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Incorporação orgânica da educação a distância nas universidades públicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-17)
Veloso, Braian Garrito
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Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2537302046587655
Distance Education (DE) has been growing dramatically, being also driven by the experiences lived during the pandemic period, namely in what is conventionally called emergency remote teaching - or similar nomenclatures. In Brazilian public universities, the modality has grown predominantly through the Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB) System. That said, the general objective of this thesis was to analyze how public universities (state and federal), operating within the UAB System, have organized themselves in order to organically incorporate DE into their institutional practices. As for the methodology, methodological triangulation was used in the light of qualitative and quantitative approaches. In addition, the investigation had, as an epistemological matrix, the Weberian comprehensive sociology. Regarding the methodological procedures, the research was divided into two main moments, the first being carried out in Brazil and the second in Portugal. The first moment had the following steps: survey and bibliographic study; document analysis; Delphi technique; virtual questionnaire; focus groups and; semi-structured interview. The second moment, carried out in the delegation of the city of Porto of the Universidade Aberta de Portugal, included: bibliographic study and document analyses; on-site visits; semi-structured interview and; monitoring of training activities in the Azores. As a result, the thesis shows that the UAB System generated a standardization in distance courses, despite some specificities that concern the proposals of each institution. As a rule, constituting DE management centers to centralize practices in the modality. Teaching, on the other hand, relies on the division of labor and receiving scholarships to work. In learning, it is clear that the UAB System has a central-pole model, in addition to the use of the Moodle virtual environment. Thinking about the institutionalization process, some important advances were made, such as the inclusion of the modality in normative documents, constitution of a management center with autonomy in its functions, students with some opportunities and rights equivalent to those of face-to-face education, etc. But these steps were not climbed without challenges. The word “struggle” frequently appears in the speeches of the subjects participating in the study. Starting from this, we arrive at the interpretation that understands the phenomenon of institutionalization as essentially dialectical, that is, involved in institutional conflicts that move the process. In order to advance in the incorporation of DE, we argue that it is necessary to overcome what we call, in the thesis, the institutionalization of precariousness. Therefore, through the speeches and experiences of the research participants, we proposed reflections on strategies aimed at organic incorporation. It becomes important, therefore, to act in the light of the dimensions: bureaucracy, confluence between modalities, experience and organizational culture. At the end of the thesis, we present the data collected at the Open University of Portugal, defining the public DE model in that country and comparing it, as much as possible, with the Brazilian reality. We identified some approximations, but also distances. When it comes to institutionalization, the main difference concerns the eminently endogenous character, in Brazil, and exogenous, in Portugal. To end the analysis, we present hybrid education as a historical trend that will be – and is being – built at a junction between subjective and material aspects in both countries.
Estudos integrados para interpretação da dinâmica hídrica em ambientes florestais amazônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-17)
Lima, Jeferson Alberto de
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Tonello, Kelly Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3187724457350660
The forest acts directly in the interception and redistribution of rainwater, influencing the conduction of rain to the surface of the soil, helping to maintain moisture within the forest, regulating water flows and contributing to the maintenance of water quality and availability. Even though water is an essential resource for maintaining life on our planet, care for water maintenance in many regions does’t reflect its importance and essentiality. In the Amazon Rainforest region, the exuberant forest suffers from predatory exploration, which causes changes in its functionality, influencing the maintenance of environmental services and ecohydrological processes. Understanding and quantifying the influence of the forest on the water dynamics in Amazonian forest environments are fundamental for proposing alternatives that contribute to the maintenance and functionality of this biome. This thesis aimed to develop an integrated study to interpret the water dynamics and understand the effects of the exploratory activity of a Sustainable Forest Management Plan on the hydrological processes in Amazonian forest environments in an area of public native forest under forest concession in the Jamari National Forest (Flona do Jamari), state of Rondonia, Brazil. The study was carried out in the Jamari National Forest (Flona do Jamari), Rondônia, Western Brazilian Amazon where the predominant vegetation is of the Open Ombrophilous Forest type, and the climate is of the Aw-Tropical Wet type, hot and humid with two distinct periods: wet (October to April) and dry (May to September). Two areas were selected: one with preserved forest (AN) and the other logged (AE). In the selected areas, 3 plots (P1, P2 and P3) measuring 20 m x 20 m were installed and monitored monthly between October/2019 and October/2020 to obtain the necessary information to characterize the structure of the vegetation, the distribution of rainwater, the accumulated burlap stock, and interpret the behavior of the main soil physical attributes. The results of this study point out that the dynamics of rainwater distribution behavior over the monitoring period was similar among the areas, reflecting the high temporal and spatial variability, as well as the seasonality of the region. The internal precipitation (Pi) was the variable that most influenced the effective precipitation (Pe) presenting higher average than the open precipitation (Pa) in most months of monitoring for the natural area (AN). The hydrological variable Et was the only one that showed statistically significant difference between the areas, which may be related to the difference in the density of individuals observed. The dynamics of accumulation of burlap and its fractions was similar between the areas, and the accumulation was strongly related to the seasonality of the region. The water retention capacity (CRH) of the burlap fractions contributed effectively to the CRH of the total burlap stock, which showed higher rates than the effective water retention capacity of the burlap (ERH). The hydrological behavior of the soils of the evaluated areas was influenced by the characteristics of the vegetation structure, hydrological variables, and variations in soil physical properties over the monitoring period. The research helped to understand the hydrological process of the understory in the forest areas, and according to the data from this study, it’s possible to conclude that the forest exploration activities made by the Sustainable Forest Management Plan affected the hydrological behavior in the explored area.
