the impossibility of a coalition of anti-racist struggles with the state. Complaints were a form of social control known as “cancellation”. Analysis of Afro-descendant’s text has shown that freedom of expression is not an issue when rights are violated.
Impacto do tamanho de parcelas na resposta de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar às ferrugens marrom e alaranjada em experimentos de campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Almeida, Lucas Porphirio de; Hoffmann, Hermann Paulo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2564100797227851; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2401091007034821
Among the diseases that cause damage to the sugarcane crop, two of the most important are brown rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia melanocephala, and orange rust, caused by the fungus P. kuehnii. Both affect the leaf blade of plants, reducing their photosynthetic rate, which can lead to large losses if not effectively controlled. The most efficient way to controlling sugarcane rust is through the use of resistant varieties, obtained through research carried out by genetic improvement programs. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of reducing the size of plots on the response of sugarcane genotypes to brown and orange rusts in field experiments. Two experiments were carried out in the city of Macaws, in the State of São Paulo, and the plots of Experiment 1 were composed of two 2.5 m long furrows, while in Experiment 2 they were laid down with a furrow of 2.5 m. To increase inoculum pressure in areas experimental, in both tests the variety SP89-1115, susceptible to orange, was planted as a border and between the blocks, and the variety RB835486, susceptible to brown rust, was planted as an infective line every six furrows. The severity of both diseases was evaluated every 15 days, until stabilization. of symptoms. With the data obtained, the areas below the curves were calculated disease progress and the maximum severity score was determined for each rust in each genotype. The reaction of genotypes to rust was not impacted by reducing the size of experimental plots; so it is convenient to decrease, which will allow the evaluation of more genotypes without increasing the experimental area, as long as the design used in this study was followed.
Avaliação da saúde de maquinário através de seus óleos lubrificantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Almeida, Fernanda Joos; Carneiro, Renato Lajarim; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976
The objective of this work was to evaluate the health of machinery through its respective lubricating oil with a focus on the techniques of Rotary disk electrode optical emission spectroscopy (RDE-OES) and particle counting. To this end, we sought to understand the operation of the techniques and their respective economic impact, as well as how to interpret the data, with emphasis on lubricating oil through literature review. Finally, demonstrating how important the techniques are to determine possible sources of wear and contaminants, which, if performed periodically, leads to a reduction in the possibility of equipment failure and savings in maintenance.
A disponibilidade de diásporos ornitocóricos em uma floresta tropical influencia o consumo desses diásporos tanto por aves frugívoras como por insetos predadores de sementes?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Ramos, Filipe Augusto dos Santos; Martins, Valéria Forni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0686674300788674; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1767545925587861
Most tropical plants have fruits and seeds attractive to birds (ornitochorous diaspores). In addition to diaspore characteristics, plants might attract frugivore birds by fruiting intensively, which in turn might attract seed predator insects (granivores). Pre-dispersal seed predation might decrease diaspore attractiveness to frugivores and thus negatively influence seed dispersal. Because the scientific literature reports different relationships of diaspore consumption by frugivores and by granivores as a function of diaspore availability, here we describe this relationship for three tropical ornitochorous tree species. For this, we used the seed rain collected monthly during a 1-yr period in a 1-ha plot installed at the Lowland Tropical Rainforest in the north coast of the State of São Paulo, SE Brazil. We selected the three most abundant ornitochorous tree species in the seed rain (Euterpe edulis, Hieronyma alchorneoides e Mollinedia schottiana) and checked their diaspores in order to identify if they were intact, if they were consumed by frugivores and/or if they were predated by insects. Then, we determined if there was a relationship of the number of diaspores consumed by frugivores and by granivores with the number of diaspores available in the seed rain throughout the year. We also determined whether frugivores consumed diaspores lacking predation marks in greater proportion than diaspores with marks of predation. The consumption of diaspores by frugivores and by granivores increased with the number of diaspores available, with the exception of predation of E. edulis. Frugivores consumed diaspores lacking predation marks in greater proportion than diaspores with marks of predation. For E. edulis and M. schottiana, the proportion of diaspores with marks of frugivory only was higher than the proportion of diaspores lacking predation marks, indicating that birds, which are especially visually oriented, are able to identify and avoid diaspores predated by insects. For H. alchorneoides, the proportion of diaspores with marks of frugivory only was lower than the proportion of diaspores lacking predation marks, probably due to the very small size of seeds. This indicates that frugivores consume more diaspores lacking predation marks because they are more abundant than diaspores with marks of predation. This study shows the influence of diaspore availability and of granivores in the consumption pattern of diaspores by frugivores.
