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Incorporação orgânica da educação a distância nas universidades públicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-17) Veloso, Braian Garrito; Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2537302046587655
Distance Education (DE) has been growing dramatically, being also driven by the experiences lived during the pandemic period, namely in what is conventionally called emergency remote teaching - or similar nomenclatures. In Brazilian public universities, the modality has grown predominantly through the Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB) System. That said, the general objective of this thesis was to analyze how public universities (state and federal), operating within the UAB System, have organized themselves in order to organically incorporate DE into their institutional practices. As for the methodology, methodological triangulation was used in the light of qualitative and quantitative approaches. In addition, the investigation had, as an epistemological matrix, the Weberian comprehensive sociology. Regarding the methodological procedures, the research was divided into two main moments, the first being carried out in Brazil and the second in Portugal. The first moment had the following steps: survey and bibliographic study; document analysis; Delphi technique; virtual questionnaire; focus groups and; semi-structured interview. The second moment, carried out in the delegation of the city of Porto of the Universidade Aberta de Portugal, included: bibliographic study and document analyses; on-site visits; semi-structured interview and; monitoring of training activities in the Azores. As a result, the thesis shows that the UAB System generated a standardization in distance courses, despite some specificities that concern the proposals of each institution. As a rule, constituting DE management centers to centralize practices in the modality. Teaching, on the other hand, relies on the division of labor and receiving scholarships to work. In learning, it is clear that the UAB System has a central-pole model, in addition to the use of the Moodle virtual environment. Thinking about the institutionalization process, some important advances were made, such as the inclusion of the modality in normative documents, constitution of a management center with autonomy in its functions, students with some opportunities and rights equivalent to those of face-to-face education, etc. But these steps were not climbed without challenges. The word “struggle” frequently appears in the speeches of the subjects participating in the study. Starting from this, we arrive at the interpretation that understands the phenomenon of institutionalization as essentially dialectical, that is, involved in institutional conflicts that move the process. In order to advance in the incorporation of DE, we argue that it is necessary to overcome what we call, in the thesis, the institutionalization of precariousness. Therefore, through the speeches and experiences of the research participants, we proposed reflections on strategies aimed at organic incorporation. It becomes important, therefore, to act in the light of the dimensions: bureaucracy, confluence between modalities, experience and organizational culture. At the end of the thesis, we present the data collected at the Open University of Portugal, defining the public DE model in that country and comparing it, as much as possible, with the Brazilian reality. We identified some approximations, but also distances. When it comes to institutionalization, the main difference concerns the eminently endogenous character, in Brazil, and exogenous, in Portugal. To end the analysis, we present hybrid education as a historical trend that will be – and is being – built at a junction between subjective and material aspects in both countries.
Estudos integrados para interpretação da dinâmica hídrica em ambientes florestais amazônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-17) Lima, Jeferson Alberto de; Tonello, Kelly Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3187724457350660
The forest acts directly in the interception and redistribution of rainwater, influencing the conduction of rain to the surface of the soil, helping to maintain moisture within the forest, regulating water flows and contributing to the maintenance of water quality and availability. Even though water is an essential resource for maintaining life on our planet, care for water maintenance in many regions does’t reflect its importance and essentiality. In the Amazon Rainforest region, the exuberant forest suffers from predatory exploration, which causes changes in its functionality, influencing the maintenance of environmental services and ecohydrological processes. Understanding and quantifying the influence of the forest on the water dynamics in Amazonian forest environments are fundamental for proposing alternatives that contribute to the maintenance and functionality of this biome. This thesis aimed to develop an integrated study to interpret the water dynamics and understand the effects of the exploratory activity of a Sustainable Forest Management Plan on the hydrological processes in Amazonian forest environments in an area of public native forest under forest concession in the Jamari National Forest (Flona do Jamari), state of Rondonia, Brazil. The study was carried out in the Jamari National Forest (Flona do Jamari), Rondônia, Western Brazilian Amazon where the predominant vegetation is of the Open Ombrophilous Forest type, and the climate is of the Aw-Tropical Wet type, hot and humid with two distinct periods: wet (October to April) and dry (May to September). Two areas were selected: one with preserved forest (AN) and the other logged (AE). In the selected areas, 3 plots (P1, P2 and P3) measuring 20 m x 20 m were installed and monitored monthly between October/2019 and October/2020 to obtain the necessary information to characterize the structure of the vegetation, the distribution of rainwater, the accumulated burlap stock, and interpret the behavior of the main soil physical attributes. The results of this study point out that the dynamics of rainwater distribution behavior over the monitoring period was similar among the areas, reflecting the high temporal and spatial variability, as well as the seasonality of the region. The internal precipitation (Pi) was the variable that most influenced the effective precipitation (Pe) presenting higher average than the open precipitation (Pa) in most months of monitoring for the natural area (AN). The hydrological variable Et was the only one that showed statistically significant difference between the areas, which may be related to the difference in the density of individuals observed. The dynamics of accumulation of burlap and its fractions was similar between the areas, and the accumulation was strongly related to the seasonality of the region. The water retention capacity (CRH) of the burlap fractions contributed effectively to the CRH of the total burlap stock, which showed higher rates than the effective water retention capacity of the burlap (ERH). The hydrological behavior of the soils of the evaluated areas was influenced by the characteristics of the vegetation structure, hydrological variables, and variations in soil physical properties over the monitoring period. The research helped to understand the hydrological process of the understory in the forest areas, and according to the data from this study, it’s possible to conclude that the forest exploration activities made by the Sustainable Forest Management Plan affected the hydrological behavior in the explored area.