Concreto com agregado reciclado reforçado com fibras de aço: revisão da literatura e avaliação de modelos analíticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-18)
Gazoni, Murilo Henn
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Milani, Margot Fabiana Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9324192204449423
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Nardin, Silvana de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5587716781980132
The development of new concrete technologies has accelerated in recent years, combining performance and demand for sustainability. Therefore, the development of a steel fiber reinforced concrete and produced with replacement of the natural coarse aggregate by recycled aggregate is perfectly suited to this context. Due to the more porous nature and crushing process that originates the recycled aggregate, the use of steel fibers in the mixture mitigates the negative effects due to the presence of recycled aggregate in concrete, creating the steel fiber reinforced recycled concrete. Considering that discussions about this type of concrete are a relatively new field, the fundamental objective of this study was to describe the current knowledge on the subject, providing an overview of its mechanical behavior, contemplating the effects of recycled aggregate and fibers on workability and concrete strength. A systematic review on recycled concrete reinforced with steel fibers was carried out; studies about the use of recycled aggregate, steel fibers and evaluated the resistant behavior of concrete were selected. Once the references that fit the scope of this study were selected, the main findings on the influence of recycled aggregate combined with steel fiber on the compressive and tensile strength of concrete, modulus of elasticity and workability of recycled concrete reinforced with steel fibers were presented and discussed. The presence of recycled aggregate causes a reduction in the compressive strength and elasticity modulus of concrete; for substitutions above 50% the effects are more pronounced. Also, the incorporation of steel fibers promotes a reduction in the workability of the mixture, a significant increase in the tensile strength and, indirectly, an increase in the compressive strength of the concrete. Mineral additions and self-compacting concretes were also beneficial for increasing compressive strength and improving concrete workability, respectively. The systematic review also revealed that analytical models for predicting the mechanical properties of this concrete are based on the strength of the reference concrete, volume of recycled aggregate and volume of steel fibers incorporated into the mixture. The models found allowed estimating the compressive and tensile strength as well as the elastic modulus of steel fiber reinforced recycled concrete. The predicted values were compared to values available in the literature. The predicted compressive strength was in agreement correlation with the experimental values, while the tensile strength was overestimated by analytical model.
Desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta móvel para auxílio na gestão de resíduos de construção civil em canteiros de obra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-20)
Cordeiro, Ana Regina Jafra
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Marques Neto, José da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2392932422695163
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4172281845423481
A recurring problem in the construction market is the impact caused by civil construction waste (RCC) since they present themselves in different ways, which can be environmental, social, sanitary, visual, and economic. Among many factors that corroborate this situation, the most critical is the need for planning and more efficient management, with correct and more accessible information. In this way, this work proposes to develop a new tool that helps the management of civil construction waste, through the development of a new technology that promotes the proper and more efficient destination of these materials. Therefore, the Management Plans required by the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) and the definitions established in CONAMA Resolution n°307/2002 were used as a basis for instrumentation, proposing interventions that promote reduction, reuse and recycling of these solid wastes. These measures were defined from the literature review, document analysis and quantitative and qualitative research of current projects. With this, the main deficiencies in construction waste management projects were identified, which showed the need to have greater access and greater control of management information, as well as the possibilities of using this waste that avoiding its disposal. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop an application that works as a mobile tool capable of diagnosing the generation of civil construction waste at construction sites and analyzing the recycling potential, in addition to the adequate destination of this material, promoting the instruction of the professional responsible for the disposal of RCC for the most correct way to dispose of them. Thus, the Application ReciclaObra proved to be efficient for its purpose of assisting in the management of construction waste in construction sites. Moreover, the tool showed to be able to expand the accessibility of professionals to the inserted content, being this information about civil construction waste, how to perform proper segregation, the best form of storage and sorting, the possible disposals, how to perform the disposal correctly, in addition to following and elaborating the Waste Management Plan, all of this in an easy and practical way.