Efeitos de micropartículas de prata, em diferentes dorfologias, isoladas e em misturas, sobre organismos planctônicos dulcícolas de dois diferentes níveis tróficos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Abreu, Cínthia Bruno de; Dornfeld, Adrislaine da Silva Mansano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0101649577482109; Melão, Maria da Graça Gama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9461621479902208
Currently, particles with silver in their composition have drawn attention for their wide applicability. In particular, the silver tungstate (α-Ag2WO4), which has microbicidal, fungicidal and antitumor activities, is used in photocatalysis processes, sensors, among others. Furthermore, the material can be a source of release of silver ions, whose toxicity to aquatic organisms is widely known. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effects and toxic mechanisms, via multiple endpoints, of α-Ag2WO4, in different morphologies (cubic - C - and rod - R) on two freshwater planktonic species, the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata and the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. For this, acute and chronic toxicity tests were performed with the isolated composites for both species and toxicity tests of mixtures with the cladoceran. The results of ecotoxicity tests with the microalgae indicated that α-Ag2WO4 affected population parameters, such as cell growth; morphological, such as cell complexity; biochemical, such as total carbohydrate composition and chlorophyll a content; and physiological, such as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in parameters measured by Phyto-PAM, such as maximum yield and oxygen evolution complex (OEC). For the species C. silvestrii significant negative effects were observed only in the acute toxicity tests, where both morphologies caused immobility in the organisms when exposed to the composites isolated and in mixture. Regarding the combined exposure of α-Ag2WO4 - C and α-Ag2WO4 - R the reference model of Independent Action (IA) with dose-level dependent (DL) deviation was the best fit to the data, indicating synergism at low concentrations and antagonism at high doses. The negative effects on organisms were probably caused by the availability of silver ions, which are highly toxic. Unlike acute exposure, chronic exposure of α-Ag2WO4 - C and α-Ag2WO4 - R alone did not cause significant reproductive damage to cladocerans. Comparing the toxicity of microcrystals on the two species of organisms tested, it was possible to identify that the cladoceran has a higher sensitivity, to the different morphologies of α-Ag2WO4 (EC50-48h= 0.64 μg L-1 para α-Ag2WO4 – C e EC50-48h= 0.81 μg L-1 para α-Ag2WO4 –R) compared to the microalgae (IC50-96h= 23.47 μg L-1 para α-Ag2WO4 – C e IC50-96h= 13.72 μg L-1 para α-Ag2WO4 – R), which highlights the importance in evaluating more than one trophic level in ecotoxicological studies.
Concepções acerca do tema “Nutrição saudável e sustentável" em livros didáticos no ensino de ciências sob a ótica da pedagogia libertadora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Poranga, Bianca Natália; Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1105353083202764
The theme "healthy and sustainable nutrition" is relevant in society when we investigate the various nuances that cover this multifaceted theme, which can range from an approach more traditionally addressed in the literature, with emphasis on the importance of nutrients for the maintenance of health and life, but which touches on many other aspects, such as the reasons for maintaining the population's hunger, work relations, cultural relations, food distribution policies, agricultural and livestock production, economy and environment. However, the topic is not always treated so comprehensively in science teaching. Textbooks, in turn, carry this problem with them, since they are tools of discourse about the school curriculum, which always brings intentions as it is a product of the historical process of humanity; in the case of Brazil, the curriculum has a colonial origin and the history of the textbook has a neoliberal origin. Thus, science books from the Araribá Mais collection were analyzed according to the liberating pedagogy to verify if they are in accordance with a critical teaching of healthy nutrition. Liberating pedagogy, in turn, conceptualizes critical education based on the unveiling and transformation of the reality experienced by human beings. The methodology used was, therefore, qualitative through documental analysis of textbooks, based on liberating pedagogy as a theoretical source with the categories of analysis: does the content of the books consider the reality of the student? Does the text used include a broad view of the world and society? It is concluded that the books are little aligned with the categories presented, flirting, mainly with a broader view of the world at various times, but with little depth in the issues raised, and with rare mentions of the reality of the student, thus bringing little criticism.