“How do you see your life now?” a photo-elicitation study focused on depression and social skills in adolescence
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-23)
Trombeta, Gabriela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5875147172625110
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-1239
Previous studies have reported associations between low levels of social skills and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Although substantial quantitative research has been carried out on this association, there have been few qualitative investigations into this topic. This study explores the association of depression symptoms and social skills repertoires in adolescence qualitatively, using photo-elicitation. Eight Brazilian adolescents were divided into two groups considering the presence or absence of depression symptoms, gender and socio-economic conditions. Participants were asked to take six pictures regarding a specific question. Individual interviews about their images were conducted. Visual and textual data were analysed using Thematic Analysis and four guidance questions. Socially skilled behaviours were associated with adolescents' perceived support and considered a protective factor for depression during stressful life events. Relationships with parents and new school colleagues were the primary sources of social skills challenges. Parents’ lack of social skills seemed to be associated with adolescents’ low social skills repertories. Hobbies were found to facilitate adolescents’ engagement in social interactions. The study extends our knowledge of how adolescents experience the association of depression and social skills in their daily lives, contributing to inform adolescents' and parents' social skills training focused on decreasing adolescents’ depression symptoms. Limitations and implications for practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Tirando máscaras: considerações sobre vontade de saber e vontade de verdade em Foucault
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-23)
Nascimento, Gláucia Silva do
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Stival, Monica Loyola
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0624149613819754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2541737522124926
Cette recherche porte sur une investigation des concepts de volonté de savoir et de volonté de vérité chez Foucault, dans ses études du début des années 70. La volonté de savoir prend différentes formes, si l'on observe différents moments historiques. En philosophie, Foucault l'identifie à partir de modèles; il développe ainsi un modèle aristotélicien, et, d'autre part, nous présente le modèle nietzschéen de la volonté de savoir. Dans le premier, nous avons une implication entre le désir de savoir, la connaissance et la vérité qui reposent sur un sujet de connaissance ; dans le second, on a une dé-simplification de ces instances, une « tentative de libérer le désir de savoir de la forme et de la loi de la connaissance » (FOUCAULT, 2014, p. 23). De tels modèles constituent une première approximation de cette volonté. Pour faire une « morphologie de la volonté de savoir », Foucault (2014, p. 178), parcourt d'autres champs du savoir à la recherche d'exemples dans les pratiques judiciaires, dans celles-ci, il repère une volonté de savoir « anonyme, polymorphe » qui s'éleve à une volonté de vérité; volonté qui cherche la vérité. On voit apparaître ce type de volonté lorsqu'il analyse les rapports entre savoir et pouvoir dans la société grecque. Nous comprenons que Foucault exploite un cadre conceptuel qui implique les thèmes: de la vérité, de la connaissance, du savoir, du pouvoir et du discours, dans cette période. Dans le développement de cette thèse, nous avons exploré ce cadre. L'élément de vérité acquiert une importance particulière le long de cette voie, car il permet la formation de systèmes d'exclusion; Dans l'analyse de la vérité, le recours à Nietzsche permet à Foucault d'effectuer un double déplacement : démembrer la vérité du savoir, et la volonté de vérité, pour construire une histoire de la volonté de savoir et de la vérité à partir d'un autre fondement, qui n'a plus le sujet par référence ou volonté par faculté.
Xylella fastidiosa em oliveiras (Olea europaea): distribuição na planta, transmissão vertical e diagnose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-23)
Santos, Beatriz de Nadai Gasparini
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Coletta-Filho, Helvécio Della
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8783964270386788
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9382277239881678
As consequence of the recent occurrence of the disease known as Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS), caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xf-p), in olive trees (Olea europaea) there is a lack of scientific information about the biology of this pathogen in olive trees that can help to understand this pathogen and support discussions about management strategies. From these numerous gaps in the practical knowledge of this pathogen, this work has as objectives: 1. to evaluate the occurrence of vertical transmission of the bacterium; 2. to determine the distribution of Xf-p in plants with different degrees of severity; and 3. to establish a low-cost diagnostic method with the possibility of execution "in farm". Olive branches taken from an asymptomatic plant, but infected with Xf-p, were propagated in a greenhouse and the resulting seedlings were analyzed for the presence of the pathogen by real-time quantitative PCR (q-PCR). The estimated vertical transmission rate at 32 months was 57.74% (41 of 71 nursery plants) and only one plant of the 28 Xf-p-infected (0.014%) showed symptoms of OQDS. To achieve the second objective, samples from 3 plants of the cultivar 'Grapollo' showing low OQDS severity (only one branch with symptoms) and one with symptoms generalized throughout the canopy (high severity) were collected at different positions in the canopy and root system and analyzed for the presence of Xf-p by qPCR. Even under conditions of low ORDS severity positive diagnoses for Xf-p were obtained between 30% and 57% of the samples collected on asymptomatic branches, while on symptomatic branches 77% of the samples were positive. On the other hand, in plants with high incidence of OQDS 82 to 100% of samples were positive. Finally, the diagnostic method based on printing of branch extracts on nitrocellulose membranes and identification of Xf-p by serology (Tissue-Print: TP - objective 3) showed promise, but with needs for improvement since the agreement of the results between TP and qPCR techniques was only slightly partial (K = 0.01 to 0.20) according to the Cohen-Kappa index.
O processo decisório legislativo e o preceito constitucional de igualdade: uma análise da atuação da Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária (FPA) na concepção da política fundiária brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-24)
Graciano, Monyele Camargo
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Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4850029029622463
This research refers to the analysis of the way in which a legislative framework can guarantee or distort the application of the constitutional principle of equality between individuals during the legislative decision-making process. The 1988 constitutional text contemplates the rights and guarantees that promote the well-being of all, without distinction of origin, race, sex, color, age. In turn, the political participation of minority groups still does not represent the structural reality of Brazilian society, thus, in this research, a verification of this scenario in an approach to the formulation of Brazilian land policy, resulting from the legal process and, historically permeated by the predilections of a rural elite, which in 2008 was consolidated in the Agricultural Parliamentary Front (FPA), to the detriment of the interests of others involved. Thus, the objective of this research was to verify how the legislative institutional framework can guarantee or distort the application of the constitutional principle of equality between individuals in the course of their decision-making process, taking into account the performance of interest groups. In this sense, the methodology was based on the investigation of the following categories of analysis: i) the structure of the land policy legislative process, based on the proceedings in the National Congress; ii) legislative proposals that dealt with rural land policy between 2008 and 2018, under the interests of the Agricultural Parliamentary Front (FPA); iii) the role of FPA members in the land policy decision-making process. From these analyses, it was possible to understand to what extent the FPA manages to foster conditions that enable the success of its demands through the legislative institutional arrangement, acting in the defense of sectoral interests and in strategic positions in the decision-making process of land policy aiming to promote the defense of rural interests to the detriment of the other beneficiaries of such a policy.
Discurso Presidencial e Gênero: análise das mensagens dos presidentes Lula e Dilma ao Congresso Nacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-24)
Valadares, Raquel Gomes
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Oliveira, Lucy
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4691243814521369
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2556-8730
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3507966223564721
This work aims investigate how emphasis and positioning regarding the topic of gender modify by comparing two different gender presidents: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff. Both are part of the same party – the Workers' Party – which would indicate a continuity of emphasis on agendas and priorities between governments that followed each other and had as a legacy significant advances around policies for minorities. The question that guided the research was: would women place more emphasis on women's (gender) issues when they occupy spaces of power? Thus, analyzing the existence of a rupture in thinking and political positioning between the two presidents was essential in investigating whether the difference in gender roles becomes an element that influences the elaboration of a compatible presidential communicative agenda. To carry out this work, a content analysis (BARDIN, 2009) (KRIPPENDORFF, 1997) of the presidents' messages between the years 2003 and 2016 was carried out, based on lexicometry, using the IRAMUTEQ software. The results showed a greater presence of terms related to gender and policies for women in President Dilma's speeches, pointing to the importance of presence in decision-making and power spaces for modulating the thematic emphases of governments in their communications.
Traços de mordidas em osso de dinossauro da Formação São José do Rio Preto, Bacia Bauru, Cretáceo Superior, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-24)
Reis, Ludimilla Fernanda dos Santos
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Ghilardi, Aline Marcele
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5761534317977568
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Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592
By studying fossil bite traces, we can reconstruct the behaviour of extinct organisms and better understand past communities, ecology, and ecosystems. Herein we analyse bite traces on a fragmented sauropod rib from the Upper Cretaceous of the Bauru Basin, southeastern Brazil. The fossil was collected in the Ibirá municipality region, São Paulo State, in the strata of the São José do Rio Preto Formation (Santonian-? Maastrichtian). The analysed specimen displays nine tooth drag traces on its external surface, produced between six and seven biting events. The traces consist of shallow linear grooves, with tapered ends and a serrated or smooth edge morphology. They can be classified as Linichnus serratus, Linichnus bromleyi, and Knethichnus parallelum and were produced by an organism with ziphodont dentition, most probably an Abelisauridae. These are the first feeding traces evidences the interaction between theropods and Titanosauriformes in this geological context. This work adds to the knowledge of the Bauru Basin palaeoecology and palaeobiology and expands the record of Mordichnia of Gondwana
Síntese hidrotérmica aquecida por micro-ondas e caracterização por raios X baseada em síncrotron operando de nanopartículas de LiMn2O4 enriquecidas com Li e dopadas com Al, Co ou Ni para aplicação em baterias de íons lítio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-24)
Falqueto, Juliana Bruneli
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Bocchi, Nerilso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5930614700886481
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4121172667823749