Deconvolução de espectros UV diretamente de soluções de degradação forçada de fármacos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Vianna, Stéphany Gegenheimer Tagarro; Carneiro, Renato Lajarim; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4433443232073398
Forced degradation studies (EDFs) are assays which pharmaceuticals are placed under stress conditions, which include acidic, basic, oxidative, high temperature, photodegradation, humidity and metal ions environments. The tests are performed to validate analytical methods that must be able to quantify active pharmaceutical ingredients (IFA) without interferences from any excipient or degradation product, and also detect the formed degradation products with acceptable resolution. EDFs can also be performed before finalizing the development of the product in order to obtain information on the intrinsic stability of the IFA and on the compatibility with excipients, which helps in the choice of these excipients, type of packaging and shelf life. For the validation of analytical methods, EDFs must promote an IFA degradation between 10% and 30%, according to regulatory agencies. Thus, companies must find the ideal degradation conditions for each product in each stress condition using chromatographic methods, which leads to an overspending of time and resources. Therefore, the present work aimed to directly identify the ideal degradation conditions by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, a simple, fast and low cost method. Allied to chemometric methodologies such as the multivariate resolution of curves (MCR), it was possible to estimate the conditions in which the active degrades within the expected range as well as the spectrum of the degradation products formed. The method was applied to four drugs: Acetylsalicylic Acid, Levocetirizine, Tamsulosin, Ticagrelor and proved to be very promising since it was possible to solve the pure spectral profiles of all the original components in addition to the relative concentration profiles.
Estimador seletivo do conteúdo harmônico de tensão e corrente baseado em rede neural profunda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Bernardino, Luiz Gustavo Reis; Marafão, Fernando Pinhabel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4445980482980663; Nascimento, Claudionor Francisco do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7482480424827756; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6128424394311400
A common issue when non-linear loads are present in electric power distribution systems is voltage and/or current harmonic distortion. This power quality (PQ) problem can be mitigated, but first the harmonic components need to be identified or estimated. The main goal of this work is to develop a method for the selective estimation of amplitudes and phase shifts of the 3, 5, 7 and 9 harmonics from quarter-cycle samples of unknown waveforms, based on deep neural networks (DNN). A sample set of quarter-cycle current waveforms was generated for DNN training, validation and testing. An grid search for parameters was used together with cross validation to define the configuration of the computational model, which resulted in the DNN configuration used in this work. Other regression methods were compared to DNN to justify its use, showing that the neural network method is capable of achieving lower errors in relation to the other methods tested. Test results show that it is possible to achieve total harmonic distortion (THD) attenuation by means of an ideal active power filter (APF). This APF receives the reference current generated through the amplitudes and phase angles estimated by the proposed DNN. An THD attenuation was achieved from 18.54% to 0.81% in the case study carried out with ideal APF. The method validation took place through computer simulations that demonstrated the ability to selectively estimate harmonics through a current signal with a quarter-cycle sampling. The main contribution of this work is the proposal of a selective harmonic estimation method that can be used, for example, in an APF, for harmonic distortion attenuation, or in PQ monitoring and control applications.