A facile, fast and efficient microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MWH) route was used to synthetize undoped and doped spinels with Al or Co or Ni. The reaction was carried at low temperature of 140 °C for 5 min in an MWH reactor from aqueous solution of KMnO4, LiOH, acetone (Li/Mn = 1.2; acetone/Mn = 1.1) and the nitrate of the respective cationic dopant. The obtained material was then added in the same reactor with an aqueous solution of LiOH and submitted to a new MWH treatment at the same temperature of 140 °C for 10 min. Finally, a heat treatment in a conventional microwave oven for 4 min was carried out. Three different mol proportions of the dopants (M/Mn = 0.075, 0.025 and 0.010; M = cationic dopant) and two orders of reagents addition using a given proportion were investigated in the syntheses. The best condition was achieved when the precursor of the doping cation was dissolved in acetone using the lowest mol proportion of the reagents. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the undoped and doped spinels (Al, Co or Ni) were all similar with highly crystalline diffraction peaks corresponding to the cubic spinel with space group Fd3 ̅m (ICSD-88644). The presence of other phases associate with the dopants and their impact on the crystallization were not detected. All synthetized materials presented a significant amount of potassium birnessite identified by XRD and calculated by Rietveld refinement. The chemical compositions were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), resulting in Li1.24K0.05Mn1.92O4.00, Li1.46K0.06Al0.04Mn1.85O4.00, Li1.39K0.07Co0.02Mn1.85O4.00 and Li1.30K0.10Ni0.02Mn1.87O4.00. From the results of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), it can be inferred that nanoparticles were obtained. Beside this, no significant changes were observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), indicating that the low doping with Al, Co or Ni (less than 2.5%) had no effect on the surface morphology of the spinels synthesized by MWH. Afterward, a systematic study to understand in-depth the capacity fading mechanism of LMO nanoparticles when cycled in half cell in two different potential ranges: 3.3 – 4.3 V vs. Li+/Li and 2.0 – 4.3 V vs. Li+/Li was carried out. In the first range, the nanocrystallinity and cationic doping played an important role in improving the electrochemical performance with respect to LMO microparticles. They significantly reduced the charge-transfer resistance, lowered the 1st cycle irreversible capacity to 6%, and achieved a capacity retention between 85 and 90% after 380 cycles with excellent columbic efficiency close to 99% without compromising the specific charge at a high cycling rate of 5C. From X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements, the values of oxidation state of Co and Ni in as-synthesized spinels were found to be ~2.7+ and ~2.0+, respectively. They did not change upon cycling neither in the bulk nor on the surface, implying that Co and Ni did not contribute for the charge compensation and specific capacity. The fitting of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) indicated that Co and Ni are in the structure of the spinels due to the shorter metal-metal distances than those of the respective standard oxides. Rietveld refinements results confirmed that Li-rich spinels were obtained with part of the Li substituting the Mn into the structure and breaking the symmetry. In the potential range of 2.0 V – 4.3 V vs. Li+/Li, the electrodes of undoped nano-sized and micron-sized spinels presented similar initial values of specific capacity of around 200 mA h g–1 (1C = 296 mA h g–1) at a C/20 rate. The best electrochemical performance was achieved for the nano-sized undoped LiMO with a specific capacity of 201 mA h g–1, 53.5% of capacity retention and 99% of coulombic efficiency after the 55th cycle at a C/20 rate. Results from operando XAS indicated that it is easier to intercalate Li+ ions into the structure of the nano-sized than into the micro-sized spinel which corroborates with its better electrochemical performance. As far as we know, the spectroscopic signature of the Jahn-Teller distortion around Mn3+ in the LMO was obtained for the first time in the present work. Using the proposed cycling program, it was possible to obtain a superior electrochemical performance for the electrode of undoped Li-rich nano-sized LMO. This electrode exhibited excellent cyclability with a capacity retention of 101.5% in the potential range of 3.3 to 4.3 V vs. Li+/Li at a C/5 rate.
Matriz de riscos nos contratos de concessões rodoviárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-25)
Santos, Alexandre Silva
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Albuquerque, Andrei Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9667573506903226
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1648325944980197
The public service of national infrastructure, from the mid-1990s, began to be provided jointly to the private sector through contracts through the bidding law. From 1995 onwards, with the enactment of the concession law, the State sought private partners to carry out these services, assuming all the risk of the enterprise and public works within a certain period. The objective of this research is to identify and compare the allocation of contractual risks in a risk matrix in the Federal and Paulista Highway Concessions from 2009 to 2020. This research investigated 16 concession contracts, 8 federal and 8 state, corresponding to the period from 2009 to 2020. 2020, with textual analysis of risk allocations between the Grantor and Concessionaire, in order to describe relationships of differences and similarities between contracts. During these periods, the dimensions of the highways, contracted values, economics and political aspects of the federal and state governments were disregarded. Contracts were consulted by the portals of the federal and state transport regulatory agencies, and the contractual clauses were listed in the construction of a risk matrix that was paired and compared by reading and analyzing the convergences and divergences regarding the normative isomorphic aspect and based on the differentiation of the highways in the State of São Paulo due to the quality of its highways, which is among the 10 best in the country. The results found are a convergence of 57% of the contractual clauses, with occasional divergences in the amount of 19% in federal contracts with exclusive clauses; and 17% in the states. It was observed that the contracts seek a trend in relation to contracts in São Paulo, but some aspects diverge in relation to the quality of services. The contribution of this research lies in the practical application of the concepts of the new public governance such as: networking, new actors, accountability, accountability, transparency and accountability. More specifically, the risk matrix as a management tool can contribute to the effective use of resources, mapping contractual risks. This research highlights the convergences in the observation of risks of contracts drawn up by the federation and the State of São Paulo, allowing other entities of the federation to evaluate them in similar contracts.
CuOx-RHO aplicados para conversão de metano em metanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-25)
Silva, Amanda Ferreira Santos da
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Dulnee, Siriwan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1526348317210690
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
The direct oxidation of methane (CH4) into higher value-added products, such as methanol, has recently gained tremendous interest. The challenge is an over-oxidation of methanol to CO2 and water due to the difficulty in activating methane through C-H bond breaking. Thus, this research attempted to develop an active Cu-exchange RHO catalyst for a selective methane oxidation-to-methanol reaction. In this study, the RHO zeolite was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment using two different methods with and without an organic template (18-crown-6) compound for zeolite. By using the organic template, it is found that the crystalline Na,Cs-RHO were obtained after 2-day synthesis. The crystallinity of Na,CsRHO increases with synthesis time. In contrast, without an organic template, the crystalline Na,Cs-RHO was formed only after 8-d synthesis. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and nitrogen physisorption, and were catalytically activity tested at several conditions. Among all Na,Cs-RHO samples prepared in this work, our preliminary results showed that a high crystallinity of Na.Cs-RHO synthesized for 8 days is suitable for preparing Cu-exchanged RHO. However, the highest methanol yield obtained from Cu,Na,Cs-RHO-8d is only about 16 μmol of CH3OH/g of catalyst. This could be possibly due to the presence of strong-interacted Cs ions in RHO’s pore leading to a limitation of active Cu species formed. This work further attempted to eliminate Cs and Na by ion exchanging with NH4+ ions prior to Cu ion exchanging, while the phase transformation of zeolite was observed. Still, more investigations must be carried out to develop the highly active Cu-exchanged RHO.
Integração entre a robótica educacional e a abordagem steam: identificação da área de oportunidade e desenvolvimento de protótipos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-25)
Castelli Fernandes, Nidia Mara Melchiades
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Zanon, Dulcimeire Aparecida Volante
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1811225448261362
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1017577953300633
It is totally necessary to introduce Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) as a didactic resource in classrooms to face the challenges of Society nowadays. One of the technologies that has been used is Educational Robotics (ER) which, because of its characteristics, includes motivating didactic-pedagogical conditions and provides active learning. ER involves building, programming and manipulating robotic platforms. Its potential can be increased when associated to STEAM, based on investigative projects that starts from real problems and contextualized and interdisciplinary contents, where students propose a viable solution prototype. In this case, the following research question was established: How to identify areas of opportunity or themes that aim to integrate ER and the STEAM, in order to support the development of prototypes by students from Integrated Technical Education to High School? The identification of the areas and opportunities that can become the main theme for the study of the STEAM project, based on the competences developed in a curriculum, consisted in three stages: survey of the themes; classification of themes; achievement of Opportunity Areas (topics to be worked on the STEAM project) from Connection Maps. Were identified twelve Opportunity Areas, among which was chosen one of them, entitled Social Responsibility and Sustainability. After the selection, there was the development of the STEAM projects, by the students of a 1st grade of the Informatic to internet-Etim, course of an Etec in the interior of São Paulo State, belonging to the Paula Souza Center (CPS), containing five moments: 1st) Guiding question connected to a real problem; 2nd) Understanding the problem. What do we know about this subject? And, what do not we know? Polling; 3rd) Motivational texts and lectures for discussion and recording of ideas considered important by the groups; 4th) Product: development of a prototype as a proposal to solve the problem using the ER; 5th) Socialization and evaluation of prototypes. The analyzes indicate that there were advances in the knowledge learned by the students, as well as their intellectual (creativity, curiosity, reasoning, argumentation, decision-making, problem solving) and social (interaction, communication, collaboration and active listening) development.
Dimensionamento do conjunto manga de eixo, ponta de eixo e cubo de roda de um veículo Baja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-26)
Costa, Cleber Roberto
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Moreno, Mariano Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1307496862518321
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0354719121948600
The suspension of a Baja SAE vehicle is highly demanded in competitions, due to the terrain characteristics, and can show constant failures, if badly designed. Besides, the dynamics of the car are directly linked with its own mass. Therefore, a precise dimensioning of the components will represent, not just a raise in reliability, but also in performance. With the dissemination of finite element analysis software, the dimensioning of parts with complex geometries, such as the knuckle gets much easier. However, the usage of these software by users that do not have the proper knowledge to perform a structural finite element analysis is becoming very common. It is a recurrent problem in the SAE competitions recently, also affecting the Baja UFSCar team. This work intends to design a group of components that compose part of the front suspension system of a Baja SAE vehicle, the knuckle, the hub, and the stub axle. The basis of the project will be a load history provided by a simulation made in a Python algorithm. After a revision of all the theory regarding the phenomenons involved, the dimensioning of the parts have been made with the help of a CAE software, which led to a mass reduction between 19% and 30%, of the worked components, considering a finite life of 60 hours, which is enough for four competitions, considering tests, or the life cycle of the vehicle.