Análise do teor de minerais de grão verde, torrado, borra e bebida de cafés cultivados em sistema orgânico e organomineral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Reis, Wagner José Villela dos; Verruma-Bernardi, Marta Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9289354988244429
Coffee's main attribute for determining marketing and price is quality. Minerals interfere with coffee quality through plant metabolism and accumulation of desirable chemical compounds related to aroma, flavor, and production of compounds that disfavor the microbial development of the beans. The objective of this work is to quantify the mineral content in coffees grown in organic and organomineral management systems. The amounts of minerals were analyzed in samples of green beans, roasted beans, lees and beverage, from coffees of the Catuaí Vermelho variety grown in both management systems in the municipality of Poço Fundo, MG. The organic plot received fertilization composed of bone meal, castor bean pie in a consortium with green manure. The organomineral plot received organomineral fertilization. For the grains, there was a significant difference in the phosphorus content between green and roasted grains and between the management systems, with higher values being found in roasted and organic grains. For sludge and beverage, there was no significant difference between the management systems for any mineral. For comparisons between all types of samples, it was found that smaller amounts of minerals are found in the drink compared to other types of samples.
Implementação de sistema nebuloso (“fuzzy”) para controle de oxigênio dissolvido no cultivo de Escherichia coli para expressão de proteínas recombinantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-04-27) Akisue, Rafael Akira; Sousa Júnior, Ruy de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7598650317307294
Due to low oxygen solubility in water and mechanical limitations of a bioreactor, ensuring an adequate dissolved oxygen supply during a recombinant Escherichia coli cultivation is a major challenge in process control. In light of these facts, a fuzzy dissolved oxygen controller was developed based on a decision tree strategy (presented in the literature) and implemented in the cell culture supervision and monitoring system (SUPERSYS_HCDC). The algorithm was coded in MATLAB and the membership function parameters were optimized by the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System tool. The fuzzy controller was composed of tree independent fuzzy inference systems: Princ1, Princ2 – that determined if there would be and increase or a reduction in air and oxygen flow rates (respectively) – and Delta system, that estimated the size of those variations. E. coli cultivation data previously controlled by the decision tree were employed in the training process of the three fuzzy inference systems. After the training process, the first tests with the fuzzy controller consisted of simulations using neural network models of the process (mimicking E. coli cultivation conditions). Results showed that the fuzzification process of the decision tree was successful, resulting in smoother changes in air and oxygen flow rates comparing with those provided by the previous controller (decision tree). In all simulations the dissolved oxygen concentration mean was kept close to its setpoint value of 30% with an attenuation of dissolved oxygen peaks. In order to prove the viability of the fuzzy controller, the initial tests consisted of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (commercial yeast) and E. coli (PspA4PRO strain) cultures, partially supervised by the fuzzy controller. Both cultivations we carried out in a 5 L, in-house, bioreactor and supervised by the SUPERSYS_HCDC software. On average, for the E. coli cultures, the dissolved oxygen concentration was kept close to 30% and its standard deviation was lower than 6%, pointing towards a softening of the peaks observed in the controlled variable. For the robustness tests the optimized fuzzy controller was put in charge of dissolved oxygen control for the entire E. coli cultivation period. The cultivations were carried out without the induction phase and with different induction periods (using IPTG as the inductor). For the non-induced culture, the final cell mass concentration obtained was 27,50 gdry cell weight /L in 13 hours of cultivation. On average, the fuzzy controller kept the dissolved oxygen concentration at about 30,5% with a standard deviation of 6,30%. The attenuation of air and oxygen flow rates steps resulted in a smoother dissolved oxygen profile. For the high cell density cultivation followed by 4.5 hours of induction phase, the maximum cell mass concentration obtained was 35,00 gdry cell weight /L in 16 hours of cultivation. On average, the dissolved oxygen concentration was kept at about 29,80% with a standard deviation of 5,52%. The results presented in this thesis attest not only an increase in flowmeters lifespan (due to their sensibility of abrupt oscillation in the manipulated variables), but also point towards a possible reduction in the metabolic stress suffer by the E. coli (due to its sensitivity to fluctuation in dissolved oxygen concentration). Fuzzy logic has proven successful for controlling dissolved oxygen concentration in bioreactors, an area that lacks new solution to complex problems.