Parametrização de ligantes em Co(salen) aplicados na despolimerização de ligninas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-26)
Costa, Mateus Oliveira
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Ferreira, Marco Antonio Barbosa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6874055640224407
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7899790817486672
Since the industrial revolution, fossil sources such as oil, natural gas or coal have become indispensable resources for human development with a variety of uses: from energy generation to drugs production and household items. Nowadays, we possess large reserves of these sources but they are not renewable and studies indicate few decades to run out of them. The use of renewable and non-toxic sources, as biomass, provides an interesting alternative for this dependence on oil and similar. Obtaining fine chemical products from lignin is an interesting alternative for the valorization of biomass, but to achieve it in an efficient, cheap and chemically sustainable way is a challenge. In the present work, we investigate oxidation reactions of lignin models catalyzed by Co(salen) complexes trying to understand which parameters influence the reaction efficiency. Therefore, we used data from the literature to create a statistical model that guided us to the synthesis of catalysts further used in this kind of chemistry, which were evaluated by means of conversion and yield. The reactions performed with the lignin models were parameterized, giving us information about the influences on steric and electronic properties the catalyst ligands must have to maximize the catalytic efficiency.
Contribuições da psicologia histórico-cultural para o processo grupal com usuários com esquizofrenia nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-26)
Piza, Helen da Costa Toledo
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Schühli, Vitor Marcel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2603826111657811
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Bellenzani, Renata
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5545222663436009
The intent of this research was to investigate and systematize theoretical-practical contributions capable of adding up to a greater range of group activities at Psychosocial Care Centers – known in Brazil as CAPS - particularly to assist, along people with schizophrenia, the reorganization of personality through new mediations for reconstitution of the psychological system. This is a theoretical-conceptual study that evokes categories from historical-cultural psychology, collective health, historical-dialectical materialism and the group process theory according to the Latin American social psychology. By considering that the set of care actions in a mental health service needs to be aimed at socialization, without giving up therapeutic purposes, of psychosocial rehabilitation, it is understood that it is necessary to think about the group process in the light of the cultural-historical theory, evoking Leontiev's Activity Theory and the relation between the structure of activity and the development of the psyche. The starting point was the need to reflect on the possible mediations that a group activity could intentionally dynamize, focusing on the reorganization of consciousness and the entire psychological system. For this, it is necessary to take into account the particularities of each person with schizophrenia’s system disintegration and how this person has reacted, according to the singular and general conditions of the development of consciousness that takes place in historically configured social relationships. As a result of the theoretical-conceptual research, illustrations and practical recommendations were synthesized for the development of the main types of workshops recommended for the CAPS (therapeutic with manual and expressive, income generation and literacy/pedagogical activities). Two sections were organized: one which has more general contributions that these references add up to group practices in mental health; and another that has contributions of greater specificity for carrying out with people with schizophrenia. The most relevant principle is that groupality (sociogenetic plan of development) is the source and expression of microgenetic processes of development, which can reveal themselves as processes of reconstitution of higher psychological functions disintegrated in schizophrenia, and of the personality as a whole. Group management will be more powerful the more professionals direct their attention and efforts both to grouping (identifications, bonds, collective dimension of tasks, activities, roles and meanings), and to the dimension of singularity (needs, reasons, meanings to perform the activity), in addition to the system dynamics of the psychological functions of each participant. It is expected that the study can derive technical materials and training activities for CAPS professionals, promoting the advance in the conscious use of group techniques with users in general, particularly those affected by schizophrenia, contributing to the consolidation of the mental health policy in Brazil.
Violência entre parceiras íntimas: caracterização do fenômeno e avaliação da rede de apoio das vítimas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-26)
Furukawa, Letícia Yuki de Araujo
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Komatsu, André Vilela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8393101225656270
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Pessoa, Alex Sandro Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4333565964821090
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is recurrent in the daily lives of many Brazilian women. Despite the recognition of the impacts of IPV, as well as the existence of homosexual relationships between women in numerous cultures, there are few studies that have focused on the experiences of violence experienced in these relationships, especially in the national context. The absence of investigations focused on this segment hides the epidemiological data and mask this harmful reality. It was hypothesized that lesbians who do not have the perception of support from social support are more exposed to IPV, as well as having more difficulties in breaking up with the aggressor partner. Based on these prerogatives, the objective of this research was to characterize IPV, more specifically in women's homosexual relationships, as well as to analyze possible associations between Perceived Social Support (PSS). This is a quantitative investigation, with a cross-sectional design, organized into three complementary studies that were presented in the form of articles. A total of 1057 Brazilian lesbian women, aged between 18 and 58 years old, participated in the investigation. Data collection was online and the following instruments were used: i) Brazil Socioeconomic Classification Criteria; ii) Revised Tactical Conflict Scale (CTS-2); iii) Perceived Social Support Scale (adult version) (EPSUS-A). Article 1 aimed to verify the association between IPV and PSS, based on the socioeconomic, ethnic and educational classification of Brazilian lesbian women. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, which did not differ significantly in relation to violence data, with only differences in relation to PSS being observed. The study, despite its limitations, suggests that violence in women's homosexual relationships occurs in all social strata, regardless of ethnicity and level and education. Articles 2 and 3 are closely related as the sample was split so that Latent Class Analysis (LCA) could be conducted. In Article 2, based on an exploratory model, the objective was to characterize the manifestation of violence in women's homosexual relationships (n = 634) based on its typology and frequency, and to analyze the possible associations between violence and the perception of social support. Four significantly different classes were identified in terms of patterns of violence suffered and perceived social support. The findings reinforced that the relationship between partner violence and social support is a heterogeneous phenomenon, whose variables are not always directly related. Subsequently, in Article 3, the confirmatory analysis was performed. The sample consisted of 423 lesbian women and the number of classes obtained in the present study, through the LCA, confirmed the number of classes in the exploratory study. However, the results of this investigation suggested that the perception of social support can reduce the prevalence of violence in the relationship of only a part of the participating women. Other psychological and social variables should be included in studies of this size to detect other dimensions that are directly associated with the reduction or perpetuation of indicators of violence in women's homosexual relationships. It is hoped that this investigation will contribute to the unveiling of obscured issues regarding the manifestation of violence between intimate partners, as well as subsidize consistent reflections on the role of the support network in the rupture of violence in these relationships.
Ensino de topografias variadas do mando por informação “Quando?” em crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-27)
Brassolatti, Isabella Marino
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Miguel, Caio F
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Cortez, Mariéle Diniz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8990262015182120
Recent studies have been developing procedures for teaching complex verbal operants to children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), such as mands for information. However, the literature evaluating procedures for the acquisition of the mand “When?”, which can be evoked by a variety of stimuli correlated with delayed access to reinforcers, is still scarce. The present study aimed to replicate and extend the study by Landa, Hansen and Shillingsburg (2017), using the same experimental task to teach children with autism the mand for information “When?”, including a new type of trial and teaching of specific topographies (names of items) varied from this type of mand. Three boys with autism participated in the study and were exposed to experimental trials in which, after issuing a mand for an item highly preferred by the participant (e.g. “Can I play with the tablet?”), access to the item was denied by the experimenter. (e.g., “Not now”), with the aim of creating motivation for issuing the mand based on the information in question. After going through the Baseline and Training conditions, the three participants learned the mand for information topographies taught in a few teaching sessions (from eight to eleven), which were issued only during the Establishment Operation Present (OEP) type trials, and not during the other types of control trials (Establishment Operation Absent – OEA and free access – AL, the latter being inserted only for two of the three participants). Two participants showed variability in the independent responses presented. However, for two participants, it was necessary to provide tips for issuing mands for itens, which significantly influenced the teaching of the skill.
Priorização de áreas para alocação de Reserva Legal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-27)
Coutinho Neto, Reginaldo Santos
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Valente, Roberta Averna de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
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Molin, Paulo Guilherme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1529819650942373
The Legal Reserve (LR) is defined by the Native Vegetation Protection Law (NVPL) as a portion of a rural property whose function is to ensure the economic and sustainable use of natural resources, contributing to the conservation and rehabilitation of ecological processes and biodiversity conservation. Rural properties or possessions that are irregular because they have a deficit of LR may comply with the law, as long as they commit to restoration measures inside the property or compensate outside, to the extent established by law. To support the decision making of the allocation of LR, the Multicriteria Evaluation (MCE) methods appear, which have been efficiently used for forest restoration processes. Considering the criteria suggested by the NVPL and other indicators of environmental fragility, the main objective of this work was to elaborate a zoning of priority areas for the allocation of LR of the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes, inserted in the Alto Paranapanema watershed, having as limit rural properties declared in the Rural Environmental Registry. We observed results of different importance for each biome since the reality of each is different due to behavior of variables in each scenario. Areas classified as Very Low, Low and Moderate for LR allocation are the majority (76.7% for Cerrado and 61.8% for Atlantic Forest) and have little area covered by native vegetation (12.37% in Cerrado and 10,59% in the Atlantic Forest), with a predominance of agriculture and pasture cover. The areas classified as High and Very High priority have greater coverage of native vegetation (24.15% in the Cerrado and 34.1% in the Atlantic Forest) and that comply with the criteria guided by the NVPL. The MCE proved to be efficient even without the weighting of the criteria, allowing prioritizing areas for LR allocation within the watershed. This study can facilitate the population's choice for the placement of LR compensations and may also facilitate the public perception of the importance of compensating LR locally.